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Nested & Self referential Structure

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10 views

Nested & Self referential Structure

Uploaded by

21l121
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Recall

• Structure
• Syntax
• Declaration & Access
• typedef
• Array of Structures

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 1
Outline
• Nested structure
• Separate structure
• Embedded structure

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 2
Nested structures
• one structure within another structure
• To create complex data types
• There are two ways for nesting.
– By separate structure
– By Embedded structure

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 3
Separate structure
• Create two structures struct Date
{
• The dependent structure int dd;
should be used inside int mm;
int yyyy;
the main structure as a };
member. struct Employee
{
int id;
char name[20];
struct Date doj;
}emp1;

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 4
Embedded structure
• Create two structures struct Employee
{
• declare the structure int id;
inside the structure char name[20];
struct Date
• less line of codes {
• it can not be used in int dd;
int mm;
multiple data structures int yyyy;
}doj;
}emp1;

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 5
Accessing Nested Structure
• Syntax
Outer_Structure.Nested_Structure.member
• Example
– e1.doj.dd
– e1.doj.mm
– e1.doj.yyyy

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 6
Passing structure to function
#include<stdio.h> void display(struct employee);
struct address void main ()
{ {
char city[20]; struct employee e;
int pin; scanf("%s %s %d ",e.name,e.add.city,
}; &e.add.pin);
struct employee display(emp);
{ }
char name[20]; void display(struct employee emp)
struct address add; {
}; printf("%s %s
%d",e.name,e.add.city,e.add.pin);
}
6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 7
Structure Pointer
• points to the address of a memory block where
the Structure is being stored
• Declaration & Initialization
– Inside and outside of the main() function.
struct structure_name *ptr;
ptr = &structure_variable; // Initialization
Or
struct structure_name *ptr = &structure_variable;

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 8
Access Structure member using
pointer
• There are two ways to access the member of
the structure using Structure pointer:
– Using ( * ) asterisk or indirection operator and
dot ( . ) operator.
– Using arrow ( -> ) operator or membership
operator.

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 9
Access Structure member using
pointer
#include<stdio.h> s2->code=3251;
#include <string.h> strcpy((*s2).name, "C");
struct subject
printf( "subject 1: %d %s\n",
{ int code;
s1.code, s1.name);
char name[50];
}; printf( "subject 2: %d %s\n",
int main( ) (*s2).code, s2->name);
{ return 0;
struct subject s1; }
struct subject *s2;
s2=&s1;
//Use &s2->code in scanf

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 10
Self Referential Structures
• Structures that have one or more pointers
which point to the same type of structure, as
their member.
• structures pointing to the same type of
structures
• Note: pointer should be initialized properly
before accessing, as by default it contains
garbage value.

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 11
Example
struct node {
int data1;
char data2;
struct node* link;
};

int main()
{
struct node ob;
return 0;
}

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 12
Types
• Self Referential Structure with Single Link
– only one self-pointer as their member.

• Self Referential Structure with Multiple Links


– Self referential structures with multiple links can
have more than one self-pointers.
– Many complicated data structures can be easily
constructed using these structures.

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 13
Applications
• useful in creation of other complex data
structures like:
– Linked Lists
– Stacks
– Queues
– Trees
– Graphs

6/25/2022 C.P.Shabariram 14

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