A) r94 od Horsapmad loncafd Project:A project is well-defined task, which is a collection of several operations done in order to achieve a goal (for example, software development and delivery). A Project can be characterized as: + Every project may has a unique and distinct goal. + Project is not routine activity or day-to-day operations. + Project comes with a start time and end time. + Project ends when its goal is achieved hence it is a temporary phase in the lifetime of an organization. Project needs adequate resources in terms of time, manpower, finance, material and knowledge-bank. Axe Software Project \:1) A Software Project is the complete procedure of software development from z requirement gathering to testing and maintenance, carried out according to the execution methodologies, in a specified period of time to achieve intended ' software product. ] Aer Need of software project management \3) software project management is essential to incorporate user requirements along \ 7 with budget and time constraints. ») Software Project Manager an (A software project manager is a person who undertakes the responsibility of | executing the software project. Software project manager is thoroughly aware of all the phases of SDLC that the software would go through. Project manager may never directly involve in producing the end product but he controls and manages the activities involved in production. A project manager closely monitors the development process, prepares and executes various plans, arranges necessary and adequate resources, maintains communication among ll team members in order to address issues of cost, budget, resources, time, quality and customer satisfaction. Let us see few responsibilities that a project manager shoulders - as ‘$)Managing People + Actas project leader + Liaison with stakeholders + Managing human resources + Setting up reporting hierarchy etc.L\ ¢) Managing Project + Defining and setting up project scope + Managing project management activities + Monitoring progress and performance + Risk analysis at every phase + Take necessary step to avoid or come out of problems + Act as project spokesperson \1) Software Management Activities \ ~ Software project management comprises of a number of activities, which contains planning of project, deciding scope of software product, estimation of cost in’ various terms, scheduling of tasks and events, and resource management. Project management activities may include: + Project Planning + Scope Management ey) + Project Estimation i) Project Planning _ Software project planning is task, which is performed before the production of software actually starts. It is there for the software production but involves no concrete activity that has any direction connection with software production; rather it is a set of multiple processes, which facilitates software production. Project planning may include the following: +-LScope Management It defines the scope of project; this includes all the activities, process need to be done in order to make a deliverable software product. Scope management is essential because it creates boundaries of the project by clearly defining what would be done in the project and what would not be done. This makes Project to contain limited and quantifiable tasks, which can easily be documented and in turn avoids cost and time overrun. During Project Scope management, it is necessary to - + Define the scope pete K + Decide its verification and cont + Divide the project into various smaller parts for ease of management, + Verify the scope p Ne the scope by incorporating changes to the scopeSoftware Processes The term software specifies to the set of computer programs, procedures and associated documents (Flowcharts, manuals, etc.) that describe the program and how they are to be used.A software process is the set of activities and associated “outcome that nat produce a software product. S. ftware engineers mostly carry out these activities. These are four key process activities: oO _L. Software specifications: The functionality of the software and constraints on its operation must be defined. 2 Software development: The software to meet the requirement must be produced. 3. Software validation: The software must be validated to ensure that it does what the customer wants. Software evolution: The software must evolve to meet changing client needs.a DSlw Yretar dA on bal! while Proa Mavanrwont As “he or sacs a Se OLA ANAK? a do enol slills Kno wile hoy Rio} a obAgktwr put ou Mun $102 __ | er Now! Lal Wivaddis Wok iw (onstuarie Pike Sims 1 lds aryl budoet _-SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT Effective software project management is crucial to the success of any software project. In the past, several software projects have failed not for want of competent technical professionals neither for lack of resources, but due to the use of faulty software project management practices. Therefore, it is important to carefully learn the latest software project management techniques. Software project management is a very vast topic. In fact, a course for a full semester can be conducted on effective techniques for software project management. However, in this chapter, we shall restrict ourselves to only some basic issues. The main goal of software project management is to enable a group of software developers to | work efficiently towards successful completion of the project. Should the responsibility of software project management rest always on a dedicated full- time project manager? Large projects usually have full-time project managers. However, for small software development projects, one of the software developers assumes the responsibilities of software project management in addition to his normal responsibilities. In this chapter, we discuss the important responsibilities and activities of a software project manager. We start with a discussion on the scope of the work responsibilities of a project manager. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the planning activity and the organization of the project plan document. We then discuss estimation and scheduling techniques. Finally, we provide an overview of the risk and configuration management issues. 3.1 RESPONSIBILITIES OF A SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGER In this section, we examine the principal job responsibilities of a project manager and the skills necessary to accomplish these. 3.1.1 Job Responsibilities of a Software Project Manager Software project managers take the overall responsibility of steering a project to success. This surely is a very hazy job description. But, it is very difficult to objectively describe the job= aan - of & project responsibility of a project manager ranges from in le to highly visible customer presentations. proposal writing, project cost estimation, sche eal project monitoring and control, software configuration ma with clients, managerial report writing and presentqi tt are certainly numerous, varied and difficult to enumerate, but wo ote 66 0 two major types of responsibilities of the project manager, “Mix an overview of these two responsibilities. Later, we discuss them in more deta Planning: Project planning involves estimating several characters of | then planning the project activities based on the estimates made. Projet phe aken immediately after the feasibility study phase and before the requitenay d specification phase. The initial project plans that are made are revised from ty the project progresses and more project data become available. monitoring and control activities: The project monitoring and control aetiy. undertaken once the development activities start. The aim of the project monitoring control activities is to ensure that the development proceeds as per plan. The plan is d whenever required to cope up with the situation at hand. 3.1.2 Skills Necessary for Software Project Management A theoretical knowledge of different project management techniques is certainly neces to become a successful project manager. However, effective software project managemett frequently calls for good qualitative judgement and decision-making capabilities. In additoa to having a good grasp of the latest software project management techniqiies such a8 = estimation, risk management, and configuration management, etc.; project managets 1 good communication skills and the ability get work done. However, some skills such as tradi and controlling the progress of the project, customer interaction, managerial presentations; team building are largely acquired through experience. Nonetheless, the importance of & knowledge of the prevalent project management techniques cannot be overemphasized: objective of the rest of this chapter is to introduce you to the same. i: With this brief discussion on the responsibilities and roles of software project manage the next section we examine some important issues in project planning. 3.2 PROJECT PLANNING Once a project is found to be feasible, software project managers undertake proie' Project planning is undertaken and completed even before any development activ! Project planning consists of the following essential activities: planing ee