Prof.

Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Curriculum Structure & Syllabus

as per
National Education Policy -2020

Bachelor of Computer Application

BCA
[Three years Degree Course in Computer Application]
(W.E.F. 2024-25 onwards)

Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University

Mirzapur Road, Naini, Prayagraj- 211010
www.prsuniv.ac.in
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj
Semester-wise Course Structure / Titles of the Papers with Credit Distribution

BCA Semester – I
Total Max.
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Code Elective
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230101T Major Principles of Programming Using ‘C’ - I 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230102T Major Computer Fundamentals 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230103T Major Digital Electronics 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230104T Minor Mathematical Foundations 3 - - 3 25 75
B230105T Minor E-Commerce & Application 2 - - 2 25 75
Vocational / Skill Enhancement Course
Elective 3 - - 3 25 75
(Select from List)
Elective Value Added Course (Select from List) 2 - - 2 25 75

BCA Semester – II
Total Max. Marks.-
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit 100
Code Elective
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230201T Major Computer System Architecture 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230202T Major Principles of Programming Using ‘C’ - II 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230203T Major Discrete Mathematics 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230204T Minor Statistics 3 - - 3 25 75
B230205T Minor Cyber Security 2 - - 2 25 75
Ability Enhancement Courses (ह द
िं ी भाषा
Elective 3 - - 3 25 75
कौशल एविं सिंचार)
Elective Summer Training 2 - - 2 25 75

BCA Semester - III

Total Max.
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Code Elective
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230301T Major Data Structure 2 - 1 3 25 75
B230302T Major Data Communication & Computer
3 - - 3 25 75
Network
B230303T Major Object Oriented Methodology using C++ 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230304T Minor Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230305T Minor Block chain Technology 2 2 25 75
Elective Vocational / Skill Enhancement Course 3 - - 3 25 75
(Select from List)
Elective Value Added Course (Select from List) 2 - - 2 25 75
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

BCA Semester - IV
Total Max.
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Code Elective MM=20 CIE ETE
L T P
B230401T Major Java Programming 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230402T Major Database Management Systems 3 - - 3 25 75
B230403T Major Introduction to Python 2 - 1 3 25 75
B230404T Minor Software Engineering 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230405T Minor Operating Systems 2 - - 2 25 75
Ability Enhancement Courses
Elective - - 3 3 25 75
(English Language Skill and Communication)
Elective Summer Training - - 2 2 25 75

BCA Semester - V
Total Max.
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Code Elective
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230501T Major Multimedia and Graphics 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230502T Major Design and Analysis of Algorithm 3 1 - 4 25 75
B230503T Major Introduction to Data Science 3 1 - 4 25 75
B230504T Major Introduction to PHP 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230505P Major Practical/Lab Work - - 4 4 25 75

BCA Semester - VI
Total Max.
Courses/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Papers
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230601T Major Cloud Computing 3 1 - 4 25 75
B230602T Major Data Mining 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230603T Major Soft Computing 3 1 - 4 25 75
B230604R Major Major Research Project - - 8 8 100
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Detailed Syllabus
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Semester– I
Total Max.
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Code Elective MM=20 CIE ETE
L T P
B230101T Major Principles of Programming Using ‘C’ - I 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230102T Major Computer Fundamental 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230103T Major Digital Electronics 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230104T Minor Mathematical Foundations 3 - - 3 25 75
B230105T Minor E-Commerce & Application 2 - - 2 25 75
Vocational / Skill Enhancement Course
Elective 3 - - 3 25 75
(Select from List)
Elective Value Added Course (Select from List) 2 - - 2 25 75
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Principles of programming using ‘C’ – I

Introduction:
History, Structures of 'C' Programming, Function as building blocks. Language Fundamentals Character
set. C Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers, Variables, Constant, Data Types Comments.

Operators:
Types of operators, Precedenceand Associatively, Expression, Statement and types of statements, Buildin
Operators and function, Console based I/O and related built in I/O function: printf(), scanf(), getch(),
getchar0, putchar(), Concept of header files, Preprocessor directives: #include, #define.

Control structures:
Decision making structures: If, If else, Nested If else, Switch, loop Control structures: While, Dowhile, for,
- -

Nested for loop, other statements: break, continue, goto, exit.

Simple Arithmetic Problems:

Addition, Multiplication of integers, Determining if a number is –ve/+ ve / even / odd, Maximum of 2
-

numbers, 3 numbers, Sum of first n numbers, given n numbers, Integer division, Digit reversing, Table
generation for n, Factorial, sine series, cosine series. Pascal Triangle, Prime number, Factors of a number, other
problems such as Perfect number, GCD numbers, swapping, etc.
Functions: Basic types of function, Declaration and definition, Function call, Types of function,
Parameterpassing, Call by value, Call by reference, Scope of variable, Storage classes, Recursion.

References:
1. Programming in C-Balguruswamy
2. The C programming Larlg , Pearson Eel - Dennis Ritchie
3. Structured programming approach using C- Forouzan&Ceilber, Thomson learning publication
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Computer Fundamentals

Introduction:
Characteristics of Computers, Block diagram of computer. Types of computers and features, Mini Computers,
Micro Computers, Mainframe Computers, Super Computers, Types of Programming Languages (Machine
Languages, Assembly Languages, High Level languages). Data Organization, Drives, Files, Directories. Types
of Memory (Primary and Secondary) RAM, ROM, PROM. E PROM. Secondary Storage Devices (FD, CD,
HD, Pen drive) UO Devices (Scanners, Plotters, LCD, Plasma Display). Number Systems Introduction to
Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal system Conversion, Simple Addition. Subtraction, Multiplication.

Algorithm and Flowcharts:

Definition, Characteristics, Advantages and disadvantages, Examples, Flowchart: Definition, Define symbols
of flowchart, Advantages and disadvantages, Examples.

Operating System and Services:

Dos- History, Files and Directories, Internal and External Commands, Batch Files, Types of O.S. Windows
Operating Environment, Features of MS- Windows. Control Panel, Taskbar, Desktop, Windows
Application, Icons, Windows Accessories, Notepad, Paintbrush.

Editors and Word Processors:

Basic Concepts, Examples: MS-Word. Introduction to desktop publishing Spreadsheets and Database
packages Purpose, usage. Command, MS-Excel, Creation of tiles in MS-Access, Switching between application,
MS PowerPoint.

References:
1. Fundamental of Computers -- By V.Rajaraman B.P B. Publications
2. Fundamental of Computers — By PK Sinha
3. MS-Office 2000(For Windows) — By Steve Sagman
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Digital Electronics

Number system and Logic Gates:

Introduction of number systems. Radix, Radix Inter-conversions. Radix Complement, Diminished radix
component. Basic theorem of Boolean algebra. Boolean function and minimization, Karnaugh map,
combinational circuits and their analysis. Universal Gates, Realization of Primary gates using Universal gates
only.

Combinational logic circuits:

Binary adder and Subtractor circuits, Magnitude comparator, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexer and
demultiplexer, Realization of switching expressions by decoders, encoders, multiplexer and Demultiplexer,
Programmable logic circuits, tri-state logic, Memory Elements.

Sequential Logic Circuits:

Sequential circuits, latches and Flip Flops. Analysis of clocked sequential circuits. State reduction and
assignment, design of synchronous circuits, shift registers, ripple counters. synchronous counters.

Digital Integrated Circuits:

Characteristics of digital ICs, Introduction to logic families- RTL, DTL. TTL, ECL, MOS and CMOS circuits
and comparison.

References:
1. Digital Design: M.Morris Mano (PHI)
2. Digital circuits &. logic design: S.C.Lee (PHI)
3. Digital electronics: W.H.Gothmann (PHI)
4. Switching theory: A,K Gautam (Katsons)
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Mathematical Foundations

Trigonometry and Complex Numbers:

Trigonometry: Trigonometry Functions, Functions of angles of any magnitude, Compound and multiple
angles, Inverse circular functions, Complex Numbers: Modulus, Argument of complex number, Polar form,
vector form, Complex conjugate, Algebraic operations, De-Moivre's theorem, Roots of a complex number.

Matrices and Determinants:

Definition of different types of matrix. Algebraic operations, Symmetric & skew symmetric matrix, Transpose
of matrix, Orthogonal matrices, Rank of matrix, Determinant of a square matrix, Inverse of a square matrix,
Solution of Linear Equations by Cramer's flute and Gauss-Elimination method, Eigen values & Eigen vectors
of a square matrix.

Differential Calculus:
Limit, Continuity and differentiability of functions, Differentiation Rules, Differentiation of functions
(Algebraic, Trigonometric, Logarithmic, Exponential and inverse trigonometric functions), Tangent and
normal lines, Condition of tangency, Extreme values of functions.
Integral Calculus:
indefinite integrals, Basic formulae integration by parts. Integration by substitution, Definite integrals.
Properties of definite integrals, Evaluation of double integration & triple integration, Application of definite
integral to find Area and Volume.
Vector Calculus:
Vectors in a plane, Linear dependence and independence of vectors. Vectors in space, Dot and cross-
product of vectors, Gradient of vectors, Divergence of vectors, ctrl or vectors, Physical interpretation of
gradient, Divergence and curl of vectors.

References :
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics- Erwin Kreyszig
2. Calculus: Volume I-Aposto
3. Elementary Engineering Mathematics, B SGrewal
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics, B SGrewal
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

E-Commerce & Application

UNIT - I
Introduction to E-commerce: Understanding E-commerce. E-commerce business models and concepts, Major
business-to consumer (B2C) business models, Major business-to-business (B2B) business models, Business
models in emerging E-commerce areas, How the internet and the Web change business

UNIT - II
E-commerce infrastructure: The Internet, Technology background, The internet today, The world wide web.
Building an E-commerce web site: A systematic approach, choosing server software, choosing the hardware
for an E-commerce site, other E-commerce site tools.

UNIT - III
Security and Encryption: The E-commerce security environment, Security threats in the Ecommerce
environment, Technology solutions, Policies, Procedures and Laws, Digital Signature.

UNIT - IV
E-commerce payment systems: Payment systems, Credit card E-commerce transactions, Ecommerce digital
payment systems in the B2C arena, B2B payment systems. Privacy and information rights, Intellectual property
rights.

References:

1. E-Commerce- David Whiteley, Tata McGraw Hill

2. Electronic Commerce- Eframi Turban. Jae Lee. David King, K. Michele Chung.
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Semester – II
Total Max. Marks.-
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit 100
Code Elective
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230201T Major Computer System Architecture 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230202T Major Principles of Programming Using ‘C’ - II 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230203T Major Discrete Mathematics 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230204T Minor Statistics 3 - - 3 25 75
B230205T Minor Cyber Security 2 - - 2 25 75
Ability Enhancement Courses (ह द
िं ी भाषा
Elective 3 - - 3 25 75
कौशल एविं सिंचार)
Elective Summer Training 2 - - 2 25 75
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Computer System Architecture

Basic Computer Organisation and Design: Instruction Codes, Computer registers, Computer
Instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction Cycle, Memory reference instructions, Input-Output and
Interrupt, Design of Basic computer, Design of accumulator logic

Register Transfer and Microoperations: Register Transfer Language (RTL), register transfer, Bus and
Memory Transfers, Arithmetic Microoperations, Logic Microoperations, Shift Microoperations,
Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit, Microprogrammed Control: Control memory; address sequencing,
microprogram sequencer, Design of Control Unit

Central Processing Unit: General registers Organization, Stack Organization, Instruction formats,
Addressing Modes, Data Transfer and Manipulation, Program Control, Program Interrupt, RISC, CISC.

Memory Organization: Memory hierarchy, Auxiliary Memory, Associative Memory, Interleaved

memory, Cache memory, Virtual Memory, Memory Management Hardware, Input Output Organization :
Peripheral devices , Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous data transfer, Modes of Transfer, Priority
Interrupt, Direct Memory Access(DMA),Input-Output Processor(IOP).

References:

1. Computer Organisation and Architecture- W. Stallings, 4th Edition, Pearson Education

2. Computer Systems Design & Architecture - Harry, Jordan,, Edition, Addison Wesley
3. Computer Systems Organization & Architecture- J. D. Carpinelli, Addison Wesley.
4. Computer System Architecture By. Moris Mano, Pearson Education
5. Computer Architecture and Organization By J.P. Hayes, Tata McGraw Hill
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Principles of Programming Using ‘C’ - II

Arrays and Functions:

Introduction (One and multi-dimensional), Declaration of arrays, Initialization of arrays, processing with
arrays. String manipulation, declaration of string arrays, string operations. Functions: Introduction,
advantages of functions, Function definition, function call, Actual and formal arguments, local and global
variables, function prototypes, types of functions, recursive functions, arrays and functions.

Searching and Sorting:

Selection sort, bubble sort, insertion sort, quick sort, merge sort, Searching: linear and binary search
methods, comparison of sorting and searching methods.

Structures and Pointers:

Introduction to structures, Advantages of structures, accessing elements of a
structure. nested structures, array of structures, functions and structures, Pointers: Introduction, pointer
variable,
pointer operator. pointer arithmetic, pointers and arrays, pointersand strings. array pointers, dynamic
allocation.

Files:
Preprocessor, standard library and header files: Files: Introduction, File data type. opening and closing a
file, file functions (getc, putc, getw, putw, fscanf, fprintf, (read, write, fgets, fputs, feof). Preprocessor:
#define, #include, #undef, Conditional compilation directives, C standard library and header files: Header
files, string functions, mathematical functions. Date and Time functions

References:

1. Let us C-Yashwant Kanetkar.

2. Programming in C-Balguruswamy
3. The C programming Lang., Pearson Eel - DennisRitchie
4. Structured programming approach using C- Forouzah & Ceilber Thomson
5. Pointers in C – Yashwant Kanetkar
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Discrete Mathematics

Mathematical Logic:
Statements, Connectives, Statement formulas, Truth functional rules, Interpretation of formulas,
Tautologies,
Equivalence, Functionally complete set of connectives, Normal forms, Inference, Theory of statement
calculus,
Consistency of premises.
Predicates, statement functions, Quantification, Interpretation of predicate formulas, Inference theory for
predicate calculus, Informal & formal proofs.

Set Theory:
Relations Relation matrix. Transitive closures, Partitions and equivalence relations, Characteristic
functions or aset, Principle of inclusion and exclusion, its applications

Directed Graphs:
Definition Simple digraphs, Matrix representations, Paths, Distances, Connectedness of digraphs, Path
and reachability matrices, Boolean sum and product of hit matrices, Warshall's algorithm for transitive
closure of relations.

References:
1. Discrete Mathematical Structures with Application to computer Science- Tremblay &Manohar
2. Discrete Mathematical Structures- Preparata and Yeh
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Statistics

Population, Sample and Data Condensation:

Definition and scope of statistics, concept of population and sample with Illustration. Raw data, attributes
and variables, classification, frequency distribution, Cumulative frequency distribution.

Measures of Central Tendency:

Concept of central Tendency requirements of good measures of central tendency, Arithmetic mean,
Median, Mode, Harmonic Mean. Geometric mean for grouped and ungrouped data.

Measures of Dispersion:
Concept of dispersion, Absolute and relative measure of dispersion, range variance, Standard deviation,
Coefficient of variation, Permutations and Combinations.

Sample space, Events and Probability:

Experiments and random experiments, ideas of deterministic and non-deterministic experiments;
Definition of sample space, discrete sample space, events; Types of events, Union and intersections of two
or more events, mutually exclusive events, Complementary event, Exhaustive event: Simple examples.
Classical definition of probability, Definition or conditional probability, Definition of independence of two
events, simple numerical problems.

References:

1. Fundamentals of statistics - Sultan chand& sons, Delhi. - S.C,Gupta

2. - Fundamentals of statistics - D.N.Eihanee
3. Statistical Quality Control - John Welly and Sons Montogomery D.C.
4. Fundamentals of statistics - Goon, Gupta And Dasgupta
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Cyber security
Unit I:

An Overview of Ethics, Ethics for IT Workers and IT Users

Ethics, Ethics in the Business World; Corporate Social Responsibility; Fostering Corporate Social
Responsibility and Good Business Ethics; Improving Business Ethics; Ethical Considerations in Decision
Making; Ethics in Information Technology; Managing IT Worker Relationship; Encouraging Professionalism
of IT Workers — Professional Codes of Ethics, Professional Organizations, Certifications and Licensing;
Encouraging Ethical Use of IT Resources among Users.

Unit II:

Cyberattacks, Cybersecurity, and Cyber Law

Threat Landscape — Computer Incidents, Types of Exploits; CIA Security Triad; Confidentiality, Integrity,
Availability, Implementing CIA at Organizational, Network, Application, and End-User Level; Response to
Cyber Attack – Incident Notification Protection of Evidence and Activity Logs Incident Containment
Eradication Incident Follow-Up Using an MSSP, and Computer Forensics; Cyber Law; Provision of Cyber
Law and Electronic Transaction Act of India.

Unit III:

Privacy and Freedom of Expression

Privacy Protection and the Law – Information Privacy, Privacy Laws, Applications, and Court Rulings; Key
Privacy and Anonymity Issues Consumer Profiling, Electronic Discovery, Workplace Monitoring,
Surveillance; First Amendment Rights; Freedom Expressions: Key Issues; Social Networking Ethical Issues.

Unit IV:

Intellectual Property
Intellectual Property, Copyright; Patient; Trade Secrets; Intellectual Property Issues: Plagiarism, Reverse
Engineering, Open Source Code, Competitive Intelligence, Trademark Infringement, and Cybersquatting.

References:
1. Introduction of Cyber security- Jitendra Jain
2. Cyber Security Practitioner by IBM Corporation
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Semester –III
Total Max.
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Code Elective MM=20 CIE ETE
L T P
B230301T Major Data Structure 2 - 1 3 25 75
B230302T Major Data Communication & Computer
3 - - 3 25 75
Network
B230303T Major Object Oriented Methodology using C++ 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230304T Minor Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230305T Minor Block chain Technology 2 2 25 75
Elective Vocational / Skill Enhancement Course 3 - - 3 25 75
(Select from List)
Elective Value Added Course (Select from List) 2 - - 2 25 75
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Data Structure

Introduction:
Data Abstraction and Algorithm, Analysis, Data types / objects / structures, Abstract definition of data
structures , Representation and implementation, Time requirements of algorithms. Space requirements of
algorithms.

Array:
Representation of single and multidimensional arrays; Sparse arrays — lower and upper triangular matrices
and
Tridiagonal matrices with Vector Representation

Stacks, Queues and Linked list:

Introduction and primitive operations on stack; Stuck application; Infix, postfix, prefix expressions;
Evaluation or postfix expression; Conversion between prefix. infix and postfix, introduction and primitive
operation on queues, D- queues and priority queues.
Linked List: Introduction, Singly linked lists, list heads, circular linked list, doubly liked lists, operations
on linked list such as traversal, insertion, deletion. Searching, Applications of Linked list.

Trees and Graph:

Tree: Introduction and terminology; Traversal of binary trees; Recursive algorithms for tree operations
such as traversal, insertion, deletion; Binary Search Tree, ARIL tree.
Graphs: Definition, terminologies and properties, Graph representations. Minimum spanning trees, Depth-
first search, Breadth-first search.

Sorting, Starching and Hashing:

Internal and External Sorting algorithms, Heap sort, Merge sort, Quick-sort, General radix sort, Sequential
search and Binary search, Hashing: Hash functions, Collision resolution technique

References:
1. Data Structures and Program Design- Robertkruse.
2. Data Structures- Horowitz andSahni
3. Data Structures through C- A.Tennenhaum
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Data Communication & Computer Network

Basic Concept:
Components of data communication. distributed processing, standards and organizations. Line
configuration, topology ,Transmission mode, and categories of networks. OSI and TCP/IP Models. Layers
and their functions, comparison of models _Digital Transmission: Interfaces and Moderns DTE-DCE
Interface, Modems, Cable modems.

Transmission Media:
Guided and unguided, Attenuation, distortion, noise, throughput, propagation speed and time, wavelength,
Shannon capacity, comparison of media.
Telephony:
Multiplexing, error detection and correction: Many to one, one to many, WDM, TDM, FDM, Circuit
switching, packet switching and message switching. Data link control protocols: Line discipline, flow
control. Error control, synchronous and asynchronous protocols, character and bitoriented protocols, Link
access procedures. Point to point controls: Transmission states, ISDN: Services, Historical outline,
subscriber's access, ISDN Layers and broadcast 1SDN.
Devices:
Repeaters, bridges, gateways, routers, The Network Layer; Design issues, Routing algorithms, Congestion
control Algorithms, Quality of service, Internetworking, Network-Layer in the internet. Transport and
upper
layers in CSI Model' Transport layer functions, connection management, functions of session layers,
presentation layer and application layer.

References:
1. Computer Networks :Tanenbaum,A.S
2. Data Communication and Networking :Forouzan,B.A
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Object Oriented Methodology using C ++

Introduction :
Introducing Object - Oriented Approach , Relating to other paradigms ( Functional , Data decomposition } . Basic
terms and ideas Abstraction , Encapsulation . Inheritance , Polymorphism , Review of C , Difference between C
and C ++ - cin , cout , new , delete , operators .

Classes and Objects :

Encapsulation , information hiding , abstract data types , Object & classes , attributes , methods , C ++ class
declaration , State identity und behavior of an object , Constructors and destructors , instantiation of objects ,
Default parameter value , object types , C ++ garbage collection , dynamic memory allocation , Metaclass /
abstract classes .

Inheritance and Polymorphism :

Inheritance , Class hierarchy , derivation classification hierarchies , Polymorphism , public.private & protected ,
Aggregation , composition vs Categorization of polymorphism techniques , Method polymorphism ,
Polymorphism by parameter , Operator overloading , Parametric Polymorphism . Generic function Template
function , function name overloading , Overriding inheritance methods , Run time polymorphism , Multiple
Inheritance .

Files and Exception Handling :

Streams and files , Namespaces , Exception handling , Generic Classes

References:
1. Object - Oriented Modeling and Design- Rumbaugh etal .
2. Object Oriented Design - Booch
3. Object Oriented Programming in C ++ -Lafore
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Introduction:
Foundation of AI, Goals of AI, The AI Problems, Importance of AI, , AI techniques, Criteria for success.
Introduction to Intelligent Agents; Environment; Structure of Agent Problems, problem space and search:
Defining the problem as a state space search, Production system and its characteristics,

Search methods :
Problem Characteristics Searching strategies –Uninformed search and Informed search strategies. State
space search, Uniformed search techniques: Depth first search, Breadth first search, Bidirectional Search,
Informed search: Heuristic function, Hill climbing search, Best first search, A* & AO* Search, Generate
and Test, Heuristic Search Techniques Hill climbing– issues in hill climbing. Problem solving using Search
Techniques; Evaluation function, Mini-Max search, Alpha-beta pruning, Games of chance.

Knowledge representation &reasoning:

Introduction to KR, Knowledge agent, Predicate logic, Inference rule & theorem proving forward
chaining, backward chaining, Propositional knowledge, Boolean circuit agents; Rule Based Systems,
Forward reasoning: Conflict resolution

Expert system:
What is Expert system, Components of Expert System, Representing and using Domain Knowledge,
Reasoning with knowledge, Expert System Shells, Knowledge acquisition examples.

References:
1. S. Russel and P. Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach”, Second Edition, Pearson
Education
2. David Poole, Alan Mackworth, Randy Goebel, ”Computational Intelligence : a logical approach”,
Oxford University Press.
3. G. Luger, “Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for complex problem solving”, Fourth
Edition, Pearson Education.
4. J. Nilsson, “Artificial Intelligence: A new Synthesis”, Elsevier Publishers.
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Block chain Technology

Introduction:
Introduction to Blockchain networks, distributed ledger, layered architecture of blockchain, Blockchain
architecture, Decentralization, immutability, transparency, hashing and digital signature, Types of
Blockchain: Public, private and consortium. Permission less and permissioned

Consensus Algorithms:
Proof of Work(PoW), Proof of Stake(PoS), Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET), Practical Byzantine Fault
Tolerance: Definition, Working, Limitations, Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance, Directed Acyclic
Graphs.

Cryptocurrency:
Definition, Types, Benefits, Limitations, Different Cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Altcoins. Crypto
Wallets, Mining, Initial Coin Offering, Merkle Tree

Ethereum and Hyperledger:

Ethereum blockchain, Ethereum Virtual Machine ( EVM), Ether and Gas, Smart Contracts: Definition,
Features, Working of Smart Contracts, Benefits and Limitations,

Application and future of Blockchain:

Blockchain in Finance, Blockchain in Governance, Blockchain in smart energy, Blockchain in supply
chain management, Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and Internet of Things,
Applications: Land Record Management.

Reference Books:
1. Block chain: Ultimate guide to understanding block chain, bit coin, crypto currencies, smart contracts
and future of money- Mark Gates
2. Block chain Applications: A Hands-on-Approach, Arshdeep Bahga
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Semester - IV
Total Max.
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Code Elective
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230401T Major Java Programming 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230402T Major Database Management Systems 3 - - 3 25 75
B230403T Major Introduction to Python 2 - 1 3 25 75
B230404T Minor Software Engineering 2 1 - 3 25 75
B230405T Minor Operating Systems 2 - - 2 25 75
Ability Enhancement Courses
Elective - - 3 3 25 75
(English Language Skill and Communication)
Elective Summer Training - - 2 2 25 75
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Java Programming

Unit I
Introduction to Java: Basics of Java programming, Datatypes, Variables, Operators, Control structures
including selection, Looping, Java methods, Overloading, Math class, Arrays in java, Objects and classes in
java, Constructors, Finalizer, Visibility modifiers, Methods and objects, Inbuilt classes like String,
Character,String Buffer, File, this reference

Unit II
Inheritance and Polymorphism in java, Super and subclass, Overriding, Object class, Polymorphism,
Dynamic binding, Generic programming, Casting objects, Instance of oper ator, Abstract class, Interface in
java, Package in java, UTIL package.

Unit III
Event and GUI programming: Event handling in java, Event types, Mouse and key events, GUI Basics,
Panels, Frames, Layout Managers: Flow Layout, Border Layout, Grid Layout, GUI components like Buttons,
Check Boxes, Radio Buttons, Labels, Text Fields, Text Areas, Combo Boxes, Lists, Scroll Bars, Sliders,
Windows, Menus, Dialog Box, Applet and its life cycle, Introduction to swing, Exceptional handling
mechanism.I/Oprogramming:TextandBinaryI/O,BinaryI/Oclasses, ObjectI/O, Random Access Files.

Unit IV
Hours Multi threading in java: Thread life cycle and methods, Runnable interface, Thread synchronization,
Exception handling with try-catch-finally, Collections in java, Introduction to Java Beans and Network
Programming.

References:
1. Raj Kumar Buyya, Object Oriented Programming with JAVA, McGrawHill,2009.
2. Herbert Schildt, Java A Beginner’s Guide – Create, Compile, and Run Java
ProgramsToday,6thEdition, Oracle Press, 2014.
3. Ken Arnold, James Gosling, “The Java Programming Language, Fourth Edition, AddisonWisely,2005.
4. HerbertSchildt,‘TheCompleteReferenceJava,7thEdition,McGrawHill,2007
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj
Database Management Systems

Introduction:
Data., information and knowledge. Characteristics of database approach, Data independence, Architecture
or database system, Data dictionary, Types of database language, database system life cycle, Overview of
hierarchical, network and relational model, Relations and Codd's rules, Concepts of keys, Relation Algebra
- Select, Project, Joins, Set operations, Update operations — tuple relational calculus, Relational Calculus
vs. relational algebra.. Data definition, date manipulation, view definition, nested queries, updation,
Embedded SQL, Handling of
Nulls and cursors,

Data Models:
Conceptual, Logical and Physical design, ER models, ER diagrams, Strong and weak entity sets.
Generalization. Specialization and Aggregation, Conversion of ER model into relational schemas

Normalization:
Normalization concepts, Functional dependencies and dependency preservation, Normal forms INF, 2NF,
3NF, BCNF, 4NF, 5NF, DKNF, Indexing, file organization, De-normalization. Clustering of tallies and
indexes.

Transaction Handling:
Transaction recovery, System recovery, two phase commit. concurrency problems, locking. deadlocks,
security, discretionary and mandatory access control, data encryption

References:
1. Introduction to Database System - C.J.Date
2. Database Systems — Mcfaddenet.al.
3. Database Concepts — Navatheetat.
4. Database Structured Techniques for Design Performance — S.Atre
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Introduction to Python

Unit I
Basics : Python Interpreter , writing code in Jupyter Notebook , Indentation , comments , importing a module
, binary operators , standard scalar data types , type casting , if - else statements , loops ( while , for) , pass ,
range , ternary expressions .

Unit II
Data Structures and Sequences : Tuples , Lists and slicing , Built - in Sequence functions , Dictionary , Sets;
List , Set , and Dict Comprehensions . Functions : Namespaces , Scope , and Local Functions ; Returning
Multiple Values .

Unit III
Functions : Anonymous ( Lambda ) Functions , Partial Argument Application , Generators . Objects and
Methods in Python.NumPy : creating N - dimensional arrays , arithmetic with NumPy arrays , basic indexing
and slicing , Psuedorandom number generation .

Unit IV
Pandas : Overview of Series and DataFrames , reading data from csv file , DataFrame operations- working
with data using functions like head , tail , info , shape , reshape , columns , isnull , dropna , mean , sum ,
describe , value_counts , corr , loc , iloc , apply . Unit V Matplotlib- plotting basic figures , subplots , line
plots , bar plots , histograms , scatter plots . Overview of Scikit - learn , SciPy , network. Basic Errors and
Exception handling. Basic File Handling. Applications of python.

References:
1. Python for Data Analysis : Data Wrangling with Pandas , NumPy , and Ipython , by Wes McKinney ,
O'Reilly Media , 2017
2. Python All - in - One for Dummies , by John Shovic and Alan Simpson , John Wiley & Sons , Inc. , 2019
3. Programming in Python 3 : A Complete Introduction to the Python Language , Mark Summerfield ,
Pearson .
4. Swaroop , C. H. ( 2003 ) . A Byte of Python.Python Tutorial .
5. Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python. By John V. Guttag , MIT Press .
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj
Software Engineering

Evolution & Scope of Software Engineering:

Introduction to Software Engineering Software development process, life Cycle models — Waterfall,
Spiral, Evolutionary, Prototype
Software Production Process:
Process Models - Methodologies; Standards estimation; Risk Analysis. Project scheduling; Quality
Plans; Project control
Software Testing:
Black box vs White Box, Testing in the large vs Testing in the small, System Testing; Debugging;
Validation vs Verification
Software Design:
Abstraction; Modularity; Cohesion; Coupling
Software Quality Assurance:
Quality Models; Software Quality Assurance Activities, Software configuration management; Software
Reliability; Introduction to SEI-CMM
Software Maintenance:
Maintenance concepts and tasks; Side effects; Reverse Engineering: Re-engineering

References:
1. Software Engineering: Ian Sommerville, Pearson Education
2. Software Engineering: R. S. Pressman, McGrawHill
3. An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering: Pankaj Jalote
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Operating System
Introduction:
Definition and types of Operating systems, Batch Systems, Multiprogramming, Time Sharing. Parallel,
Distributed and Real -Time Systems, Operating System Structure. Operating System components and
Services, System Calls, System Programs, Virtual Machines.
Process Management:
Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Cooperating Processes, Threads. Inter process Communication,
CPU Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms, Multiple-Processor Scheduling, Real-Time Scheduling
and Algorithm evaluation.
Process Synchronization and Deadlocks:
The Critical-Section Problem, Synchronization Hardware, Semaphores, Classical Problems of
Synchronization, Critical Regions, Monitors, Deadlocks-System Model, characterization, Deadlock
Prevention, Avoidance and Detection, Recovery from Deadlock, Combined approach to Deadlock
Handling.
Memory Management:
Logical and Physical Address Space. Swapping, Contiguous Allocation, Paging, Segmentation with
Paging, Virtual Memory, Demand Paging and its performance, Page Replacement Algorithms, Allocation
of Frames. Thrashing, Page Size and other considerations. Demand Segmentation.

File Management and Security:

File Systems, Secondary Storage Structure, File concept. Access methods. Directory implementation,
Efficiency and performance, Recovery,
Security: Safeguards, Penetration, Access and information flow control, Protection problems, Formal
models of protection
.
References:
1. Introduction of Operating Systems: Deitel
2. Operating System Concepts: Peterson and Silbershatz
3. Modern Operating Systems: Andrew S Tanenbaum
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Semester – V
Total Max.
Courses Core/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Code Elective
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230501T Major Multimedia and Graphics 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230502T Major Design and Analysis of Algorithm 3 1 - 4 25 75
B230503T Major Introduction to Data Science 3 1 - 4 25 75
B230504T Major Introduction to PHP 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230505P Major Practical/Lab Work - - 4 4 25 75
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Multimedia and Graphics

Introduction:
The Advantages of interactive Graphics, Representative Uses or Computer Graphics, Classification of
Hardware and software for Computer Graphics, Conceptual Framework for interactive Graphics,
Overview, Scan: Converting Lines, Converting Circles, Converting Ellipses
Display Technologies:
Raster-Scan Display System. Video Controller, Random-Scan Display Processor, Input Devices for
Operator Interaction, Image Scanners, Working Exposure on Graphics Tools like Dream Weaver, 3D
Effects. Clipping:

Geometrical Transformation:
2-D transformation, Homogeneous Coordinates and Matrix Representation of 2D Transformations,
Composition of 2D Transformations, Window-to Viewport Transformations.
Curves and Surfaces:
Parametricand non-parametric curves and their representations, Cubic splines, Bezier and B-splines,
Parametric surfaces, Surfaces of revolution, Sweep surfaces. Quadric surfaces, Bilinear surfaces, B- spline
and Bezier surfaces, Generalized cylinders and cones. Polygon mesh and wire-frames.

Multimedia:
Introduction to Multimedia. Multimedia Information, Multimedia Objects, Multimedia in business and
work, Convergence of Computer, Communication and Entertainment products, Multimedia hardware,
Memory &storage devices. Communication devices, Multimedia software's, presentation tools, Tools for
object generations, Video, Sound, Image capturing, Authoring tools, Card and page based authoring tools.
Multimedia Building Blocks- Text, Sound MIDI, Digital Audio, Audio file formats, MIDI, under windows
environment, Audio & Video Capture.

References:

1. Computer Graphics: Hem and Baker

2. Procedural elements in Computer Graphics: David F.Rogers
3. MathernaticalElementsfurComputerGraphics:DavidF,Rogersandl.A.Adams
4. Multimedia:Computing,Communications&Applications—Nahrstedt&Steinmetz. S. Computer
Speech Processing- FallsideF.
5. Speech Analysis, Synthesis & Perception - Flanagan. Hypertext &Hypermedia Nielsen J.
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Design and Analysis of Algorithm

Algorithm Analysis Techniques:

Recurrences: substitution. iteration and master methods. Divide-and-conquer: general approach, binary search.
Matrix multiplication. Greedy algorithms: general approach. Activity selection, knapsack problem, minimum-
spanning tree, Dijkstra's algorithm, Huffman code.
Dynamic Programming:
General approach, matrix-chain multiplication, all-pairs shortest paths, binary search tree, traveling
salesperson, Oil knapsack problem

Backtracking:
N-queen problem, sum of subsets, knapsack problem, generation of all cliques, traveling salesperson problem,
Graph coloring.
Lower Bound Theory:
Decision tree, Reduction method; Amortized analysis; NP-completeness; Approximation algorithms

References:
1, Fundamental of Computer algorithms - Horowitz andSahni
2 Design Methods and Analysis of Algorithms — S.K.Bosu
3. The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms — Aho, Hopcraft and Ullman
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj
Introduction to Data Science

Unit I
Introduction to Data Science – Evolution of Data Science – Data Science Roles – Stages in a Data Science Project
– Applications of Data Science in various fields – Data Security Issues.
Unit II
Data Collection and Data Pre-Processing Data Collection Strategies – Data Pre-Processing Overview – Data
Cleaning – Data Integration and Transformation – Data Reduction – Data Discretization.
Unit III
Exploratory Data Analytics Descriptive Statistics – Mean, Standard Deviation, Skewness and Kurtosis – Box
Plots – Pivot Table – Heat Map – Correlation Statistics – ANOVA.
Model Development Simple and Multiple Regression – Model Evaluation using Visualization – Residual Plot –
Distribution Plot – Polynomial Regression and Pipelines – Measures for In-sample Evaluation – Prediction and
Decision Making.
Unit IV
Model Evaluation Generalization Error – Out-of-Sample Evaluation Metrics – Cross Validation – Overfitting –
Under Fitting and Model Selection – Prediction by using Ridge Regression – Testing Multiple Parameters by
using Grid Search.

References:
1. JojoMoolayil, “Smarter Decisions : The Intersection of IoT and Data Science”, PACKT, 2016.
2. Cathy O’Neil and Rachel Schutt , “Doing Data Science”, O'Reilly, 2015.
3. David Dietrich, Barry Heller, Beibei Yang, “Data Science and Big data Analytics”, EMC 2013
4. Raj, Pethuru, “Handbook of Research on Cloud Infrastructures for Big Data Analytics”, IGI Global.
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Introduction to PHP

Unit I : Introduction to PHP:

History of PHP, Features Merits and Demerits of PHP, General structure of PHP, Displaying Output, Escaping
Special Characters, Comments, Variables – (Declaring, Assigning, Destroying), Datatypes, Setting and Testing
Datatypes – Constants -Operators (Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Assignment, Concatenation) –
Superglobal variables

Unit II : PHP Basics:

Control structures – Looping structures - 1-D Array & its manipulation (Storing Data, Assigning, Accessing
Array Elements, Displaying) - User-Defined Functions, Function Scope

Unit III : Advanced PHP and Form Interaction:

Working with Number, Strings functions, Working with Dates and Time –Creating tables using PhpMyAdmin,
Interaction with HTML form, Validating HTML Form - Error checking or Exiting – Introduction to Regular
Expression, File handling

Unit IV : Database programming and PHP:

Introduction to MySQL: Features, Merits and Demerits - MySQL data types and constraints -Working with
Forms PHP and MySQL Integration – Basic SQL Commands (Insert, Update, Delete, Select) – MySQL
functions (mysql_connect, mysql_select_db, mysql_query, mysql_num_rows, mysql_fetch_array,
mysql_fetch_field, mysql_close) – Generating reports using PHP and MySQL - Introduction and use of Session
- Introduction and use of Cookies

References:
1. PHP – A Beginner’s guide, Vikram Vaswani, TMH 2009
2. Web enabled commercial application development using HTML, Javascript, DHTML and PHP by Ivan
Bayross, BPB Publication.
3. Beginning PHP5 By Dave Mercer, Allan Kent, Steven Nowicki, David Mercer, DanSquier, Wankyu
Choi, Wrox Publication
4. Professional PHP by Castagnetto Jesus, Shroff Publication
Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Semester – VI
Total Max.
Courses/ Credits
Courses/ Papers Title Credit Marks.- 100
Papers
L T P MM=20 CIE ETE
B230601T Major Cloud Computing 3 1 - 4 25 75
B230602T Major Data Mining 3 - 1 4 25 75
B230603T Major Soft Computing 3 1 - 4 25 75
B230604R Major Major Research Project - - 8 8 100
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Cloud Computing
Understanding Cloud:
Origin and influences, A brief History, Definitions, Business Drivers, Technology Innovations, Clustering Grid
Computing, Virtualization, Technology Innovations vs. Enabling Technologies, Roles and Boundaries , Cloud
Consumer, Cloud Service Owner, Cloud Characteristics , On-Demand Usage , Ubiquitous Access Multitenancy
(and Resource Pooling) , Elasticity , Measured Usage , Resiliency

Cloud Delivery and cloud deployment models:

Cloud Delivery Models, Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) , Platform-as-a Service (PaaS), Software-as-a-
Service (SaaS), Comparing Cloud Delivery Models , Combining Cloud Delivery Models , IaaS + PaaS , IaaS
+ PaaS + SaaS , Cloud Deployment Models . Public Clouds , Community Clouds, Private Clouds, Hybrid
Clouds, Other Cloud Deployment Models

Cloud Models:
Introduction, Storage as a service, Amazon storage services, Compute as a service Amazon elastic compute
cloud(EC2) , Cloud System matrix, Platform as Service, Windows Azure, Google Apps Engine, Amazon Web
services, Software as a Service CRM as a service, sales force.com

Data Center:
Introduction to Data center, Virtualization, Standardization and modularity, Automation, Remote operation and
management, Data center Security and facilities, Computing hardware, storage hardware, Network hardware
,LANfabric , SANfabric, NAS gateways.

Cloud Virtualization Technologies: Server Virtualization, Hypervisor based Virtualization, Hardware

support Virtualization, VMware Virtualization software, Storage Virtualization, Hardware independence,
Server Consolidation, Resource replication, Virtualization Management, Hypervisor clustering architecture.

Reference Books:

1. Cloud computing for dummies- Judith Hurwitz , Robin Bloor , Marcia Kaufman ,Fern Halper, Wiley
Publishing, Inc, 2010
2. Cloud Computing (Principles and Paradigms), Edited by Rajkumar Buyya, James Broberg
Andrzej Goscinski, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2011
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Data Mining
Unit I
Introduction to Data Mining: Introduction to data mining-Data mining functionalities-Steps in data mining
process- Classification of data mining systems, Major issues in data mining. Data Wrangling and Preprocessing:
Data Preprocessing: An overview-Data cleaning-Data transformation and Data discretization
Unit II
Predictive Modeling: General approach to classification-Decision tree induction Bayes classification methods-
advanced classification methods: Bayesian belief networks- Classification by Backpropagation- Support Vector
Machines-Lazy learners
Unit III
Descriptive Modeling: Types of data in cluster analysis-Partitioning methods Hierarchical methods-Advanced
cluster analysis: Probabilistic model-based clustering- Clustering high- dimensional data-Outlier analysis
Unit IV
Discovering Patterns and Rules: Frequent Pattern Mining: Basic Concepts and a Road Map - Efficient and
scalable frequent item set mining methods: Apriori algorithm, FP-Growth algorithm- Mining frequent item sets
using vertical data format- Mining closed and max patterns- Advanced Pattern Mining: Pattern Mining in
Multilevel, Multidimensional Space
Unit V
Data Mining Trends and Research Frontiers: Other methodologies of data mining: Web mining- Temporal
mining-Spatial mining-Statistical data mining Visual and audio data mining- Data mining applications- Data
mining and society: Ubiquitous and invisible data mining- Privacy, Security, and Social Impacts of data mining

Reference Books:
1. Ian.H.Witten, Eibe Frank and Mark.A.Hall, Data Mining:Practical Machine Learning Tools and
Techniques,third edition , 2017
2. Alex Berson and Stephen J. Smith, Data Warehousing, Data Mining & OLAP, Tata McGraw Hill Edition,
Tenth Reprint, 2008.
3. Hand, D., Mannila, H. and Smyth, P. Principles of Data Mining, MIT Press: Massachusets. third edition,
Pearson, 2013
 Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Prayagraj

Soft Computing

Unit I
Introduction to Soft Computing, Introduction to Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy membership functions, Operations on Fuzzy
sets, Fuzzy relations, Fuzzy propositions, Fuzzy implications, Fuzzy inferences

Unit II
Defuzzyfication Techniques-I, Defuzzyfication Techniques-II, Fuzzy logic controller-I, Fuzzy logic controller-
II, Solving optimization problems, Concept of GA, GA Operators: Encoding, GA Operators: Selection-I

Unit III
GA Operators: Selection-II, GA Operators: Crossover-I, GA Operators: Crossover-II, GA Operators: Mutation,
Introduction to EC-I, Introduction to EC-II, MOEA Approaches: Non-Pareto, MOEA Approaches: Pareto-I,.

Unit IV
MOEA Approaches: Pareto-II, Introduction to ANN, ANN Architecture, ANN Training-I, ANN Training-II,
ANN Training-III, Applications of ANN

Reference Books:
1. An Introduction to Genetic Algorithm Melanic Mitchell (MIT Press)
2. Principles of Soft Computing- S.N.Deepa
3. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications Timothy J. Ross (Wiley)
4. Neural Networks and Learning Machines Simon Haykin (PHI)