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IJARBASmvs

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Daniyal Sajid
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IJARBAS, Special Issue; Jan 2017 ISSN 2394-4072

Sol-Gel synthesis, Structural and magnetic properties of Multiferroic


nanoparticles
M. V. Shisode1, Pankaj P. Khirade1, Dhananjay N. Bhoyar1, A. R. Chavan1, K. M. Jadhav1*
1
Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad (M.S.), India.

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) behaves as a important multiferroic material shows unique magnetic and ferroelectric properties. In the
present work, Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol gel auto combustion method, using nitrates
of bismuth and iron as a parent material. Ethylene glycol is used as a solvent. The synthesized powder was sintered at 9000C for 5
hours to obtain pure phase BFO. Leaching with nitric acid (HNO3) and distilled water (H2O) is done to remove the impurities. The
obtained powder was then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the XRD spectra shows several sharp peaks in correspondence
with the standard XRD spectrum of the crystalline BiFeO3. The average crystallite size of the diffraction pattern was found to be about
44.77 nm. Typical magnetic hysteresis loop was observed at room temperature, showing that the BiFeO3 nanoparticles show a weak
ferromagnetic (Mr) and coercive field (Hc) are 0.0531 emu/g and 180 Oe, respectively.

Keywords:Sol-gel, Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), Multiferroic , nanoparticlese.

1. INTRODUCTION ~8300C) and a G-type antiferromagnetic ordering ( TN ~


Multiferroic materials have attracted great attention due to 3700C ) temperature [6]. BFO is considered as a promising
their potential application in multifunctional devices [1, 2]. candidate for magnetic storage or in the applications of
In the present work, multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) spintronics devices [7], leakage current due to oxygen
short form BFO was synthesized by a sol- gel method vacancies or impurities is the major problem in BFO.
using metal nitrates as a starting materials. Since BFO
discovery in 1960, bismuth ferrite powders are being 2. EXPERIMENTAL
prepared by solid state methods, mechano-chemical 2.1. Synthesis.
method, solution chemistry methods, hydro-thermal
BiFeO3 powders were prepared by a sol-gel method. High
methods, sono-chemical and sol-Gel methods [3]. Most of
purity Bismuth nitrate [Bi(NO3)3.5H2O], Ferric nitrate
these methods require high temperature treatments greater
[Fe(NO3)3.9H2O], were used as starting materials. The
than 8000C [4]. To get nanosized BFO avoiding bismuth
stoichiometric amounts of Bismuth nitrate
volatilization, it is being developed gradually low
temperature synthesis methods. Among the various [Bi(NO3)3.5H2O], Ferric nitrate [Fe(NO3)3.9H2O], were
separately dissolved in the ethylene glycol (EG, analytical
solution based methods for synthesizing BFO
purity). Then this solution was mixed together. The
nanoparticles we chose the sol-gel method due to easy
xerogel was obtained by evaporating the precursor solution
control of chemical composition. The materials in which at
on the hot plate at 700C, giving large amount of gases.
least two of the three ferroic orders co-exists such as
Then it was ground into powder and heated at 3000C for 2
ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity are
hours to remove ethylene glycol (EG). Then sintered at
called as multiferroic materials (e.g.BiFeO3). BFO is one
9000C for 5 hours and the cooled at room
of the most promising due to coupling between
temperature.Lastly, the quenched powder was washed by
ferroelectric and magnetic ordering at room temperature,
diluted nitric acid (10% in volume fraction) to dissolve
leading to room temperature devices. Bismuth ferrite has a
small amount of bismuth salt or oxide produced by the
rhombhohedrally distorted perovskite structure with space
excess of Bi. The flow chart of the synthesis process is
group R3c and having general chemical formula ABO3[5].
shown in the fig.1.as follows.
BFO exhibits higher ferroelectric curie temperature (Tc
110
IJARBAS, Special Issue; Jan 2017 ISSN 2394-4072
The position of each peak was found to be in good
agreement with perovskite BiFeO3[ JCPDS card 86-1518]
[9]. Traces of some very low intensity peak corresponding
to secondary phases like Bi2Fe4O9 represents with * and
Bi25FeO39 represents with #, etc. were identified [10].
Structural parameters, namely crystallite size and lattice
parameters are a = 5.554 Å, c = 13. 818Å. There had been
good control over the non-perovskite phases which
confirms the phase purity of BFO nanoparticles, Thus, the
loss of Bismuth was reduced due to low temperature
synthesis in this sol-gel method.

3.2 Magnetization
The M-H hysteresis loop has been measured at room
temperature to study magnetic properties of BFO
nanoparticles, which is as shown in fig.3. It confirms that
synthesized BFO nanoparticles exhibit weak ferromagnetic
ordering with residual magnetic moment of 0.0531
emu/gm and coercive field of 180 Oe.

Fig 1: Complete Flow-chart of synthesis process of


BiFeO3 nanoparticle.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


3.1 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

Fig. 2. M-H hysteresis curve of BFO nanoparticle.

4. CONCLUSION
The phase pure BFO nanoparticles have been synthesized
Fig 2: X-ray diffraction pattern of BiFeO3 nanoparticles using sol-gel method. Phase purity and crystallite size of
BFO nanoparticles were confirmed by XRD studies. Phase
X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phase of pure BFO powders with distorted perovskite structure
powder and the particle size of the powder was calculated were obtained. The value of crystallite size is found to be
using Scherrer formula [8],  44.77 nm. A typical magnetic hysteresis loop was
 observed at room temperature, indicating that the BiFeO 3

nanoparticles show a weak ferromagnetic order. The
remnant magnetization and coercive field are 0.0531
Where, D is the crystallite size (nm), 0.9 is the shape emu/gm and coercive field of 180Oe.
-
K radiation), is FWHM ( rad ) and is the Braggs 5. REFERENCES
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