ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL UNCHI BASSI

UT I ANSWER KEY
SUBJECT- PHYSICS
CLASS XII(2024-25)
TIME : 3 hrs
M.M :70
Q.NO 1 TO 10 CARRY 1 MARKS EACH AND Q NO 11 TO 19 CARRY 2 MARKS EACH , QNO. 20
TO 28 CARRY 3 MARKS EACH AND QNO. 29 TO 31 CARRY 5 MARKS EACH.

SECTION - A

∴ The emf of each cell = 6/3 = 2V

1. Total emf of three cells in series = P.D corresponding to zero current = 6V

1
2. Def: It is defined as the amount of work done in bringing the charge from infinity to its position in the
system in the electricfield of another charge without acceleration.
V = Er.
1

3. Same
1

4.

(1/2+1/2)

5 5V 1

6.

7. No work is done
[W = q VAB = q × 0 = 0, since potential remains constant]
(1/2+1/2)
8. For both wires R and l are same and ρ copper < p manganin.

∴ A copper < A manganin

(1/2+1/2)

i.e. Manganin wire is thicker than copper wire.

9. d. 1
1

9. a. 1
1

SECTION - B

10. Conductivity. The reciprocal of the resistivity of the material of a conductor is called its conductivity ‘σ’

The SI unit of conductivity is Ohm-1 metre-1 (Ω-1im-1’).

(1+1)
11. Line B corresponds to C1
Reason: Since slope of ‘B’ is less than that of ‘A’.
(1+1)

12. Consider an electric dipole consisting of two points charged -q and +q and seperated by distance 2a. Let
P be a point on the axis of the dipole at a distance r from its centre O.

(1+1/2+1/2)
Electric potential at point P due to dipole is,
V = V 1 + V2

13. Electric potential. Scaler (1+1)

14. With increase in temperature, the relaxation time (average time between successive collisions)
decreases and hence resistivity increases. Also,

(1+1)
resistivity increases, as x decreases with increase in temperature.

15. For stable equilibrium, a dipole is placed parallel to the electric field.

For unstable equilibrium, a dipole is placed antiparallel to the electric field. (1+1)
17.
(1+1)

18. Answer:
Gauss’ Law states that “the total flux through a closed surface is 1ε0 times the net charge enclosed by

Let σ be the surface charge density (charge per unit area) of the given sheet and let P be a point at
distance r from the sheet where we have to find E→

Choosing point P’, symmetrical with P on the other side of the sheet, let us draw a Gaussian cylindrical
surface cutting through the sheet as shown in the diagram. As at the cylindrical part of the Gaussian
surface, E→ and dS→ are at a right angle, the only surfaces having E→ and dS→ parallel are the
plane ends

(1+1)
…[As E is outgoing from both plane ends, the flux is positive.
This is the total flux through the Gaussian surface.
 This value is independent of r. Hence, the electric field intensity is same for all points near the charged
sheet. This is called uniform electric field intensity.

19. Consider an electric dipole consisting of charges + q and – q and of length 2a placed in a uniform
electric field E→ making an angle θ with it. It has a dipole moment of magnitude,
(0.5+0.5+0.5+0.5)

Hence the net translating force on a dipole in a uniform electric field is zero. But the two equal and opposite
forces act at different points of the dipole. They form a couple which exerts a torque.
Torque = Either force × Perpendicular distance between the two forces

X = pE sin θ [ ∵ p = q × 2a; p is dipole moment]

x = qE × 2a sin θ

As the direction of torque τ⃗ is perpendicular to p⃗ and E⃗ , so we can write τ⃗ =p⃗ ×E→

SECTION - C
20. Drift speed gained by an electron under the effect of electric field E→ in a conductor is

(1+1+1)
ρ=mne2τ between resistivity and relaxation time of electrons.

21. Answer:

(1+1+1)
(ii) Electrostatic potential energy of the system is

22.Since the field is everywhere radial, flux through the two ends of the cylindrical Gaussian surface is
zero. At the cylindrical part of the surface, E is normal to the surface at every point, and its magnitude
is constant, since it depends only on r. The surface area of the curved part is 2πrl, where l is the
length of the cylinder.

Flux through the Gaussian surface = Flux through the curved cylindrical part of the surface is zero. At the
cylindrical part of the surface, E is normal to the surface at every point, and its magnitude is constant, since at
every point, and its magnitude is constant, since it depends only on r. The surface area of the cylinder.

Flux through the Gaussian surface = Flux through the curved cylindrical part of the surface
= E × 2πrl
 (1+1+1)
(a) Electric field due to an infinitely long thin straight wire is radial.
(b) The Gaussian surface for a long thin wire of uniform linear charge density
The surface includes charge equal to λl.
Gauss’s law then gives

23. Answer:

(1+1+1)
(ii) τ = p⃗ ×E→ = pE sin θ
For θ = π2, sin θ = 1 and τ is maxximum

24. Answer:
(i) Here q1 = 20 × 10-6C, q2 = -4 × 10-6C
and AB = 50 cm = 0.50 m = 0.5 m Let AP = x then PB = 0.5 – x

(1+1+1)
25. Answer:
Let C1, C2 and C3 be the capacitances of three capacitors. But these three capacitors are of same
capacitance, so C is the capacitance of each capacitor.

(1+1+1)
26. Answer:
Applying loop rule to loop PQRP
-4 = 60(I – I1) – 20 I1 = 0
or – 4 = 60I – 60I1 – 20I1
or 20I1 -15 I = 1 …[+ by 4 …(i)]
Applying loop Yule to loop PRSP, we get
-5 + 200 I + 20 I1 = 0
4I1 + 40 I = 1 …[+ by 5 …(ii)]

∴ Reading of milli ammeter = 0.064 A

(1+1+1)

OR
 Answer:

27. .Answer:
Definition : Drift velocity is defined as the velocity with which fress electrons in a conductor get drifted in a
direction opposite to the direction of the applied field. Its unit is m-1s and dimensions [LT-1]

(1+1+1)
Expression : The magnitude of electric field set up across the conductor is given by
E = Vl
Let n be the number of free electrons per unit volume of the conductor.
Then, total number of free electrons in the conductor
= n × Volume of the conductor
Hence, Q = (nAl)e
Time taken by the charge to cross the conductor length l is given by

28. . Answer:
Electric dipole moment: It is the product of the magnitude of either charge and distance between them.

It is a vector quantity whose direction is from negative to positive charge.

Electric field intensity at P due to +q charge is

Electric field intensity at P due to -q charge is,

 (1+1+1)

29. Answer:
(a) When a charge of one coulomb produces a potential difference of one volt between the plates of
capacitor, the capacitance is one farad.
 1
(b)
Capacity of a parallel plate capacitor. A parallel plate capacitor consists of two large plane parallel conducting
plates separated by a small distance. We first take the intervening medium between the plates to be vaccum.
Let A be the area of each plate and d the separation between them. The two plates have charges Q and – Q.
Since d is much smaller than the linear dimension of the plates (d2 << A), we can use the result on electric
field by an infinite plane sheet of uniform surface charge density. Plate 1 has surface charge density σ = Q/A
and Plate 2 has a surface charge density -σ, the electric field in different region is:

1+1

In the inner region between the plates 1 and 2, the electric fields due to the two charged plates add up, giving

The capacitance C of the parallel plate capacitor is then

 (c) In series combination, charge on each capacitor is same.

1+1

OR

(a) Potential at a point due to an electric dipole : Let us consider an electric dipole consisting of two equal

calculate potential at a point P, whose polar co-ordinates are (r, 0); i.e. OP = r and ∠BOP = θ, as shown
and opposite charges -q at A and +q at B, separated by a distance 21 with centre at O. We have to

in the figure.
Here AP = r1, and BP = r2, we can easily calculate potential as P due to point charges at A and B

1+1+1
Total potential at P due to both the charges of the dipole is given by
v = v1 + v2

To put this result in a more convenient form, we draw normals from A and B on the line joining O and P.
From ∆BOD, we note that OD = l cos θ and from ∆OAC we note that OC = l cos θ. For a small dipole (AB
<< OP), from the figure, we can take PB = PD and PA = PC.
Hence r1 = r + l cos θ,
Using these results in equation (1), we get
where we have neglected the term containing second power of l since l << r
In terms of dipole (p = q × 21), we can express this result as

This result shows that unlike the potential due to a point charge, the potential due to a dipole is inversely
proportional to the square r of the distance.
Let us now consider its special cases.
Special Cases
Case I : When point P lies on the axial line of the dipole on the side of positive charge,
θ = 0 and cos θ = 1
Then equation (ii) reduces to

Case II : When point P lies on the axial line of the dipole but on the side of negative charge,
θ = 180° and cos θ = 1

Case III :When point P lies on the equatorial line of the dipole (perpendicular bisector of AB), θ = 90° and
cos θ = 0
Then Vequitorial = 0 … (i)
Thus, electric potential due to a dipole is zero at every point on the equatorial line of the dipole.

In second case, these two apartments are in parallel, their net capacity would be the sum of two individual
capacitances
C2 = C’2 + C”2

1+1
Since these are identical capacitors, comparing (i) and (ii),
We have C1 = C2
30 A) Kirchhoff’s rules.
 0. Kirchhoff’s junction rule : At any junction, the sum of the currents entering the junction is equal to the
sum of currents leaving the junction.
1+1
1. Kirchhoff’s loop rule : The algebraic sum of changes in potential in any closed loop involving resistors
and cells is zero.

These two laws are justified on the basis of law of conservation of charge and the law of conservation of
energy respectively.

b) Conditions for the balance condition in a Wheatstone bridge :

Applying Kirchhoff’s loop rule to closed loop ADBA, 1+1+1

This is the required balance condition in a Wheatstone bridge arrangement.

31 Answer:

1
On disconnecting the battery, the charge q on the capacitor plates remains unchanged.
If the distance d is doubled, then

2+1+2