MUS ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGH SCHIOL

STD 10 Maths (basic) Total Marks : 80

FIRST TERM set- 3

Section A

* Choose the right answer from the given options. [1 Marks Each] [11]

1. Find HCF(8, 9, 25) × LCM(8, 9, 25) .

(A) 500 (B) 1800 (C) 1810 (D) 1500

Ans. : (b) : We have, 8 = 2 ×2 ×2 ,

9 = 3 × 3, 25 = 5 × 5

and
3 2 2
HCF(8, 9, 25) = 1 LCM(8, 9, 25) = 2 ×3 ×5 = 1800

∴ HCF(8, 9, 25) × LCM(8, 9, 25) = 1 × 1800 = 1800

2. The number of zeroes of the polynomial shown in the graph are

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 2

Ans. : (b) : The number of zeroes of the polynomial shown in the graph is four, as
the graph intersects the x-axis at four distinct points.
3. In the given figure, the number of zeroes of the polynomial f (x) are

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Ans. : (c) : The number of zeroes of the polynomial f (x) is 3 , as the graph
intersects the x-axis at three distinct points.
4. If for a pair of linear equation a_{1}/a_{2} = b_{1}/b_{2} = c_{1}/c_{2} then, their
graphs are
(A) intersecting (B) parallel lines (C) coincident lines (D) None of these
lines
Ans. : coincident lines
5. Which of the following is a solution of the equation 3x + 5y = 8 ?

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 (A) x = 1, y = 0 (B) x = 0, y = 1

(C) x = 1, y = 1 (D) x = 0, y = 0

Ans. : (c): The given equation is 3x + 5y = 8

(a) L.H.S. −3(1) + 5(0) − 3 ≠ R.H.S.

(b) L.H.S. = 3(0) + 5(1) = 5 ≠ R.H.S
(c) L.H.S. = 3(1) + 5(1) = 8 = R.H.S.
(d) L.H.S. = 3(0) + 5(0) = 0 ≠ R.H.S.
∴x1, y1 is the solution of given equation.

6. 30th term of an AP: 10, 7, 4, ...... is ..............

(A) 97 (B) 77 (C) -77 (D) -87

Ans. : We have AP: 10, 7, 4,...

Here, a = 10, d = 7 - 10 = - 3 and n = 30
We know:
an = a + (n - 1)d
or, a30 = 10 + (30 - 1)(-3)
= 10 + 29(-3)
= 10 - 87
a30 = -77

7. In the given figure, △ACB ∼ △AP Q . If AB = 6 cm, BC = 8cm and

P Q = 4cm , then AQ is equal to

(A) 2cm
(B) 2.5cm
(C) 3cm
(D) 3.5cm

Ans. : (c) : Given, △ACB ∼ △AP Q

BC AB 8 6 6×4
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ AQ =
PQ AQ 4 AQ 8

⇒ AQ = 3cm

8. Two polygons having same number of sides are similar, if

(A) their corresponding sides are proportional
(B) their corresponding angles are equal
(C) both (a) and (b)
(D) none of these
Ans. : (c) : both (a) and (b)
9. The distance of point (a, b) from the origin is..........

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 −−−−−− −−−−−−
(A) √a2 −b
2
(B) √a2 +b
2
(C) a2 −b
2
(D) a2 +b
2

−−−−− −
Ans. : √a2 + b2

10. The mean of first ten odd natural numbers is

(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 20 (D) 19

Ans. : (b) : First ten odd natural numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 .
∴ Required mean
1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+17+19 100
= = = 10
10 10

11. If probability of success is 0.9% , then probability of failure is

(A) 0.91 (B) 0.091 (C) 99.1 (D) 0.991
Ans. : (d):Probability of failure = 1 - Probability of success
0.9 9 1000−9 991
= 1 − = 1 − = = = 0.991
100 1000 1000 1000

* Fill in the blanks with correct alternative. [1 Marks Each] [6]

12. 22 = 3k + 1 , then k = … … … . . (1, 7, 14)

Ans. : 7
13. If one of the solution of 8x + 5k = 18 is (1, 0) then k = ............. . (2, −2, 6)
Ans. : 2
14. An AP whose first term is -2 and its common difference is -2 then its terms are is
............ (−8, −6, −4, −2; −2, −4, −6, −8; 2, 4, 6, 8)
Ans. : -2,-4,-6,-8
15. All circles are ________. (congruent, similar)
Ans. : Similar
16. The perpendicular distance of the point (−4, 9) from Y -axis is______ (9, 4, 13)

Ans. : 4

17. The probability of getting number 4 on dice is........... ( 14 , 1

6
,
4

6
)

Ans. : 1

* State whether the following sentences are True or False. [1 Marks Each] [4]

18. HCF (5, 15) = 10.

Ans. : False
19. The coordinates of the origin is (0, 0)

Ans. : true
20. Every data has only one mode.
Ans. : false
21. The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 0.

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 Ans. : False

* Answer the following questions in one sentence. [1 Marks Each] [3]

22. The graph of y = p(x) in a figure given below, for some polynomial p(x). Find the
number of zeroes of p(x).

Ans. : There is no zero as the graph does not intersect the x-axis at any point.
23. Find a quadratic polynomial of 4, 1 as the sum and product of its zeroes
respectively.
Ans. : Let the polynomial be ax2 + bx + c,
and is zeroes be α and β .
Then, α + β = 4 = −
b

a
and αβ = 1 =
c

If a = 1, then b = -4 and c = 1.
So one quadratic polynomial which fits
the given conditions is x2 - 4x + 1.
24. Find class - mark of class 20 − 40 .
Ans. : 30

Section B

* Given section consists of questions of 2 marks each. ( Write any 7 ) [18]

25. Find the HCF of 96 and 404 by prime factorisation method. Hence, find their
LCM.
Ans. : We have,
96 = 2
5
×3 and 404 = 2
2
× 101
2
∴ HCF = 2 = 4

Now, HCF × LCM = 96 × 404

96×404 96×404
⇒ LCM = = = 96 × 101 = 9696
HCF 4

26. Find the LCM and HCF of 336 and 54 pairs of integers and verify that LCM × HCF
= product of the two numbers.

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 Ans. : 336 and 54
336 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 2 4 × 3 × 7
54 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 3 3
HCF = 2 × 3 = 6
LCM = 2 4 × 3 3 × 7 = 3024
Product of two numbers 336 and 54 = 336 × 54 = 18144
HCF × LCM = 6 × 3024 = 18144
Hence, product of two numbers = HCF × LCM
Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are
1
27. 4
, −1

respectively.
Ans. : Let the required polynomial be ax2 + bx + c
and let its zeroes be α and β

Then, α + β
1 b c
= = − and αβ = −1 =
4 a a

If a = 4, then b = -1 and c = -4
So, one quadratic polynomial which satisfies the given conditions is 4x2 - x - 4
Or
If α and β zeroes of the polynomials then standard quadratic polynomial is given
by
x
2
− (α + β)x + αβ , where α +β =
1

4
and αβ = −1 [Given] Now, we have,
2
x − (α + β)x + αβ
2 1
= x −( ) x + (−1)
4
1 2
= (4x − x − 4)
4

Required polynomial is 4x2 - x - 4

28. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 6x
2
− 3 − 7x

2 2
6x − 3 − 7x = 6x − 7x − 3
2
= 6x − 9x + 2x − 3
Ans. :
= 3x(2x − 3) + 1(2x − 3)

= (2x − 3)(3x + 1)

So, 6x when or
2
− 3 − 7x = 0 2x − 3 = 0 3x + 1 = 0

i.e., when x =
3

2
or x = −
1

3
.
Hence, the zeroes of the polynomial are and
3 1
6x
2
− 3 − 7x
2
−
3
.
29. Which term of the AP: 3, 8, 13, 18, ……….., is 78
Ans. : The given AP is 3, 8, 13, 18, .....
Here a = 3
d=8-3=5
Let the nth term of the AP be 78.
then, an = a + (n - 1) d
⇒ 78 = 3 + (n - 1) (5)

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 ⇒ 5(n - 1) = 78 - 3
⇒ 5(n - 1) = 75
75
⇒ n −1 =
5

⇒ n - 1 = 15
⇒ n = 15 + 1
⇒ n = 16
30. In an AP: a = 3, n = 8, s = 192, find d.
Ans. : Here, a = 3
n=8
S = 192
We know that
n
S = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2
8
⇒ 192 = [2(3) + (8 − 1)d]
2

⇒ 192 = 4[6 + 7d]

192
⇒ = 6 + 7d
4

⇒ 48 = 6 + 7d
⇒ 48 - 6 = 7d
⇒ 42 = 7d
⇒ 7d = 42
42
⇒ d =
7

⇒ d=6
31. If Q(0, 1) is equidistant from P(5, -3) and R(x, 6), find the values of x. Also find
the distances QR and PR.
Ans. : PQ = RQ
⇒ PQ 2 = RQ 2
⇒ (0 - 5)2 + [1 - (-3)]2 = (0 - x)2 + (1 - 6)2
⇒ 25 + 16 = x2 + 25
⇒ x2 = 16
⇒ x = ±4

∴ R → ( ±4, 6)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 −−
QR = √(0 ± 4) + (1 − 6) = √41
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P R = √(±4 − 5) + {6 − (−3)}
−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(4 − 5) + 81 or √(−4 − 5) + 81
−− –
= √82 or 9√2 .
32. The distribution given below shows the number of wickets taken by bowlers in
one-day cricket matches. Find the mean number of wickets by choosing a
suitable method. What does the mean signify?

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 Number of Wickets 20-60 60-100 100-150 150-250 250-350 350-450
Number of Bowlers 7 5 16 12 2 3

Ans. : Here, the class size varies, and hence xi, so f ixi will be large. Let us apply the
step deviation method with a = 200 and h = 20. Then, we obtain the data as in Table
Number of tickets Number of bowlers
xi di = xi – 200 ui =
di
uif i
taken (f i) 20

20-60 7 40 -160 -8 -56

60-100 5 80 -120 -6 -30
12
100-150 16 -75 -3.75 -60
5
20
150-250 12 0 0 0
0
30
250-350 2 100 5 10
0
40
350-450 3 200 10 30
0
Total 45 -106

Therefore, x̄
−106
= 200 + 20 ( ) = 200 − 47.11 = 152.89
45

This tells us that, on average, the number of wickets taken by these 45 bowlers in
one-day cricket is 152.89
33. For a given frequency distribution, in usual notations, I = 40 f0 = 3, f1 = 7

f2 = 6 and h = 15 Find the mode of the data.

Ans. : I = 40, f0 = 3, f1 = 7, f2 = 6 and h = 15

f1 − f0
Mode = I +( ) ×h
2f1 − f0 − f2

7 −3
= 40 + ( ) × 15
14 − 3 − 6

4
= 40 + ( ) × 15
5

= 40 + (4)(3)

= 40 + 12

= 52

Thus, Mode = 52 .
34. A child has a die whose 6 faces show the letters given below:

The die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting (i) A, (ii) D?

Ans. :

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 let E1 be the event of getting A.
number of favourable outcomes = 3
P(getting A)= P (E1 )
3 1
= =
6 2

let E2 be the event of getting D.

number of favourable outcomes = 1
P(getting D)= P (E2 ) =
1

35. A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the
bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is
1. red ?
2. not red ?
Ans. : Probability that two students are not having same birthday = P(E) = 0.992
We know, probability of occurrence of an event and probability of non occurrence
of event = 1
P(E) +
¯
¯¯¯
∴ P (E ) =1
¯
¯¯¯
⇒ 0.992 + P (E ) =1
¯
¯¯¯
⇒P ( E ) = 1 - 0.992
¯
¯¯¯
⇒P ( E ) = 0.008
Hence, P(two students have the same birthday) = 0.008
36. A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the
whole term. Find the mean number of days a student was absent.
Number of days 0-6 6-10 10-14 14-20 20-28 28-38 38-40

Number of students 11 10 7 4 4 3 1

Ans. :
Number of days Number of students (f i) Class mark (xi) f ixi
0-6 11 3 33
6-10 10 8 80
10-14 7 12 84
14-20 4 17 68
20-28 4 24 96
28-38 3 33 99
38-40 1 39 39
Total ∑ f i = 40 ∑ f ixi = 499
Using the direct method,
∑ fi xi 499
¯¯
¯
x =
∑ f
=
40
= 12.475
i

Hence, the mean number of days a student was absent is 12.48

A B
37. Mean by step deviation method is Σfi xi
(a)x̄ = a + ×h
......... n

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38. For grouped frequency distribution, Σfi ui
(b) x̄ = a + ×h
mode = Σf
i

(c) 3 (Median) – 2 (mean)

Section C

* Given section consists of questions of 3 marks each. ( Write any 6 ) [18]

–
39. Prove that √5 is irrational.
–
Ans. : Let us prove √5 irrational by contradiction.
–
Let us suppose that √5 is rational. It means that we have co-prime integers a and
b (b ≠ 0)
–
Such that √5 =
a

b
–
⇒ b √5 =a
Squaring both sides, we get
⇒ 5b 2 =a 2 ... (1)
It means that 5 is factor of a2
Hence, 5 is also factor of a by Theorem. ... (2)
If, 5 is factor of a , it means that we can write a = 5c for some integer c .
Substituting value of a in (1) ,
5b2 = 25c2
⇒ b2 =5c2
It means that 5 is factor of b2 .
Hence, 5 is also factor of b by Theorem. ... (3)
From (2) and (3) , we can say that 5 is factor of both a and b .
But, a and b are co-prime .
–
Therefore, our assumption was wrong. √5 cannot be rational. Hence, it is
irrational.
40. Find the zeroes of quadratic polynomial x2 - 2x - 8 and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and their coefficients.
Ans. : Let p(x) = x2 - 2x - 8
By the method of splitting the middle term,
2 2
x − 2x − 8 = x − 4x + 2x − 8

= x(x − 4) + 2(x − 4) = (x − 4)(x + 2)

For zeroes of p(x),

p(x) = 0 ⇒ (x − 4)(x + 2) = 0

⇒ x − 4 = 0 or x + 2 = 0

⇒ x = 4 or x = −2

⇒ x = 4, −2 So, the zeroes of p(x) are 4 and -2.

We observe that, Sum of its zeroes
= 4 + (-2) = 2

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 −(−2) − (Coefficient of x)
= =
2
1 Coefficient of x

Product of its zeroes

Hence, relation between zeroes and
−8 Constant term
= 4x(−2) = −8 = =
1 2
Coefficient of x

coefficients is verified.
41. Solve the pair of linear equations by substitution method: x + y = 14; x – y = 4
Ans. : x + y = 14; x - y = 4
the given pair of linear equations is
x + y = 14.................(1)
x - y = 4....................(2)
From equation(1),
y = 14 - x...................(3)
Substitute this value of y in equation(2), we get
x - (14 - x) = 4
⇒ x - 14 + x = 4

⇒ 2x - 14 = 4
⇒ 2x = 4 + 14

⇒ 2x = 18
18
⇒ x = = 9
2

Substituting this value of x in equation (3), we get y = 14 - 9 = 5

Therefore, the solution is x = , y = 5
verification: Substituting x = 9 and y = 5, we find that both the equations (1) and (2)
are satisfied as shown below:
x + y = 9 + 5 = 14
x - y = 9 - 5=4
This verifies the solution.
42. In an AP: a = 7, a13 = 35, find d and S13.
Ans. : Here, a = 7
a13 = 35
an = a + (n - 1)d
⇒ a13 = a + (13 - 1)d
⇒ a13 = a + 12d
⇒ 35 = 7 + 12d
⇒ 12d = 35 - 7
⇒ 12d = 28
28
⇒ d =
12
7
⇒ d =
3

Again, we know that

n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2
13
⇒ S13 = [2a + (13 − 1)d]
2

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 13
⇒ S13 = [2a + 12d]
2
13 7
= S13 = [2(7) + 12 ( )]
2 3
13
⇒ S13 = (14 + 28)
2
13
⇒ S13 = (42)
2

⇒ S13 = (13)(21)

⇒ S13 = 273

43. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d = 7 and 22nd term is 149.
Ans. : Here, d = 7
a22 = 149
Let the first term of the AP be a.
We know that
an = a + (n - 1)d
⇒ a22 = a + (22 - 1)d
⇒ a22 = a + 21d
⇒ 149 = a + (21) (7)
⇒ 149 = a + 147
⇒ a=2
Again, we know that
n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2
22
⇒ S22 = [2(2) + (22 − 1)7]
2

⇒ S22 = (11) [4 + 147]

⇒ S22 = (11) (151)
⇒ S22 = 1661
Hence, the sum of the first 22 terms of the AP is 1661.
44. Find the coordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining the
points (4, -3) and (8, 5) in the ratio 3 : 1 internally.

Ans. : Let coordinates of the required point be R(x, y). This

means R divides the join of P(4, -3) and Q(8, 5) in the ratio 3:1 internally.
Using the Section formula for internal division, here x1 = 4, y1 = -3, x2 = 8, y2 = 5, m =
3, n = 1
mx2 +nx1 my2 +ny1
⇒ (x,y) = (
m+n
,
m+n
)

3(8)+1(4) 3(5)+1(−3) 24+4 15−3

⇒ (x,y) = ( 3+1
, 3+1
) ⇒ (x,y) = (
4
,
4
)

x= 7 and y= 3
28 12
⇒ (x,y) = (
4
,
4
) = (7, 3) ⇒

Thus, the coordinates of R (x,y) = (7,3)

45. The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households in a
locality.

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 Daily expenditure (in ₹) 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 300-350

Number of households 4 5 12 2 2
Find the mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method.
Ans. :
Daily
Frequency f i Mid value xi di= xi –
­ 225 ui =
(x –225) i
f iui
expenditure 50

100 – 150 4 125 -100 -2 -8

150 – 200 5 175 -50 -1 -5
200 – 250 12 225 0 0 0
250 – 300 2 275 50 1 2
300 – 350 2 325 100 2 4
∑ fi = 25 ∑ fi ui = -7
assumed mean (a) = 225,
h = 50
∑ fi ui
Mean = ¯¯
x̄ =a+ ( )× h
∑ fi

−7
= 225 + 50( 25
)

= 225 - 14 = 211
46. The distribution below gives the weights of 30 students of a class. Find the
median weight of the students.
Weight(in kg) Number of students
40-45 2
45-50 3
50-55 8
55-60 6
60-65 6
65-70 3
70-75 2

Ans. :
Weight Cumulative
Number of students
(in kg) frequency
40-45 2 2
45-50 3 5
50-55 8 13
55-60 6 19
60-65 6 25
65-70 3 28
70-75 2 30

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 Now, n = 30
So, n 30
= = 15
2 2

This observation lies in the class 55-60,

So, 55-60 is the median class.
Therefore,
l = 55
h=5
f=6
cf = 13
n
−cf
Median 2 15−13
∴ = l +( ) × h = 55 + ( ) ×5
f 6

10 5
= 55 + = 55 +
6 3

= 55 + 1.67 = 56.67
Hence, the median weight of the students is 56.67 kg.
47. A piggy bank contains hundred 50 p coins, fifty ₹ 1 coins, twenty ₹ 2 coins and
ten ₹ 5 coins. If it is equally likely that one of the coins will fall out when the
bank is turned upside down, what is the probability that the coin
i. will be a 50 p coin?
ii. will not be a ₹ 5 coin?
Ans. : Number 50 p coins in the piggy bank = 100
Number of Re. 1 coins in the piggy bank = 50
Number of Rs. 2 coins in the piggy bank = 20
Number of Rs. 5 coins in the piggy bank = 10
∴ Total number of coins in the piggy bank = 100 + 50 + 20 -10 = 180
∴ Number of all possible outcomes = 180
i. Number of favourable outcomes to the event that the coin will be a 50 p
coin = 100
∴ Probability that the coin will be a 50 p coin
Number of favourable outcomes to the event that the coin will be a 50 p coin

Number of all possible outcomes

100 5
=
180 9

ii. Number of favourable outcomes to the event that the coin will not be a Rs.
5 coin
= 100 + 50 + 20 = 170
∴ Probability that the coin will not be Rs. 5 coin
T otal no. of favourable outcomes 170 17
=
T otal number of possible outcomes 180 18

Section D

* Given section consists of questions of 4 marks each. ( Write any 4 ) [20]

Page 13
48. Solve the pairs of linear equation by the elimination method and the
2y y
substitution method: x2 +
3
= −1 and x −
3
= 3

Ans. :
i. By Elimination method
The given system of equation is
x 2y

2
+
3
= −1 ...............(1)
y
x−
3
= 3 ....................(2)
Multiplying equation (2) by 2, we get
2y
2x −
3
= 6 ......................(3)
Adding equation(1) and equation (2), we get
5 5×2
x = 5 ⇒ x = ⇒ x = 2
2 5

Substituting this value of x in equation(2), we get

y y
2 − = 3 ⇒ = 2 − 3 = −1 ⇒ y = −3
3 3

So, the solution of the given system of equation is

x = 2, y = -3
ii. By substitution method
The given system of equation is
x 2y

2
+
3
= −1 ...............(1)
y
x−
3
= 3 ....................(2)
From equation (2),
y
x =
3
+3 ....................(3)
Substituting this value of x in (1),
1 y 2y
( + 3) + = −1
2 3 3
y 3 2y 5y 3
⇒ + + = −1 ⇒ = −1 −
6 2 3 6 2
5y 5
⇒ −− ⇒ y = −3
6 2

Substituting this value of y in equation (3), we get

3
x = − + 3 = −1 + 3 − 2
3

So, the solution of the given system of equations is x = 2, y = -3

Verification: Substituting x = 2, y = -3, we find that both the equation (1)
and (2) are satisfied as shown below:
x 2y 2 2(−3)
+ = + = 1 − 2 = −1
2 3 2 3

49. The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an AP is 24 and the sum of the 6th and
10th term is 44. Find the first three terms of the AP.
Ans. :
Let the first term and the common difference of the AP be a and d respectively.
Then,
4th term = a + (4 - 1)d = a + 3d ∵ an = a + (n − 1)d

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 8th term = a + (8 - 1)d = a + 7d ∵ an = a + (n − 1)d
6th term = a + (6 - 1)d = a + 5d ∵ an = a + (n − 1)d
and 10th term = a + (10 - 1)d = a + 9d ∵ an = a + (n − 1)d
According to the question,
4th term + 8th term = 24
⇒ (a + 3d) + (a + 7d) = 24

⇒ 2a + 10d = 24

⇒ a + 5d = 12 .......... (1) (Dividing throughout by 2)

6th term + 10th term = 24

⇒ (a + 5d) + (a + 9d) = 44

⇒ 2a + 14d = 44
⇒ a + 7d = 22 .......... (2) (Dividing throughout by 2)

Solving (1) and (2), we get

a = -13
d = 15
So, First term = -13
Second term = -13 + 5 = -8
Third term = -8 + 5 = -3
Hence, the first three terms of the given AP are -13, -8 and -3.

50. state and basic propotionaloity.Theorem.

Ans. :
Proof: We are given a triangle ABC in which a line parallel to side BC intersects
other two sides AB and AC at D and E respectively (see Fig. 6.10).
We need to prove that AD

DB
=
AE

EC
.
Let us join BE and CD and then draw DM ⊥ AC and EN ⊥ AB .
Now, area of △ADE (=
1

2
base × height )=
1

2
AD × EN .
Recall from Class IX, that area of △ADE is denoted as ar(ADE) .
So,
1
ar(ADE) = AD × EN
2

Similarly,
1
ar(BDE) = DB × EN ,
2

1 1
ar(ADE) = AE × DM and ar(DEC) = EC × DM .
2 2

Therefore,

Page 15
 1
ar(ADE) AD×EN
2 AD
= =
1
ar(BDE) DB
DB×EN
2

and
1
ar(ADE) AE×DM
2 AE
= =
1
ar(DEC) EC
EC×DM
2

Note that △BDE and DEC are on the same base DE and between the same
parallels BC and DE .
So,
ar(BDE) = ar(DEC)

Therefore, from (1), (2) and (3), we have :

AD AE
=
DB EC

Is the converse of this theorem also true (For the meaning of converse, see
Appendix 1)? To examine this, let us perform the following activity:
51. In Fig. CM and RN are respectively the medians of △ ABC and △ PQR. If △ ABC
∼ △ PQR, prove that:
i. △ AMC ∼ △ PNR

ii.
CM AB
=
RN PQ

iii. △ CMB ∼ △ RNQ

Ans. :
i. △ ABC ∼ △ PQR (Given)
So, ...(1) (corresponding sides of similar triangles are
AB BC CA
= =
PQ QR RP

proportional)
and ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q and ∠C = ∠R ...(2)
But AB = 2 AM and PQ = 2 PN (As CM and RN are medians)
So, from (1),
i.e., AM
=
CA
...(3)
PN RP

Also, ∠ MAC = ∠ NPR [From (2)] ...(4)

So, from (3) and (4),
△ AMC ∼ △ PNR (SAS similarity criterion) ...(5)

ii. From (5), CM

RN
=
CA

RP
...(6) (corresponding sides of similar triangles are
proportional)
But
CA AB

RP
=
PQ
[From (1)] ...(7)
Therefore, RN [From (6) and (7)] ...(8)
CM AB
=
PQ

Page 16
 iii. Again, P
AB

Q
=
BC

QR
[From (1)]
Therefore CM

RN
=
BC

QR
[From (8)] ...(9)
Also, CM

RN
=
AB

PQ
=
2BM

2QN

i.e., CM

RN
=
BM

QN
...(10)
i.e., CM
RN
=
BC

QR
=
BM

QN
[From (9) and (10)]
Therefore, △ CMB ∼ △ RNQ (SSS similarity criterion)
52. If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, then find the values of
x and y.
Class Interval frequency
0-10 5
10-20 x
20-30 20
30-40 15
40-50 y
50-60 5
Total 60

Ans. :
Monthly Consumption Number of consumers (fi ) Cumulative Frequency
0-10 5 5
10-20 x 5+x
20-30 20 25 + x
30-40 15 40 + x
40-50 y 40 + x + y
50-60 5 45 + x + y
Total ∑ fi = n = 60

Here, ∑ fi , then , also, median of the distribution is 28.5,

n 60
= n = 60 = = 30
2 2

which lies in interval 20 – 30.

∴ Median class = 20 – 30

So, l = 20, n = 60, f = 20, cf = 5 + x and h = 10

∵ 45 + x + y = 60

⇒ x + y = 15 ………...........(i)
n
−cf

Now, Median = l +[
2

f
] ×h

30−(5+x)
⇒ 28.5 = 20 + [ ] × 10
20

Page 17
 30−5−x
⇒ 28.5 = 20 +
2
40+25−x
⇒ 28.5 =
2

⇒ 57.0 = 65 − x

⇒ x = 65 − 57 = 8

⇒ x=8
Putting the value of x in eq. (i), we get,
8 + y = 15
⇒ y = 7

Hence the value of x and y are 8 and 7 respectively.

53. The following distribution gives the state-wise teachers-student ratio in higher
secondary schools of India. Find the mode and mean of this data. Interpret the
two measures:
Number of students per teacher Number of states/U.T.
15 - 20 3
20 - 25 8
25 - 30 9
30 - 35 10
35 - 40 3
40 - 45 0
45 - 50 0
50 - 55 2

Ans. : WE may observe from the given data that maximum class frequency is 10
belonging to class interval 30 - 35.
So, modal class = 30 - 35
Class size (h) = 5
Lower limit (l) of modal class = 30
Frequency (f) of modal class = 10
Frequency (f 1) of class preceding modal class = 9
Frequency (f 2) of class succeeding modal class = 3
f−f1
Mode = l + 2f−f1 −f2
× h

h
10−9
= 30 + 2×10−9−3
×

1
= 30 + 20−12
× 5
= 30 + 58
= 30.625
Mode = 30.6
It represents that most of states/U.T have a teacher-student ratio as 30.6
Now we may find class marks by using the relation

Page 18
 upper class limit +lower class limit
Class mark = 2

Now taking 32.5 as assumed mean (a) we may calculate di, ui, and f iui as following
Number of students per Number of states/U.T
xi di = xi - 32.5 Ui f iui
teacher (f i)
17.
15 – 20 3 -15 -3 -9
5
22.
20 – 25 8 -10 -2 -16
5
27.
25 – 30 9 -5 -1 -9
5
32.
30 – 35 10 0 0 0
5
37.
35 – 40 3 5 1 3
5
42.
40 – 45 0 10 2 0
5
47.
45 – 50 0 15 3 0
5
52.
50 – 55 2 20 4 8
5
Total 35 -23
Σfi ui
Now, Mean ¯¯
¯
x = a +
Σfi
× h
−23
= 32.5 + 35
× 5
= 32.5 - 23
7

= 32.5 - 3.28
= 29.22
So mean of data is 29.2.
It represents that on an average teacher-student ratio was 29.2
54. A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn
at random from the box. find the probability that it bears (1) a two digit number
(2) a perfect square number and (3) a number divisible by 5. (4) a perfect cube
number.
Ans. : One disc is drawn at random from a box containing 90 discs numbered from
1 to 90 .
∴ The number of all possible outcomes in the experiment of drawing one disc

= 90

(1) Let A be the event 'the disc drawn bears a two-digit number'.
Among numbers from 1 to 90 , there are 81 two-digit numbers: 10, 11, … , 90 .
∴ The number of outcomes favourable to A is 81 .
 81 9
∴ P (A) = =
90 10

(2) Let B be the event 'the disc drawn bears a perfect square number'.
Among numbers from 1 to 90 , there are 9 perfect square numbers
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 .

∴ The number of outcomes favourable to B is 9 .

9 1
∴ P (B) = =
90 10

(3) Let C be the event 'the disc drawn bears a number divisible by 5 '.
Among numbers from 1 to 90 , there are 18 numbers which are divisible by 5 in
5. 10, 15, … , 85, 90 .
∴ The number of outcomes favourable to C is 18 .

18
∴ P (C) =
90

1
=
5
(4) Let D be the event 'the disc drawn bears a perfet cube number' Among
numbers from 1 to 90 , there are 4 perfect cube numbers: (1, 8, 27, 64 ).
4
∴ P (D) =
90

2
=
45

55. Check whether (5, –2), (6, 4) and (7, –2) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
Ans. : Let A → (5, -2), B → (6, 4) and C → (7, -2)
Then,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
AB = √(6 − 5) + (4 − (−2)) = √(1) + (6)
−−−−− −−
= √1 + 36 = √37
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
BC = √(7 − 6) + (−2 − 4) = √(1) + (−6)
−−−−− −−
= √1 + 36 = √37
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−

CA =
2 2 2 2
√(7 − 5) + (−2 − (−2)) = √(2) + (0)

We see that AB = BC ≠ CA
So, the A, B and C are vertices of an isosceles triangle.
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