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A free pith
carries a positive ball of mass 6g 8. Consider a uniform electric
charge of (1/3 ) ×
isthe nature and
be given to a magnitude 10-7 C.
of charge that What
second pith ball fixed 5 cm should
|B.. field E= 3x10 i NC-,
Calculate the flux of this
below the former ield through a square surface
vertically
ball is stationary. pith ball so that the upper
of area 10 cm
(i) when its plane is parallel to Y-Z square
pith plane.
(ti) when the normal to its
angle 60° with
of plane makes an
A X-axis.
carries a charge of +6 uC.small sphere of mass 1g (CBSE 2013)
The
Dy a string in an
electric field sphere is suspended
of 400 NC- 9.
downwards. Calculate tension in the string.acting The electric
field components
coi) be the What due to a charge inside the cube of
side 01 m are

3.
Tesioni havg
3Pheye uee6UC.
E, = 0, where =500 (N/C) m-l,
E, =0, E, = 0. Caleulate the flux
cube and the charge inside the cube. through the
4 Acharged (CBSE Sample Paper 2019-20,
2'uC and mass 10 particle of charge CBSE (OD)
milligram,
velocity 1000 m/s entersa moving with a
of 2008, 2018 (C)1l
Solution. As is clear from Fig. 1.66, flux is only
of strength 10 NNC uniform electric field
direction of motion.directed perpendicular along X-axis.
Find the velocity toand its
displacement of the particle after 10 s. FIGURE 1.66
4. Two
-8 q are placed at the point charges + 6q and
equilateral triangle ABCvertices
B and C of an 01 m
of side a. Obtain an
expression for magnitude and direction of
resultant electric field at the vertex A due to +0-1 m->
two charges. these
[CBSE 2014 (C)]
5, Two identical point charges,
q'each, are kept 2 m apart in air. A third To. A
point
charge Q of unknown magnitude and sign is placed length 1m and area ofhollow
cross cylindrical
box of
on the placed in a three dimensional section 25 cm² is
line joining the charges such that the system as shown in Fig. 1.70. The co-ordinate system
remains in equilibrium. Find the position and electric field in the
nature of . (CBSE 2019) region is given by E -50 xi, where E is in
NC-, and x is in metre. Find
6. An electric dipole of moment ) Net flux through the
cylinder
5 x 10-8C-m is aligned in a uniform electric field (ü) Charge enclosed by the
of 1-44 x 10 N/C. Calculate potential energy of cylinder.
(CBSE 2013)
the dipole to hold the dipole at 60° with the
direction of electric field. FIGURE 1.70
+. S and S, are two concentric
spheres enclosing charges and 2 respectively n
as shown in Fig.1.65. n

FIGURE 1.65
2Q 1m

Two large, thin metal plates

S are parallel and close to each
faces, the plates have surfaceother.
charge
On their inner
() What is the ratio of electric flux through densities of
opposite signs and of magnitude 19 x 10-22
What is E (a) to the left of the Cm-2
S, and S, ?
(i) How will the electric flux through the right of the plates (c) between theplates (b) to the
plates ?
sphere S, change, if a medium of dielectric Here, o = 19 x 10-22 Cm-2
constant Kis introduced in the space inside S, in
place of air ? l2. Two fixed
(iit) How will the electric flux through sphere and +e units are separated by a point charges + 4e
S, change, if amedium of dielectric constant Kis
should the third point charge bedistance a. Where
placed for it to
be in equilibrium ?
introduced in the space inside S, in place of air? (Chhatisgarh Board 2012)
 13. In Fig. 1.71,
total flux of the calculate the
spheres S, and S,.electrostatic field through the 20. Fig. 1(0).10shows tracks of three charged
linear charge densityTheAgiven
wire AB shown here has a
by A= where x is
particles in a uniform electrostatic field. Give
the signs of the three charges. Which particle
the distance
measured along the wire kr,
from end A.
has the highest charge to mass ratio ?

FIGURE 1.71 FIGURE 1(Q).10

S. S 3
(a) Suppose two particles have identical curved
trajectories. Which of the following are
necessarily true ?
() they have same charge
|4. Apendulum bob of mass 80 (ii), they have same
mass (iii) the charges have
(iv) they have the same the same sign,
milligram and carrying a charge of 2 x 10 Cis elm
at rest in a horizontal uniform electric field of 2 (0) You are given the initial ratio.
particle and the length of thevelocity
x v of a bearm
10 Vm, Find the tension in the thread of the
other capacitor l. What
pendulum and the angle it makes with the vertical. elm ? measurement would enable one to find
|5, Fig. 1,75 shows a 21. . Apoint charge +Qis placed in the vicinity of a
Surface surrounding some electric closed conducting surface. Draw the electric field lines
(a) what is the net electric flux charges between the surface and the charge.
surface ? (b) Is the electric through the [CBSE 2017 Ci
or outward from the
flux directed inward
surface ? 22. Fig. 1(0).8shows the electric field lines for two
FIGURE 1.75
point charges separated by a distance. What
are the signs of q, and g,? Can you determine
"+6-7 uC
the ratio 4j/92?
FIGURE 1(Q).8
-3-2 uc
+3-2 uC

i6. A wire AB of length L has

linear charge density A=Kr, wherexis measured
from the end A of the wire. This wire is enclosed
by a Gaussian hollow surface. Find the expression
for electric flux through the surface.
[CBSE 2017 (C)] 23. (a) Define electric flux. Is it a
vector ?A point charge g is at a scalar or a
Can electric field lines of force form closed distance d2
directly above the centre of a square
loops ? Give reason for your answer. as shown in Fig. 1(0).12. Use of side d,
Sol, No. The directionof electric field is from positive obtain the expression for theGauss's Law to
electric flux
to negative charge. So line of force can be through the square.
regarded starting from positive charge and ending
on a negative charge. That is why, electric lines FIGURE 1(Q).12
of force can not form closed loops.

I Two protons Aand Bare placed inbetween the

plates of a parallel plate capacitor charged to di2
apotential difference Vas shown in Fig, 10).9.
The forces on the two protons are identical, Is
this statement true ?
FIGURE 1(Q).9
(6) If the point
distance d from thecharge
"B is
noW moved to a
+A
centre of the square and
the side of the
the electric fluxsquare is doubled, explain
will be affected. how
Ja Two charges of magnitude - 2 0 and + are
located at points (a, 0) and (4 a, 0) respectively.
Whatis the electricflux due to charges through
a sphere of radius 3 a' with its centre at the
origin. (CBSE 2013)
 24, sample Problem 2A surface
What is the electric flux element ds =5‘ is placed in an electric field
emanating from the surface ? E=4i+4]*
Sample Problem Two charges of +1000 u
held at an angle of 30° with a uniform electric field ofCare senarated by 2 mm. The dipole so formed IS
15 x 104 NC. Calculate the torque acting on tne
dipole.

6Aproton is placed in a Z4 What does (g, +9) = 0 signify ?

directed along the uniform elcctric field Ans. 4, t 4 =0, 4 =-42. Such a system of point
direction will it tendpositive
to movex-axis. In
? (CBSEwhich charges is called an electric dipole. It is a pair of
) Name the 2010) cqual and opposite point charges separated by a
NC-1 ? physical quantity whose SI small distance.
(Pb. Boardunit
200! is yO, What is the nature of symmetry of the electric
29. What is an ideal field due to () point charge and (i) electric
Ans. For a given dipoledipole? dipole ?
when the charge q getsmoment
larger
I
p|=q(2a),
and larger, while
U Define electric flux. Write its SI unit. A charge
q is enclosed by a spherical surface of radius
the separation (2 a)
smaller and smaller, webetween two charges gets R. If the radius is reduced to half. how would

Thus, an ideal dipole hasobtain an ideal dipole.

almost no size.
the electric flux through the surface
change ? [CBSE 2009, 2018 (C|
29 What happens when an s2. Draw a graph to show the variation of electric
in a non uniform electric dipole is held intensity E with perpendicular distancer from
electric field ?
Ans. Itexperiences some net force and some net an infinite line of charge density Cm. Find
torque. work done in bringing a charge q from
50.At what points, dipole field perpendicular distance r, to r, (rn >r).
intensity is
parallel to the line joining the charges ? (CBSE 2018)
Ans. As is known, electric intensity E at a
S,Ifthe radius of the Gaussian surface perpendicular distance r from an infinite line of
a charge g is halved, how does the enclosing charge density AC/m is
electric flux
through the Gaussian surface change ?
E :
32,A charge g is placed at the centre of acube of 2 TE r
side I what is the electric flux
passing through The variation of E with r is as shown in Fig.
two opposite faces of the cube 2 (CBSE 2012) 1(0).16. Work done in bringing charge q from
33 Two concentric spherical shells of radii Rand distance r to r, is
2 R are given charges , and , respectively. FIGURE 1(Q).16
The surface charge densities of the outer
surfaces are egual. Determine the ratio
(CBSE 2013)

34. Fig. 1(0).13 shows three point charges + 2 g,

-q and +3g. What is the electric flux due to
this configuration through the surface S ?
(CBSE 2010)
FIGURE 1(Q).13 -dr
dW =EF dr = qE dr =q
2E0 r

+2q dr
+3qe 2E0

/35, What is the SI unit of surface integral of W=Alog

2TrE0
rl=2TE0
electric field ?
Two plane sheets of chargedensities + o and oz.A water droplet of radius l micron in Millikan oil
-oare kept in air as shown in Fig. 1(0).14. drop apparatus is first beld stationary under the
What are the electric field intensities at points influence of an electric field of intensity
A and B? 5.1 x 10* NC-. How many excess electrons does
(Kerala Board 2012)
itcarry ? Take e = 1-6x 10-1 C, g=9-8 ms- and
FIGURE 1(Q).14 Uy densty of water = 10° kg m-3. [Ans. 5]
'A particle of mass mand charge q is thrown at a
speed u against a uniform electric field How
B much distance will it travel before coming to
momentary rest ? JAns. m u-I2 qE]
3 . Why no two electric lines of force can Ar5, Aparticle of mass mand chrge qis released from
intersect each other ? (Hr. Board 2007)
rest in uniform electric field of intensity E.
Zo A charged particle is free to move in an Calculate the kinetic energy itattains after moving
electric field. Will it always move along an a distance x between the plates. [Ans. qEx]
electric line of force ?
 Tuo electric charges + q
46 distance 6a apart on a and+4q are placed at a
horizontal plane. Find
position
of the
point on line joining the the
charges where the electricthefield is zero. two 055. andAuniform electric field E = E.i NIC for x>0
E = -E.i NIC for x <0 exists. A right
[Ans. 2 a from + g) circular cylinder of length cm and radius r cm
In Fig.1(Q).19, the electric field lines on has its centre at the origin and its axis along
have twice the the left X-axis. Find out the net outward flux. What is the
(a) If the separation of those on the right.
what forcemagnitude of the net charge within the cylinder ?(CBSE 2008 (C))
acts on a proton atfield at Ais 40
A ? (b) What isN/C. [Ans. 2 nrE, (104) Nm² C-.
magnitude of the field at B? the
2nE, E, (10) C]
FIGURE 1(Q).19 56 Plot a graph showing the variation of

Be coulomb force (F) versus where r is

2
the distance between two charges of each
pair of charges :(1l mC,2 mC) and (2 mC,
-3 m C). Interpret the graphs obtained.
(CBSE 2011)
[Ans. (a)
40 Eight identical point 6-4 x 10-l8 N(6) 20 N/C] Sol. According to Coulomb's law,
charges of q
are placed at the
0-1 m. corners of a cubecoulomb each
of each side Fq192 and
Calculate electric field at the centre of the
cube. Calculate the field at the centre when one Therefore, for both pairs of charges, graph
of the corner
charges is removed. 1
[Ans. Zero ; (1:2 x 10 g) NC- between F and is a straight line. Between
towards the
corner without chargel (1 u C, 2 u C), force is positive/repulsive and
proportional to 1(2) = 2. Between (2 uC and
XU9. Charge g =+6-0 n Cis on y-axis at y = + 3 cm -3 u C), force is negativelattractive and
and charge q,=-60n Cis on y-axis at y=-3 cm. proportional to 2 (3) = 6. Therefore, in Fig.
Calculate force on a test charge go = 2nC placed 1(0).36, OÀ represents the variation between
on X-axis at x =4 cm. [Ans. - 51-8 j uNI F and 1/P for the pair (1 u C, 2 u C). And, OB
Two charges + g and - g are located at points represents the variation between F and l/P for
A(0,0,-2) and B(0, 0, 2) respectively. How much the second pair (2 u C, -3u C).
work will be done in moving a test charge from FIGURE 1(Q).36
point P(4, 0, 0) to Q-5,0, 0) ?
(CBSE 2009) [Ans. Zero]
GIAn electric dipoleof length 10cm having charges 4
+6 x 10- C, placed at 30° with respect to a
uniformn electric field experiences a torque of
magnitude 63 N-m.Calculate (i) magnitude of -F
electric field (ii) the potential energy of ipole.
[Ans. () 2 3 x 104 NC- (ü) - 18 J] J4 An electric dipole consists of two charges of
2-0 x 10-C eachseparated by a distance of
52: An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed
with its axis making an angle of 60° with a uniform 2 mm. It is placed near a long line charge of
density 4-0 x 10 c/m as shown in Fig.
electric field, experiences a torque of 43 Nm. 1(Q).34, such that the negative charge is at
Calculate the potential energy of the dipole, if it a distance of 2 cm from the line charge. What
has a charge + 8 nC. (CBSE 2014) [Ans. -4 J] the force acting on the dipole ?

(Ez. Given a uniform electric field FIGURE 1(0).34

E =5x 103 NC-l Line Charge
Find the flux of this field through a square of
10 cm on a side, whose plane parallel to Y-Z
plane. What would be the flux through the same
square if plane makes an angle of 30° with X-axis ? 2 cm 2 mm
(CBSE 2014) JAns. 50 Nm² C-l;25 Nm² c-]

54. IfNC-!,
the electric field is given by E=8f+4j+3k
calculate the electric flux through a surface
of area 100 m lying in X-Y plane.
[Ans. 300 Nm² C-)
 58. A dipole consists of an
electron and aproton separated by a distance or
10-9m. 1he pole is aligned in a uniform electrie field of 1-44 x 104 NIC. Calculate potential energy
01e to hold it at 60° with the
direction of electric field.
Co Two Small identical electric dipoles AB end
CD.each of dipole moment p are kept at an 69: Two identical helium
filled balloons A and B FIGURE 1(Q).20
angle of 120° as shown in Fig. 1(0).38. What
is the resultant dipole moment oft fastened to a weight of 4-0.6m->
this 5 gram by threads float
combination ? If this system issubjected to
in equilibrium as

electric field (E) directed along + X shown in Fig. 1(0).20. 1m /1m

direction, what will be the Calculate the charge on
direction of the torque actingmagnitude
and
on this? each balloon,assuming
(CBSE 2011) that they carry cqual
charges. [Ans. t 56 x 10 C1
6O 1. Afew electric field lines for a system of two
charges L and ixed at two different /o dentify Xin the following nuclear reactions (
points on the X-axis are shown in Fig. the first reaction, n represents a neutron)
1(0).33.
(a) ,H' +Be’X to':
FIGURE 1(Q).33 (b) C2 H
+ X;
(c) N5+HHet + X.
[Ans. (a) B (b) N13 (c) c]
Four particles, each having a charge q are placed
on the four corners A, B, C, Dof a regular penta
the
gon ABCDE. The distance of each corner from
centre is a. Find the electric field at the centre of
the pentagon. [Ans. ql4 Ega, along OE]
in
1jo A copper ball of density 8-6 glcc and I cm
() What is the nature of charges? diameter is immersed in oil of density 0-8 g/cc.
(t) Which one of the two is bigger ? What the charge on the ball, if it remains just
(iü) What is the ratio of magnitude of two suspended in oil in electric field of intensity 3600
charges ? V/m acting in the upward direction ?
(iv) Where can the electric field due to two
[Ans. 1-1 x 10-5 C)
charges be zero ? (TIT-JEE 2010)
. Two charges of -4 u Cand + 4 u C are placed at
the points A (1, 0,4) and B (2, -1, 5) located in an
A rectangular surface of sides 10 cm and 15 cm is
placed inside a uniform electric field of electric field E = 0-20f V/cm. Calculate the
25 Vm-, such that normal to the surface makes torque acting on the dipole.
an angle of 60° with the direction of electric field. [Ans. 1-13 x 104 N-m]
Find the flux of electric field through the
rectangular surface. [Ans. 1-8 x 10-1 Nm?c-1)o. An infinite number of charges each equal to q, are
placed along X-axis at x= 1, x= 2, = 4, x= 8,
62,fthe electric field is given by (6f +4j+ 4k), ...... and so on.
calculate the electric flux through a surface of area
20 units lying in Y- Z plane. [Ans. 120 units]
63 The electric field in a certain region of space is
(5i + 4j - 4k)x10 NIC. Calculate electric
flux due to this field over an area of
7z Three point charges + q each are kept at the
(2f-i)x10-m². [Ans. 6 x 10³ NC- m?1 vertices of an equilateral triangle of side l,
Determine the magnitude and sign of charge
64A charge of 2x10 Cis placed on acorner of a tobe kept at the centroid so that charges at
cube of side 1 m. Find the electric flux passing
through this cube. [Ans. 28-25 NC- m²) the vertices remain in equilibrium.
Five thousand lines of force enter a certain volume (CBSE (F) 2015)
of space and three thousand lines emerge from it. Anelectron is revolving around a long line charge
What is the total charge in coulomb within this having charge density 2 x 10 Cm,Find the
volume? [Ans, - 177 x 10% C] kinetic energy of the electron, assuming that it is
independent of the radius of electron's orbit.
[Aus. 2-88 x 10-17 )
66. 1 S, and S, are two hollow concentric spheres
respectively as shown in Fig, 1.36. What is the ratio of electric flux throughenclosing charges Q and 30
S, and S,? Whàt would be
electric flux through S,? If air inside S, is replaced by a medium of
dielectrie constant 3?

S1 S2
3Q

-aat Bace ínside S, in

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