DRIVEN AUTO SALES

DRIVEN AUTO SALES

A Report of Mini Project work submitted in partial

Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Submitted By:

Thomaskutty P B
Reg.No:220021083855

Under the guidance of Mr. Shan Augustine MSc

(Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science)

Department of Computer Science

MAR AUGUSTHINOSE COLLEGE,

RAMAPURAM
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University)

Ramapuram - 686576

2022-2025

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DRIVEN AUTO SALES

MAR AUGUSTHINOSE COLLEGE

RAMAPURAM
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project work entitled “DRIVEN AUTO

SALES” is a bonafide report of the mini project done by THOMASKUTTY P B
(Reg No: 220021083855),during the academic year 2024- 2025 for the partial
fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Computer Applications
from Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam.

Mr. Prakash Joseph MCA Mr.Shan Augustine

Head of the Department Assistant Professor

Viva – voice Examination conducted on ............................ at

Mar Augusthinose College, Ramapuram

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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DECLARATION

I , Thomaskutty P B, hereby declare that the project work Entitled “DRIVEN

AUTO SALES ” is a record of bonafide project carried out by me under the
supervision and guidance of Mr. Shan Augustine MSc , Assistant Professor ,
Department of Computer Science , Mar Augusthinose College , Ramapuram. We
also declare that it has not been previously submitted for the award of any
Degree, Diploma or similar titles by any University or similar other institutions.

THOMASKUTTY P B

Place : Ramapuram
Date :

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, I thank God Almighty, whose blessings were always with us and helped
us to complete this project work successfully.

I acknowledge our deepest gratitude to Dr. Joy Jacob MA, MPHIL, PhD
principal for permitting us to do this project.

I express our sincere and profound thanks to Mr. Prakash Joseph MCA, Head
of the Department of computer science, for giving us an opportunity to do this
project.

I express our greatest gratitude to Mr. Shan Augustine MSc, Assistant professor,
Mar Augusthinose College, Ramapuram for her valuable guidance and
encouragement for completing this project.

Words are boundless to express our gratitude to all the faculty and members of
the Computer Science Department for their timely help and support.

I wish to extend our grateful thanks to Mr. Ditto Joseph Computer

Programmer and System Administrator for his technical support, valuable
advice and guidance throughout the project.

I wish to extend our grateful thanks to management and staff, of Mar

Augusthinose College, Ramapuram, for their valuable support to carry out
this project work.

Finally, We express our deep appreciation to all our friends and family
members for the moral support and encouragement they have given to complete
this project successfully.

THOMASKUTTY P B

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ABSTRACT
The Vehicle Management System is a dynamic web-based platform developed
using PHP and MySQL, designed to simplify and enhance the process of buying
and selling second-hand vehicles. The platform offers a seamless user experience
for both sellers and buyers, ensuring that transactions occur smoothly and
securely. Users can register on the site, create detailed listings for vehicles they
wish to sell, and potential buyers can browse through the available options,
express interest, and communicate directly with the sellers. The system acts as an
intermediary that connects buyers and sellers in a streamlined, user-friendly
interface, reducing the traditional complexities of second-hand vehicle trading.
One of the core aspects of the Vehicle Management System is the admin approval
process, which ensures that only verified and high-quality vehicle listings appear
on the platform. When a user submits a vehicle for sale, the listing must first be
reviewed and approved by an admin before it is displayed publicly. This feature
acts as a safeguard against fraudulent or misleading listings, adding a layer of
security and trust to the system. The admin can review the details of the vehicle,
verify its authenticity, and either approve or reject the listing based on predefined
criteria. This process not only maintains the credibility of the platform but also
ensures that potential buyers are presented with accurate and legitimate options. In
conclusion, the Vehicle Management System is an innovative and comprehensive
solution aimed at revolutionizing the process of buying and selling second-hand
vehicles. By providing a structured and user-friendly environment, along with
admin moderation to ensure the authenticity of listings, the platform addresses
many of the challenges faced by users in traditional marketplaces.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.Introduction --------------------------------------------------------1
1.1 Software Introduction ------------------------------------------2
1.2 Background and Motivation------------------------------------2
2. System Study------------------------------------------------------- 5
2.1 System Study ----------------------------------------------------6
2.2 Existing System -------------------------------------------------7
2.3 Proposed System ----------------------------------------------- 7
3. System Analysis---------------------------------------------------- 8
3.1 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------9
3.2 Stakeholders In The Project -----------------------------------9
3.3 Feasibility study ------------------------------------------------10
3.4 Software Development Lifecycle Model --------------------11
3.5 Hardware & Software Requirements-------------------------12
4. System Design------------------------------------------------------16
4.1 Input Design ----------------------------------------------------- 16
4.2 Output Design --------------------------------------------------- 19
4.3 Database Design ------------------------------------------------- 21
4.4 Tables ------------------------------------------------------------- 24
4.5 Data Flow Diagram --------------------------------------------- 29
4.6 Sitemap Diagram ------------------------------------------------ 34

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5. System Testing ----------------------------------------------------- 35

5.1 Testing Procedures ---------------------------------------------- 36
5.2 Testing Methodologies ----------------------------------------- 36
6. Implementation and Maintenance ----------------------------- 39
7. Future Scope Of The Project------------------------------------ 42
8. Conclusion -----------------------------------------------------------44
9. Bibliography --------------------------------------------------------46
10. Screenshots --------------------------------------------------------48

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INTRODUCTION

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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 SOFTWARE INTRODUCTION
The DRIVEN AUTO SALES Online Vehicle Platform is designed to make
purchasing second-hand vehicles easy and enjoyable for all types of buyers. It
offers a wide selection of cars, ensuring a smooth and efficient shopping
experience. The platform allows customers to browse, select, and purchase
vehicles from various makes, models, and styles. Users can easily access
comprehensive vehicle details, including high-quality images, descriptions, and
prices.
Key features include:
• Easy Browsing: Customers can quickly find vehicles by navigating through
categories or using the search function to locate specific makes or models.
• User-Friendly Interface: The website is intuitive and easy to navigate,
creating a hassle-free experience for all users.
• Secure Payments: Buyers can shop with confidence, knowing that their
payment information is securely protected.
• Customer Reviews: Potential buyers can read reviews from others to make
well-informed decisions.
DRIVEN AUTO SALES aims to be the go-to platform for second-hand
vehicle shopping, making it simple and convenient to find the right car for every
buyer’s needs.
1.2 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION

The DRIVEN AUTO SALES Platform aims to create an efficient and user-
friendly online system for purchasing second-hand vehicles for a diverse range of
buyers. With the growing shift towards digital shopping, it's essential to
streamline the car-buying process, allowing customers to easily find the ideal
vehicle to meet their needs. This project focuses on enhancing the purchasing
experience by offering a wide selection of makes and models, intuitive
navigation, and helpful tools to support informed decision-making. By providing
features that allow users to explore various options, view detailed vehicle
information, and communicate with customer support, the platform aims to
deliver a seamless, convenient, and satisfying vehicle shopping experience for all.
This outline highlights the background and motivation driving the
DRIVENAUTOSALES.

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BACKGROUND
• Market Demand: Used vehicles are in constant demand across various
buyer demographics, as they provide a cost-effective option for those
seeking reliable transportation. An online platform can meet this
demand by offering a wide range of vehicle options for different
budgets, preferences, and needs.
• Efficiency: Traditional car shopping is often time-intensive, requiring
visits to multiple dealerships. An online platform centralizes a broad
selection of second-hand vehicles, allowing users to browse, compare,
and interest vehicles conveniently, enhancing the efficiency of the car-
buying process.
• Accessibility: An online platform increases accessibility, allowing
potential buyers to explore vehicle options from any location, making
the process more inclusive and eliminating the need for in-person visits
to multiple locations.
• User Experience: A well-designed site boosts user experience with
features like detailed vehicle descriptions, customer reviews, and
virtual walk-throughs or 360-degree views, making it easy for users to
find a vehicle that meets their preferences and needs.
• Data Management: The platform manages vehicle listings, customer
inquiries reducing the administrative burden on the dealership and
providing a seamless shopping experience for buyers.
• Safety: A trusted online platform offers, verified seller reviews and
easy returns or inspections, helping buyers feel secure and confident
about their purchases.

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MOTIVATIONS
• Convenience: An online vehicle platform allows customers to browse,
compare, and purchase used cars in one place, saving time and
reducing the hassle of visiting multiple dealerships.
• Transparency: Detailed vehicle information, including photos,
specifications, and pricing, helps customers make informed choices
and eliminates unexpected surprises.
• Innovation: Integrating technology like 360-degree vehicle views,
advanced search filters creates a modern and engaging shopping
experience.
• Scalability: A robust online platform can easily expand by adding new
vehicles, features, or extending service to additional regions, making it
a scalable solution for the business.
The goal of the DRIVEN AUTO SALES project is to build a user-friendly
platform that makes it easy for customers of all backgrounds to browse,
search, and purchase second-hand vehicles. By providing a wide range of
makes and models, the website will include detailed vehicle descriptions,
high-quality images, and essential information on condition and
specifications. It aims to enhance the shopping experience with secure
payment options, user reviews, and personalized recommendations, making
vehicle purchasing convenient and enjoyable. Through innovative
technology, the project seeks to simplify car buying for customers and drive
growth for the business.

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SYSTEM STUDY

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2 SYSTEM STUDY
2.1 SYSTEM STUDY
System study is in detailed analysis of various operations and their
relationship within and outside the system. It is the first step in developing and
managing systems.
o Fact Finding Techniques:
The specific methods analysts use for collecting data about requirements are
called fact-finding techniques. These include the interview, questionnaire, record
inspection and observation.
o Record Review:
Many kinds of records and reports can provide analysis with valuable
information about organizations and operations. In record reviews, analysts
examine information that has been recorded about the system and users. Records
include written policy manuals, regulations and standard operating procedures used
by most organization as a guide for managers and employees.
o Observation:
Observation allows analysts to gain information they can’t obtain by any other
fact- finding method. Through observation, analysts can obtain first-hand
information about how activities are carried out. This method is most useful when
analysts need to actually observe. How documents are handled, how processes are
carried out andwhether specified steps actually followed.
o Interview:
Analysts use interviews to collect information from individuals or from groups.
The respondents are generally current users of the existing system or potential
users of the proposed system. In some instances, the respondents may be
managers or employees who provide data for the proposed system or who will be
affected by it. It is important to remember that respondents and analysts converse
during an interview, the respondents and analysts with opportunities for gathering
information from respondents who have been chosen for their knowledge of the
system under study. This method is frequently the best source of study.

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2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

Royal Cars, a company specializing in second-hand vehicles, encounters

multiple challenges with traditional in-person sales. Prospective buyers must
physically visit dealerships, where they often face limited inventory, making it
difficult to find the exact model, make, or condition they prefer. This often leads
to frustration and wasted time spent searching through available options, only to
find that their preferred vehicle is out of stock or unavailable in the desired
specifications.
Royal Cars also struggles with inventory management inefficiencies, as
displayed stock levels aren't always accurately reflected, leading to disappointed
customers and missed sales opportunities. Additionally, buyers are restricted by
dealership hours and may need to visit several locations to compare prices or
models, making the buying process lengthy and inconvenient.

2.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed DRIVEN AUTO SALES Online Vehicle Management

Platform is designed to improve the vehicle purchasing experience by addressing
the limitations of traditional car dealerships. Developed with HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript for the front end and PHP with MySQL for the backend, this
interactive platform delivers a seamless and engaging user experience while
reducing operational costs. Key features include easy vehicle browsing, allowing
customers to explore a wide selection of second-hand cars in various makes,
models, and conditions. The user account management system enables customers
to track inquiries, save preferences, and receive tailored recommendations based
on their browsing history. In addition, administrators can efficiently manage
vehicle listings, review and approve user-submitted listings, and monitor sales
reports, enhancing overall operational efficiency. Robust user authentication
safeguards personal information, maintaining customer trust and confidentiality.
By leveraging modern web technologies, DRIVEN AUTO SALES aims to
provide a centralized, user-friendly online platform that makes finding and
purchasing second-hand vehicles convenient, secure, and enjoyable for all users.

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SYSTEM ANALYSIS

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3 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Software Engineering is the analysis, design, construction, verification and
management of technical or social entities. To engineer software accurately, a
software engineering process must be defined. System analysis is a detailed study of
the various operations performed by the system and their relationship within and
module of the system. It is a structured method for solving the problems related to
the development of a new system. The detailed investigation of the present system
is the focal point of system analysis. This phase involves the study of present system
and identification of system objectives. Information has to be collected from all
people who are affected by or who use the system. During analysis, data are collected
on the variable files, decision point and transactions handled by the present
system. The main aim of system is to provide the efficient and user-friendly
automation. So, the system analysis process should be performed with extreme
precision, so that inaccurate picture of existing system, its disadvantages and the
requirements ofthe new system can be obtained.
System analysis involves gathering the necessary information and
using the structured tool for analysis. This includes the studying existing system
and its drawback, designing a new system and conducting cost benefit analysis.
System analysis is a problem-solving activity that requires intensive
communication between the system users and system developers. The system is
studied to the minute detail and analyzed. The system is viewed as a whole and
the inputs to the system are identified. The outputs from the organization
are traced through various phases of processing of inputs.

3.2 STAKEHOLDERS IN THE PROJECT

3.2.1 CUSTOMER

Customers are the primary users and key stakeholders of the DRIVEN
AUTO SALES system, which is designed to simplify the process of finding and
expressing interest in second-hand vehicles online. The system offers a range of
features to enhance the browsing experience. Customers can quickly register on
the platform, explore a wide selection of vehicles across various makes and
models, and find options that match their preferences. Once they find a vehicle of
interest, customers can indicate their interest, contact the seller, and view detailed
information securely to facilitate a smooth and informed buying experience.

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3.2.2 ADMIN
The admin is solely responsible for overseeing the DRIVEN AUTO SALES
platform, and there is only one admin in the system. As with any platform, issues
may arise, and it is the admin’s duty to address these, such as resolving disputes
or ensuring that users adhere to the system’s guidelines. The admin monitors the
activity of each customer and has the authority to add, update, or delete vehicle
listings. Additionally, the admin manages customer inquiries, including approving
or rejecting them, to ensure a secure and orderly transaction process.

FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility analysis is a system proposal according to its workability, impact

on the organization, ability to meet client and user needs and efficient use of
resources. The key consideration that are involved in the feasibility analysis are :

1. Technical Feasibility
2. Economic Feasibility
3. Operational Feasibility

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
Technical feasibility concentrates on the existing computer system (hardware,
software etc.) and to what extent it can support the proposed software. The
hardware and software requirements are industry standards. Here no extra
expenditure is expected. This system is technically feasible. The consideration
that are normally associated with technical feasibility include:

• Development risk can the system element be designed so that the

necessary function and performance is achieved within the constraints
uncovered during the analysis.
• Resource availability are competent team available to develop the system
element in question, are other necessary resources (hardware &
software)available to build the system.
• Technology has the relevant technology progressed to a state that will
support the system.

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ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating

effectiveness of the proposed system. More commonly known as cost-benefit
analysis. This procedure determines the benefits and savings that are expected
from the proposed system and compared with the cost of the existing system. As
this system works as a Computer based system, reduces a lot of manual effort and
thus manpower cost. It also introduces faith and goodwill that can be measured as
an intangible benefit. As they are generated from the Computer based system it
reduces cost and time and is naturally error prone as compared to manual
typewriters.
OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

In operational feasibility, the entire application is checked whether the

system will be used if it is developed and implemented. Also it is checked
whether there will be resistance from users that may undermine the possible
application benefits. There is no barrier for implementing the system. The
system also helps to access the information immediately as required. Thus the
system is found operational feasible.

3.3 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE MODEL

One of the basic notions of the software development process is SDLC
models which stand for Software Development Life Cycle models. SDLC – is a
continuous process, which starts from the moment, when it’s made a decision to
launch the project, and it ends at the moment of its full remove from the
exploitation. Software development lifecycle (SDLC) is a framework that defines
the steps involved in the development of software. It covers the detailed plan for
building, deploying and maintaining the software. SDLC defines the complete
cycle of development i.e. all the tasks involved ingathering a requirement for the
maintenance of a Product. Some of the common SDLC models are Waterfall
Model, V-Shaped Model, Prototype Model, Spiral Model, Iterative Incremental
Model, Big Bang Model, Agile Model. We used Iterative Enhancement Model
for our Project.
Iterative Enhancement Model
The iterative enhancement model is a software development methodology
that focuses on incrementally improving and expanding a system through
successive iterations. Each iteration begins with a simple, working version of the

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software and gradually adds new features or refines existing ones based on user
feedback and called the core or prototype), and with each subsequent iteration,
new functionalities are integrated. This allows for continuous user involvement
and product evolution as more knowledge is gained about the system’s needs.
ADVANTAGES

• Involves users in every step.

• Reduces risk by identifying problems early.
• Flexible and adapts to changes.

3.4 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.4.1 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
This project is built upon the latest technology software.
Front end : HTML, CSS, JavaScript
Development tool : PHP
Database : MySQL
Web server : WAMP server
Operating System : Windows 10
3.4.1.1 PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but
also used as a general-purpose programming language. As of January 2013, PHP was
installed on more than 240 million websites (39% of those sampled) and 2.1
million web servers. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the reference
implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group. While PHP
originally stood for Personal Home Page, it now stands for PHP: Hypertext Pre-
processor, a recursive acronym code can be simply mixed with HTML code, or it
can be used in combination with various templating engines and web frameworks.
PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter, which is usually
implemented as a web server's native module or a Common Gateway Interface
(CGI) executable. After the PHP code is interpreted and executed, the web server
sends resulting output to its client, usually in form of a part of the generated web page
- for example, PHP code can generate a web pages.

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HTML code, an image, or some other data. PHP has also evolved to include
a command-line interface (CLI) capability and can be used in standalone
graphical applications. PHP is free software released under the PHP License. PHP
has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost every
operating system and platform, free of charge
3.4.1.2 MySQL

MySQL is free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU
General Public License, and is also available under a variety of proprietary
licenses. MySQL was owned and sponsored by the Swedish company MySQL
AB, which was bought by Sun Microsystem (now Oracle Corporation). In 2010,
when Oracle acquired Sun, Widenius forked the open source MySQL project to
create Maria DB. High availability: Ensure business continuity with the highest
levels of system availability through technologies that protect data against costly
human errors and minimize disaster recovery downtime. Support can be obtained
from the official manual. Free support additionally is available in different IRC
channels and forums. Oracle offers paid support via its MySQL Enterprise
products. They differ in the scope of services, including MariaDB and Percona.
MySQL has received positive reviews, and reviewers noticed it “performs extremely
well in the average case” and that the “developer interfaces are there, and the
documentation (not to mention feedback in the real world via web sites and the
like) is very good”. It has also been tested to be a “fast, stable and true multi-user,
multi- threaded sql database server”.

3.4.1.3 WAMP SERVER

WAMP Server is a Windows web development environment. It allows you
to create web applications with Apache2, PHP and a MySQL database. Alongside,
PhpMyAdmin allows you to manage easily your databases. WAMP Server refers
to a software stack for the Microsoft Windows operating system, created by Romain
Bourdon and consisting of the Apache web server, Open SSL for SSL support,
MySQL database and PHP programming language. WAMP Server is a Web
development platform on Windows that allows you to create dynamic Web
applications with Apache2, PHP, MySQL and MariaDB. WampServer
automatically installs everything you need to intuitively developed Web
applications.

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3.4.1.4 VISUAL STUDIO

Visual Studio Code is a source-code editor that can be used with a variety of
programming languages, including C, C#, C++, FORTRAN, Go, Java, JavaScript,
Node.js, Python, Rust, and Julia. It is based on the Electron framework, which is
used to develop Node.js web applications that run on the Blink layout engine.
Visual Studio Code employs the same editor component (code named "Monaco")
used in Azure DevOps.
Out of the box, Visual Studio Code includes basic support for most common
programming languages. This basic support includes syntax highlighting, bracket
matching, code folding, and configurable snippets. Visual Studio Code also ships
with Intelligent for JavaScript, Type Script, JSON, CSS, and HTML. Support for
additional languages can be provided by freely available extensions on the VS
CodeMarketplace. Instead of a project system, it allows users to open one or more
directories, which can then be saved in work spaces for future reuse. This allows
it to operate as a language- agnostic code editor for any language. It supports
many programming languages and a setoff features that differs per language.
Unwanted files and folders can be excluded from the project tree via the settings.
Many Visual Studio Code features are not exposed through menus or the user
interfacebut can be accessed via the command palette.
3.4.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
The selection of hardware configuring is a very task related to the software
development, particularly inefficient RAM may affect adversely on the speed and
corresponding on the efficiency of the entire system. The processor should be
powerful to handle all the operations. The hard disk should have the sufficient to
solve the database and the application.

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Hardware used for development:

CPU : Intel i5 Processor

Memory : 4 GB
Cache : 6 MB
Hard Disk : 1 TB
Monitor : 15.6” Monitor
Keyboard : Any
Mouse : Any

Minimum Hardware Required for Implementation:

CPU : Pentium IV Processor

Memory : 256MB Above
Cache : 512 KB Above
Monitor : Any
Keyboard : Any
Mouse : Any

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SYSTEM DESIGN

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4 SYSTEM DESIGN
System design involves the detailed design of the system selected in the system
study phase.
4.1 INPUT DESIGN
The input design is the process of converting the user- oriented inputs into
the computer based format. The data is fed into the system using simple inactive
forms. The forms have been supplied with messages so that the user can enter
data without facing any difficulty. They data is validated wherever it requires in
the project. This ensures that only the correct data have been incorporated into
system. The goal of designing input data is to make the automation as easy and
free from errors as possible. For providing a good input design for the application
easy data input and selection features are adopted. The input design requirements
such as user friendliness, consistent format and interactive dialogue for giving the
right messages and help for the user at right are also considered for development
for thisproject. Input Design is a part of the overall design. The input methods can
be broadly classified into batch and online. Internal controls must be established
for monitoring the number of inputs and for ensuring that the data are valid. The
basicsteps involved in input design are:
• Review input requirements.
• Decide how the input data flow will be implemented.
• Decide the source document.
• Prototype on line input screens.
• Design the input screens.
The quality of the system input determines the quality of the system
output.Input specifications describe the manner in which data enter the system for
processing. Input design features can ensure the reliability of the system and
produce results from accurate data. The input design also determines whether the
user can interact efficiently with the system.

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These is a sample input forms:

This input form is for creating a profile for new customers on the DRIVEN
AUTO SALES platform. It includes fields for entering Name, Phone, District,
Place, Email, and Password. When a user logs in successfully, they will be
redirected to the Vehicles Page, where a variety of vehicles available for sale will
be displayed, allowing customers to easily browse through different makes,
models, and categories. Users can view detailed information about each vehicle,
including images, descriptions, and specifications.
The customer registration form is essential for the platform, as it enables users
to register before logging in, helping to verify their credentials. Each customer
must complete all fields in the form to register successfully. Each field is clearly
labeled, indicating the required information, and placeholders guide users on the
expected input. The form is organized neatly, with labels and input boxes aligned
for a clean appearance. Once completed, users can submit their information to be
stored in the database. It’s crucial that all entered data is accurate according to the
specified field types.

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4.2 OUTPUT DESIGN

A quality output is one, which meets the requirements of end user and
presents the information clearly. In any system result of processing are
communicated to the user and to the other system through outputs. In the output
design it is determined how the information is to be displayed for immediate need.
It is the most important and direct source information is to the user. Efficient and
intelligent output design improves the system’s relationships with the user and
helps in decision -making. The objective of the output design is to convey the
information of all the past activities, current status and to emphasis important
events. The output generally refers to the results and information that is generated
from the system. Outputs from computers are required primarily to communicate
the results of processing to the users. Output also provides a means of storage by
copying the results for later reference in consultation. There is a chance that some
of the end users will not actually operate the input data or information through
workstations, but will see the output from the system.
In our project, outputs are generated as vehicle listing tables, displaying
information about available vehicles along with essential details. Users can
browse these listings and indicate their interest in specific vehicles. This
streamlined setup allows users to quickly view and express interest in vehicles of
their choice, creating an efficient and user-friendly browsing experience.

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In our project, outputs are generated in the form of user management tables,
which display comprehensive information about all registered users and their
details. These tables provide valuable insights into user data, such as contact
information, location, and registration status, allowing administrators to easily
access, review, and manage user accounts. This setup enhances the efficient
handling of user information by presenting a centralized view of all active and
inactive users.
With this organized database, administrators can monitor user activity, track
interest levels in specific vehicle listings, and ensure user interactions align with
platform guidelines. Additionally, the system supports easy updates or
adjustments to user records, facilitating actions such as deactivating accounts if
necessary or updating contact details. By maintaining an organized and accessible
database of registered users, the user management tables enable a streamlined
approach to account oversight, contributing to a secure, reliable, and improved
user experience across the platform.

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4.3 DATABASE DESIGN

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum
redundancyto serve many users quickly and efficiently. The general objective is to
make information access easy, quick, inexpensive and flexible for the users. The
general theme behind a database is to integrate all information. Database design is
recognized as a standard of management information system and is available
virtually for every computer system. In database design several specific objectives
are considered:

• Ease of learning and use

• Controlled redundancy
• Data independence
• Accuracy and integrity

A database is an integrated collection of data and provides centralized access

tothe data. Usually, the centralized data managing the software is called RDBMS. The
main significant difference between RDBMS and other DBMS is the separation
ofdata as seen by the program and data has in direct access to stores device. This is the
difference between logical and physical data.

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4.3.1 NORMALIZATION
Designing a database is complete task and the normalization theory is a useful
aid in the design process. The process of normalization is concerned with
transformation of conceptual schema into computer representation form. There
willbe need for most databases to grow by adding new attributes and new relations.
The data will be used in new ways. Tuples will be added and deleted. Information
stored may undergo updating also. New association may also be added. In such
situations the performance of a database is entirely depend upon its design. A bad
database design may lead to certain undesirable things like:

• Repetition of information
• Inability to represent certain information
• Loss of information
To minimize these anomalies, Normalization may be used. If the database is in
a normalized form, the data can be growing without, in most cases, forcing the
rewriting application programs. This is important because of the excessive and
growing cost of maintaining an organization’s application programs and its data
from the disrupting effects of database growth. As the quality of application
programs increases, the cost of maintaining the without normalization will rise to
prohibitive levels. A normalized database can also encompass many related
activities of an organization thereby minimizing the need for rewriting the
applications of programs. Thus, normalization helps one attain a good database
design and there by ensures continued efficiency of database.
Normalization theory is built around the concept of normal forms. A relation
is said to be in normal form if it satisfies a certain specified set of constraints. For
example, a relation is said to be in first normal form (1NF) if it satisfies the
constraint that it contains atomic values only. Thus, every normalized relation is
in 1NF.Numerous normal forms have been defined. Codd defined the first three
normal forms.
All normalized relations are in 1NF, some 1NF relations are also in 2NF and
some 2NFrelations are also in 3NF.2NF relations are more desirable than 1Nf and
3NF are more desirable than 2NF. That is, the database designer should prefer
3NFthan 1NF or 2NF.Normalization procedure states that a relation that is in some
given normal form can be converted into a set of relations in a more desirable
form.

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We can define this procedure as the successive reduction of a given

collection of relations to some more desirable form. This procedure is reversible.
That is, it is always possible to take the output from the procedure and convert
them back into input. In this process, no information is lost. So, it is also called
“no lossdecomposition”.
First Normal Form
A relation is in first normal form (1NF) if and all its attributes are based on
single domain. The objective of normalizing a table is to remove its repeating
groups and ensure that all entries of the resulting table have at most single value.
Second Normal Form
A table is said to be second Normal Form (2NF), when it is in 1NF and every
attribute in record is functionally dependent upon the whole key, and not just a
part of the key.
Third Normal Form
A table is in third Normal Form (3NF), when it is in 2NF and every non-
key attribute is functionally dependent on just the primary key.
RULES FOR NORMALIZATION
Rule 1: There should be a one-to-one relationship between the instances of an
entity and the rows of the table.
Rule 2: A field should have the same meaning in each row of the table.
Rule 3: Each table should represent at most one entity.
Rule 4: Multiple instances of an entity should be represented by multiple rows in
a table.
Rule 5: Joins should be based only on primary and foreign-key equality.
Rule 6: Make sure keys are linked correctly.

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4.3 TABLES
Table is a collection of complete details about a particular subject. These data
are saved in rows and Columns. The data of each Row are different units. Hence,
rows are called RECORDS and Columns of each row are called FIELDS.
Data is stored in tables, which is available in the backend the items and data,
which are entered in the input, form id directly stored in this table using linking of
database. We can link more than one table to input forms. We can collect the details
from the different tables to display on the output.

1.Table name: company

Field Name Data Type Constraint Description

c_id int Primary key Unique id

c_name Varchar (25) Not Null Company name

cimage Varchar (100) Not Null Image

2.Table name : customer

Field Name Data Type Constraint Description
cid int Primary Unique customer
key identifier.
name Varchar (25) Not Null Customer's full
name.
Phone Varchar (10) Not Null Customer's
phone number.
district Varchar (25) Not Null Customer's
district
place Varchar (25) Not Null Specific place or
locality
email Varchar (50) Not Null Customer's email
address.
password Varchar (10) Not Null Encrypted
password
role Varchar (25) Not Null user's role

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3.Table Name : feedback

Field Name Data Type Constraint Description

fid int Primary Unique id

Key
cid Int Foreign Identifier for the
key customer
feedback text
feedback Varchar Not Null provided by the
(100) customer.

4.Table Name : images

Field Name Data Type Constraint Description

img_id Int Primary key Unique identifier

for each image
v_id Int Foreign key Identifier for the
vehicle
img1 Varchar (100) Not Null URL or path to
the first image
img2 Varchar (100) Not Null URL or path to
the second
image
img3 Varchar (100) Not Null URL or path to
the third image
img4 Varchar (100) Not Null URL or path to
the fourth image
img5 Varchar (100) Not Null URL or path to
the fifth image

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5.Table Name : models

Field Name Data Type Constraint Description
mid Int Primary Key Unique
identifier
cid Int Foreign Key Identifier for the
customer
model_name Varchar (25) Not Null The name of the
vehicle model.

6.Table Name : owner

Field Name Data Type Constraint Description

o_id Int Primary Key Identifier for

owner
v_id Int Foreign Key Identifier for
the vehicle
customer_id Int Not Null Identifier for
the customer
o_name Varchar (25) Not Null name of the
owner
place Varchar (25) Not Null Place of the
owner
contact Varchar (25) Not Null Contact of
the owner

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7.Table Name : vehicle

Field Name Data Type Constraint Description

v_id Int Primary Key Vehicle id

o_id Int Foreign Key Owner id

model_id Int Not Null Model id

cid Int Not Null Customer id

customer_id Int Not Null Owner id

make_year Varchar (20) Not Null Make year

run_km Varchar (20) Not Null Run kilometer

price Varchar (20) Not Null Price of vehicle

img Varchar (100) Not Null Image of vehicle

status Varchar (10) Not Null Status of vehicle

8.Table Name : v_enquiry

Field Data Type Constraint Description
Name
e_id Int Primary Key Identifier for
vehicle enquiry
vid Int Foreign Key Vehicle id

bid Int Not Null Buyer id

oid int Foreign key Owner id

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9.Table Name : buyers

Field Data Type Constraint Description

Name
id Int Primary Key Unique id
vehicle_id Varchar (25) Foreign Key Vehicle id
name Varchar (25) Not Null Name
place Varchar (25) Not Null Place
phone Varchar (10) Not Null Phone no

10.Table Name : carousel

Field Name Data Type Constraint Description

Cid Int Primary Key Carousel id

ImagePath Varchar (100) Not Null Image path
Description Varchar (25) Not Null description

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4.5DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Data Flow Diagram is a network that describes the flow of data and
processes that change, or transform, data throughout the system. This network is
constructed by use a set of symbols that do not imply a physical
implementation. It is a graphical tool for structured analysis of the system
requirements. DFD models a system by using external entities from which data flows
to a process, which transforms the data and creates, output-data-flows which go to
other processes or external entities or files. Data in files may also flow to
processes as inputs.
There are various symbols used in a DFD. Bubbles represent the processes.
Named arrows indicate the data flow. External entities are represented by
rectangles. Entities supplying data are known as sources and those that consume
data are called sinks. Data are stored in a data store by a process in the system.
Each component in a DFD is labelled with a descriptive name. Process names are
further identified with a number.
The Data Flow Diagram shows the logical flow of a system
and defines the boundaries of the system. For a candidate system, it describes the
input (source), outputs (destination), database (files) and procedures (data flow),
all in a format that meet the user’s requirements. The main merit of DFD is that it
can provide an overview of system requirements, what data a system would
process, what transformations of data are done, what files are used, and where the
results flow.
This network is constructed by use a set of symbols that do not imply a
physical implementation. It is a graphical tool for structured analysis of the
system requirements models a system by using external entities from which data
flows to a process, which transforms the data and creates, output-data-flows which
go to other processes or external entities or files. External entities are represented
by rectangles. Entities supplying data are known as sources and those that
consume data are called sinks. Data are stored in a data store by a process in the
system. It isa graphical tool for structured analysis of the system requirements.
DFD models a system by using external entities from which data flows to a
process, which transforms the data and creates, output-data-flows which go to
other processes or external entities or files. Data in files may also flow to
processes as inputs.

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Rules for constructing a Data Flow Diagram

• Arrows should not cross each other

• Squares, circles and files must bear names.
• Decomposed data flow squares and circles can have same time
• Choose meaningful names for data flow
• Draw all data flows around the outside of the diagram

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4.5.1 Basic Data Flow Diagram Symbols

Table Name: Data Flow Diagram Symbols

A data flow is a route, which enables

packets of data to travel from one point
to another. Data may flow from a
source to a process and from data
store or process. An arrow line depicts
the flow, with arrow head pointing in
the direction of the flow.
Circles stands for process that converts
data in to information. A process
represents transformation where
incoming data flows are changed into
outgoing data flows.

A data store is a repository of data that

is to be stored for use by a one or
more process may be as simple as
buffer or queue or sophisticated as
relational database. They should have
clear names. If a process merely uses
the content of store and does not alter it,
the arrowhead goes only from the
store to the process. If a process alters
the details in the store, then a
double-headed arrow is used.
A source or sink is a person or part of
an organization, which enters or
receives information from the system,
but is considered to be outside the
contest of data flow model

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4.5.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Each component in a DFD is labelled with a descriptive name. Process name is
further identified with number. Context level DFD is draw first. Then the process
is decomposed into several elementary levels and is represented in the order of
importance. A DFD describes what data flow (logical) rather than how they are
processed, so it does not depend on hardware, software, and data structure or file
organization.

Zeroth level DFD for Vehichle Management System

First Level DFD for Admin

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First Level DFD for Customer

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4.4 SITE MAP DIAGRAM

A website sitemap is a structured outline that shows the relationships
between different pages, helping users and search engines navigate and understand
the layout of the site effectively. It provides a clear, hierarchical view of main
sections and subsections, making it easier to locate specific information. Sitemaps
are valuable for both user experience and SEO, as they ensure content is organized
logically and can be easily accessed, indexed, and optimized for search engines.

SITE MAP DIAGRAM

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SYSTEM TESTING

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5 SYSTEM TESTING
5.1 TESTINGPROCEDURES

Software testing is essential for the successful development of the DRIVEN

AUTO SALES online platform. This phase ensures the quality and reliability of
the website by verifying that all features meet specifications and function as
intended, providing users with a seamless vehicle shopping experience. Testing
helps identify and resolve any issues within the platform, ensuring it operates
smoothly in real-world scenarios.

Testing begins at the component level, focusing on individual features, and

progresses to full platform integration. Well-designed test cases are crucial for
detecting potential errors, confirming that the platform meets both customer
expectations and performance standards. Detailed test plans and relevant test data
are utilized to validate all functionalities, making testing a critical step in
launching an efficient, user-friendly vehicle purchasing experience on DRIVEN
AUTO SALES.

5.2 TESTING METHODOLOGIES

The DRIVEN AUTO SALES platform undergoes various testing methodologies
to assess critical aspects such as response time, functionality, and security before
it is ready for user acceptance testing. The following testing types are utilized
during this process:
UNIT TESTING
Unit testing focuses on individual components of the DRIVEN AUTO
SALES platform, examining small sections of code independently. Each unit
receives specific inputs, and the outputs are compared to the expected results.
This process ensures that each function operates correctly in isolation, allowing
for the early detection of design issues. For DRIVEN AUTO SALES, unit tests
validate core functionalities such as user registration, vehicle display, inquiry
submission, and communication with sellers. These tests not only enhance code
quality but also help catch minor errors that could impact the user experience,
such as incorrect vehicle details or issues with expressing interest in a vehicle.
Unit testing also improves maintainability, as it enables developers to identify and
correct errors quickly, ensuring the platform remains reliable and responsive.
Additionally, by consistently running tests, developers can track improvements
over time, facilitating the addition of new features while preserving the stability
of existing functionalities.
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INTEGRATION TESTING
After successful unit testing, integration testing is performed to evaluate how
combined modules of the DRIVEN AUTO SALES platform interact with each other.
This phase is essential for verifying that individual components, such as user accounts,
vehicle listings, and inquiry processes, work together smoothly. Integration testing
follows predefined test plans to confirm that critical functions, like expressing interest
in a vehicle and communicating with sellers, operate as expected when integrated.
This testing phase helps identify any issues that may arise from the interactions
between different modules, such as data inconsistencies or unexpected behaviours
ensuring that all parts of the platform work harmoniously, integration testing supports
the performance, reliability, and user experience goals of the DRIVEN AUTO SALES
site, reducing the risk of errors in the live environment. This approach also facilitates
the identification and resolution of any issues that emerge, contributing to a seamless
and cohesive user experience.
VALIDATION TESTING
Validation testing for the DRIVEN AUTO SALES website focuses on
ensuring that user inputs, such as email addresses, passwords, and contact
numbers, meet specific criteria before being processed. This testing checks that
email formats are correct, ensuring they contain the necessary components (e.g.,
an "@" symbol and a valid domain) to prevent invalid registrations. Password
validation enforces strength requirements, such as a minimum length and a mix of
characters, to enhance security. Additionally, the contact number input is
validated to ensure it matches the expected format for phone numbers, reducing
errors in communication with sellers or the platform's support team. By
implementing robust validation testing, DRIVEN AUTO SALES enhances user
experience, improves data integrity, and protects against potential security
vulnerabilities, ensuring a reliable and secure platform for all users.
SYSTEM TESTING
Following the integration phase, system testing evaluates the entire DRIVEN
AUTO SALES platform against specified requirements. This black-box testing
technique assesses the website's functionality from an end-to-end perspective,
ensuring that all components work together seamlessly. Independent testing teams
conduct comprehensive evaluations of both functional aspects—such as vehicle
searches, inquiry submissions, and communication with sellers—and non-
functional aspects like performance and security. System testing verifies
compliance with industry standards, checks data accuracy, and assesses user
interface responsiveness.

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This thorough evaluation ensures a reliable and smooth experience for users,
helping to identify any issues before the platform goes live, ultimately
contributing to a dependable and user-friendly vehicle purchasing environment.
USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Finally, acceptance testing is conducted to validate the functionality of the
DRIVEN AUTO SALES platform using real-world data and scenarios. This
phase is crucial for demonstrating the system's effectiveness to stakeholders and
ensuring it meets their operational needs. Acceptance testing involves end-users
and administrators testing the platform to confirm that it fulfils all specified
requirements and is ready for deployment in a live environment.
In conclusion, thorough testing across all levels—unit, integration, system,
and acceptance—is vital for the successful implementation of DRIVEN AUTO
SALES. This structured approach to testing ensures the platform's reliability and
efficiency while confirming its readiness to meet the diverse demands of
customers in the vehicle sales sector.

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IMPLEMENTATION
AND
MAINTENANCE

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6 IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
` The implementation phase is crucial for transitioning the DRIVEN AUTO
SALES platform from theoretical design to a functional vehicle sales application.
This stage involves deploying the website in a live environment, where its
performance is closely monitored, and outcomes are evaluated. Effective
implementation requires careful planning, analysing current processes, and
understanding any limitations.
Key activities during implementation include migrating existing vehicle data
into a format compatible with the new system, training users (such as
administrators and customer support representatives) to effectively utilize the
platform, and verifying the accuracy of system-generated reports. The primary
goal is to ensure that the tested platform is fully operational while minimizing
costs, risks, and disruptions for users. This involves preparing digital resources,
setting up any necessary infrastructure, and providing comprehensive training to
operational staff.
The transition to the new platform is managed with clear strategies,
including establishing timelines, ensuring data accuracy, and preparing support
materials for users. A successful implementation will not only facilitate a smooth
transition but also enhance the user experience by seamlessly integrating the
system into daily operations.

SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Maintenance activities for the DRIVEN AUTO SALES platform begin
immediately after the implementation phase, ensuring that the website operates
efficiently and adapts to evolving user needs. Maintenance is managed using the
same planning and control methodologies applied during the project and can be
classified into three categories: corrective, adaptive, and preventive.
Corrective Maintenance: This involves addressing any performance failures or
issues that arise after the website goes live. It includes fixing bugs, repairing
processes, and making adjustments to resolve previously unrecognized problems.
Adaptive Maintenance: This type focuses on modifying the platform’s functions
to accommodate changes in market demands or advancements in technology. For
example, integrating new features such as enhanced product filtering or improved
payment options would fall under adaptive maintenance.

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Perceptive Maintenance: This encompasses enhancements to the website's

performance, ensuring it meets users’ changing needs over time. This may
involve upgrading the user interface, optimizing database queries for faster load
times, or implementing user feedback to improve usability.

The implementation view of software requirements serves as a practical

guide for maintaining the DRIVEN AUTO SALES platform. This includes
recognizing constraints imposed by predefined system elements and ensuring that
the platform remains responsive to user needs. By prioritizing maintenance,
DRIVEN AUTO SALES can evolve alongside technological advancements and
shifting user preferences, thus sustaining its effectiveness and relevance in the
competitive vehicle sales landscape.

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FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

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7 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Future expansions of the project for the DRIVEN AUTO SALES platform
include features like automatic generation of listings for parts and accessories, as
well as potential options for direct online purchasing. This would allow
dealerships to implement DRIVEN AUTO SALES as a user-friendly and
comprehensive tool for vehicle and parts management. Enhancements align with
perfective maintenance, focusing on adding, modifying, or redeveloping code to
accommodate specification changes. Keeping up with evolving user needs and
operational shifts is crucial, as perfective maintenance typically requires more
resources than corrective or adaptive maintenance combined. Key benefits
include:

• Ease of Managing and Retrieving Data: Admins can quickly access both
current and historical listings, customer details, and inquiries, making data
management and retrieval more efficient.
• Payment Option : Customers can directly purchase vehicles through online
via secured payment option.

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CONCLUSION

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8 CONCLUSION

The DRIVEN AUTO SALES project has successfully met its defined
objectives, with a trial run yielding highly satisfactory results. The system
streamlines processes, offering straightforward, consistent, and efficient
workflows for both users and administrators. By addressing the limitations of the
previous manual process, the new system provides faster services, with features
such as easy report generation being particularly advantageous for users.
Designed with flexibility in mind, the system can adapt to changes in the
business environment, ensuring it remains relevant. However, to maintain optimal
performance and accurate reporting, users must prioritize data accuracy and
completeness in their entries. While the system boasts numerous benefits, it’s
important to acknowledge potential challenges; ongoing adjustments may be
necessary to enhance functionality and address unforeseen issues.
In conclusion, the DRIVEN AUTO SALES system represents a significant
advancement over the manual process. Users are encouraged to embrace data
accuracy and remain open to ongoing improvements to fully realize the system's
potential benefits.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS REFERRED:
❖ Ramus Lerdorf and Kevin Tatore, “Programming PHP”
❖ Robin Nixon,” Learning PHP, MySQL, and JavaScript”
❖ Elias M. Awed, “System Analysis and Design”
❖ K K Aggarwal, “Software Engineering 3rd Edition”
❖ C. J. Date, “An Introduction to Database System”
❖ James Martin, “Principles of Database Management System”

WEBSITES REFERRED:

❖ https://www.stackoverflow.com
❖ https://www.sqlsolutions.com
❖ https://www.tutorialspoint.com/system_analysis_and_design.html
❖ http://softwaretestingfundamentals.com/test-case/
❖ https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/php-coding-standards/
❖ http://www.wampserver.com/en/
❖ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word
❖ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SmartDraw
❖ https://www.w3schools.com/
❖ https://getbootstrap.com/

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APPENDIX

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10 SCREENSHOTS
1.HOME PAGE

2.ABOUT US AND BRAND NAMES

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3.CONTACT US

4.SIGNIN PAGE

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5.SIGNUP PAGE

6.VEHICLE LISTING

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7.ADD VEHICLE

8.PROFILE MANAGEMENT

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9.ADD COMPANY

10.FEEDBACK

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