NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION / NUMERICAL INTEGRATION The table given below reveals. The velocity v’ of a body eae time ©’. Find coco att=1.li.e. find e att=11. (2021) telat Oa et : F 14 vi 60.8 Acceleration = ao dt 1=(y)=% we fOey . 2 = 4 [poy Dat, oot -terals,.. a Fe y =f"@)=Sr aga lion tu-t)ay + (6u2 -18u+11)/12ay, +..] Seleek vevh. Av ae ev ay 1.0. Ba * 46 44 477 -0.2 44 0.1 lie eae: 527 0.1. - 104 2 = 43 02 | 43 64 “04 f sailed. F 14 60.8 : ee Newton's forward autfaiece formula _ ‘i Acceleration when ¢ = 1.1 is 44.917 Ue (Ans) , 2 6u+2 GD) gy, «Oe ae Sine. | . oe_ 7 CEH for Bc, Compute f(2.2) and f(2.2) from the following tabulate data: (2019) x A(x) 14 4.0552 1.6 4.9530 | 1.8 6.0496 fi 2.0 7.3981 2.2 9.0250 x | f00 Pat) | ate(x). | a°e(x) | a4e(x) ‘| 14 | 4.0552 8978 1.6 | 4.9530 .1988 j 1.0966 0531 | 1.8 | 6.0496 2519 0266 1.3485 - | 0265 | 2.0 | 7.3981 2784 | 1.6269 - Hi: 2.2\| 9.0250 I Since x = 2.2 Now We use Newton's Gregory formula Uw-1) f(a+Uh)= f(a)+Uas(a)+ ore oe f(a+ Uh) = f(a) + vay ( (U1 — spa ay *...@) On differentiating equation (1) w.r.t, U hf(a+Uh)= Af(a)+ we 2 fla) eee) : a SAS f(a)e=—— +(2) Again differentiating equation (2) w.r.t. to U h’f(a+Uh)= #f(a)s(U- IAF (a) ° Here . a =14,A=0.2, %=29 f 7 (8)METHODS ER yeriche (31 < Uae ee es 7 h 0.2 12 U=4 Now putting values = 0.2f'(1.44+4%0.2)= agfia) 24-0), (1.4) : 3x16-6x4+2 oxi aOkee 6 => 0.2 f"(2.2) =.8978 +(8:5)x(1988)+ 72x .0531 => 0.2f'2.2)=.8978 +.6958 + .2301 0.2f'(2.2) =1.8237 1.8237 "(2.2)= P@2)=—F5 f'(2.2) = 9.1185 (Ans.) (04) fr(2.2) = (1.4) + (U-1)8°/(0..4) =.1988+3x.0531 (04) f"(2.2) =.1988 +.1593 =.3681 aly. \ =, 23581 [email protected])= 04 < ft(2.2)= 8.9525 (Ans.) 3. Find the first and second derivative of the function given below at the point x= 12 ~ 017) te te ve Ls Here the arguments are equally spaced with h=1 ‘and the derivatives are required at x = 1.2 which is near the beginning of the table. So on, we shall apply Newton Gregory forward interpolation formula. 2 x-Xp (=m a)O=¥) p2y5 y=f(e)= 0+ oth? Ayo +3, x3 =4,-x4=5 Here h =1,xo Veo! ana My) =3, Ay) =-6, ty, =10 (x= -2) f(a)=042An1 eC NE-?) 3 (De =D =9 ge Dle= Die 9“ a ant * o@ “+30? ae 4+2)—(e9 6x? 41x -o+3 (x4 -10x° + 35x? - 50x +24) 5 25 +B) 2 =x? | 14 — |x +64—— |x’ a ( : ae ( 12 “(0 ~2-11- 28) 14+3+6+10 Fe Bt M8 aig i 3 PA Uap 12 7 eneaen this function twice, we obtain. r soeatene Now putting x= 1, 2, these equations give 02-2098 2a. 2)? 4 265 (.2)- a and - f" «= bx? 31x 4 a . And now puking *= 1.2 these equation give : us 2)=F02" Hane, a2) 208 = 1.773uneRtCAL METHODS f'"(1.2) =5(1.2)? - 310.2) +78 14.167 Thus f'(1.2)=1.773and f'"(1.2) =14.167 (Ans.) og Find a =0.1. from the following table : (Dec. 2013) x y 0.1 0.9975 0.2 0.9900 0.3 0.9776 0.4 0.9604 Now using Newton’s forward formula. For this we construct following difference table Newton’s Forward formula upto 3rd order is “flezan)= fle)» xavla)+ Sao)» ae -tfs-2) 9/(0) _. Differentiating above equation w.r. to x we get “Hplo+ st) =af(e)> 2D ata) = —S*? Hla) Now putting a=0.1, x=0, h=0.1 - ff @a)= al 0.0075 + x 0.0049) + ex 0.0001 f'(0.1) = -0.0502 So the value of Bis — 0.0502. Now putting a=0.1,x=0,h=0.1 in numerical . Explain two types _of errors differentiation. Pot eco) Tao Types of Error in Numerical Diffe _ (y= Error in First Derivative : Ry (Truncation Exror)=D+(h)-f@)| teo CEQ ro, By Exrors = Z(f(+4)=fl@))- PO) Using Taylor’s Theorem, nh? FOF =f) +f hs (CO +f (pt Lf muggy tt a rng eg pings hep By =3{rooter otf ws f'(x) After simplification, 11g) hg pong) B f Mott Oa Using the Mean Value Theorem, Rp = Fen (2) Error in Second Derivative : a D+(h)~D~(h) _ f(x +h)~2f(x) + f(x +h) BOR a ge Rp for D+(h) is O(A). S (Ans,) 6. Write General quadrature formula. General Quadrature Formula: + BED AY pi 3 2 2. 4 3. > mn ne pn" )Ayo ne _ nS an2 AI Tae ety, } oleae n° +n Har 7. Explain the difference between a single step and a multi-step’ method used for solving differential «equations... All, numerical techniques for solving differential | " equations involve a’series of estimate of yx) starting from the given conditions, There are two basic could be used to estimate the value of (x). They are known as one-step'methods and multi-step method. In one- _ step methods, -We use information from only one preceding * point ice , to estimate e-value y; , only, Multi-step method use information at two or estimate avalue. = approaches that More previous steps 0vento METHODS (c.7] Find the maximum and minimum value of y from the following data: - (2014) Newton's forward difference formula is uu-DAyg , wu-Wu=2) Sree} 23 yx) = +UAyo + |» Yo 22 te =H nyo OS dx on Forward Difference Table : {x y Ay | A’y | Aty | Aty | Aey (212 2.25 [25 |-3 [6 |0 1 [-0.25 [0.25 [-05|/3 [6 [0 00 .|-0.25 [25 [9 [6 1 | -0.25 [2.25 | 11.5] 15 2 [2 13.75 | 26.5 oe : 3-| 15.75 | 40.25 aes 4 [56 _| . we x-0 bn - Choosing x»=9 w= T =x 2 5 dy _1f_ 9954 2*-1(e.5)4 3% —82*269) dx 2 6 ee sot ~189" +2280 6 24Ss Hl ica EEE for ac, 1 (x=1)(x+1)=0 x=1-1 iy 2 d Y 23424 dx? : dy At x=0,—>=-l, -ve dx’ 2 | x=, £23.19 +ve j dx’ y is maximum at x= 0, minimum at x= 1 & -1 1 x(x-1) 9 (©) ==] yg +xAyy + Ay +--- Hx) FL % tT 80 310) =210+0)=0 Maximum value = 0 90) = *4¥0 +0+0+—-~-] =[0+(-0.25)] =.0.95 = -0.25 ° (Ans) aa Minimum value atx=1,y(1)