English for Communication

Lab Manual
English for Communication
(BT-103)

I Semester (CS A, B, C)

Chameli Devi Group

of Institutions, Indore
English for Communication

CHAMELI DEVI GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS INDORE

Department of
Engineering Science & Humanities

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. /Ms. ……………………………………………………………… with RGTU

Enrollment No. 0832 ..…………………………..has satisfactorily completed the course of experiments in

…………………….……………………………………………...………laboratory, as prescribed by Rajiv

Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal for………Semester of the ………………………………………

Department

During Year 2021-22

Signature of

Faculty In-charge
English for Communication

Communicative Language Laboratory BT103

Course objective: The student will acquire basic proficiency in English including reading and
listening comprehension, writing and speaking skills. The language laboratory focuses on the
practice of English through audio-visual aids and Computer software. It intends to enable the
students to speak English correctly with confidence and intends to help them to overcome their
inhibitions and self –consciousness while speaking in English.
Topics to be covered in the Language laboratory sessions:
1. Listening Comprehension.
2. Pronunciation, Intonation, Rhythm
3. Practicing everyday dialogues in English
4. Interview
5. Formal Presentation
English for Communication

Expt. No. Name of the Activity Date of Signature of

Conduction Faculty-
in-Charge

1 Listening Skills (Session-1)

Listening Skills (Session-2)

2

3 Pronunciation

4 Intonation, Rhythm

5 Practicing everyday dialogues in

English(Session-1)

6 Practicing everyday dialogues in

English(Session-2)

7 Interview Skills

8 Resume Writing

9 Presentation Skills

10 Presentation Skills: (Verbal &

NonverbalCommunication)
English for Communication

Listening Skills (Session-1)

What is listening?

Listening is an essential skill in every aspect of our lives, from maintaining relationships to
doing household chores, taking notes in class, and finding the right bus to the airport. For
successful hearing, it is important to understand that listening is not just about listening to
the words addressed to us. Listening is an active process of understanding, assessing and
responding to what we have heard. The listening process has five phases: reception,
understanding, evaluation, memory, and response. Effective listeners hear and identify
speech sounds addressed to them, understand the messages of these sounds, critically
evaluate or rate this message, remember what was said, and receive information.

Types of Listening Styles

There are some exclusive techniques of powerful listening, and everyone is applicable to
particular circumstances. Here are descriptions of the primary varieties of listening and the
eventualities in that you might be probably to apply them:

1. Discriminative listening: Discriminatory listening is the first form of listening in which

humans develop as babies. This basic type of listening precedes the understanding of words
and relies on intonation and other subtle sounds to understand meaning and intent. Babies
do not understand words, but rely on discriminatory listening to understand who is
speaking and how they feel. As an adult, you can rely on discriminatory listening when the
people around you speak a foreign language that you do not understand. Even if you lack
language skills to understand the spoken words, you can still rely on voice tone and
intonation to infer vague meanings. If you can only rely on discriminatory listening, the
speaker's mannerism, facial expressions, and body language will help you understand the
speaker's message.

2. Comprehensive listening: Comprehensive listening is the next step up from critical

listening, which most people learn in early infancy. To understand what is being
communicated through a speaker's words, comprehensive listening necessitates basic
language skills and vocabulary. The term "comprehensive listening" refers to all of the
different types of listening that critical listeners engage in. People employ comprehensive
hearing along with verbal signals to understand what messages are being transmitted to
them.
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3. Informational listening: When people are seeking to learn something, they utilise
informational listening (or informative listening). To learn new concepts and comprehend
technical jargon, informational listening builds on fundamental comprehensive listening
and demands a high level of concentration and participation. Informational listening is
more concerned with critical thinking and following a logical sequence as it is
communicated than with the emotional content of what is being said. It's critical to pay
attention and use informative listening skills when trying to master crucial abilities that are
being taught to you.

4. Critical listening: When people are attempting to understand and judge difficult
information that is being given to them, they use critical listening. If you're problem-
solving at work and attempting to decide whether you agree with an idea offered by one of
your coworkers, you might utilize critical listening. The term "critical" has several
connotations, but in this case it merely signifies that you are examining data rather than
making judgment.
5. Biased listening: Biased hearing (also known as selective listening) is a sort of listening
in which a person only listens for information that they wish to hear. Biased hearing differs
from critical listening in that the listener is looking for confirmation of previously held
biases rather than examining the veracity of the speaker's beliefs. People are frequently
unaware that they are listening in a biased manner. In the mind of a listener who is not
tuned in to what a speaker tries to impart, biased listening can lead to a distortion of facts.
6. Sympathetic listening: Sympathetic listening is an emotionally-driven form of
interpersonal listening in which a listener examines the speaker's feelings and emotions
while also attempting to provide support and understanding. When a child tells you about
a problem at school, you can practice empathetic listening. In this scenario, you employ
sympathetic listening to help the youngster feel heard and to provide support and comfort.
When attempting to build a strong connection with another person, especially when that
person is undergoing difficulty, sympathetic listening is a crucial sort of listening to adopt.
7. Therapeutic listening or Empathetic listening: Therapeutic or empathic listening is a
type of listening in which the listener strives to understand the speaker's point of view and
imagines oneself in the speaker's shoes. Empathetic listening (also known as empathic
hearing) takes sympathetic listening a step further by allowing the listener to relate to the
speaker's experience as if it were their own.
English for Communication

Stages of Listening:
The receiving stage: Receiving is the first stage of the listening process, which entails
hearing and paying attention. The physiological process of recording sound waves as they
strike the eardrum is known as hearing. As basic as it may seem, we must first be able to
physically hear what we're listening to in order to successfully gather information through
listening. Our ability to listen will be hampered if we have a hearing loss. Excessive noise
in the environment might make receiving audible sound waves difficult.
The understanding stage:
Through a process known as decoding, the listener determines the context and meanings of
the words that are heard during the comprehension stage. When the listener's interpretation
of the context and meanings of the words fits the speaker's message, this is known as
understanding or comprehension. Asking questions to fill in any gaps in your mental
reconstruction of the speaker's message is one strategy for better grasping their meaning.
The evaluating stage:
The listener evaluates the information they received, both qualitatively and numerically,
during this step of the listening process. Evaluating enables the listener to create an opinion
about what they've heard and, if necessary, to start formulating a response.
When the audience fully comprehends what the speaker is attempting to express, the
assessing stage can begin. A listener can evaluate a speaker's message without becoming
bogged down in ambiguities or wasting time and energy on things that are tangential or
otherwise non-essential if they have a clear comprehension of the speaker's message.

The remembering stage:

The remembering stage of the hearing process happens when the listener categorizes and
retains the information obtained from the speaker for future use. If the listener has been
paying attention, comprehending, and assessing, the consequence is likely to be stored
memory, which allows the listener to keep track of persons, objects, and events for later
recollection. This occurs during and after the speaker's presentation.

The responding stage:

The responding stage of the hearing process is when the listener responds verbally and/or
nonverbally based on short- and long-term memory. Nonverbal reactions like nodding or
eye contact allow the listener to express attention without interrupting the speaker,
retaining the speaker/listener roles. The speaker/listener roles are temporarily flipped when
a listener responds verbally to what they hear and remember—for example, with a question
or a comment.
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Activities

1. Faculty will explain types and stages of listening then students will be assigned task of
listening comprehension on software.

Questions for Viva

Q.1What are the 3 basic skills of listening?

Q.2What are the five listening skills?
Q.3What are effective listening skills?
English for Communication

Listening Skills (Session-2)

Difference between Listening & Hearing:

Listening and hearing may be both sensed through our ears but beyond that listening is very
different to hearing. Hearing is simply the notion that multiple noises are passing through our
ear, whereas listening is the process of analyzing each portion of the sound and deciphering
what it means. As a result, listening leads to comprehension, whereas hearing does not. Apart
from that, listening necessitates focus and attention, both of which require our brain to work.
Hearing, on the other hand, is more of a sense. When someone provides us an oral
instruction, it's usually a good idea to listen rather than just hear. The terms "hearing" and
"listening" are not interchangeable. Hearing is the reception of sound at this stage, whereas
listening is the assigning of meaning to what has been heard.

Always use our ears to listen, not just to hear the words, if we want to grasp and absorb
knowledge.

In brief: Hearing is the experience of sounds through the ear, whereas listening is the process
of understanding the meaning of the sounds. Listening is essential for learning and
comprehension. Hearing is a God-given capacity, whereas listening is a skill that must be
constantly developed and practiced.
English for Communication

The common differences between Listening & Hearing are as follows:

S.No. Listening Hearing

1. Listening is an active process. Hearing is a passive process.
Listening means listening with Hearing implies just a perceiving the
2. understanding whatever we are listening. sounds.

Listening is an act that requires conscious Hearing is just an effortless activity.

3. efforts, concentration & interest.

4. Listening is an act of deliberation. Hearing is a physical act that is done by ear.

Listening occurs when the brain acts & In hearing the ear drums are vibrated by
5. reconstructs the electro chemical waves by sound waves. But there is no activity in the
adding a particular meaning to the sound. brain.
Listening is done with mind through ears. Hearing is done with ears only.
6.
Listening is effective when attention is During hearing no attention or less attention
7. given to the both verbal & non-verbal is given towards the verbal or non-verbal
message of sender. message.
Here more involvement of body language Less or even no involvement of body
8. is possible. language is possible.
There is an active part on behalf of the There is no active part played on behalf of
9. listener who constructs the overall the hearer.
message exchanged between him & the
speaker.
Listening requires conscious efforts such Hearing is an unconscious activity.
10. as interpreting sounds, grasping the
meanings of words & reacting to the
message.
English for Communication

Activities

1. Students will discuss about themselves in pair, after discussion each pair will come and
speak about his conversational partner.
2. Elaborate in detail the importance of Listening and demerits of Hearing.

Questions for Viva

Q.1How can one sharpen his/her listening skills?
Q.2What are the essential elements of listening?
Q.3What are the 10 principles of listening?
English for Communication

Pronunciation

What is Pronunciation?
The way a word or a language is uttered is referred to as pronunciation. This might
refer to generally agreed-upon sound sequences used in pronouncing a given word or
language in a specific dialect ("proper pronunciation"), or simply the way a person
speaks a word or language.
The origins of disputed or extensively mispronounced terms, such as city and town
names, are usually proven by the sources from which they derive.
Individuals or groups can speak a word in a variety of ways, based on a variety of
circumstances such as the duration of their cultural exposure as childhood, the area of
their present home, speech or vocal issues, ethnic group, socioeconomic class, or
education.
It refers to the sound and stress patterns of a syllable, word, phrase, or other unit of
speech. It is the standard treatment of a language's sounds or a phonetic transcription of
a given word, sound, or other entity. The way we pronounce words is referred to as
"pronunciation.
We push air from our lungs up through our throat and vocal chords, into our mouth, past our
tongue, and out between our teeth and lips to pronounce words. (Occasionally, air passes via
our nostrils as well.)

To control the shape of our mouth and the flow of air, we primarily employ our mouth
muscles, tongue, and lips. Our speech will be clearer and others will be able to hear us
more readily if we can regulate the contour of our mouth and the movement of air
correctly.

For proper pronunciation, speakers of various languages acquire different mouth

muscles. Our muscles may not be adequately formed for speaking a foreign language,
making pronunciation more challenging. Our muscles develop and our pronunciation
improves as a result of practicing foreign language pronunciation.

There are other crucial parts of pronunciation in addition to making precise vowel and
consonant sounds with our mouth, tongue, and lips.
English for Communication

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system in which each symbol

corresponds to a certain English sound. You can learn exactly how to pronounce a word
in English by utilizing IPA. Whether you learn English on your own or with a trained
teacher in an individual English Accent Training class, this will help you improve your
English pronunciation and feel more confident speaking in English. We also offer
immersion classes in London and online English training in virtual groups.
Here are some examples of IPA in everyday English terms. By saying the words, you
can practice various vowel and consonant sounds. This is one method for improving
your English pronunciation.
IPA sound samples are available for download (PDF) International Phonetic Alphabet
Sounds in Everyday Speech
Short Vowels

IPA Symbol Word examples

e Went, intend, send, letter.

æ Cat, hand, nap, flat, have.

ʌ Fun, love, money, one, London, come.

ʊ Put, look, should, cook, book, look.

ɒ Rob, top, watch, squat, sausage.

ə Alive, again, mother.

English for Communication
Long Vowels

IPA Symbol Word examples

i: Need, beat, team.

ɜ: Nurse, heard, third, turn.

ɔ: Talk, law, bored, yawn, jaw.

u: Few, boot, lose, gloomy, fruit, chew.

ɑ: Fast, car, hard, bath.

English for Communication
Diphthong Vowels

IPA Symbol Word examples

ɪə Near, ear, clear, tear, beer, fear

eə Hair, there, care, stairs, pear

eɪ Face, space, rain , case, eight

ɔɪ Joy, employ, toy, coil, oyster.

aɪ My, sight, pride, kind, flight

əʊ No, don’t, stones, alone, hole

aʊ Mouth, house, brown, cow, out

Consonants Sounds: Fricatives

IPA Symbol Word examples

f Full, Friday, fish, knife.

v Vest, village, view, cave.

θ Thought, think, Bath.

ð There, those, brothers, others.

z Zoo, crazy, lazy, zigzag, nose.

ʃ Shirt, rush, shop, cash.

ʒ Television, delusion, casual

h High, help, hello.

English for Communication

Consonants Sounds: Plosives

IPA Symbol Word examples

p Pin, cap, purpose, pause.

b Bag, bubble, build, robe.

t Time, train, tow, late.

d Door, day, drive, down, feed.

k Cash, quick, cricket, sock.

g Girl, green, grass, flag.

Consonants Sounds: Affricates

IPA Symbol Word examples

ʈʃ Choose, cheese, church, watch.

English for Communication

dʒ Joy, juggle, juice, stage.

Consonants Sounds: Nasals

IPA Symbol Word examples

m Room, mother, mad, more.

n Now, nobody, knew, turn.

ŋ King, thing, song, swimming.

English for Communication

Activities
Q1. Students will listen the pronunciation of the words on the software and
repeat those words loudly:

Questions for Viva

Q1. Elaborate ‘Pronunciation’ in detail.
Q2. How can correct Pronunciation can make or mar your communication?
Q3. What exercises one should perform to improve one’s ‘Pronunciation’?
English for Communication

Intonation & Rhythm

Intonation:
The way the pitch of your voice rises and falls when you speak or sing is known as
intonation.

Intonation is essentially a matter of voice pitch variation (see also tone), although emphasis
and rhythm are also important in languages like English. Intonation conveys changes in
expressive meaning, such as astonishment, rage, or caution.
In several languages, including English, intonation is used to distinguish between different
types of phrases or sentences. "Your name is John?" with a rising intonation (high final
pitch) implies a query; "Your name is John?" with a medium pitch and a lower one (falling
intonation) is a simple affirmation. In general, tonality refers to the rise and fall of our
voice when speaking. The pattern or melody of pitch variations in connected speech,
particularly the pitch pattern of a sentence, distinguishes different types of sentences or
speakers from different linguistic cultures.
The use of altering (rising and falling) vocal pitch to express grammatical information or
personal attitude is known as intonation in speech. In spoken English, intonation is very
crucial when expressing queries. Take the sentence "When does the meeting begin?" for
example. When you say the word "start," including the question mark, it rises up or comes
up in your voice.

The Musicality of Language

Intonation is the melody or music of a language, says David Crystal, author of "A Little
Book of Language." Intonation refers to the way your voice rises and falls as you speak,
as in,
"It's raining, isn't it? (or 'in nit,' perhaps)"
In this sentence, you're not really asking a question: You're telling the listener that it's
raining, so you give your speech a "telling" melody. The pitch-level of your voice falls and
you sound as if you know what you're talking about, and of course, you do, so you're making a
statement. But now imagine that you don't know if it's raining, says Crystal. You think
there might be a shower outside, but you're unsure, so you ask someone to check. You use
the same words, but the musicality of your voice makes a different point,as in,
English for Communication

"It's raining, isn't it?"

Now you're asking the person, so you give your speech an "asking" melody, says Crystal.
The pitch-level of your voice rises, and you sound as if you're asking a question.

Pitch and Chunking:

To understanding intonation, you must first understand two key terms: pitch and chunking.
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, pitch is,

"The amount of vibrations per second produced by the vocal chords determines the relative
highness or lowness of a tone as perceived by the ear."

Everyone's voice has varied levels of pitch, according to Study.com:

"While some people are more prone to a higher pitch than others, we can all modify our
timbre depending on who we're talking to and why."

Timbre is a sound property that identifies one voice or musical instrument from another or
one vowel sound from another, and is determined by the sound's harmonics. The musicality
of your voice and how you use that musicality or timbre to transmit message are referred to
as pitch.
According to the University of Technology (UTS) in Sydney, chunking—and pausing—
packages information for the listener. Speakers break up their speech into chunks, which
might be single words or groups of words, to convey a thought or idea, or to concentrate on
material they believe is important. An example of chunking from UTS is as follows:

"Does it matter whether they speak with an accent or not as long as they can be
understood?"

Types of Intonation:

Another important aspect of intonation is how your voice rises and falls. Your voice rises and
falls in a melodic way to express a sense of meaning, just as a musical instrument's tone rises
and falls as a competent performer creates a tune to convey a sense of mood. Consider the
following excerpt from Russell Banks' piece "Adultery," which appeared in the April/May
1986 edition of Mother Jones.
English for Communication

"I mean what the hell? Right?"

The speaker's voice rises and falls in the separate chunks in these two brief sentences, as
follows;
"I mean /What thehell? / Right?" //

As the speaker says the first chunk—"I mean"—the voice falls. Then, during the second
phrase—"What the heck?"—the voice rises, almost like climbing a melodic ladder with
each word. The speaker does this to express outrage. Then, with one the last word—
"Right?"—the speaker's voice climbs even higher, similar to hitting the elusive high C in
music. This is almost like pushing the sentence to the listener—handing it off if you will—
so that the listener will agree with the speaker.

And, in the article, the listener does indeed agree with the speaker, by responding with,

"Yes, right."

The response is spoken with falling intonation, almost as if the listener is giving in and
accepting the dictate of the speaker. By the end of the word "right," the responder's voicehas
dropped so much it's almost as if the person is giving in.
In other words, intonation is the act of chunking utterances (and responses) in order to
transmit meaning bundles. The speaker's initial statement (often a question) may rise and
fall in tone, but it usually increases at the end as the sentence or question is passed on to the
listener.
English for Communication

Activities

Q1. Intonation Exercises: Practice Different Tones with Common Words on the software.

Q2. In these intonation exercises, you are going to look at extremely common words thatyou
use all the time while speaking English.

Q3. You can start by saying a word neutrally, so that they are clear and easy to
understand without any particular rising or falling tone.

Q4. Then you have to practice these words with normal rising and falling intonation.

Q5. From there, you have to increase the rise or the fall in order to express more
intense emotions.

Q6. At the end, practice them all together so that you can observe the difference.
English for Communication

Rhythm

Rhythm is the positioning of sounds in time in music. Rhythm (Greek rhythmos, derived
from rhein, "to flow") is an organized alternation of contrasting parts in its broadest sense.
Rhythm can also be found in nature and other arts (e.g., poetry, painting, sculpture, and
architecture) (e.g., biological rhythms).

Attempts to define rhythm in music have resulted in much debate, owing to the fact that
rhythm is frequently associated with one or more of its constituent, but not entirely distinct,
aspects, such as accent, meter, and pace. On the nature and movement of rhythm, as with
the closely connected themes of verse and meter, opinions vary greatly, at least among
poets and linguists. Theories that demand "periodicity" as a sine qua non of rhythm are
countered by theories that contain no repetitive movement configurations, such as in prose
or plainchant.
A "movement marked by" is what rhythm refers to in general. Rhythm is a "movement
characterized by a regular succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or
contrasting situations" in general. This broad definition of regular recurrence or pattern in
time can be applied to a wide range of cyclical natural occurrences with periodicities or
frequencies ranging from microseconds to several seconds (as in a rock music riff), to
many minutes or hours, or even years.
Rhythm is defined as the arrangement of one or more unaccented beats in relation to an
accented beat. Only until the elements of a rhythmic group are distinguished from one
another can it be understood; rhythm...always entails an interaction between a single,
accented (strong) beat and one or two unaccented (weak) beats.

Rhythm is the effect created in a play, film, novel, or other work by combining or arranging
formal elements.
English for Communication

Activities

Q1. Make a speech on any of the topic prescribed by your faculty with proper
Rhythm, You will be given marks on the ground of Rhythm you have maintained in
your speech.

Q2. Elaborate the importance of Rhythm while communicating.

Q3. Take a speech; deliver it twice once in proper Rhythm and then without Rhythm, other
students will have to point out the difference in both the speech.
English for Communication

Practicing Everyday Dialogues in English (Session-1)

Dialogue1: Formal greetings

Ravi: Good morning, Professor Tambe, how are you doing?

Professor Tambe: Good morning, Ravi. I am doing well. And you?

Ravi: I’m great, thank you. This is my friend Manthan. She is thinking about applying
to thiscollege. She has a few questions. Would you mind telling us about the process, please?

Professor Tambe: Hello, Emma! It’s a pleasure to meet you. I’m more than happy to speak
withyou. Please stop by my office next week.

Manthan: It’s a pleasure to meet you, professor. Thank you so much for helping us.

Professor Tambe : Don’t mention it. Hopefully, I will be able to answer your questions!
Tips:

The greetings good morning/good afternoon/good evening are used at different times of
the day to greet people. “Good evening” is often used after 6 p.m. or generally when the
sun has set.
“Good night” is not a greeting: It is used when leaving a place or group of people in the
night. Thank you and good night!/Good night, and see you tomorrow.
When people meet in the United States, it is customary for them to shake hands. A
handshake should be firm and usually lasts for about two to three seconds — which
allows enough time to say “Nice to meet you.”
“Don’t mention it” is another way of saying “You’re welcome.” The phrase “You are
welcome” is more formal. However, responses such as Don’t mention it./No problem./
Happy to help are informal ways of responding to a thank you.
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Dialogue 2: Informal greetings and farewells

Vivek: Hi, Helen! How’s it going?

Pritesh: Fine, thanks — and you?

Vivek: Just fine! Where are you off to?

Pritesh: To the library, I am having my Physics Paper tomorrow and I have to make preparation
for it.

Vivek: Oh, no. Well, I’ll see you later then. Good luck!
Pritesh: Thanks. See you later.

Tips:
“Hi” is an informal way of saying “hello.” Notice that the “i” sound in “hi” is extended, to
showthat Jane is very pleased to see Helen.

“How’s it going?” is an informal way of saying “How are you?”

“Fine, thanks! And you?” Notice the rising intonation on “and you?” This shows that
Vivek isinterested in what Pritesh is saying.

“Where are you off to?” is an informal way of saying “Where are you going?”
Notice the falling intonation since this is an information question, not a “yes/no”
question.

‘To the library’, Notice that Vivek does not say “I’m going” here because that
informationwas already established in the question “Where are you off to?”

“Oh, no” is a way of saying “I sympathize with you” or “I understand you are not

happy.”“See you later” is an informal way of saying “goodbye.”

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Dialogue 3: Formal introductions

Preeti: Mr. Wilson, I’d like you to meet Dr. Smith.

Mr. Wilson: It’s nice to meet you, Dr. Smith.
Dr. Smith: Pleasure to meet you, too.
Preeti: Dr. Smith is an economist. He just finished writing a book on
international trade.
Mr. Wilson: Oh? That’s my field, too. I work for the United Nations.
Dr. Smith.: In the Development Program, by any chance?
Mr. Wilson: Yes. How did you guess?
Dr. Smith: I’ve read your articles on technical assistance. They’re excellent.

Tips:
Mr. Wilson, I’d like you … Notice the rising intonation on “Mr. Wilson,” which is
used to address someone. Listen for the “d” in “I’d like.” This means I would like,
which is very different from I like. (“I’d like” means the same as “I would like”
or “I want.”)

Dr. Smith is an economist. Notice the stress on “economist.” This content word has
new information, so it is emphasized. There are four syllables in “economist,” with the
stress on the second syllable (e-CON-o-mist).

He just finished writing … “just” means the very recent past. “Just” is usually
used with a simple past verb because the action is complete. However, it can also be
used with the present perfect (He’s just finished writing …).
Development-program, since these two words make a compound noun, the
main stress fallson “development.”
By any chance? Means the same as “possibly.” Notice the rising intonation,
which is usedin yes/no questions to confirm that something is true.
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Dialogue 4: Informal Introductions

Gaurav: Who’s the tall woman next to Preeti?

Disha: That’s her friend Mary. Didn’t you meet her at Sunil’s party?

Gaurav: No, I wasn’t at Sunil’s party.

Disha: Oh! Then let me introduce you to her now. Preeti, this is my friend Gaurav.

Preeti: Hi, Gaurav. Nice to meet you.

Gaurav: Me, too. Would you like a drink?

Preeti: Sure, let’s go get one.

Tips:
“Who’s” is the contracted form of who is. It is pronounced the same way as “whose” (/
huwz/),but the meaning is different.

Didn’t you meet her …? Notice that this is a negative question. Charles thought that
Jim had met Mary before. He is now surprised that Jim does not know Mary, and so
he uses a negative question to show his surprise.

I wasn’t at Steve’s party. Notice that the emphasis here is on “at” although prepositions
normally have weak stress. In this case, “at” means “there” (I wasn’t there).

Preeti, this is my friend Gaurav. This is a friendly way to introduce two people. It’s
common to follow this with “Gaurav, this is Preeti.” In this case, Preeti says “Hi,
Gaurav”first.
Nice to meet you. This is a typical response after you’ve been introduced to someone.
“Sure” is often used in informal conversation to mean “yes.”
English for Communication

Dialogue 5: What Time Is It?

Nisha: What time is it? We’re going to be late!

Tinku: It’s a quarter after seven. We’re on time. Don’t panic.

Nisha: But I thought we had to be the restaurant by 7:30 for the surprise party. We’ll never
make it there with all this evening traffic.

Tinku: Sure we will. Rush hour is almost over.

Anyway, the party starts at 8:00. But I do need help with directions. Can you call the
restaurant and ask them where we park our car?

Tips:

In the dialog, Nisha and Tinku are going to a surprise party. They need to be on time.
Therefore there is an element of stress and urgency. When someone is stressed for time
you can use expressions like: Don’t worry. / Don’t stress. / We’re fine. / We will be on
time.
Nisha thinks the surprise party begins at 7:30. There are two different ways
to express this time. You may say simply “seven thirty” or “half past
seven.”

Rush hour is the time of day—usually in the morning and evening—when traffic is
heavy because of people commuting to and from their workplace by bus, by car,
by subway, on foot, etc.
English for Communication

Dialogue6: Weather Report

JENNIFER: It’s freezing outside! What happened to the weather report? I thought
thiscold front was supposed to pass.

GABRIELA: Yeah, I thought so too. That’s what I read online this morning.

JENNIFER: I guess the wind chill is really driving down the temperature.

GABRIELA: Can we go inside? I feel like my toes are starting to go numb.

Tips:

A “cold front” means a large mass of cold air. It can be plural: There were multiple cold
frontsthis January.

Here “supposed to” refers to something that is intended or expected to happen:

I thought it was supposed to rain today. This phrase can be used for many situations:
I thought the train was supposed to arrive at 9:00 a.m. sharp.

Yeah / Yup / Uh huh are informal conversational cues used by native speakers in
conversation. Each of these responses could be used here for “yes.” Gabriela affirms what
Jennifer is saying. The most polite way to affirm a response is to say “yes.”

Listen for the emphasis on “That’s what I read online this morning.” This useful
phrase can be used with other verbs to convey information: That’s what I heard on
theradio. /That’s what I saw on TV. / That’s what I read online.
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Dialogue7: Coincidences

MEG: Well, hello there, Julia! Long time no see!

JULIA: Meg! Hi! What a coincidence! I haven’t seen you in ages! What are you doing here?

MEG: I just got a new job in the city, so I’m shopping for some clothes. Hey, what do you
think ofthis shirt?

JULIA: Hmmm … well, you know how much I love blue. See? I’ve got the same

shirt!MEG: You always did have good taste! What a small world.

Tips:

Well, hello there … Notice the emphasis on “hello,” which shows that Meg did not
expect to see Julia.
Long time, no see! This is a common expression used to say hello to someone you
haven’t seen in a long time.
What a ! This exclamation shows a great degree of surprise, joy, disappointment, etc.
(What a surprise to see you here! What a joy to have you with us! What a shame that you
have to leave so soon! What a wonderful idea that is!)
English for Communication

Dialogue 7: Can You Say That Again?

Luke: Hello? Hi, Stephanie, how are things at the office?

Steve: Hi, Luke! How are you? Can you please stop and pick upextra paper for
thecomputer printer?
Luke: What did you say? Can you repeat that, please? Did yousay to pick up ink for the
printer?Sorry, the phone is cutting out.

Steve: Can you hear me now? No, I need more computer paper.
Listen, I’ll text you exactly what I need. Thanks, Luke.
Talk to you later.

Luke: Thanks, Stephanie. Sorry, my phone has really bad reception here.

Tips:
There are a few ways to express a lack of understanding and to request additional
information. The most common ones are stated, but you can also say “Excuse me” or simply
“I can’t hear you.” In a more formal situation, try saying “I’m sorry?” or “I beg your
pardon?” (with a rising intonation).
When asking someone to clarify information try saying Can you please repeat that? /Can
you spell that for me? / Can you please write down the address for me?
Cutting out describes a difficulty in understanding a caller due to poor cellphone
reception. If you are having trouble understanding the caller, you can also say The line is
breaking up / I am losing you. If the phone call is disconnected because of poor
reception, you can say the call dropped.

Answer these questions:-

• Which languages do you speak? How many languages do you speak?

• Do you speak any foreign languages? How much does your city have?
• What’s your president’s name? Where are you going on vacation?
• How many degrees is it today?
• What is the capital of England?
• How many brothers do you have?
• What is your profession?
• What do you do? Where do you work? What’s your date of birth?
• Where are you from?
English for Communication

• When do you want to leave?

• Welcome here. How can I help you?
• What would you like to drink?
• What would you like to buy?
• You can sit here. Have a seat here, please?
• Sorry, it’s busy here. This table is booked, Sir.
• Which table would you like to sit at?
• We have room in the garden, Sir. Would you like to sit outside?
• We have a room upstairs.
• Food list, please!
• Today, what’s on the menu?
• How many kilos of apples do you want? I want to eat.
• Would you like to drink tea?
• What would you like to eat? What’s the drink? Can you make some tea?
• Do you cook?
• What do you want? Is it big or small?
• Do you want a package? No ice, please.
• What drinks are there?
• Do you have pepper? Salt, please.
• Would you like some ketchup? No ketchup.
• Someone else will sit at this table. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
• Would you like something to drink? I want to see the menu.
• Do you want soup or salad with it?
• Can you get some water? Excuse me.
• I’ll tell you in a minute. I am waiting for someone.
• Your order is not ready yet, sir. What would you recommend?
• Do you have a salad? Are there any vegetarian dishes?
• I want some more salad. Can I have some more bread?
• This fish is not fresh. Do you have a toilet?
• Can I get it as a package? Be careful, the plate is hot.
• I hope you enjoyed the food? Is there anything else?
• Do you want dessert? Can I have the check? Account, please.
• Separate accounts, please. Can we get a receipt?
• You can pay for me. I think there’s been a mistake.
• Keep the change. Who’s buying? I’m buying it.
• What are you getting? When will dinner be ready?
• Dinner’s almost ready. Please sit down at the table.
• Would you like to taste? Can you pass me the salt?
• Can you pass me your plate? Can you pass the bread?
• Can you pour me some more salad? Do you have any more of this?
• What’s for dessert? Health in your hand?
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Activities:

Q1. Recreate the conversation between the ‘Doctor’ and the ‘Patient’.

Q2. Recreate the conversation between the ‘Communication Faculty’ and his

‘Hod’. Q3. Recreate the conversation between the two friends who have met

after 5 years. Q4. Recreate the conversation between the ‘Sales Executive’ and

his ‘Team Leader’.Q5. Recreate the conversation between the ‘Shop keeper’ and

the ‘Customer’.
English for Communication

Practicing everyday dialogues in English (Session-2)

About Family:

How many people are there in your family?

There are 5 people in my family: my father, mother, brother, sister,

and me.Does your family live in a house or an apartment?

We live in a house in the countryside.

What does your father do?

My father is a doctor. He works at the local

hospital.How old is your mother?

She is 40 years old, 1 year younger than my father.

Do you have any siblings? What’s his/her name?

Yes, I do. I have 1 elder brother, David, and 1 younger sister,

Mary.Are you the oldest amongst your brothers and sisters?

No, I’m not. I’m the second child in my family.

What does your mother/father like?

My father likes playing football and my mother likes

cooking.Do your parents let you stay out late?

Of course not. They always ask me to get home before 10 pm each night.
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At Restaurant:

Do you stay with your parents? Right now,

No, but I used to.

Does your family usually have dinner together?

Yes, we do. My mom always prepares delicious meals for

us.How often do you eat out? Who do you go with?

I often eat out on weekends, when I hang out with my friends.

What restaurant do you usually visit?

Well, there are not many restaurants in my neighborhood, so my best choice is the deli
inconvenient stores like the Circle K, Mini-Stop, B-smart.

What type of food do you enjoy to eat? Western or Asian? I’m interested in Asian food;

Western food is not my thing.

How much do you usually pay when you eat out?

It’s not very expensive, just around 500 rs. for each meal.

Do you enjoy spicy food?

Yes, I do, especially on cold days.

Are the servers there friendly to you?

Yes, they are. Most of them are really helpful.

Have you ever tried Italian food?

Yes, at least once, when I was in my friend’s wedding party.

Are you concerned about calories when eating out?

Yes, I am. I’m on diet now, so this really matters to me.

Are fast food restaurants like KFC or McDonald’s famous in your country?
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Yes, they are. The youth in my country are big fans of fast food.

Do you often drink alcohol when eating out?

No, not often. Just when I have parties with my friends.

At School:

What school did you go to?

I went to Millennium high school, founded in 1999.

Where is the school located?

It’s located in Indore City, India.

Do you like the architecture of the school?

Yes, I do. The architecture is not really impressive, but I like it that the building’s architects
leftplenty of space for lounging.

What are the teachers like?

Most of the teachers there are helpful and friendly. I especially like Dr. Tambe, my Physics

teacher.

How long have you spent there?

I have spent 3 years of upper secondary school there.

Is that a co-ed school?

No, it isn’t. This is a co-ed school.

Do you like the school uniform?

We don’t wear uniforms at school,

actually.

Why do you enjoy the time there?

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Although I had to deal with quite a heavy workload, I enjoy the relaxing atmosphere when
hangingout with friends in the cafeteria there.

What important lesson did you learn from school?

I learned how to work in a group in which there are many friends coming from different
cultures.That’s the lesson of cooperation.

Will you recommend that school to others?

Yes, of course. I’m proud to recommend Millennium High School to anyone who is searching
for agood place to learn.

Sports:

What sport do you like?

I like playing badminton.

Is it easy to play that sport?

Yes, it’s pretty easy to play.

Is that sport popular in your country?

Yes, it is.

How long have you been practicing that sport?

I have been practicing it for 5 years.

Who do you play sports with?

I play badminton with my friends, sometimes with my brother.

How often do you play that sport?

I play badminton every weekend.

What benefits can you get from that sport?

English for Communication

It helps strengthen my muscles because while playing, I have to move continuously. It is good
toburn calories as well.

Do you like watching football? online or offline?

Yes, I do. I prefer watching football offline and online. Going to the stadium, shouting and
cheeringare good to release stress.

What is your favorite football team?

I like the Manchester United Football Club, also known as “The Red

Devils”.Why is sport important?

Sports are sources of recreation. People can learn how to encourage team spirit when they
playsports, too.

Festival:

How many popular festivals are there in your country?

There are many: New Year’s Day, Diwali, Eid, Independence Day,

Christmas, etc.What is the most important festival in your country?

I believe that New Year’s Day is the most important one since it’s a chance for family reunion
andparties. People gather together to welcome the New Year.

When does it take

place? It occurs on

January 1st.

Where’s the festival celebrated?

The New Year ’s Day is celebrated all over the country. Each family has its own way to
celebratethe day.
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What do people do to prepare for the festival?

Before New Year’ day, people go shopping for food and drinks, repair the house or put up

decor.Who can join the festival?

It’s a day for everybody.

What do people do in the festival?

On New Year’ Eve, people have a party with traditional food and drinks. After that, they may
visitfriends or relatives, go to the movies or watch sports.

What’s special about that festival?

It marks the end of a year and celebrates a new year. People believe that the things they do on
thefirst day will bring good luck and prosperity to them during the whole year.

Is the festival culturally related?

Sure, the festival is an integral part of

culture.Why is a festival important?

It adds structure to our social lives and connects us with our families and backgrounds.

Accident:

Have you ever been in any traffic

accident?Yes, three years ago.

What happened?

I was hit by a car while crossing the road.

English for Communication

How did you feel then?

I felt really terrible because of my

injuries. Who was involved in the

accident?

The car driver, his family (inside the car),

and me. Did the insurance company pay for

repair service?

I was walking so I did not require any car repair

services.Did you need a lawyer?

I hurt my lower back just a little, so I didn’t call a

lawyer.Did you report the issue to the police?

No, we didn’t want to get the police

involved. Were you sent to the hospital

after the accident? No, the injury wasn’t

really serious.

Do you have a driving license?

Yes, I do. I always keep it in my purse.

A Coffee Shop:

What’s your favorite coffee shop?

My favorite one is The Coffee House, a local coffee shop in my neighborhood.

Where is it?

It’s 500 m far from my hous

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A Wedding:

Have you ever attended someone’s wedding? Who was

he/she? Yes, a lot, but the most memorable one is my best

friends.

Who went with you?

I went with one of my

classmates. Where was the

wedding organized? It was held

in a restaurant downtown. What

did people do in the wedding?

They enjoyed wedding feast, sang and danced together after giving the couple best wishes
of anever-lasting happiness.

What did the bride and groom wear?

The bride wore a white wedding gown while the groom wore a black suit

and tie.What was the most interesting ritual in the wedding?

Exchanging rings is the ritual I’m quite interested in.

Are weddings a special event of one’s life in your

country?Yes, along with birthdays.

Do people in your country get married early?

Not really. The average age to get married for women is 27 and for men is

29.What is the ideal age to get married in your opinion?

Well. 27 would be my ideal age. Women are most charming and mature at that

age,I guess.

How has wedding changed recently?

English for Communication

The most noticeable change is the reduce of rituals in a wedding.

There used to be more steps in weddings years ago than there are

now.

Goal/Ambition:

What is your current short-term goal?

I’m determined to get a scholarship to study post-graduate

abroad.When did you start thinking about this goal?

I started thinking about it when I left

university. What difficulties do you have in

order to achieve it?

Spending a lot of time searching it, I haven’t found any scholarship that fits my

needs.Do you need any help to achieve that goal?

I really need spiritual encouragement from my family and

friends.Do your parents support you to achieve that goal?

Yes, they do. They’re always by my side and support me when

needed.Do you think it’s important to set goals?

Sure. We all need to have some goals to drive ourselves towards them.

What are the important qualities to achieve goals?

Well, you need to be persistent to what you desire to get.

Answer these questions:

• Why do you want this job?

• Why should we hire you?
• What can you bring to the company?
• What are your greatest strengths?
English for Communication

• What do you consider to be your weaknesses?

• What is your greatest professional achievement?
• Tell me about a time you demonstrated Leadership skills.
• What’s a time you disagreed with a decision that was made at work?
• Tell me about a time you made a mistake.
English for Communication

• Tell me about a time you failed.

• Why are you leaving your current?
• Why were you fired?
• Why was there a gap in your employment?
• What’s your current salary?
• What do you like least about your job?
• What are you looking for in a new position?
• What’s your work style?
• What’s your management style?
• How would your boss and coworkers describe you?
• How do you deal with stressful situation?
• What do you like to do outside of work?
• Are you planning to have children?
• How do you prioritize your work?
• What motivates you?
• What are your pet peeves?
• Do you consider yourself successful?
• Where do you see yourself in five years?
• What’s your dream job?
• What makes you unique?
• What are you passionate about?
English for Communication

Activities:

Q1. Recreate the scene among few newcomers, who are having their first day at College,
coincidentally they meet at the Canteen, They talk about their families, former schools,
hobbies and about their new college. Divide the roles as per the guidance of your
concern faculty.
English for Communication

Interview Skills
Hiring is a skill, in which your ability to interact with the interviewer and to articulate your
thoughts are factors that are very important in getting the job as are the qualifications listed
on your resume. Find the list of interview skills thatwill help you get hired.
The 8 Major Types of Interviews
Informational interview
Screening or Telephone interview
Individual Interview
Small Group or Committee interview
The Second or On-Site interview
Behavioral-Based interview
Task Oriented or Testing interview
Stress interview
There are many types of interviews which serve different scenarios. Knowing what to expect
can guide you to meet the desired goals.
1. Informational interview:
2. The goal of an informative interview is to gain insight and learn more about a specific
organization, industry, or position. Another strategy to expand your employment
knowledge base is to interview professionals in their area. As a result of obtaining this
knowledge, you will be more prepared. It's also a great way to expand your network and
meet new people.
3. Screening or Telephone interview:
Interviews like these are proven to be a more cost-effective approach to screen prospects. The duration
of the slots varies from 5 to 25 minutes. To begin, prepare as if it were an open book exam. Second,
cross check that you have your CV, job description, list of references, and prepared responses in front
of you. Because people can't see your body language, it's vital to have positive, sharp responses
presented with excitement. Finally, don't forget to inquire about the following step.
4. Individual interview:
Individual Interviews are the most prevalent sort of interview and are usually held face to face at the
company's offices. To prepare for the interview, find out how long it will last; it will last somewhere
between 30 and 90 minutes. With shorter interviews, you'll be able to give succinct, to-the-point
replies. Longer interviews, on the other hand, give you more time to elaborate and provide examples to
back up your responses.
English for Communication

5. Behavioral-based interview:
These forms of interviews entail meeting with a group of decision-makers at the same time. If you are
not well prepared in advance, this might be frightening and terrifying. However, having more than one
interviewer increases efficiency and allows for multiple perspectives on the same question. Make eye
contact with everyone on the panel, not just the one who is asking the question, and try to establish a
rapport with each member. It's also worth attempting to figure out who's on the panel and what their
titles are.
6. The Second or On-Site interview:
The second interview indicates that you were effective the previous time around and that
they want to learn more about you. As a result, these types of interviews can be lengthier,
extending up to a full day in certain cases. Meeting three to five persons, such as Human
Resources, the line manager, office employees, and the department head, is common. Most
key, be proactive and enthusiastic! Attempt to learn as much as possible about the day's
agenda, since this will help you feel less concerned about the entire procedure. This is
usually the final stage before a job offer is made..

7. Behavioral-based interview:
The principle behind critical behavioral interviewing (CBI) is that previous performance in a similar
scenario is the best predictor of future performance. This interview strategy goes far deeper than
traditional interviewing procedures. Prepare specific examples that illustrate your qualities in key areas
like teamwork, problem-solving, communication, creativity, adaptability, and organisational abilities.
Be systematic in your responses, though, and describe your examples in terms of the situation, the task,
the action you did, and the result you achieved.
8. Task oriented or testing interview:
These types of interviews are designed to allow you to demonstrate your problem-solving creativity
and analytical talents through a variety of activities or exercises. A short test to assess your technical
knowledge and skills may be included. Other responsibilities include giving a group presentation to
assess your communication abilities. It is critical to unwind.
9. Stress interview:
This is an uncommon type of interview in which the interviewer baits you to see what you'll say. The
goal is to expose your flaws and see how you react when you're put under duress. Interruptions and
weird silences are common tactics, as are intriguing and difficult interrogation-style inquiries.
Furthermore, even before an offer is made, consider whether you want to work for a company that is
willing to go this far.
English for Communication

Find the 10 interview skills that will help you land the job.
Do your background research.
Be polite to everyone.
Watch your body language.
Watch your real language.
Review your own resume.
Prepare for standard questions.
Prepare your wardrobe.
Prepare your questions.

Even though most of the jobs don't require good communication skills, getting through the
interview often does. You don't have to answer every question perfectly, but you can
improve your interview skills. 10 interview skills that can help you land the job.

1. Do your background research:

Although this may not appear to be a real interview skill, it is. You're already screwed before
you start an interview if you say things like, "Now, what do you do again?" and "Do you guys
have money yet?" You must conduct background investigation, regardless of how dazzling your
personality is.
2. Be polite to everyone:
You may have heard horror stories of people who were nasty to the receptionist, cut someone
off in the parking lot, or yelled at the barista at the coffee shop across the corner, only to be
turned down for the job. Such things happen, and they can completely spoil your plans. I will
never, ever, hire someone who is nasty to the receptionist or barista. Recruiters and hiring
managers share this sentiment. Watch your body language:
3. Some of them are really very important in an interview. For instance:
• Lean in or sit up straight to show that you're interested.
• Keep an eye contact so you look honest, but don't just lock in a stare, because then you
may lookaggressive.
• Don't nod your head too much. If you want to show agreement, but too many nods and
you may look like you don't truly care.
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4. Watch your real language:

If you want to impress interviewers, don't just copy what they're doing. Create a natural,
uncomplicated style for yourself. Use phrases that accurately describe your true feelings and thoughts.
Speak loudly and courteously. Speak to express yourself, not to impress others.

5. Review your own resume:

Isn't it true that you're fully aware of what you've done? Do you want to be certain? When
the hiring manager asked me a particular question about an achievement on my résumé, I
was taken off guard in an interview. It took a while for my brain to register what she was
saying. Make sure you don't do the same thing. Refresh your memory, particularly with
regard to previous positions.

6. Prepare for standard questions:

Many interviewers will ask you to "tell me about a time when..." followed by a question
that is relevant to your field and this position. You should have excellent responses ready
for this. Make a list of potential questions and work on your responses. Review these
questions thoroughly before attending a job interview.

7. Prepare your wardrobe:

Certainly, people make snap judgments based on what you're wearing. Although most
interviewers are unconcerned about the brand of your jacket or whether the heel of your
shoe is scuffed, you should dress accordingly. For the most part, most professional
positions require a suit or something one level below. If you're worried, go to their parking
lot before the interview and observe what happens. You must follow the dress code. If
they're wearing jeans and flip flops, you're probably alright in business casual, but in most
businesses, it's preferable to be overdressed than underdressed.
8. Prepare your questions:
Asking inquiries that could be answered by browsing at the company's website is not a good
idea. Do inquire about the role's challenges, what success looks like, and how this position fits
into the organization's objectives. Remember that you want to appear sincere in your desire to
succeed in this position, and you'll need this knowledge to accomplish so.
English for Communication

9. Don't badmouth your former employer:

You'll very certainly be asked why you want to quit your present job (or, if you're
unemployed, why you left your last one). Don't lie, but don't be overly pessimistic "My
employer is a jerk to the core. She is choosy, has favorites, and has a tuna fish odors."
These things may be true, but you don't look nice as a result. Figure out how to explain
why you're leaving, why you were fired, what you learnt from it, and how all of this
translates to a wonderful fit for this new job..

10. Don't forget the thank you card:

It is no longer necessary to send a card; an email will suffice. You can get hired without one, but
sending a quick follow-up email to the hiring manager and recruiter is a good gesture. It keeps you in
their minds and demonstrates your civility, completing the circle. You boost your chances by
beginning the interview by being polite to everyone and ending it by being pleasant to everyone.
Don't be concerned about your upcoming interview. Prepare and plan ahead of time, and you'll
perform a fantastic job.
Answer these questions:
➢ Tell us about yourself.
➢ How did you hear about this position?
➢ Why do you want to work at this company?
➢ Why do you want this job?
➢ Why should we hire you?
➢ What can you bring to the company?
➢ What are your greatest strengths?
➢ What do you consider to be your weaknesses?
➢ What is your greatest professional achievement?
➢ Tell me about a time you demonstrated Leadership Skills.
➢ Tell me about a time you made a mistake.
➢ Why was there a gap in your employment?

➢ Can you explain why you changed career paths?

➢ What’s your current salary?
➢ What do you like least about your job?
➢ What are you looking for in a new position?
➢ What type of environment do you prefer?
➢ What’s your work style?
➢ What’s your management style?
➢ How would your boss and coworkers describe you?
➢ What do you like to do outside of work?
➢ How do you prioritize your work?
➢ What motivates you?
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➢ What are your pet peeves?

➢ Do you consider yourself successful?
➢ Where do you see yourself in five years?
➢ What’s your dream job?
➢ What makes you unique?
➢ What should I know that’s not on your Resume?
➢ What are your salary expectations?
➢ When can you start?
➢ Are you willing to relocate?
➢ How many tennis balls can you fit into a Limousine?
➢ Do you have any questions for us?
➢ How do you deal with pressure or stressful situations?
➢ How do you plan to achieve your career goals?
➢ What are you passionate about?
➢ What other companies are you interviewing with?
➢ What can you bring for our organization’s growth?
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Sample Answers

Why should we hire you?

This interview question may appear straightforward (and perhaps daunting! ), but if you get
it, you're in luck: There's no better way to promote yourself and your abilities to a hiring
manager than this. Your task is to come up with an answer that demonstrates three things:
that you can not only perform the work, but also deliver excellent outcomes; that you'll be a
good fit for the team and culture; and that you'd be a better hire than any of the other
applicants.

What Can You Bring to the Company?

Interviewers aren't just interested in learning about your background when they ask this question. They want
to see that you grasp the company's or department's problems and challenges, as well as how you'll fit
into the existing structure. Read the job description carefully, research the firm, and pay attention
during your early round interviews to understand any problems you'll be hired to fix. Then, tie your
skills and experiences to what the organization requires, and give an example of similar or transferable
work you've done in the past.

What are your greatest strengths?

Think quality, not quantity, when answering this question because this is an opportunity to talk about
something that makes you outstanding—and a wonderful fit for this role. To put it another way,
don't list a bunch of adjectives. Instead, choose one or a few unique attributes that are applicable
to this position and demonstrate them with examples (depending on the question).
Generalizations are rarely remembered, but stories are. And if there's something you've been
meaning to discuss because it qualifies you for the position but haven't yet, now is the time.

What is your greatest professional achievement?

Nothing says "hire me" like a track record of outstanding performance in previous employment,
so don't be hesitant to answer this interview question! Using the Star Method (situation, task,
action, and outcomes) is a fantastic approach to accomplish so. Set the scene and the work to
provide background information for the interviewer (e.g., "In my previous employment as a
junior analyst, it was my responsibility to handle the invoicing process"), then describe what you
did (the action) and what you accomplished (the result): "I streamlined the process in a month,
saving my group 10 person-hours per month and reducing invoice errors by 25%."
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Interview Skills
Interviewing is a skill in and of itself, one in which your ability to interact with the
interviewer and to articulate your thoughts are factors that are just as important in getting
the job as are the qualifications listed on your resume. Here is a list of interview skills that
will help you get hired.
The 8 Major Types of Interviews
1. Informational interview
2. Screening or Telephone interview
3. Individual Interview
4. Small Group or Committee interview
5. The Second or On-Site interview
6. Behavioral-Based interview
7. Task Oriented or Testing interview
8. Stress interview

There are many types of interviews that serve different scenarios. Knowing what to expect
can help you to meet your goals.
1. Informational interview:
In an informational interview the objective is to seek advice and learn more about a
particular employer, sector or job. Interviewing experts in their field is one more way toadd
to your employment knowledge base. As a result, gaining this information means you are
more prepared. It is also an excellent way of networking and adding to your contacts.
2. Screening or Telephone interview:
These types of interviews are proving to be a more cost effective way to screen candidates.
Slots range from 10 to 30 minutes. Firstly, prepare for it as if it is an open book exam.
Secondly, make sure you have your CV, the job description, list of references and prepared
answers noted in front of you. A large part of communication is visual and as they can’t see
your body language, it critical to have positive and sharp answers delivered with
enthusiasm. Finally, don’t forget to ask what the next step will be.

3. Individual interview:
Individual Interview often referred to as a “personal interview” this is the most commontype
of interview and is usually held face to face at the company’s offices. Find out the
approximate length of the interview in order to prepare; they range from 30 to 90
minutes. Shorter interviews will mean delivering concise answers that are to the point. On
the other hand longer interviews allow you more time to go into detail and support your
answers with examples.
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4. Behavioral-based interview:
These types of interviews mean meeting a panel of decision makers at once. This can be
daunting and intimidating if you are not well prepared in advance. However,
more than one interviewer means efficiency and anopportunity for different opinions of the
same answer. Try to build a rapport witheach member of the panel and be sure to make eye
contact with everyone not just the person asking the question. It is also worth trying to find
out the names and roles of those on the panel.

5. The Second or On-Site interview:

The second interview means you have been successful on the first occasion and they would
like to know more. As a result, these types of interviews can be longer, some lasting half or
a full-day. They often mean meeting three to five people who can include Human Resources,
the line manager, office staff and the head of department. Most importantly, be ‘on the ball’
and show enthusiasm! Try to find out as much as possible about the agenda for the day as
this will go some way to making you feel less anxious about the whole process. This is
usually the last stage before an offer of employment is made.

6. Behavioral-based interview:
It is known as Critical behavioral interviewing (CBI), the theory is that past performance in
a similar situation is the best predictor of future performance. This method of interview
probes much deeper than the usual interviewing techniques. Have specific examples ready
that highlight your attributes in core areas such as teamwork, problem- solving,
communication, creativity, flexibility and organizational skills. However, be structured in
your answers and explain your examples in terms of the situation, the task, the action you
took, and the outcome achieved.

7. Task oriented or testing interview:

These types of interviews are structured in a way that allows you to demonstrate your
creative and analytical abilities in problem solving through varied tasks or exercises. It may
include a short test to evaluate your technical knowledge and skills. Other tasks can be
delivering a presentation to a group to determine your communication skills. Relaxing
is key!

8. Stress interview:
This method of interview is rare and involves the interviewer baiting you to see your
response. The aim is to highlight your weaknesses and see how you react under pressure.
Tactics can vary from constant interruptions and odd silences to provoking and challenging
interrogation-type questions used to push you to your limits. Moreover, it is worth asking
yourself do you want to work for an organization that is willing to gothis far even before an
offer is put on the table.
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Here are 10 interview skills that will help you land the job.
1. Do your background research.
2. Be polite to everyone.
3. Watch your body language.
4. Watch your real language.
5. Watch your real language.
6. Review your own resume.
7. Prepare for standard questions.
8. Prepare your wardrobe.
9. Prepare your questions.
10.Don’t forget to thank.

Even though most jobs don't require smooth talking skills, getting through the interview
often does. You don't have to answer every interview question perfectly, but you can
improve your interview skills. Here are 10 interview skills that will help you land the job.

1. Do your background research:

This may not seem like an actual interview skill, but it is. If you walk into an interview
saying, "Now, what do you do again?" and "Do you guys have funding yet?" you're doomed
before you begin. No matter how sparkly your personality is, you have to do thebackground
research.
2. Be polite to everyone:
You may have heard stories of people who were rude to the receptionist, cut someone off in
the parking lot, or yelled at the barista at the coffee shop around the corner and then didn't
get the job. These things happen, and they can ruin your chances. I will never, ever, not in a
million years hire the person who is rude to the receptionist or barista. Many recruiters and
hiring managers feel the same.

3. Watch your body language:

Some of them are especially important in an interview. For instance:
a. Lean in or sit up straight to show you're interested.
b. Keep eye contact so you look honest, but don't just lock in a stare, because then you look
aggressive.
c. Don't nod too much. Yes, you want to show agreement, but too many nods and you start to
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look like you don't truly care.

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4. Watch your real language:

Do not blindly imitate others to impress interviewers. Develop your own style that is
natural and simple. Use words that express your actual feelings and ideas. Speak clearlyand
politely. Speak to express not to impress.

5. Review your own resume:

You know what you did, right? Are you sure? I once got caught off guard in an interview
when the hiring manager asked me a specific question about an accomplishment on my
resume. I had to stumble for a minute before my brain latched on to what she was talking
about. Don't make that mistake. Refresh your memory, especially old jobs.

6. Prepare for standard questions:

Lots of interviewers are going to ask you to "tell me about a time when ..." followed by
something appropriate for your field and this particular job. You should have great answers
prepared for this. Brainstorm a list of possible questions and work on your answers..
Definitely, review these questions before arriving at a job interview.

7. Prepare your wardrobe:

Yes, people judge you by what you're wearing. Most interviewers aren't going to care the
brand of your jacket, or if the heel of your shoe is scuffed, but you should be dressed
appropriately. Generally, for most professional jobs that means a suit, or one step lower. If
you're concerned, go to their parking lot before the interview and watch people come out.
If their style is business casual, you should wear a suit. If they are wearing jean andflip
flops, you're probably fine in business casual, but better to be overdressed than
underdressed, in most industries.

8. Prepare your questions:

Don't ask questions that could be answered by looking at the company website. Do ask
questions about the challenges of the position, what success looks like, and how this
position fits in with the organization's goals. Remember, you want to look like you're really
interested in succeeding in this position, and you need this information to do so.

9. Don't badmouth your former employer:

You're most likely going to be asked why you're looking to leave your current job (or why
you left your last job if you're unemployed). Don't lie, but don't be super negative either.
"My boss is a huge jerk. She is nit-picky, plays favorites, and smells like tuna fish." These
things may all be true, but you don't come out looking good. Figure out how to explain why
you're leaving, why you got fired, what you learned from it, and how this all means this
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newjob is a great fit.

10. Don't forget the thank you card:

It doesn't have to be a card anymore; an email will do just fine. You can get hired without one,
but it's a nice gesture to send a quick follow up email to the hiring manager and recruiter. It
keeps you in their minds and shows your politeness, which brings this full circle. You begin
by being nice to everyone, and you end the interview by being nice to everyone, and you
increase your chances.
Don't panic at the thought of your next interview. Prepare and in advance, and you'll do a
great job.
Answer these questions:
➢ Tell us about yourself.
➢ How did you hear about this position?
➢ Why do you want to work at this company?
➢ Why do you want this job?
➢ Why should we hire you?
➢ What can you bring to the company?
➢ What are your greatest strengths?
➢ What do you consider to be your weaknesses?
➢ What is your greatest professional achievement?
➢ Tell me about a time you demonstrated Leadership Skills.
➢ Tell me about a time you made a mistake.
➢ Why was there a gap in your employment?
➢ Can you explain why you changed career paths?
➢ What’s your current salary?
➢ What do you like least about your job?
➢ What are you looking for in a new position?
➢ What type of environment do you prefer?
➢ What’s your work style?
➢ What’s your management style?
➢ How would your boss and coworkers describe you?
➢ What do you like to do outside of work?
➢ How do you prioritize your work?
➢ What motivates you?
➢ What are your pet peeves?
➢ Do you consider yourself successful?
➢ Where do you see yourself in five years?
➢ What’s your dream job?
➢ What makes you unique?
➢ What should I know that’s not on your Resume?
➢ What are your salary expectations?
➢ When can you start?
➢ Are you willing to relocate?
➢ How many tennis balls can you fit into a Limousine?
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➢ Do you have any questions for us?

➢ How do you deal with pressure or stressful situations?
➢ How do you plan to achieve your career goals?
➢ What are you passionate about?
➢ What other companies are you interviewing with?
➢ What can you bring for our organization’s growth?
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Sample Answers

Why should we hire you?

This interview question seems forward (not to mention intimidating!), but if you’re asked it,
you’re in luck: There’s no better setup for you to sell yourself and your skills to the hiring
manager. Your job here is to craft an answer that covers three things: that you can not only do the
work, but also deliver great results; that you’ll really fit in with the team and culture; and that
you’d be a better hire than any of the other candidates.

What Can You Bring to the Company?

When interviewers ask this question, they don’t just want to hear about your background. They
want to see that you understand what problems and challenges they’re facing as a company
or department as well as how you’ll fit into the existing organization. Read the job description
closely, do your research on the company, and make sure you pay attention in your early
round interviews to understand any issues you’re being hired to solve. Then, the key is to
connect your skills and experiences to what the company needs and share an example that
shows how you’ve done similar or transferable work in the past.

What are your greatest strengths?

Here’s an opening to talk about something that makes you great—and a great fit for this
role, when you’re answering this question, think quality, not quantity. In other words, don’t
rattle off a list of adjectives. Instead, pick one or a few (depending on the question) specific
qualities that are relevant to this position and illustrate them with examples. Stories are
always more memorable than generalizations. And if there’s something you were hoping to
mention because it makes you a great candidate, but you haven’t had a chance yet, this
would be the perfect time.

What is your greatest professional achievement?

Nothing says “hire me” better than a track record of achieving amazing results in past jobs,
so don’t be shy when answering this interview question! A great way to do so is by using the
Star Method: situation, task, action, results. Set up the situation and the task that you were
required to complete to provide the interviewer with background context (e.g., “In my last
job as a junior analyst, it was my role to manage the invoicing process”), then describe what
you did (the action) and what you achieved (the result): “In one month, I streamlined the
process, which saved my group 10 person-hours each month and reduced errors on invoices
by 25%.”
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Activities
Q1. Prepare a setup of a College Campus like Conference hall, Waiting area, Reception, Dean Sir’s
cabin, Director Sir’s cabin etc. then conduct the ‘ Mock Interviews’ of ‘Teaching Staffs’ for
Academics. Imagine that this is an ‘Engineering College’, requires faculties for all the branches.
Divide the role of all the necessary persons among you as per the suggestions of your concern
faculty.

Q2. Assume that ‘Mr. Varun Parmal’ an Electronic Graduate, now ‘Mr. Varun Parmal’ has come to
know through a newspaper that there is a suitable vacancy in a reputed ‘MNC’ & wants to apply
for it. Now you will have to prepare a setup of an MNC’s administrative area and conduct the
‘Mock Interview’ of ‘Mr. Varun Parmal’. Divide the necessary roles among you as per the
guidance of your concern faculty.
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Resume writing

A resume, or résumé, is a concise record usually now no longer than one web page because
the meant the reader will now no longer live in your record for extremely long. The aim of a
resume is to make a character stick out from the competition The task seeker ought to adapt
the resume to each function they observe for. It is within side the applicant’s hobby to
extrude the resume from one task software to any other and to tailor it to the wishes of the
unique post.

Resume Bio-Data Curriculum Vitae

The word ‘Resume’ is a The word Bio-Data stands C.V. is a Latin word which
French word which means for “Biographical Data”. It means course of life.
“Summary”. is generally a traditional
word.
A Resume is used when any Bio-Data is generally used A C.V. is used to highlight
experienced person apply for jobs which require the general talent of the
for specific positions where certain physical qualities as candidates rather than
certain specific skills are qualification such as: Pilots, specific skills for a specific
important than education. Fire-Fighters, Security position.
Personal, Flight attendants,
Body Guards Bouncers etc.
It is generally used by Here none such rules are It is generally used by
experienced persons. applicable. ‘Fresher’s.

A Resume usually begins The Term Bio-Data is A C.V. is used for fresh
with a brief profile of the widely used in India when to graduates or people looking
candidate, summary of people applying for for a career change. It could
qualifications followed by government jobs or for also be used by people
technical expertise and word research grants where one applying for academic
experience in reverse has submit descriptive position. If anyone is
chronological order. essays. It is generally used changing his/her field &
(Beginning with the most for sending and receiving coming to new sector then
recent). marriage proposals. he can also used Curriculum
Vitae.
Here the most recent Bio-Data is not used or Curriculum Vitae doesn’t
experiences are described in common in the focuses on any specific
detail with responsibilities Multinational job markets skills, while it only deals
and achievements. And where personal information with or highlight all the
previous experiences are like age, gender, religion are general qualities at a glance.
only presented as a not required to be submitted That’s why it is best for
summary. by candidates. “freshers”.
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A resume is the preferred

It is used where personal In US and Canada, a C.V. is
application document information are more only used when applying for
among “Americans” and important like Caste, Gotra, a job abroad or for teaching
“Canadians”. Religion, Height, Weight, or research oriented
Political View, Marital position.
Status, Gender, Date of
Birth etc.
In UK, Ireland & New- It is mostly used in India. In UK, Ireland & New-
Zealand resumes are not Zealand a CV is used in all
used at all. contexts.
In Germany they have - In most part of Europe only
‘Labenslauf’. CV is preferred.

Guidelines of writing a Resume

1. Keep it to one page:

This is a biggie! If a hiring manager’s spending six seconds searching at your resume, she
or he won't even get to the second one web page! Unless you’re making use of to be an
government or a accomplice somewhere, one web page might be enough and is a
extensively accepted “satisfactory practice.” To reduce it down, keep in mind the motive of
it—it’s now no longer to show off the entirety you’ve ever done, however as a substitute to
expose which you have the background, skills, and enjoy for the activity at hand.

2. Avoid spelling or grammar errors:

There are some recruiters who will discount your resume the second they see a spelling or
grammar error. Although it can be painful, make sure you don’t just read over your resume
several times, but also that you have a friend take a peek, too.

3. Watch your tenses:

This is another common error that can really hurt you in the eyes of hiring managers. As a
general rule, if something on your resume is in the past, use the past tense (managed,
delivered, organized) and if you are still actively in the role, use the present tense (manage,
deliver, organize).

4. Avoid the first person pronouns:

As a general practice, don’t use words like “I” or “me” or “my.” So, instead of saying “Ihit
and exceeded company sales quotas 100% of the time” say “Hit and exceeded sales quotas
100% of the time.”

5. Send your resume as a PDF:

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Saving your resume as a PDF (rather than a Word and document) freezes it as an image so
that you can be sure hiring managers see the same formatting as you. If you send it any
other way, there’s a chance that the styling, format, font, and so on, could look different on
their computer than yours.

6. Label your resume file correctly:

Too many people save this important document with random or generic file names like
sgks123.pdf or resume.pdf. Remember that recruiters can see the name of the file that you
send them and also remember that they get tons of resumes every day. Make it super clear
whose resume they should click on by saving it under a logical name like
FirstName_LastName_Resume.pdf.

7. Format in a logical structure:

Even more important than naming the file in a logical manner is laying out your resumein a
logical manner. How you lay it out really depends on where you are in your career path and
what you’re looking to do next. While chronological the default, it’s not alwaysthe best way
to make your case. Muse writer Lily Zhang lays out the other options that might work
better for you.

8. Make sure it’s easy to read:

You might be tempted to just shrink the text to get your resume to fit on a page. (Whichis
funny, because remember all those times in school when you made it 12.5 to make it
longer? life!) While you can adjust the size to some degree, never go below 10-point font.

9. Keep it organized and visually appealing:

Remember how hiring managers usually spend just six seconds looking at your resume?
Help them maximize that time by making your resume super clear and easy-to-read. You
want each section bolded (maybe capitalized) and each job title bolded. Make your life
easier by using a template.

10. Keep it consistent:

Just like you want your verb tenses to be consistent throughout, it’s also important that the
formatting is, too. If one title’s bold, the other titles should be bold. If one bullet point has
a period at the end, the other bullet points should have that as well.

11. Include context:

When you list out your experience, be sure to include context. What city, state (or country)
did this job take place in? Did you travel and operate in multiple cities? What dates did you
have that experience? Was it for five months or five years? Context matters!
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12. Quantify as much as possible:

Anyone can say that he or she excelled at his or her last job. So, you need to prove to the
hiring manager that you truly did. Numbers, percentages, and supporting facts go a long way
in showing that you have a track record of success. For example, rather than saying
“successfully hit sales quotas” as a bullet point in your resume you should say “successfully
hit sales quotas 100% of the time and exceeded goals by 25% in the last 5months.” You can
even do this if your position doesn’t involve using numbers.
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13. Name drop (and title drop) like you’ve never done before:

This is your chance to brag. If you got a promotion or a raise because of your performance,
you should mention it. If you worked with the CEO of the company or were a point of
contact for a large, corporate customer, mention their names! This goes a long way in
showing that you can run with important people. It shows that you’re confident. It shows that
you’re capable. (Of course, make sure you’re presenting the facts accurately and not
exaggerating.)

14. Don’t include references:

Don’t use any of your precious space to include the names and contact info for your
references (or to write things like “references available upon request”). This document’s for
recruiters to decide if they want to talk to you, not your references. If they get to the point in
the application process where they want to speak to these people, they will reach out to you
and ask for those names. Until then, no need to mention.

15. Use your judgment when it comes to creativity:

Some industries are more creative than others. If you’re working in digital media or design
or elementary school education, it might make sense for your resume to be creative and
colored. If you’re applying for a job in finance, operations, or most corporate jobs, you
probably want to keep it black and white and structured. Be thoughtful when it comes to
your creativity (or lack thereof).

16. Don’t list everything you’ve ever done:

There must be a reason for each word. When you’re writing and enhancing, ask yourself this
question, “Will this sentence assist me get the activity I want?” If not, you must don't forget
enhancing that sentence or doing away with it.

17. Think about the person reading your resume:

It’s essential to consider that there’s a actual person analyzing this. And it’s additionally essential
to consider that it’s her activity to discover great applicants to interview and gift to her boss or
team. It’s additionally now no longer her activity to do you any favors. So you must consider
what you're writing on your resume. How can you make her activity easier? How are you able to
write your resume in this kind of manner that he or she receives excited whilst she sees it, thinks
you’re best for the activity, and is inclined to place herself accessible through imparting you to
her team?
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18. Think about what makes you different:

It’s essential which you be yourself in the course of the software process (manifestly setting your
first-class foot forward). This consists of what you write to your software materials. Don’t
hesitate to reveal who you actually are, your likes and interests, your character, what makes you
unique, and so on. While this really calls for a few judgment calls (for example, expressing
character whilst making use of for a conventional function in a conventional enterprise may not
be the first-class move) it is able to in the end be the factor those units you aside and receives you
hired. After all, those are actual human beings hiring you and they’d probable favor to paintings
with a person who’s exciting and a terrific subculture in shape. And in case your character isn’t a
in shape for the job, you probably wouldn’t were satisfied there any manner so it really works out
for everyone.

19. Think about the specific job you’re applying to:

One of my favorite hints to assist talk which you are an appropriate character for a activity is
to examine the activity description and listing out key terms. Then, while you’re writing or
modifying your resume, discover approaches to comprise the ones phrases and terms from
the preferred activity description into your resume. This may be tremendous beneficial while
a gadget or human recruiter skims it.

20. Think of this as a storytelling document:

Many of the pointers that I’ve cited all factor to the overall concept that your resume ought
to actually and concisely inform the tale of “you”—assisting hiring managers recognize why
you’re the proper character for the job. This is, in fact, the complete purpose. Ultimately,
whilst you re-study and edit it, ensure that it tells the tale of your background, the abilities
you won alongside the way, the reviews that you’ve had, and makes it crystal clear why
you’ve ended up wherein you're nowadays and why the position that they're hiring for is the
proper subsequent step for you.
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Resume Formatting

How to format a resume?

For a professional resume, follow these 10 resume formatting steps:

o Set one-inch margins on all four sides.

o Pick an 11 or 12pt resume font and stick to it.

o Create a proper resume header format for your contact details.

o Divide your resume into legible resume sections: Contact Information, Resume.
Summary, Work Experience, Education, Skills.

o Use bullet points to talk about past jobs.

o Be consistent with your resume formatting (stick to the same date format: for
example 11–2018, or November 2018.)

o Use single or 1.15 line spacing.

o Add an extra space before and after each section heading.

o Make your resume as long as it needs to be.

o Don’t use photos on your resume. Unless the job description specifically asks for them.

o You are looking for a job, not a date!

o Usually, a PDF is your best bet: it makes sure your resume layout stays intact across
all devices.

o Some companies require resumes sent as MS Word (DOC or DOCX) files. Pay
attention to the job ad, if they want you to send a DOC resume, you have to play by
their rules.
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o To stay on the safe side, have your resume available in both PDF and DOC file
formats.

o Avoid file formats with no text layer, such as JPG or PNG, or files dedicated to
graphic software (PSD, INDD, or AI).
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Activities

Q1. Write a short note on ‘Resume’?

Q2. Differentiate between ‘Resume’, ‘Curriculum Vitae’ & ‘Bio-Data’.

Q3. Being a fresher what should one write ‘Resume, C.V. or ‘Bio-Data?

Q4. You have recently seen an advertisement in ‘Hindustan Times’ for the post of
‘Assistant Professor’ posted by ‘Chameli Devi Group of Institutions.’ The institution is
looking for efficient & experienced assistant professors for EC,IT, CS, CE, ME,Chemistry,
Physics & Communication Skills departments. Write an application to the Director of the
institute to apply for the Post of Assistant Professor of Communication Skills, as your
qualification is match up for the desired post.
Q5. Discuss the contents of a good Resume?
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Presentation Skills
What is an Oral Presentation?
An individual or group addresses an audience verbally on a specific topic in an oral
presentation, often known as public speaking or just presentations. The goal is to educate,
inform, entertain, or express a point of view. Oral presentations are commonplace in offices,
classrooms, and even social gatherings like weddings. A university oral presentation evaluates
the presenter's ability to successfully communicate relevant information in an intriguing and
engaging manner.

Group presentations:
In rare cases, you may be expected to give a group presentation to demonstrate your ability to
operate as part of a team. Working in a group can be a difficulty or a huge triumph at times. Take a
look at our group work page to learn how to work well in a group.
TIPS:
Subdivide your presentation's topic into subtopics and assign one to each member of your
group: This ensures that the burden is distributed equally and that everyone participates in
the evaluation.
Rehearse as a group: While it may seem convenient for each group member to go off and cover
their own segment on their own, your presentation will appear fragmented if you don't have
regular group meetings or rehearsals.

Make sure that your visual aids are consistent in format, color, and font styles: If the visual aids
your group employs are not consistent in format, color, or font styles, the marker will notice
that you are not functioning as a team.

Create your presentation using a cloud-based service or platform: The majority of cloud-based
services and platforms offer features that allow you to collaborate on documents.
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Planning your oral presentation:

Careful organization, plenty of practice, and engaging the audience are the most critical aspects
for a good presentation. To gain a sense of what good speakers do, watch several professional
presentations online.
▪ Examine the subject outline for any relevant information that will help you
comprehend the task's requirements, such as the deadline, the weight of the
evaluation, and the amount of time you have to present. Examine the evaluation
criteria. What exactly are you being judged on?

▪ Analyze the task: Determine the purpose of the presentation. Do you need to answer
a particular question?

▪ Consider the audience: What are their expectations of your content and delivery?

▪ Bunch of ideas. Make a list of everything you know about the subject already. Make a list of
any ideas you have for interacting with or engaging the audience, as well as any questions,
explanations, or information you wish to provide them.

▪ Do the research: Find relevant material, take notes, and remember to keep the
references you used.

▪ Organize your ideas: Create a logical presentation so the information flows well.

▪ Take note of the words you use. Instead of using written language, presentations
should be delivered orally or in a conversational tone. Your listeners will be able to
follow spoken language much simpler..
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Image transcription
1. What do I already know?
2. Plan
3. Practice
4. Present

Audience interaction and engagement:

Even if it isn't a must, engaging the audience and/or having them interact with you during your
presentation is a good idea. The following are some examples of strategies to ensure audience
participation:
▪ Asking questions, testing the audience, give them a quiz.
▪ Motivate the audience to ask questions.
▪ Share handouts – consider a ‘fill in the blank’ document that goes hand-in-
hand with a slideshow or the information you are presenting.
▪ Asking someone to volunteer if demonstrations are required.
▪ Providing small gift bags with information and some lilies.

Using visual aids:

Visual aids, such as slides, photos, or props, will be allowed or needed in many oral presentation
evaluations to add an intriguing aspect and captivate the audience. Keep your visual aids simple and to
the point, and make sure your audience can read them.

Preparing to present
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When you've finished writing your presentation, keep in mind that it should sound like spoken
language, not written language. - It's time to rehearse your presentation now that you've
finalized your visual aids. Consider the following when practicing your speech:

▪ Speak slowly and clearly.

▪ Don’t read off your palm cards.
▪ Maintain eye contact with the audience.
▪ Maintain good posture so you can be clearly heard.
▪ Use natural hand gestures.
▪ Use a natural tone of voice.
▪ Practice to improve your confidence.
▪ Practice pronunciation of difficult words by breaking them into syllables.
▪ Be mindful of your body language.
▪ Time yourself to make sure you are within the time limits.

It is also important that you use this time to make sure that you are fully prepared. Do you
need to collect props? Have you thought about how you will access your visual aids?

Image transcription
▪ Write your speech in dot points
▪ Practice reading aloud
▪ Understand the topic and material, learn the information in your speech, don’t just
memories it, this way your presentation sounds more authentic
▪ Remember to smile
▪ Give handouts with more information
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Activities
Q1. Write down the important steps to achieve effective presentation.
Q2. Write do’s and 10 don’ts of an effective presentation.
Q3. Prepare a presentation on Internet and its Advantages.
Q4. Prepare a presentation on The “Education System in India”.
Q5. Prepare a presentation on The “Role of Media in the present era”.
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Presentation Skills (Verbal & Non-verbal Communication)

Non-verbal communication:

Though it is quite surprising to believe but the fact is that out of our total communication
only 35% of communication is done through verbal communication, while the remaining 65%
of communication goes to Non-verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication includes communication through body language, eye- contact,
facial expression, gesture, posture, distance, space, time, dress up, punctuality or even the
tone of our voice etc. According to different researches the majority of our communication
is non-verbal communication. The ability to use & understand nonverbal communication is a
powerful tool that will help us to survive & compete in this cut throat competition age. In
simple words we can say that the communication which is done through other symbols &
sign languages is known as non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication
includes all the things other than words & languages that can convey meanings.
Sometimes when we are unable to find the words which we want to communicate, at that
time we can use different types of body language in order to convey the meaning, this is also
an example of non-verbal communication. It is quite important to know that non-verbal
communication can be taken place without verbal communication, but verbal
communication cannot be taken place without non-verbal communication.
In fact non-verbal communication can be used as a substitute for words. For eg. The red
color is associated with danger or nodding the head means ‘Yes’. Although most of the
non-verbal communication is involuntary & difficult to control; it may sometimes reveal
the truth which the speaker is trying to hide behind the words. It is rightly said that non-
verbal communication speaks louder than words. On some occasion our body language or
voice or untidy typing may convey something opposite of which we want to
communicate.

Uses or Importance of non-verbal communication

As a long way as significance of non-verbal communication is concerned, we use non-
verbal communication with extra ease in our each day life. It consists of the tone, facial
expressions, eye touch posture gesture etc. Along with those how we gift ourselves, what
we put on or whilst can we speak & maintain mum; due to the fact silence is likewise one
of the mediums of expression.
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1. Non-verbal communication reveals our emotions & attitudes effectively. In some cases
when there is any mismatch between words & actions, we always trust actions over
words.
2. Non-verbal communication gets immediate response, as visuals & sounds are more
powerful than language. As a cry of agony arouses strong response than a sad story.
3. Speed in conveyance & response makes non-verbal methods extremely useful in
critical situations like traffic signal & signs.
4. It is suitable for some specific tasks; like it is easier to point an object than to describe it.
Likewise a passive listener may react strongly through his gesture, without interrupting
the speaker or the ongoing conversation.
5. It is the best method to convey information’s to illiterate people. Non-verbal
communication can overcome the barriers of language. Like electric poles, electric
apparatus etc. are marked with a skull & cross bones as a warning.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Verbal Communication

There are many advantages of verbal communication. Some of them are as follows:
1. Accuracy & Conciseness – As a result of serious thinking & planning, verbal
communication is generally free from errors. & at the same time, since it is planned, it is
concise, for there is nothing unnecessary.
2. Permanent records – This type of communication has one more advantage, as it
provides a permanent record for future reference. It can prove very useful & serve as a
document whenever it is required.
3. Legal Value – Verbal communication has legal acceptability.

4. No Misunderstanding – Since verbal communication is done in a planned way; there

isn’t any possibility of misunderstanding on the part of receiver.
5. Social & Professional need – For the professional growth & in order to survive in this
cut throat competition age one needs to be good at verbal communication. Man satisfies his
needs & desires through exchange of written & spoken words. Thus Verbal
communication is a social as well as professional need.
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The Demerits of Verbal communication are as follows:

It goes without saying that the verbal communication is of great importance & use but,
verbal communication alone cannot be very effective. It is necessary for one & all to make
use of the non-verbal communication along with verbal communication such as body
language, facial expressions, eye-contact, gestures & postures etc. for effective
communication. Communication is perfect & complete only when there is the combination
of verbal & non-verbal communication. In fact a successful & planned communication is a
combination of both verbal & non-verbal communication. Both of them go together.
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Types of Non-Verbal Communication

1. Kinesics 2. Oculesics 3. Haptics 4. Proxemics 5.Paralanguage 6.Appearance 7.Chronemics

Kinesics:

This involves the study of the body movements such as facial expressions, gestures and
postures.

1. Facial Expressions:
Facial expressions include smiling, frowning, eye rolling, making eye contact, scowling
and appearing bored or interested. Facial expression is another dimension of our body
language. Normally our face easily reveals our emotions. Facial expression sometimes
reveals the truth which the speaker is trying to hide behind the words. In case if there is
any mismatch between the actions & words, we always trust action over words.

2. Gestures:
A Gesture is a visible bodily action that may express complete meaning. It refers to the uses
of fingers, hands, and arms for expression point of view. In simple words we can say that
Gesture means use of body parts for convincing something. Gestures may reveal the
mindset of the communicator & conveys thoughts through voluntary or involuntary
physical movements.

For eg. If a person is nervous or upset, his/her hand may tremble. Although most of the gesture
that we make is voluntary yet, we may sometimes send negative message or signals by
making some inappropriate or involuntary gestures.

Using positive physical gestures requires conscious effort & practice but it will definitely
worth a lot. Positive & appropriate gesture can make our communication more effective

3. Postures:
Although this is the last yet it is very-very important component of body language. Our
posture simply talks about our personality. It may tell that whether a person is bold,
confident, brave & dynamic or a person is timid, coward, shy, submissive& service fellow.
Similarly our body movements give important signals about our personality.

Oculesics:

It is the study of eye movement during communication, Eyes are said to be mirror or
window to our soul. Our eyes are usually the mirror of our trust & innermost feelings. That
is why we normally believe in that person who maintains eye contact with us during
communication.
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On the contrary we don’t believe in that person who doesn’t maintain eye contact with us.
Since the eyes are probably the most accurate predictor of our feelings & attitudes, we
should know how to use good & positive eye contact. Good or positive eye contact
improves the effectiveness of a verbal message during oral interaction.

Haptics:

Haptics means the role of touch in nonverbal communication. Touch is a very importanttool
of communication for both humans as well as animals. In fact it is the first way of
communication and bonding between a newborn and the mother.

Touch includes handshakes, a pat on the shoulder or on the back, backslapping, putting
your hand around your friend’s neck, hugs etc. A touch can convey a wide range of
emotions and intentions such as love, care, comfort, domination, nervousness and
reassurance. Touch is sometime very subtle, but the more subtle it is, the more meaningful
it becomes. Touch sometimes helps in releasing the tension and to make friendly
atmosphere.
Proxemics:

Proxemics is the study of the physical distance or separation between two individuals.
Every culture has different levels of physical closeness appropriate to different types of
relationship, and individuals learn these distances from the society in which they grew up.
In today’s multicultural society, it is important to consider the range of non-verbal codes as
expressed in different ethnic groups. When someone violates an ‘appropriate’ distance,
people may feel uncomfortable or defensive.
In the west, four distances have been defined according to the relationship between the
people involved. They are as follows:-

(A) Intimate Distance- 45 CM

(B) Personal Distance- 45 CM to 1.2 M
(C) Social Distance- 1.2 M to 3.5 M
(D) Public Distance- 3.6 M to 4.5 M
Paralanguage:
This refers to the tone of voice as anon-verbal part of language during oral communication.
When we talk, apart from the factual words we speak, the receiver
gets numerous further inputs about us. Our voice reveals our age and gender, if we're making a
telephonic discussion.

Appearance:

It is the most talked about part of non-verbal communication these days. People have
become much more conscious about dressing up and grooming than they used to be a
decade ago. Now professionals want to ‘look’ professional. They know that to be taken
seriously, you have to pay serious attention to the way you present yourself. You must
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have heard and read millions of times ‘

The first impression is the last impression’. A study has proved that the first thirty seconds
of a conversation decide whether it will have a desired outcome or not.
The physical attributes cannot be changed but one can definitely dress smartly to leave a
positive impression on people. Casual dressing should be avoided. Chunky and noisy
jewelry should be avoided. Very high heels are not a practical choice in workplace and
nor the strong perfumes and garnish makeup. Men must keep their hair and nails
trimmed and clean all the time.

Chronemics:
It refers to time as a tool used for effective communication. Such as: Punctuality,
lengthened timings of meetings, waiting time etc. Time is something that we do not give
the due importance to, apart from meeting the deadlines.
The time is gaining significance now as both employers and employees are looking for a
‘good time’ to communicate in order to save time and energy, and ensuring the effectiveness
of communication.

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Activities

Q1. Write a short not