basic concept spring

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Spring is a widely used open-source framework for building Java-based

enterprise applications.
Key Terms and concepts related to spring:
Dependency Injection (DI): Dependency Injection is a design
pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies between classes by
externalizing the creation and management of objects
(dependencies).
 Instead of an object creating its dependencies itself, it relies on
an external entity (container) to provide the required
dependencies.
 This promotes loose coupling and improves the flexibility and
testability of the code.
Inversion of Control (IoC): Inversion of Control is a principle closely
related to Dependency Injection. It refers to the reversal of the flow of
control in a program. In traditional programming, a class directly
controls the creation and management of its dependencies.
 In IoC, the control is shifted to an external entity (the IoC
container, in this case, Spring) that manages the creation and
injection of dependencies. The IoC container creates and wires
the objects together, allowing objects to focus on their main
responsibilities.
Spring Bean: In Spring, a bean is an object that is managed by the
Spring IoC container.
 Beans are Java objects that are instantiated, assembled, and
managed by the Spring framework.
 They represent the basic building blocks of a Spring application.
Beans can be defined using XML configuration or annotated with
Spring annotations.
Spring Container: The Spring Container, also known as the IoC
container, is responsible for managing the Spring beans and the
dependencies between them.
 It is the core of the Spring framework. The container reads the
bean definitions (from XML files or annotations), creates bean
instances, and manages their lifecycle.
 There are two main types of Spring containers: BeanFactory and
ApplicationContext.
 ApplicationContext is a more feature-rich container that includes
all the functionality of BeanFactory along with additional
enterprise-level features.
Spring Configuration: Spring configuration defines how beans are
created, wired, and managed.
 Configuration can be done using XML-based configuration or
Java-based configuration (using annotations or Java config
classes).
Spring annotations are like special keywords that you can use in your
Java code to tell the Spring framework how to do certain things
automatically. They make it easier to work with Spring and save you
from writing a lot of repetitive code.
Why use Spring?
 Simplifies Development: Spring provides a comprehensive and
consistent framework that simplifies the development of Java
applications.
 Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection
(DI): Promotes loose coupling and makes applications easier to
maintain and test.
 Comprehensive Ecosystem: Offers a wide range of modules and
extensions (e.g., Spring Boot, Spring Data, Spring Security) for
various application needs.
 Integration Friendly: Seamlessly integrates with other
technologies and frameworks, making it easy to leverage existing
tools and libraries.

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