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MP GEOGRAPHY MAJOR CROPS
As per MP Economic Survey 2023-24
 In the fiscal years 2023-24 the production of major crops increased by 0.20%.
 Analysing the crop production by category, cereals production was reduced by 1.91%, pulses
experienced a significant increase and oilseeds showed a growth of 7.32%.
 In the realm of horticultural crops, there was a growth in spice production from 52.62 lakh metric
tonnes in 2022-23 to 53.59 lakh metric tonnes in 2023-24.
 Vegetable production also rose from 236.41 metric tonnes to 242.62 metric tonnes during the same
period.
 Fruit production increased from 95.10 lakh metric tonnes in 2022-23 to 95.54 lakh metric tonnes in
2023-24.
 During 2023-24, the contribution of the crop sector to GSVA in Madhya Pradesh was 9.10 and 1.84%
at current and constant prices (2011-12), respectively.
Crop Production
 According to the second advance estimate, the area under major crops expanded from 30,048
thousand hectares in 2022-23 to 30,246 thousand hectares in 2023-24 showing 0.66% increase.
 Meanwhile, the total production of these crops rose from 72,228 thousand tonnes to 72,371 thousand
tonnes (2nd advance estimates).
 Overall, crop production in 2023-24 showed a 0.20% increase compared to the previous year,
indicating a positive trend in agricultural output during this period.

Agriculture Production largely depends on type of Soil:

Types of Soil Districts/ Region
Alluvial Soil Bhind, Morena, Gwalior
Black Soil Malwa, Narmada, Satpura Region
Red and Black Soil Shivpuri, Rewa, Satna, Panna, sidhi,
Chhatrpur, Tikamgarh, Datia, Guna
Red and Yellow soil Balaghat
Mixed Soil Rest of the region

Major Crops Madhya Pradesh

Wheat
 Area wise Wheat is the largest Food Crop.
 Wheat is a staple crop of M.P.
 It is a Rabi crop and it is a highest irrigated crop of M.P.
 It is a Temperate Crop, Requires cool and dry climate (Light drizzle during Ripening Increases
Yield).
 Wheat covers 50.3% of total irrigated land of state.
 Plateau of Malwa is the highest wheat producing area of M.P. Hence it is termed as a store
house of wheat/Wheat bowl of MP/Wheat granary of MP
 Biggest wheat marked is situated at Dewas.
 Wheat has Highest Cropping area and production in Food Crop Category.
 Wheat has Highest GCA amongst all Crops.
 M.P. Tops in the national production of wheat (2022-23).
 Wheat growing area is spread over 5 areas 1. Sehore - Raisen - Sagar - Vidisha region 2. Central
Narmada Valley Region 3. Rewa Plateau 4. Bundelkhand Plateau 5. Madhya Bharat plateau.
 Major wheat producing districts: 1. Hoshangabad 2. Raisen 3. Ujjain 4. Shivpuri 5. Harda etc

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 Wheat: The area dedicated to wheat cultivation saw a 5.84 percent decline in 2023-24 compared to
2022 23, decreasing from 9,781.00 thousand hectares to 9,210.00 thousand hectares. Consequently,
wheat production also dropped by 5.73 percent, falling from 34,977.00 thousand tonnes in 2022-23
to 32,972.00 thousand tonnesin 2023-24.
Favourable conditions:
 Rainfall=75-100cm,
 Temp=less than 20 degree Celsius
 Soil=Loamy Alluvial soil is best suited.
 It is sown in October-November and harvested in March-April.
 Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR)-Karnal.
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Ujjain
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Dhar

Rice
 It is a Kharif crop in Madhya Pradesh.
 It Is a Tropical Crop, which requires hot & Humid Climate.
 The rice is spread over 4 regions in M.P. 1. Rewa Plateau region 2. Baghelkhand plateau region 3. Katni -
Jabalpur Region 4. Maikal-Pathar Area 5. Rice agriculture is also expanding rapidly due to the convenience
of irrigation in Chambal region.
 Major Paddy Production Districts: 1. Balaghat 2. Seoni 3. Satna 4. Shahdol 5. Rewa.
 Rice Bowl of MP=Balaghat.
 The area under paddy reflected a 4.44 percent increase in 2023-24 compared to 2022-23, with the area
expanding from 3,848.00 thousand hectares in 2022-23 to 4,019.00 thousand hectares in 2023-24
 Favourable conditions:
 Rainfall=100cm+
 Temp= 20 degree Celsius +
 Soil=Clayey soil is best suited.
 Kaalimooch Variety is From Balghat.
 Chinnour Rice-1st Agriculture Product to get GI tag from MP,Grown in Bhandara and Balghat region
of Wainganga Basin.
 Unpolished Rice is Rich in Vit-A, B & Calcium
 Golden Rice=GM Variety rich in Vit-A, Golden colour is due to Carotene.
 Important Varieties=Jeerashankar, Ranjit sub-1, Swarna sub-1.
 National Rice research Institute=Cuttack, Odisha.
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Balaghat
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Rewa

Maize:
 After wheat and paddy, it is 3rd major food crop of M.P.
 It is a Tropical Crop, Subtropical Crop.
 It Requires Hot & Warm Climate with Temp=20 degree+, Rainfall=50-75cm & is well grown in Loamy
Soil.
 It is sown as a Kharif crop.
 Major Maize Growing Districts 1- Dhar 2- Chhindwara 3- Barwani 4- Jhabua 5- Ratlam.
 It is Known as Queen of Grains.
 The area of maize production has grown rapidly in the last few years because Maize cultivation is possible
even in semi-arid conditions.
 Chindwara is Known as Corn City.
 Corn Festival is held in Chindwara.
Maize: The area under maize cultivation increased by 6.08 percent in 2023-24 compared to2022-23,
expanding from 1,448.00 thousand hectares to 1,536.00 thousand hectares. This increase in area led to a 6.75

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percent rise in production, which grew from 4,621.00 thousand tonnes in 2022-23 to 4,933.00 thousand tonnes
in 2023-24.
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Chhindwara
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Chhindwara

Millets
They are Kharif Coaral grained cerecle grown mainly in semi arid rainfall areas. They are considered as ‘Staple
Crop of Poor.
Kodo and Kutki
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Mandla
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Mandla

Jowar-
 It is an important millet grown in Northern, North-western, western, southern eastern & Southern Part of State.
It does not grow where rainfall exceeded 100 cm.

 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Gwalior

 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Gwalior

Bajara (Pearl Millet)-

 It is also a rainfall & Kharif Crop, grown in the state, it is cultivated in Nothern Madhya Pradesh.\
Note: Maize, Millets act as a food or will an fooder.
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Morena
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Morena
 Indian Institute of Millet Research - Hyderabad
Ragi-
 Characteristics & region are same as that off Bajara & Jowar
 Ragi Top Producer- Karnataka
Pulses
In 2023-24, the total area under pulse crops saw a significant increase of 31.35 percent compared to 2022-23.
Indian Institute of Pulses Research-Hyderabad
 International Pulses Research Centre-Sehore
 Tuar Research Centre-Sehore
 Pulses Research Centre-Sehore
Total Pulses
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Sagar
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Chhatarpur
Gram:
 It is the major pulse crop of the state.
 Gram cultivation can be done in low fertile soil and low rainfall areas.
 Major gram producing regions 1. Eastern Malwa 2. Bundelkhand Plateau 3. Upper Narmada Valley.
 Major gram growing districts 1. Sagar 2. Vidisha 3. Chhindwara 4. Rajgarh 5. Ujjain.
 In the 2023-24 period, chickpea cultivation area increased by 11.29% compared to 2022-23, expanding from
2,108,000 hectares to 2,346,000 hectares.
 As a result of this increased cultivation area, chickpea production also rose by 11.39%, going from 3,563,000
metric tonnes in 2022-23 to 3,969,000 metric tonnes in 2023-24.
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Raisen
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Raisen

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Tur/Arhar/Pigeon Pea
 It is the second pulses crop after gram.
 M.P. Major district producing districts: 1. Chhindwara 2. Narsinghpur 3. Singrauli 4. Seoni 5. Sidhi.
 In 2023-24, pigeon pea cultivation area experienced a decline of 6.63 percent compared to 2022-23, decreasing
from 166.00 thousand hectares to 155.00 thousand hectares
 However, despite the reduction in cultivated area, production showed a notable increase of 17.81 percent from
146.00 thousand metric tonnes in 2022-23 to 172.00 thousand metric tonnes in 2023- 24.
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Singrauli
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Chhindwara

Black Lentil
 Grown as Rabi crop in State.
 Widely distributed in Mandsaur, Neemuch of NW MP & Tikamgarh and Its neighbouring Areas.
 Bundelkhand is the Leading Producer.
Urad, Moong, Masoor, and Matar: In the 2023-24 period, the area under urad bean cultivation decreased by
34.22% compared to 2022-23, leading to a 32.71% reduction in production.
Urad
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Sagar
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Sagar
Moong
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Chhatarpur
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Damoh
Matar
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Chhatarpur
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Chhatarpur

Oilseed crops
 Oilseed crop is grown on the major agricultural land in the state after foodgrain.
 It not only supplies edible oil, but also provides cash as a commercial crop.
 MP is ranked first in oilseeds production.
 Soybean, rye, mustard, groundnut, sesame , etc. are produced as oilseed crops.
 Among these crops, soybean, groundnut and sesame are kharif crops, while linseed, mustard are rabi crops.
 M.P. has 4 oilseed production regions:
1. Chambal Valley region (mustard based)
2. Malwa plateau (soybean based)
3. Chhindwara Betul Plateau (Soybean Based) 4. Central Narmada Valley (soybean based).
Total Oilseeds
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Ujjain
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Ujjain

Soyabean (Glycine max):

 M.P. is contribution 62% of Soyabean in national production hence M.P. stands first in the same.
 Hence M.P. is also termed as a Soya State.
 1/3rd of MP’s cropping area under Oilseeds production
 It is a Kharif Crop.
 Soybean cultivation started in Dewas district, Later it expanded to other districts of the Malwa plateau, the
central Narmada valley, and the Betul Chidwara plateau.
 India’s first Soyabean stock exchange is situated at Indore.
 In M.P. Soyabean cultivation was started from Dewas.
 Soyabean Commodity Market-Indore
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 National Soyabean Directorate-Indore
 National Soyabean Research Centre-Indore
 State Soyabean Research Centre-Ujjain.
 Asia’s Biggest Soya Research Centre-Ujjain
 Biggest Soya Factory-Ujjain
 It is the main commercial crop of the state.
 Soybean- The soybean cultivation area is expected to increase by 1.76% in 2023-24 compared to2022-23,
rising from 5,974.00 thousand hectares to 6,079.00 thousand hectares
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Ujjain
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Ujjain

Mustard:
 It is a Rabi crop, grown in cool climate in Loamy Soil.
 It is the second major oilseed crop after soybean.
 The major mustard production districts are Bhind ,Morena, Mandsaur, Gwalior, Sheopur.
 It is cultivated in the Chambal River area with the help of irrigation.
Mustard (Rai-Sarson): An anticipated growth of 10.21% is expected in the area dedicated to mustard
cultivation in 2023-24 compared to the preceding year, with the cultivation area expanding from 1,273.00
thousand hectares to 1,403.00 thousand hectares
 CIP is Known as Mustard Bowl of MP.

 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Bhind

 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Bhind

Other Oilseed Crops

Groundnut:
 It is the third major oilseed crop that is sown on about 2 lakh hectares of land.
 It is a leguminous Crop, grown as Kharif crop in State
 It is a rainfed crop in State
 It is produced in semi-arid regions such as Nimar , Bundelkhand.

 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Shivpuri

 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Shivpuri

Linseed:
 It is a Rabi crop which is grown in Loamy to light sandy soil in Chhatarpur, Tikamgarh, Sagar, Seoni,
Balaghat areas.
 MP is the Leading Producer of Linseed
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Mandsaur
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Mandsaur

Til
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Chhatarpur
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Chhatarpur

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Sesame:
 Major sesame producing districts are Rewa, Sidhi, Chhatarpur, Tikamgarh, Shahdol, Panna, Balaghat, seoni.

Commercial crops
Cotton:
 It is a Fibrous, Kharif Crop
 This is a major commercial crop of M.P.
 It is usually produced on Black soil.
 At the time of independence, cotton was cultivated on about 8 lakh hectares of land, but due to soyabean, its
importance has started to decrease.
 75% of Cotton producing area lies in the Nimar region (White Gold Region) of Madhya Pradesh.
 Major Varities: H-8, JKH-1, 3.
 Demand for cotton textiles has come down due to the prevalence of artificial fibers..
Cotton (Kapas): In cotton cultivation, an increase of 5.88% is expected in 2023-24 compared to 2022-
23, with the cultivation area expanding from 595.00 thousand hectares to 630.00 thousand hectares
 Central Institute of Cotton Research-Nagpur
 MP Cotton Research Centre-Khargone
 Organic Cotton Research Centre-Khandwa.
Note: BT cotton also in some region for Pilot projects.

 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Khargone

 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Khargone

Sugarcane:
 It is a Tropical, Subtropical, Kharif Crop.
 It is Water Intensive Crop Grown in Region with Annual RF=75-150 cm.
 Sugarcane is a fully irrigated crop, which requires continuous irrigation.
 Most sugarcane are grown near sugar factories.
 Main Sugarcane Growing Regions are Central Narmada Valley, Northern Plains.
 The major sugarcane producing districts are Narsinghpur, Chhindwara, Gwalior, Datia, Jabalpur etc.
 Narsinghpur has 50% of the MP’s area under Sugarcane Cultivation.
 Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research-Lucknow
 Sugarcane Breeding Research Institute-Coimbatore, TN
 National Sugar Institute-Kanpur
 State Sugarcane Research Centre-Bohani, Narsinghpur
 Sugarcane: In sugarcane cultivation, a decrease of 8.93% is anticipated in 2023-24 compared to 2022-23, with the
cultivation area decreasing from 112.00 thousand hectares to 102.00 thousand Hectares
 District with the Largest Area Coverage (Hectares) : Narsinghpur
 District with the Highest Production (Metric Tons): Narsinghpur

Other Cash Crops

Opium:
 It is also termed as poppy tears and its source plant is Papaver Somniferum.
 M.P. is the highest producer of opium in India, in which Mandsaur stands first and Neemuch stands second.
 It is used to prepare Medicines.
 It is a depressant crop, contains chemical compound called Opioids.
 Golden Crescent=Afg-Pak-Iran.
 Golden Triangle=Myanmar-Laos-Thailand.
 Central Bureau of Narcotics-Gwalior.
Cannabis:
 It is also known as Marijuana.
 They are Psychoactive Drugs which acts as a Depressants, Stimulants, Hallucinogen.
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 Khandwa is the highly cannabis producing district of state, Burhanpur stands second.
 Khandwa is Known as Paradise of Hemp Seeker.
Tobacco:
 Nicotiana tabacum is its botanical name.
 It is a Tropical, Subtropical, Kharif Crop.
 Mainly Grown in red-yellow soil.
 It contains Chemical Compound called Nocotine
 Rewa is the largest producer of it Madhya Pradesh.
Central Tobacco Research Institute-Rajmundary, AP.

Production and Area Coverage for the Year 2022-23 (Final Estimate)
District with the Largest District with the Highest Production
Name of the Crop
Area Coverage (Hectares) (Metric Tons)
Total Food Grains Chhindwara Chhindwara
Total Kharif Crops Sagar Chhindwara
Total Rabi Crops Sagar Dhar
Total Zaid Crops Narsinghpur Narsinghpur
Total Kharif + Rabi + Zaid Sagar Chhindwara

Source: According to the website of the Department of Farmer Welfare and Agriculture for the year 2022-
23 (Final Estimate) for Area Coverage and Production

IMPORTANT FACTS
 Sri Anna Research Centre – Dindori
 Gram Research Centre – Ujjain

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