CE 204: Computer Programming Sessional

Data
Arithmetic Operations 1
Ahmed Farhan Ahnaf Siddique

Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering,
BUET

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 Variables and Their Declarations
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ // prints "m = 44 and n = 77":
int m, n;
m = 44; // assigns the value 44 to the variable m
cout << "m = " << m;
n = m + 33; // assigns the value 77 to the variable n
cout << " and n = " << n << endl;
return 0;}
➢ Both m and n are declared on the same line
➢ Any number of variables can be declared
together this way if they have the same type
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 Variables and Their Declarations
➢ Every variable in a C++ program must be
declared before it is used.

➢ The syntax is specifier type name initializer;

➢ Where specifier is an optional keyword such as
const

➢ type is one of the C++ data types such as int

➢ name is the name of the variable
➢ initializer is an optional initialization clause such
as = 44

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 Input Operator
➢ The input operator >> (also called the get
operator or the extraction operator) works like
the output operator <<
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ // tests the input of integers,floats,and characters:
int m,n;
cout << "Enter two integers: ";
cin >> m >> n;
cout << "m = " << m << ", n = " << n << endl;
double x,y,z;
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 Input Operator

cout << "Enter three decimal numbers: ";

cin >> x >> y >> z;
cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y << ", z = " << z <<
endl;
char c1,c2,c3,c4 ;
cout << "Enter four characters: ";
cin >> c1 >> c2 >> c3 >> c4;
cout << "c1 = " << c1 << ", c2 = " << c2 << ", c3 = "
<< c3 << ", c4 = " << c4 << endl;
return 0;
}

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 Size of Different Data Types
• The number of bites used for data types vary from
compiler to compiler, however we can get this
information by using the sizeof() operator

• sizeof() is a unary operator so it takes a single

operand and it returns an integer value that
represents the number of bytes occupied by a type
or by a variable

• you can apply sizeof operator even to an

expression and the expression does not necessarily
have to be within parenthesis
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 Size of Different Data Types
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"Size (number of bytes) of different data
types\n\n";
cout<<"Size of \'int \'= "<<sizeof(int)<<endl;
cout<<"Size of \'double =\'="
<<sizeof(double)<<endl;
cout<<"Size of \'short \' = "<<sizeof(short)<<endl;
cout<<"Size of \'long \' = "<<sizeof(long)<<endl;
cout<<"Size of \'float \' = "<<sizeof(float)<<endl;
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 Size of Different Data Types

cout<<"Size of \'char \' = "<<sizeof(char)<<endl;

cout<<"Size of \'long double \' = "<<sizeof(long
double)<<endl;
float weight=25.0;
int serial_no=5;
cout<<"Size of \'weight \' = "<<sizeof weight<<endl;
cout<<"Size of \'serial_no \' =
"<<sizeof(serial_no)<<endl;
}

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Size of Different Data Types

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 Arithmetic Operators
Operator Operation
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus (the remainder after division)

• For division, if the two operands are integer

(number or variable) then the expression returns
only the integer part of the actual result

• The operands of % must be integer

• Note: 5/2 -> 2, 5.0/2 -> 2.5, 5./2 -> 2.5, 5/2.0 -> 2.5

5%2 -> 1, 10%4 -> 2, 15%3 -> 0 11

 Precedence and Associativity

• In an expression involving several different

operators, the order in which the operators are
executed is determined by their precedence rule.

▪ * / % are of higher precedence than + and –

▪ * / % are of equal precedence
▪ + and – are of equal precedence
• Suppose we have written an expression
4*5/3%4+7/3

• Which operator will be executed first?

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 Precedence and Associativity
• However, we can overrule the precedence by use of
parenthesis.

• When there are consecutive operators of equal

precedence (such as in the expression 4 * 10 / 6 % 4)
then the sequence in which these will be executed
is determined by their associativity.

• * / % are left associative and these will be executed

from left to right.

• + and – are also left associative.

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 Precedence and Associativity

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

cout<<endl<<endl<<" 20/4/2 = "<<20/4/2;

cout<<endl<<endl<<" (20/4)/2 = "<<(20/4)/2;

cout<<endl<<endl<<" 20/(4/2) = "<<20/(4/2)<<endl;

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Precedence and Associativity

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 Precedence and Associativity
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

cout<<endl<<" 4*10/6%4 ="<<4*10/6%4;

cout<<endl<<" 4 * 10 = "<<4*10;

cout<<endl<<" 40 / 6 = "<<40/6;

cout<<endl<<" 6 % 4 = "<<6%4;

cout<<endl<<" ((4*10)/6)%4 ="<<((4*10)/6)%4;

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 Precedence and Associativity

cout<<endl<<" If * / % were right associative then"

<<endl<<" the following would have occurred";

cout<<endl<<" 6 % 4 ="<<6%4;

cout<<endl<<" 10 / 2 ="<<10/2;

cout<<endl<<" 4 * 5 ="<<4*5;

cout<<endl<<" 4*(10/(6%4)) ="<<4*(10/(6%4))<<endl;

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Precedence and Associativity

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 Precedence and Associativity

• However, in an expression such as

4*5/3%4+7/3

we cannot say whether the sub-expression

▪ 4 * 5 / 3 % 4 will be evaluated first or,

▪ 7 / 3 will be evaluated first

• It depends on the compiler, and we don’t need to

know it because the result is same for both the
cases.

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 Assignment Operator
int age;

age = 25;

• 25 is stored in the integer memory location

named age.

• We cannot write statements like:

25 = age;

• The left side of the “=” operator must be a single

variable.

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 Assignment Operator
a = 5.2;

b = a + 4;

• The right side is first evaluated and then the result is

stored in the variable to the left.

int weight;

weight = 25.5;

cout<<weight;

• The output will be 25 not 25.5 because weight is

declared as int type.
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 Assignment Operator
• We can write statements as below :

length = width = 5;

apples = oranges = 50;

a = b = c / 2.2;

• Remember the “=” operator is right associative

• Therefore, in the first one of the above examples 5 is

first stored in width and then the value in width is
stored in length.

• So, it is effectively

length = (width = 5); 22

 Assignment Operator
fruits = ( oranges = 10) + ( apples = 11) ;

• This will store 10 in oranges, 11 in apples, then add

the two together and store the result in fruits.

• Suppose part of a program is as below:

double length;

length = 5.5;

length = 7.0;

cout << length;

• You will get 7.0 as output.

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 Assignment Operator
a = a+2;

• This statement will first evaluate a+2 and then store

the value back into variable a (it is implied that the
variable a must have been assigned a value before
this statement)

• Instead of the above statement we can write a+=2;

this statement has the same effect.

• a *= b+5; is same as a =a * (b+5);

• length /= 5; is same as length = length /5;

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 Composite Assignment Operators

• The standard assignment operator in C++ is the equals

sign “=”

• In addition to this operator, C++ also includes the

following composite assignment operators: +=, -=, *=,
/=, and %=

• When applied to a variable on the left, each applies the

indicated arithmetic operation to it using the value of
the expression on the right.

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 Composite Assignment Operators
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{ // tests arithmetic assignment operators:

int n=22;

cout << "n = " << n << endl;

n += 9; // adds 9 to n

cout << "After n += 9, n = " << n << endl;

n -= 5; // subtracts 5 from n
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 Composite Assignment Operators
cout << "After n -= 5, n = " << n << endl;

n *= 2; // multiplies n by 2

cout << "After n *= 2, n = " << n << endl;

n /= 3; // divides n by 3

cout << "After n /= 3, n = " << n << endl;

n %= 7; // reduces n to the remainder from dividing

by 7

cout << "After n %= 7, n = " << n << endl;

}
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Composite Assignment Operators

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Library Functions

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Thank You!
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