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Practice Set 4 Aem I (Math1059)

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35 views3 pages

Practice Set 4 Aem I (Math1059)

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marsyes27
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Mathematics PRACT ICE SET 4

Program B. Tech. (SoCS/SoAE) Semester I


Course Advanced Engineering Course Code MATH1059
Mathematics I
Session July-Dec 2024 Unit (IV & V) Linear Differential Equations
with Visualizations; Nonlinear
Differential Equations with
Visualizations

2 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 sin 𝑦
1. Define linear and non-linear ordinary differential equations. State with reason the
𝑑2𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

= 0.
following differential equations are linear or non-linear. (i)

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(ii) 𝑑2𝑦
2 + 5(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 𝑑𝑦 + 6𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(iii) 𝑥2 𝑑𝑑2𝑥𝑦2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 − log𝑒 𝑥, (𝑥 > 0).

Find the value of 𝜆 for which the differential equation


(3𝑥2 + 𝜆𝑒𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥𝑒𝑦 + 3𝑦2)𝑑𝑦 = 0,
2. (i)

Determine the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 for which the differential equation


is exact.
(ii)
(𝑎𝑥2𝑦 + 𝑦3)𝑑𝑥 + (1 𝑥3 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦2) 𝑑𝑦 = 0,
3
and then solve it in the case of those values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
is exact,

3. Show that the given equations are not exact but becomes exact when multiplied by the
given integrating factor (𝐼. 𝐹. ). (a) (𝑦 + 𝑦3
+ ) 𝑑𝑥 +(𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑦 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0,
𝑥2

(𝐼. 𝐹. ) = 𝑥3.
3 2

(cos 𝑦 sin 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (cos2 𝑦 − cos2 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0 , (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = (sec 𝑦 +


tan 𝑦) sec 𝑦.
(b)

(𝑦2𝑥 − 𝑥2)𝑑𝑥 + (3𝑥2𝑦2 + 𝑥2𝑦 − 2𝑥3 + 𝑦2)𝑑𝑦 = 0 , (𝐼. 𝐹. )


= 𝑒6𝑦.
(c)

4. Is the integrating factor of any solvable non-exact differential equation unique? Justify
your answer with at least an example.
Department of Mathematics PRACT ICE SET 4

If 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 and 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0 are exact
differential equations, the show that (𝑀 + 𝑃)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑁 + 𝑄)𝑑𝑦 = 0 is also an
5.

exact differential equation.


6. Solve the following differential equations.
𝑥 𝑥

(a) (1 + 𝑒𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒𝑦 {1 − (𝑥)} 𝑑𝑦 = 0.


𝑦

(b) (𝑦2𝑒𝑥𝑦2 + 4𝑥3)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥𝑦𝑒𝑥𝑦2 − 3𝑦2)𝑑𝑦 = 0.

(c) 𝑦 sin 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 − (1 + 𝑦2 + cos2 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0.


(d) (cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (cos 𝑥)𝑑𝑦, 𝑦(𝜋) = 0.

7. Examine whether the following differential equations are exact or not. If not exact,
made it exact and hence solve.
1

(a) (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑒𝑥3) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥2𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0.


2

(b) (3𝑥2𝑦4 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥3𝑦3 − 𝑥2)𝑑𝑦 = 0.


(c) (𝑥4 + 𝑦4)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦3𝑑𝑦 = 0.
Solve the following differential equations (𝐷 stands for 𝑑⁄𝑑𝑥):
(2𝐷2 − 2𝐷 − 1)𝑦 = 0.
8.
(a)
(b) (𝐷3 − 5𝐷2 + 7𝐷 − 3)𝑦 = 0.
(c) (𝐷4 − 6𝐷3 + 12𝐷2 − 8𝐷)𝑦 = 0. (d) (𝐷3 + 1)𝑦 = 0.
Solve the following differential equations (𝐷 stands for 𝑑⁄𝑑𝑥):
(𝐷2 − 4)𝑦 = 𝑒2𝑥 + 𝑒−4𝑥.
9.
(a)
(b) (𝐷2 + 1)𝑦 = sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥.
(c) (𝐷4 − 2𝐷3 + 𝐷2)𝑦 = 𝑥3.
(d) (𝐷2 + 2)𝑦 = 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + 𝑒−2𝑥 + cos 3𝑥.
10. Define Wronskian. Evaluate Wronskian of the functions 𝑦1(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 and
𝑦2(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥.
11. A condenser of capacity 𝐶 discharged through an inductance 𝐿 and resistance 𝑅 in

series and the charge 𝑞 at time 𝑡 satisfies the equation 𝐿 𝑑2𝑞


2 +𝑅 𝑑𝑞
+ 𝑞 = 0. Given
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐶
Department of Mathematics PRACT ICE SET 4

that 𝐿 = 0.25 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠, 𝑅 = 250 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠, 𝐶 = 2 × 10−6 𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠, and that


when 𝑡 = 0 charge 𝑞 is 0.002 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑠 and the current 𝑑𝑞
= 0, obtain the
value of 𝑞 in
𝑑𝑡 terms of 𝑡. 12. The
differential equation 𝐿 𝑑2𝑞
2 + 𝑞 = 𝐸 sin 𝑛𝑡 represents the equation for electric charge
𝑑𝑡 𝐶

𝑞 of an electric circuit consisting of an inductance 𝐿, capacitance, 𝐶 and an emf 𝐸


sin 𝑛𝑡 applied in series. Initially, there is no current and charge on the condenser. Prove
that the current 𝑖 is given by
𝑛𝐸
𝑖 = 𝐿(𝑛2 − 𝜔2) (cos 𝜔𝑡 − cos 𝑛𝑡),

where 𝜔2 = 1
. If 𝑛 = 𝜔, prove that 𝑖 = 𝐸𝑡
sin 𝜔𝑡.
𝐿𝐶 2𝐿

13. Write the solution of the initial-value problem

𝑑𝑃 𝑃
= 0.08𝑃 (1 − ) 𝑃(0) = 100
𝑑𝑡 1000

and use it to find the population sizes 𝑃(40) and 𝑃(80). At what time does the

14. Biologists stocked a lake with 400 fish and estimated the carrying capacity (the
population reach 900?

maximal population for the fish of that species in that lake) to be 10,000. The number
of fish tripled in the first year.

𝑑𝑃 𝑃
(i) Assuming that the size of the fish population satisfies the logistic equation

= 𝑟𝑃 (1 − ),
𝑑𝑡 𝑁

(ii) How long will it take for the population to increase to 5000?
find an expression for the size of the population after t years.

15. A competitive interaction is described by the Lotka-Volterra competition model


𝑥′(𝑡) = 0.01𝑥(100 − 𝑥 − 𝑦),
𝑦′(𝑡) = 0.05𝑦(60 − 𝑦 − 0.2𝑥).
Find all critical points of the system.

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