MANGALORE UNIVERSITY

National Education Policy – 2020

[NEP-2020]

QUESTION BANK

OF
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

IV SEMESTER B.sc
 UNIT-I
Two marks questions:

1) What is database? Define DBMS

2) What do you mean by defining, constructing, manipulating and sharing a database?
3) Define data abstraction. Give any two levels of abstraction
4) Define query and transaction
5) List the phases of database application
6) List the characteristics of Database approach
7) Give the disadvantages of file processing system.
8) Define Metadata. Give an example
9) What do you mean by program data independence and program-operation
independence?
10) Define Data Model. Give the categories of data model
11) Mention the following
a) actors on the scene
b) workers behind the scene
12) What is redundancy? Which problems may arise while storing redundant data?
13) List the limitations/disadvantages of DBMS
14) Who is a DBA? What are the responsibilities of a DBA?
15) Who are database designers? What are their responsibilities?
16) What is the responsibility of backup and recovery subsystem?
17) What are the advantages of using a DBMS?
18) What does the isolation and atomicity property ensure?
19) Define Entity, Attribute and relationship
20) What is database schema, Schema diagram?
21) What do you mean by database state? When do you say the database state is valid?
22) Define the terms Internal, external and conceptual schema (any two)
23) What do you mean by Logical Data Independence?
24) What do you mean by physical data Independence?
25) What is the purpose of storage manager?
26) List the functions of runtime database processor
27) Discuss about Data Definition language?
28) Discuss about Data Definition language?
29) List the functions of Database System Utilities
30) Define a) meta-data b) data dictionary
31) List various types of attributes?
32) Explain data model and list the types of data model used?
33) Define Single-Valued versus Multivalued Attributes, give example
34) Define Stored versus Derived Attributes, give example
35) Define Composite versus Simple (Atomic) Attributes, give example
36) Composite versus Simple (Atomic) Attributes
 37) Define the terms i) Entity set ii) Relationship set
38) Define the terms i) Key attribute ii) Value set(Domain)
39) What do you mean by relationship type and relationship instances?
40) Define “degree of relationship type”
41) What do you mean by role names in the relationship? Give example
42) What does the cardinality ratio specify? Which are the possible cardinality ratios
for
binary relationship types
43) Define the terms i) Total participation ii) Partial Participation
44) Define weak and strong entity types?
45) What is partial key? Give example
46) Who is Database Administrator?
47) Definition of system designer, tool developer, operator & maintenance personnel.
48) What is meant by restricting unauthorized access?
49) What is deductive database system?
50) Why storage definition language (SDL) is used?
51) Why interfaces for DBA are used?

4,6 Marks questions:

1. What are the characteristics of DBMS? Explain
2. Explain the different categories of End Users in DBMS?
3. Write a short note on
DBA ii. Database Designers
4. Explain the different categories of workers those are associated with the design,
development and operation of the DBMS
5. Explain any four advantages of DBMS
6. Explain the different categories of data models
7. Explain three schema architecture of database with a neat diagram
8. What is data Independence? Explain their types
9. What are the different database languages? Explain with example
10.What are the User friendly interfaces provided by DBMS? Explain any four
11.Write a note on Database system utilities
12.Write a short note on Centralized DBMSs Architecture
13.Write a short note on Client/Server Architectures
14.Explain any four types of attributes with example
15.Write a short note on Entity types and Entity sets
16.Explain Strong and weak entity types in DBMS with example
17.Why constrains are used in Relationship types
18.Explain Relationship Type and cardinality ratio with an example
19.Illustrating with an example explain the term entity, attributes and relationshi
20.Explain the Database System Environment
21.Explain the different types of Database Management System
22.Describe the various symbols used in an ER diagram using example.
23.Explain the various types of attributes used in ER modelling.
24.What is participation role? When is it necessary to use role names in the
description of relationship types?
25.Drawing of ER model of university database application considering the
constraints −
 A university has many departments.
 Each department has multiple instructors (one person is HOD). Here the HOD
refers to the head of department.
 An instructor belongs to only one department.
 Each department offers multiple courses, each subject is taught by a single
instructor.
 A student may enroll for many courses offered by different departments.

26.Draw an ER model of the Banking database application considering the

following constraints −
 A bank has many entities.
 Each customer has multiple accounts.
 Multiple customers belong to a single branch.
 Single customer can borrow multiple loans.
 A branch has multiple employees.

27.Draw an ER model for library management application considering the

following constraints −
 In a library multiple students can enroll.
 Students can become a member by paying an appropriate fee.
 The books in the library are identified by a unique ID.
 Students can borrow multiple books from subscribed libraries.
28.Draw of ER model for company considering the following constraints −
 In a company, an employee works on many projects which are controlled by
one department.
 One employee supervises many employees.
 An employee has one or more dependents.
 One employee manages one department.

UNIT-II
Two marks questions:
1) What is the degree of a relation? What is the degree of the following relation?
STUDENT(Name, SSn, Home_phone, Address, Office_phone, Age, Gpa)
2) Define Cartesian product.
3) What is relation schema? List the characteristics of Relations
4) Define a)tuple b)Attribute c)Domain
5) List any two categories of relational model constraints.
6) Define super key. Give an example
7) What is candidate kay? Give an example
8) What is entity integrity constraint and referential entity constraint?
9) Mention the properties of key in a relational schema
10) What is entity integrity constraint and referential integrity constraint?
11) Give any two basic operations that can change the state of relations in the database
12) What is the function of Insert, update and delete functions?
13) Mention any two update anomalies
14) State interpretations of NULL values
15) Define functional dependency
16) What do mean by “normalization of data”?
17) What is 1NF,2NF,3NF?
18) What is BCNF?
19) What is equivalence sets of functional dependencies?
20) What is minimal sets of functional dependencies?
21) Define atomic value with respect to tuple.
22) What are flat relational models?
23) Define model-based constraints.
24) Define schema-based constraints.
25) What are application-based constraints?
26) What are component values of relation?
27) What does domain constraints specify?
28) Define the term minimal superkey.
29) What is schedule(History)?

4,6 Marks questions:

1) Discuss Domains and attributes with respect to relational scheme
2) Discuss tuples and relations with respect to relational scheme
3) Explain the characteristics of Relations
4) Explain the categories of constraints
5) Write a note on key constraints
6) Discuss Entity integrity and referential integrity constraints
7) Explain the three basic operations that can change the states of relations in the
database
8) Which are the different update anomalies? Discuss
9) Can tuples have null values? Discuss
10) Discuss functional dependencies with example
11) Wrte a note on “normalization of relations”
12) Discuss 1NF with example
13) Discuss 2NF with example
14) Discuss 3NF with example
15) Discuss BCNF with example
16) Consider the universal relation R = {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J}
and the set of
functional dependencies F = { {A, B}→{C}, {A}→{D, E}, {B}→{F},
{F}→{G, H}, {D}→{I, J} }. What is the key for R? Decompose R into 2NF
and then 3NF relations
17) Consider a relation R(A, B, C, D, E) with the following dependencies:
AB → C, CD → E, DE → B Is AB a candidate key of this relation? If not,
is ABD? Explain your answer
18) Given below are two sets of FDs for a relation R(A,B,C,D,E) are they
equivalent?
1.A-B,ABC,DAC,DE
2.ABC,DAE
19) A set of FDs for the relation R {A, B, C, D, E, F} is ABC, C A, BC D,
ACDB, BE C, EC FA, CF BD, DE. Find a minimum cover for
this set of FDs.
20) Prove that any relation schema with two attributes is in BCNF
21) Prove and disprove the following inference rules for functional dependencies
22) Prove or disprove the following inference rules for functional dependencies.
A proof can be made either by a proof argument or by using inference rules
IRI through IR3. A disproof should be performed by demonstrating a
relation instance that satisfies the conditions and functional dependencies in
the left-hand side of the inference rule but does not satisfy the dependencies
in theright-handside.
a.{WY,XZ}|={WXY|
c.{XY,XW,WYZ}|={XZ}
d.{XYZ,YW}|={XWZ}|
e. {X Z, Y Z} |= {X Y}
23) Explain
i. Equivalence sets of Functional dependencies
ii. Minimal sets of Functional dependencies
24) What are the problems faced when concurrent transaction is executed in an
uncontrolled manner? Give an example and explain.
25) What is meant by the concurrent execution of database transaction in a
multiuser system? Discuss why concurrency control needed, and give
informal examples.
26) What are the operations that need to be noted (logged) by the recovery
system?
27) Discuss the different types of failures. what is meant by catastrophic failure?
28) Discuss the actions taken by the read_ item and write _ item operations on a
database.
29) Draw a state diagram and discuss the typical states that a transaction goes
 through during execution

30) What is the system log used for? What are the typical kinds of records in a
system log what are transaction commit points and why are they important?
31) Explain the desirable properties of transactions.
32) What is schedule(History)?.Define the concept of recoverale,cascadeless and
strict schedule,and compare them in terms of their recoverability.
33) What are the conditions that lead to the two schedules being view equivalent?
34) Discuss how the concept of serializability is useful for concurrency control?
35) What is a lock? describe the types of locks used in concurrency control.
36) what is the two-phase locking protocol? How does it guarantee
serializability?
37) What are the rules followed when shared/exclusive locking scheme is used?
38) What are some variations of the two phase locking protocol?why is strict or
rigorous two phase locking often preferred?
39) Discuss the problem of deadlock starvation,and the different approaches to
dealing with these problems
40) Compare binary locks to exclsive/shared locks.why is the later type of locks
preferable?
41) List different deadlock prevention schemes and comment on how younger
transactions are handled in either scheme
42) Describe the wait –die and wound-wait protocol for deadlock prevention.
43) Describe the cautious waiting ,no waiting and timeout protocols for dead lock
prevention
44) How does Thoma’s write rule modify the check for the write_item(X)
operation?
45) What is Timestamp?How does system generate time stamps?

UNIT-III
1. Write the syntax of create table command?
2. How do you load the data to the table? Write its syntax.
3. Write the syntax of update command.
4. Write the syntax of alter command.
5. Write the syntax of delete command.
6. Write the structure of SELECT command.
7. How can you RENAME the tables.
8. List any two aggregate functions used in SQL.
9. Why do need USER_CONSTRAINTS table?
10. List and explain any two data constraints.
11. What do you mean by NOT NULL constraint?
12. Why do you use check constraint?
 13. How do you use ALTER command to drop the constraints?
14. Which command is used to modify the column definitions? Give example.
15. What do you mean by DEFAULT clause in SQL?
16. Differentiate WHERE clause and HAVING clause used in SELECT statement.
17. How do you sort the records of a table in SQL? Give one example.
18. Why do need JOIN operation? Give one example.
19. List types of join used in SQL?
20. Compare LEFT JOIN with RIGHT JOIN, with example.
21. What is the importance of dual table?
22. What is dual table?
23. What do mean by GROUP BY clause? Give one example.
24. What is sub query?
25. What is privilege? Write the syntax of granting the privilege to the user.
26. Write the syntax of REVOKE statement? Give one example.
27. Why do use LIKE operator in SELECT statement? Give one example.
28. What is the importance of primary key in a table?
29. How can you create primary constraint?
30. Differentiate primary key constraint with unique key constraint.
31. What do mean by value “NULL” in SQL?
32. What is the difference between ‘ON DELETE CASCADE’ and ‘ON DELETE SET
NULL’?
Questions carrying 3-5marks
1. How do you filter the data from the table? Explain the command use, with
example.
2. Write a note on oracle functions.
3. What is data constraint? List its types.
4. What do you mean by foreign key constraint? What are the features of foreign key
5. What is USER_CONSTRAINTS_TABLE/ explain any three columns of that
table?
6. Explain ORDER BY clause with example?
7. How can you assign a name to the constraint? Explain with syntax and example.
8. Create the table described below:

Table name: CLIENT_MASTER

9.
Consider the table CLIENT_MASTER given , write the following queries:

a. Find out the names of the clients with CLIENT_NO=’C00001’

b. Change the city of CLIENT_NO ‘C00005’ to ‘Bangalore’
c. Retrieve the list of names, city and state of all the clients.
d. Delete from CLIENT_MASTER where the column STATE
holds the value ‘TAMILNADU’
e. Add a column called ‘TELEPHONE’ of data type ‘NUMBER’ and
size=10 to the CLIENT_MASTER table.
f. Destroy the table CLIENT_MASTER along with its data.
g. Change the name of the table CLIENT_MASTER to C_M.
10. List and explain six clauses used in SELECT statement.
11. Explain the types of joins used in sql with example
12. List and explain any 6 data types used in oracle.
13. How do create a table from another table? Explain with syntax and example.
14. How do you insert data into a table from another table? Explain with syntax and
example
15. How do you create a foreign key constraint in a table definition? Explain with
example.
16. What do you mean by primary key constraint/ how can we create primary keys in
a table? Explain with syntax and example.
17. Explain CHECK constraint with syntax and example.
18. What are the arithmetic and logical operators used in SQL? Explain with example.
19. Explain ‘BETWEEN’ and ‘LIKE’ operators with example.
20. Define these operators: EXISTS,NOT EXISTS,IN, ALL, DISTINCT with
example
21. Consider the tables given below: PRODUCT_DETAIL(PRODUCT_NO,
PRODUCT_NAME, DESRIPTION, QTYACLB, PRICE, PROFITIN%)
PURCHASED_DETAIL(CUSTNAME,PRODUCTNO,QTYSOLD)

Write the following queries:

a. Print the description and qtysold for each product.
b. Find out the products, which have been sold to ‘Ivan’
c. Find productno,and description of nonmoving products(i.e.
products not being sold).
22. Explain UNION and INTERSECT clause used in SQL, with example.
 UNIT IV
1. Give two advantages of PL/SQL over SQL.
2. Give the structure of the PL/SQL program.
3. When is declare statement is needed in PL/SQL?
4. What is literal in PL/SQL? Mention two types of literals.
5. Differentiate %TYPE and % ROWTYPE variables.
6. What is oracle transaction?
7. What is the purpose of COMMIT command?
8. Give the General format of while Loop construct in PL/SQL
9. Give the syntax of for loop construct in PL/SQL.
10. What is use of ROLLBAK command?
11. What is the use of SAVE POINT in oracle transaction?
12. Give the syntax of SELECT statement in PL/SQL.
13. What is cursor?
14. Differentiate implicit and explicit cursors.
15. List four cursor attributes.
16. Give the general format of defining explicit cursor.
17. What is the command used to read the cursor data? Give syntax.
18. Differentiate between cursor with parameters and without parameters.
19. What is an exception? How it is handled in PL/SQL?
20. List any two oracle named exceptions.
21. What is difference between function and stored procedure?
22. Give the syntax of defining stored procedure in Pl/SQL.
23. Give the syntax of defining function in Pl/SQL.
24. Differentiate between IN and OUT parameters of procedure/function.
25. Mention two advantages of using PACKAGE in Oracle.
26. What are the components of oracle package?
27. Give the general format of PACKAGE specification.
28. Give the General format of PACKAGE body.
29. What the package used to display the message on the screen? Give Syntax
Questions carrying 3-6marks
1. Explain the structure PL/SQL program with example
2. What are the different types of literals ? Explain with example
3. Explain the syntax and usage of the following with example :
a. While loop b) for loop c) if .. endif
4. Write a note on labelled loops.
5. Explain the commit and rollback commands used in oracle transaction with
example
6. What is a cursor ? explain the different types of cursor
7. Explain use of parameterised cursor with example
8. Explain with syntax and example, how to create a cursor and read the records
from a cursor.
9. Explain all the attributes of a cursor
10. Write a note on error handling in PL/SQL
11. Explain any three system exceptions of PL/SQL
12. What is a procedure/function ? What are the advantages of procedures /
functions
13. Explain with example how to create a procedure / function and use it .
14. Explain the keyword and parameters used for creating procedures/functions
15. Explain different data types supported by PL/SQL.
16. Explain various commands associated with oracle transaction with examples
17. Explain various forms of if..endif structures with syntax and example
18. Explain various looping statements of PL/SQL with syntax.
19. Explain various commands/statements required to open , process and close
the explicit cursor with syntax and example.
20. Write a PL/SQL block to accept custno from the user and check whether
there are any rows matching the customer no. in the table
CUSTOMER(custid,custname,item,qty) . Accordingly insert a row in the
table operation on the following condition.
i) If no rwos are found -> ‘No rows found’
ii) If more than one rows are found -> ‘Multiple rows found’
iii) If only one row is found -> “One row found’
21. With syntax and example explain how a stored procedure is created and
executed in PL/SQL ?
22. With syntax and example explain how a function is created and executed in
PL/SQL ?
23. With syntax and example explain how a package is created and executed in
PL/SQL ?
24. With example explain how user defined exception is handled in a PL/SQL
program