ASSINGMENT

1.Describe how animation industry evolved from its early days.

Ans.-In the first century BC, the chinese craftsman Ding Huan invented a zoetrope
optical device that created the impression of motion from rapid movement of static
images.
-In the 19th century, the phenakistoscope (1832), modern zoetrope (1834),
praxinoscope (1877), and flipbook were early animation devices.
-On 28th October 1892, Pauvre Perrot, projected the first animation in public at Musee
Gravin at Paris.
-In 1984, Auguste an Louis Lumiere created cinematography which was a projector,
printer and camera in one machine that allowed moving pictures to be shown in a
screen.
-The first animated projection (screening) was created in France, by Charles-Emilie
Reynaud, who was a French Science teacher.
-The first film was recorded on standard picture film and included animation sequences
which was the 1990 Enchanted Drawings.
-The first entirely animated film the 1906 Humorous Phases of Funny Faces, by J. Start
Blackton, who because of that is considered the father of American animation.
-In Europe, the French Artist, Emilie Cohl, created the first animation film, the 1908
Fantasmagorie known as traditional animation creation methods.
-During the 1910’s, the production of animated short films were typically refered to as
“cartoons”.
The most succesful producer at the time was Randolph Bray, who along with Ear Hurd,
patented the cel animation.
-El Apostol
(Spanish: “The Apostle”) was a 1917 Argentine animated film utilizing cutout animation,
and the world’s first animated feature film.

2.Give a brief description of any two types of animation.

Ans.Flipbook Animation- It is created with pencil, erasers, and drawing pads. It is
cheap and available at every stationery shop. It doesn't require viewing devices.The
story can be either simple or complex. It is the basis of all animation techniques.

Clay Animation- The characters are made using clay or plasticine. A wired skeleton
called armature is used. Each characters are photographed slightly different from the
previous one and images are rapidly moved to create motion.

3.Give examples of the uses of animation.

Ans.The examples of uses of animation are:-
-Education
-Entertainment
-Advertisement
-Marketing
-Film and Telivision
-Medical
-Art

4.DIfferentiate between the following: Analog and Digital Medium?

Ans.Analog devices can record data linearly from one point to another. Analog
recordings are made up of linear bumps and dips.
Digital devices are non-linear which means it can be edited or played back starting at
any point to another. Digital recordings are made up of ones and zeroes.

5.What are the various types of animation?

Ans.The various types of animation are:-
-Flipbook Animation
-Traditional Animation
-Cut-Out Animation
-Clay Animation or ClayMation
-Stop Motion Animation
-Computer Animation

6.What is the difference between key frame and tween frame?

Ans.Tween frames are the intermediate frames with the purpose of creating smooth
transitions between two key frames.
Key frames are the crucial points of motion present in the start and end of a motion
throughout the animation.

7.How analog medium differs from digital medium?

Ans.Analog devices record data linearly from one point to another while Digital devices
are non-linear which means it can be edited or played back starting at any point to
another. Analog recordings are made up of linear bumps and dips while Digital
recordings are made up of ones and zeroes.

8.What do you mean by: a)hand-drawn b)full c)claymation?

Ans.a)Hand drawn Animation- It is also called as traditional animation, cell animation
and classical animation. Each frame is drawn by hands. The drawings are traced and
photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels. The completed character cels
are photographed one-by-one against a printed background by a rostrum camera.
b)Full Animation- It refers to the process of producing high quality traditionally
animated films that regularly used detailed drawings and plausible animation.

c)Clay Animation- The characters are made using clay or plasticine. A wired skeleton
called an armature is used. Each characters are photographed slightly different from the
previous one and images are rapidly moved to create motion.

9.Differnetiate between traditional and computer animation?

Ans.Traditional Animation are created by using hands. Computer Animation is created
largely by software and computers.
Traditional Animation involves hand-drawing each frame. Computer Animation utilizes
software to create animations directly on a computer.

10.What are the benefits of learning animation?

Ans.The benefits of learning animation are:-
1.Self-expression – Just like any other art form, for instance, music or dance,
animation gives children a means to express themselves. They can learn to express
their ideas and thoughts artistically through the tools of animation.
2.Imagination growth – It enables students to think out of the box and apply
imagination. It makes children get comfortable with their own ideas and use animation
tools to explain their stories.
3.Teamwork – Normally, an animation project would involve a group. This is great
because it gets students to interact with each other, exchange their thoughts and work
together.
4.Technical Skills – Learning animation means engaging with technical tools. Students
learn important tools adobe photoshop, adobe illustrator, adobe after effects, adobe
premiere, etc. This will enhance their technical skills which are very helpful in their
school projects, university presentations, and future careers.

11.Describe the meaning of Stop Motion Animation.

Ans.It is used to describe animation created by physically manupulating the real-life
objects and photographing them one by one at a time to create the illusion of motion.

12.Describe the terms Puppet Animation, Clay Animation, Cut Out Animation and Model
Animation.
Ans.Puppet Animation- It involves stop-motion pupprt figure interacting in a
constructed environment. It uses a wired skeleton called armature.
Clay Animation- It uses figures made from clay or similar malleable material to create
stop-motion animation.
Cut Out Animation- It is a type of stop-motion animation produced by moving 2D
pieces of material such as paper, cloth. Sillhoutte Aniamtion is a variant of it.
Model Animation- It refers to stop-motion animation created to interact with and exist
as a part of a live action world.

13.Differntiate between the following: Claymation and Object Animation.

Ans.Claymation uses figures made up of clay or similar malleable material to create
stop-motion animation while Object Animation refers to the use of regular inanimate
objects in stop-motion aniamation.

14.What are the advantages and limitations of various types of animations?

Ans.Advantages
-Flexibility:Animations can be altered and refined more easily than live-action content,
offering greater flexibility during production.
-Creativity:Animation offers boundless creative freedom to bring imaginative ideas to
life, enabling storytelling in unique ways.
-Engagement:Animated content tends to captivate audiences, fostering engagement
and emotional connections with the narrative.

Limitations
-Time consuming: Animation production is labor-intensive, requiring significant time
and effort to create even short sequences.
-Technical complexity:Mastering animation tools and techniques demands expertise,
making the learning curve steep for beginners.
-Dependancy on Technology:Technical glitches, software updates, or hardware
issues can disrupt workflows and project timelines.

15.What is Computer Generated Imagery or Computer Animation?

Ans.Animation is the process used for generating animated images by using computer
graphics. Computer Generated Imagery encompasses both static scenes and dynamic
images, while computer animation only refers to moving animation.

16.Explain the difference between 2D animation and 3D animation?

Ans.In 2D Animation the characters as well as background are drawn on cels,
photographed one at a time and movedbat 24 frames a second.
In 3D Animation it allows you to do things that simply are not possible in 2D animation.
Once the 3D objects are modelled, it can be treated almost as a physical object.

17.What are the limitation of 2D animation?

Ans.Limitations of 2D Animation are:-
Limited Depth and Realism: By nature, 2D lacks the dimensionality and depth of 3D,
which can make creating realistic scenes more challenging.
Time-Consuming for Complex Animation: While technology has made 2D animation
more efficient, creating detailed and complex animations frame by frame can still be
very time-consuming.

18.What are the uses of animations?

Ans.Animations are used for various purposes:-
-Education
-Entertainment
-Advertisement
-Marketing
-Film and Telivision
-Medical
-Art

19.Write a short note on production pipeline.

Ans.Production pipeline is required in all logical organisations to produce and animated
feature film. Every movie changes its pipeline as:
-Requirements are changing
-To save money
-To increase the quality of the movie

20.Explain the term pipeline.

Ans.It is the process animators use when creating a 3D animation. It involves
scriptwriting, concept design, character modeling, rigging, animation, visual effects, and
rendering etc.

21.State the steps included under production pipeline.

Ans.The steps included under production pipeline are:-
-Story Boarding
-Voice Recording
-Concept Design
-Modelling
-Texturing
-Rigging
-Animation
Design.
Ans.a)Rigging is the process of adding armature to the characters to make movement
while Texturing is the process to “unwrap” the mesh into 2D and then paint it in either
2D or 3D.
b)Story Boarding is a series of pictures with captions that describe the outline of the
story, helps in the placement of cameras and the timing of animation later on in the
production process while Concept design is the process where artists visualize what the
director wants the film to look like.

23.Explain the term Storyboard?

Ans.Storyboard is a series of pictures with captions that describes the outline of the
story, helps in the placement of the camera and the timing of the animation later on in
the production process.

24.Differentiate between the following: a)Animatic and Photomatic, b)Storyboard and

Film Storyboard.
22.Differnetiate between: a)Rigging and Texturing, b)Story Boarding and Concept
Ans.a)Animatic is a series of still images edited together and displayed in sequence with
a rough dialogue and/or rough sound track added to the sequence of still images to test
whether the sound and images are working effectively together while Photomatic is a
series of still photographs edited together and presented on a screen in a sequence.

b)Storyboard is a series of pictures with captions that describes the outline of the story,
helps in the placement of the camera and timing of the animation later on in the
production process while Film Storyboard is a large comic book of film or some section
of the film produced beforehand to help film directors, cinematographers and television
commercial advertising clients visualize the scenes and find potential problems before
they occur.

25.How to prepare a Storyboard?

Ans.-Identify key scenes in the script.
-It is crucial to know what story you're telling.
-Map out the key scenes.
-Add images or sketches.
-Describe what happens in each frame.
-Share it with your team.

26.Why a Storyboard is prepared?

Ans.A storyboard is prepared because:
-We can plan out the camera angles, setting, props, actors, effects and so on.
-We know which shots we need to create and how to create them when filming begins
-It saves your time.