Competency Based Learning Materials (CBLM)

Graphic Design

Level-3

Module: Applying Graphic Design Concepts and

Guidelines
(Code: CBLM-ICT-GD-01-L3-EN-V1)

National Skills Development Authority

Prime Minister’s Office
Government of theAuthority
National Skills Development People’s Republic of Bangladesh
(NSDA)

Prime Minister’s Office,

People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Copyright

National Skills Development Authority

Prime Minister's Office
Level: 10-11, Biniyog Bhaban,
E-6 / B, Agargaon, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.nsda.gov.bd.
National Skills Portal: http:\\skillsportal.gov.bd

Copyright of this Competency Based Learning Material (CBLM) is reserved by National Skill
Development Authority (NSDA). This CBLM may not be modified or modified by anyone or
any other party without the prior approval of NSDA.

The CBLM on “Apply graphic design concepts and guidelines” is developed based on NSDA
approved Competency Standards and Competency Based Curriculum under Graphic Design
Level-3 Occupation. It contains the information required to implement the Graphic Design
Level-3 standard.

This document has been prepared by NSDA with the help of relevant experts,
trainers/professionals.

All Government-Private-NGO training institutes in the country accredited by NSDA can use
this CBLM to implement skill-based training of Graphic Design Level-3 course.
 Approved by

---th Executive Committee (EC) Meeting of NSDA

Held on -------------------
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 Table of Contents

Copyright....................................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... iii
How to use this Competency Based Learning Materials (CBLMs) .............................................................. 1
Module Title: Applying Graphic Design Concepts and Guidelines .............................................................. 3
Learning Outcome 1: Interpret fundamentals of graphic design ................................................................. 5
Information Sheet 1.1: Fundamentals of graphic design ..................................................................................8
Learning Outcome 2: Work with image ..................................................................................................... 30
Information Sheet 2: Work with image ........................................................................................................... 32
Self Check 2.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 48
Learning Outcome 3: Identify image standards ......................................................................................... 52
Self Check 3.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 55
Learning Outcome 4: Create basic designs ................................................................................................. 57
Self Check 4.1 ................................................................................................................................................. 92
Learning Outcome 5: Identify career opportunities in the graphic design sector...................................... 96
Self Check 5.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 104
Learning Outcome 6: Interpret Online Market places ............................................................................. 106
Self Check 6.1 ............................................................................................................................................... 120

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 How to use this Competency Based Learning Materials (CBLMs)

The module, Applying Graphic Design Concepts and Guidelines contains training materials
and activities for you to complete. These activities may be completed as part of structured
classroom activities or you may be required you to work at your own pace. These activities
will ask you to complete associated learning and practice activities in order to gain
knowledge and skills you need to achieve the learning outcomes.
1. Review the Learning Activity page to understand the sequence of learning activities
you will undergo. This page will serve as your road map towards the achievement of
competence.

2. Read the Information Sheets. This will give you an understanding of the jobs or
tasks you are going to learn how to do. Once you have finished reading the
Information Sheets complete the questions in the Self-Check.

3. Self-Checks are found after each Information Sheet. Self-Checks are designed to
help you know how you are progressing. If you are unable to answer the questions
in the Self-Check you will need to re-read the relevant Information Sheet. Once
you have completed all the questions check your answers by reading the relevant
Answer Keys found at the end of this module.

4. Next move on to the Job Sheets. Job Sheets provide detailed information about how
to do the job you are being trained in. Some Job Sheets will also have a series of
Activity Sheets. These sheets have been designed to introduce you to the job step
by step. This is where you will apply the new knowledge you gained by reading the
Information Sheets. This is your opportunity to practise the job. You may need to
practise the job or activity several times before you become competent.

5. Specification sheets, specifying the details of the job to be performed will be

provided where appropriate.

6. A review of competency is provided on the last page to help remind if all the required
assessment criteria have been met. This record is for your own information and
guidance and is not an official record of competency

When working though this Module always be aware of your safety and the safety of
others in the training room. Should you require assistance or clarification please consult
your trainer or facilitator.

When you have satisfactorily completed all the Jobs and/or Activities outlined in this
module, an assessment event will be scheduled to assess if you have achieved
competency in the specified learning outcomes. You will then be ready to move onto
the next Unit of Competency or Module
2
 Module Content

Unit of Competency: Apply Graphic Design Concepts and Guidelines

Module Title: Applying Graphic Design Concepts and Guidelines

Module Description: This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
apply graphic design concepts and guidelines. It specifically includes
interpreting fundamentals of graphic design, working with image,
identifying image standards, creating basic designs, identifying career
opportunities in the graphic design sector, and interpreting online
market places.

Nominal Duration: 35 Hours

Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this module the trainees must be able to:
1. Interpret fundamentals of graphic design
2. Work with image
3. Identify image standards
4. Create basic designs
5. Identify career opportunities in the graphic design sector
6. Interpret Online Market places
Assessment Criteria:
1.1. Types of graphic design are comprehended.
1.2. Uses of graphic design are identified.
1.3. Structure of graphics are interpreted.
1.4. Software for graphic design is identified.
1.5. Basic design guidelines are Interpreted.
1.6. Design brief is interpreted.
2.1 Appropriate Image modification software is identified and opened.
2.2 Image sources are identified.
2.3 Images are successfully Imported from appropriate source.
2.4 Image separation tools are identified and applied.
2.5 Separated image is saved.
3.1 Image properties are identified.
3.2 Image resolution are identified and interpreted.
3.3 Image format are identified and selected.
4.1 Required designs are specified.
4.2 Appropriate shape and size are identified.

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 4.3 Content area is defined.
4.4 Contents are inserted and composed.
4.5 Shapes are modified as per requirements.
4.6 Typographical design is applied as per requirements.
4.7 Font attributes are applied as per requirements.
4.8 Design and color are applied as per requirements.
4.9 Design is saved in appropriate file format
5.1 Local and international graphic design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) houses
are identified.
5.2 Positions/jobs in the graphic design sector are identified.
5.3 Hands on graphics arts designer are identified.
5.4 Graphic design and DTP houses are visited on site and through the internet.
6.1 Source of carrier opportunities are identified.
6.2 Account opening procedure is interpreted.
6.3 Standard profile structure is outlined.
6.4 Bidding procedure for the jobs are interpreted.
6.5 Design submission procedure is interpreted.
6.6 Payment collection methods are identified.

Contents
This learning package includes the following:
1. Fundamentals of graphic design
2. Work with image
3. Image standards
4. Basic designs
5. Career opportunities in the graphic design sector
6. Online Market places

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 Learning Outcome 1: Interpret fundamentals of graphic design

Content:
1. Types of graphic design
1.1 Vector
1.2 Raster
1.3 Bitmap
2. Uses of graphic design
3. Structure of graphics.
3.1 Vector based
3.2 Bitmap based
4. Software for graphic design
4.1 Adobe Photoshop
4.2 Adobe illustrator
4.3 Adobe in design
4.4 Corel draw
5. Basic design guidelines.
6. Design brief

Assessment Criteria:
1. Types of graphic design are comprehended.
2. Uses of graphic design are identified.
3. Structure of graphics are interpreted.
4. Software for graphic design is identified.
5. Basic design guidelines are Interpreted.
6. Design brief is interpreted

Resources Required/ Conditions:

The trainees must be provided with the following:
• Training resources
- References
- Audio/video materials
- Modules
- Target stakeholdres
- Competency standard
• Training facilities / area
- Computer and peripherals
- Multimedia projector

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Methodologies

• Lecture/discussion
• Demonstration/application
• Presentation
• Self-pace instruction
• Blended delivery methods

Assessment Methods

• Written test
• Demonstration
• Observation with checklist
• Oral questioning
• Portfolio

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Learning Experience 1: Interpret fundamentals of graphic design

In order to achieve the objectives stated in this learning guide, you must perform the learning
steps below. Beside each step are the resources or special instructions you will use to
accomplish the corresponding activity.

Learning Steps Resources specific instructions

1. Student will ask the 1. Instructor will provide the learning materials “Applying
instructor about Develop Graphic Design Concepts and Guidelines
Competency Based
Training Curriculum.
2. Read the Information 2. Information Sheet No:1 Interpret fundamentals of graphic
sheet/s design
3. Self-Check/s
Self-Check No: 1 Interpret fundamentals of graphic design
3. Complete the Self Checks
& Check answer sheets.
Answer key No. 1 Interpret fundamentals of graphic design

4. Job- Sheet No:1- Interpret fundamentals of graphic design

4. Read the Job Sheet and

Specification Sheet and Specification Sheet1 – Interpret fundamentals of graphic
perform job design

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 Information Sheet 1: Fundamentals of graphic design

Learning Objectives:
After completion of this information sheet, the learners will be able to:
1. Comprehend types of graphic design.
2. Identify uses of graphic design.
3. Interpret structure of graphics.
4. Identify software for graphic design.
5. Interpret basic design guidelines.
6. Interpret design brief
1. Graphic design
Graphic design is a creative discipline that involves visually communicating ideas,
messages, and information using various design elements. It encompasses the art and skill
of combining typography, images, colors, shapes, and layout to create visual compositions
that are aesthetically pleasing, effective, and purposeful.
At its core, graphic design aims to solve visual communication challenges by translating
complex concepts into visual forms that can be easily understood and appreciated by the
target audience. It plays a vital role in conveying a brand's identity, establishing a visual
language, and evoking specific emotions or responses.
Graphic design is not limited to any specific medium and can be applied across various
platforms, including print, digital, web, packaging, advertising, and multimedia. It involves
understanding and utilizing design principles such as composition, balance, contrast,
hierarchy, and color theory to create impactful visuals.
Moreover, graphic design goes beyond creating visually appealing designs; it also involves
strategic thinking, research, and problem-solving. Designers need to consider the audience,
objectives, and context to effectively communicate the desired message and achieve the
intended goals.
Here are concise interpretations of key concepts in graphic design:
Composition: Composition in graphic design refers to the arrangement and organization
of visual elements within a design space. It involves the deliberate placement and
relationship between elements such as text, images, shapes, and other graphical
components. The goal of composition is to create a harmonious, balanced, and visually
pleasing design that effectively communicates the intended message.
Typography: Typography in graphic design refers to the art and technique of arranging
and styling typefaces to communicate a message effectively. It involves selecting
appropriate fonts, determining their sizes, spacing, and formatting, and integrating them
harmoniously into a design. Typography plays a crucial role in establishing the tone,
readability, and visual impact of a design.

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Color theory: Color theory in graphic design refers to the study and application of colors
to create visually harmonious and impactful designs. It involves understanding the
properties of colors, their interactions, and the psychological and emotional effects they
have on viewers. Color theory plays a crucial role in establishing visual appeal, creating a
mood or atmosphere, and effectively communicating messages.

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Color Phychology:

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Balance: Balance in graphic design refers to the distribution of visual elements within a
composition to create a sense of stability, equilibrium, and harmony. It involves arranging
elements in a way that feels visually equal and weighted, regardless of their size, shape, or
color. Balance plays a crucial role in ensuring that a design feels visually pleasing and well-
organized.

Contrast: Contrast in graphic design refers to the deliberate use of differences in various
design elements to create visual interest, emphasize important information, and establish a
clear visual hierarchy. Contrast involves juxtaposing elements that are distinct or
dissimilar, such as color, size, shape, texture, value, or typography. By leveraging contrast,
designers can make certain elements stand out, create visual impact, and enhance the
overall effectiveness of a design.

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Hierarchy: Hierarchy in graphic design refers to the organization and arrangement of
visual elements within a composition to establish a clear and structured order of
importance. It involves visually prioritizing elements based on their significance and
guiding the viewer's attention through a design. Hierarchy plays a crucial role in effectively
communicating messages, establishing visual balance, and creating a sense of order and
professionalism.

Grid system: A grid system in graphic design refers to a framework or structure that
organizes and aligns elements within a composition. It is a series of horizontal and vertical
lines that create a modular grid of intersecting rows and columns. Grid systems provide a
systematic approach to laying out and arranging content, ensuring consistency, alignment,
and visual harmony in a design.

White space: White space, also known as negative space, refers to the empty or unmarked
areas within a composition in graphic design. It is the absence of visual elements such as

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 text, images, or graphics. Despite its name, white space doesn't have to be white in color
and can be any background color or even transparent.

Visual branding: Visual branding in graphic design refers to the use of visual elements
and design principles to create a consistent and cohesive visual identity for a brand or
organization. It involves developing a set of visual assets, such as logos, color schemes,
typography, imagery, and graphic elements, that reflect the brand's values, personality, and
essence. The goal of visual branding is to create a recognizable and memorable visual
representation of the brand that resonates with the target audience.
User experience (UX) design: User Experience (UX) design in graphic design refers to
the process of creating designs that prioritize and enhance the overall user experience and
usability of a product, service, or digital interface. UX design focuses on understanding the
needs, behaviors, and preferences of users to create intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable
interactions. It goes beyond aesthetics and considers the entire user journey, from initial
discovery to final interaction.
1.1. Vector graphics
Vector graphics are a type of digital image
created using mathematical formulas and
geometric shapes. Unlike raster graphics,
which are composed of pixels, vector graphics
are resolution-independent and can be scaled
to any size without losing quality.

Here's an interpretation of vector graphics:

Scalability: One of the key advantages of vector graphics is their scalability. Since vector
images are created using mathematical equations, they can be resized without losing
sharpness or introducing pixelation. This makes them highly versatile and suitable for
various applications, from small icons to large banners or billboards.
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Precision and Clarity: Vector graphics offer precise and clean lines, shapes, and curves.
Each element in a vector image is defined by mathematical calculations, resulting in smooth
edges and defined contours. This precision allows for clear and crisp visuals, making vector
graphics ideal for logos, typography, and illustrations that require high levels of detail and
accuracy.
Editability: Another significant feature of vector graphics is their inherent editability.
Since vector images are composed of individual shapes and objects, they can be easily
modified, resized, and rearranged using vector editing software like Adobe Illustrator. This
flexibility enables designers to make adjustments and refine their designs with ease, even
after the initial creation.
File Size Efficiency: Vector graphics tend to have smaller file sizes compared to raster
graphics. Since they store information about shapes, lines, and colors rather than individual
pixels, vector files are generally more lightweight. This makes them suitable for web-based
applications, where smaller file sizes contribute to faster loading times and efficient use of
bandwidth.
Versatility: Vector graphics can be used in a wide range of applications and contexts. They
are commonly employed in logo design, iconography, typography, infographics, and
illustrations. Their scalability and flexibility allow designers to adapt vector graphics for
various mediums, including print, digital, and even large-format outputs.
Simplified Editing: Vector graphics are particularly useful when it comes to making
design modifications or customizations. Individual components of a vector image, such as
shapes, colors, and strokes, can be easily adjusted, manipulated, or replaced without
affecting the overall image quality. This makes vector graphics an efficient choice for
iterative design processes or creating variations of a design.
Resolution Independence:
Unlike raster graphics, which
have fixed resolutions, vector
graphics can be scaled up or
down without sacrificing image
quality. This inherent
resolution independence
ensures that vector graphics
maintain their clarity and
sharpness across different display sizes and resolutions.

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1.2. Raster graphics
Raster graphics, also known as bitmap graphics, are a type of digital image composed of a
grid of pixels. Each pixel contains color and brightness information, collectively forming
the overall image.

Here's an interpretation of raster graphics:

Pixel-based: Raster graphics are composed of individual pixels, with each pixel
representing a single point in the image. The combination of these pixels creates the overall
visual representation. The resolution of a raster image determines the level of detail and
sharpness, with higher resolutions having more pixels per inch and greater clarity.
Realistic Representation: Raster graphics excel at capturing intricate details and realistic
representations of complex images, such as photographs or natural scenes. The ability to
represent subtle variations in color, tone, and texture makes raster graphics suitable for
capturing the nuances and intricacies of real-world subjects.
Image Editing: Raster graphics allow for extensive editing and manipulation using
software like Adobe Photoshop. Since each pixel can be individually modified, designers
have precise control over aspects like color, contrast, brightness, and effects. This
flexibility enables retouching, photo manipulation, and creative enhancements.
Resolution Dependency: Raster graphics are resolution-dependent, meaning they have a
fixed number of pixels that determine their level of detail. Enlarging a raster image beyond
its original resolution can result in pixelation and loss of quality, as the individual pixels
become more noticeable. Therefore, it's important to work with raster graphics at their
intended resolution for optimal results.
File Size: Raster graphics tend to have larger file sizes compared to vector graphics,
especially at higher resolutions. This is because each pixel requires storage for its color
information. Consequently, larger file sizes can affect loading times, storage requirements,
and bandwidth usage, particularly in web-based applications.
Photorealistic Effects: Raster graphics are often used to create photorealistic effects, such
as shading, gradients, and texture. By manipulating individual pixels, designers can achieve

15
 lifelike representations of objects, surfaces, and lighting conditions. This makes raster
graphics suitable for various applications, including digital artwork, digital painting, and
photo-based designs.
Output Considerations: Raster graphics are typically used for output in digital and print
media. They are commonly used in photography, web design, social media graphics, digital
art, and digital publications. However, when it comes to large-format prints, raster graphics
may require higher resolutions to maintain quality, as the viewer is likely to be in closer
proximity to the printed output.
Photo-realistic Images: Due to their ability to capture fine details and subtle variations in
color, raster graphics are well-suited for representing realistic and highly detailed images,
particularly in photography and digital art.

1.3. Bitmap
A bitmap is a type of digital image format that represents graphics as a collection of
individual pixels.

Here's an interpretation of bitmaps in graphics:

Pixel-based Representation: Bitmap graphics, also known as raster graphics, store visual
information as a grid of pixels. Each pixel in the grid contains color and brightness data,
collectively forming the image. The arrangement and combination of these pixels
determine the overall appearance of the graphic.
Resolution Dependency: Bitmap graphics are resolution-dependent, meaning they have a
fixed number of pixels that determine their level of detail. The resolution of a bitmap image
is typically measured in pixels per inch (PPI) or dots per inch (DPI). Higher resolutions
result in more pixels per inch and greater detail, while lower resolutions lead to fewer pixels
and reduced clarity.
Realistic Rendering: Bitmap graphics excel at capturing complex and realistic visual
representations. Due to their pixel-based nature, they are well-suited for capturing details,
textures, and subtle variations in color. This makes bitmaps particularly useful for
representing photographs, natural scenes, and highly detailed graphics.

16
 Image Editing: Bitmap graphics offer extensive editing capabilities using software such
as Adobe Photoshop. Since each pixel can be individually manipulated, designers have
precise control over various aspects, including color adjustments, retouching, special
effects, and creative enhancements. This allows for detailed editing and manipulation of
the image.

File Size Considerations: Bitmap graphics tend to have larger file sizes compared to other
graphic formats, such as vector graphics. This is because each pixel in the image requires
storage for its color information. Consequently, larger file sizes can impact storage
requirements, loading times, and bandwidth usage, particularly when working with high-
resolution images.
Output Flexibility: Bitmap graphics can be used in a variety of digital and print
applications. They are commonly used for web graphics, digital artwork, photo editing,
digital publications, and printing. However, when it comes to resizing or enlarging bitmap
images, care must be taken to maintain image quality, as enlarging beyond the original
resolution can result in pixelation and loss of detail.

2. Uses of graphic design

Graphic design has a wide range of uses and applications across various industries and
disciplines. Here's an interpretation of the uses of graphic design:

Branding and Identity: Graphic design plays a crucial role in establishing and enhancing
the visual identity of brands and organizations. It involves creating logos, typography, color
schemes, and other visual elements that represent the brand's values, personality, and
offerings.

Advertising and Marketing: Graphic design is essential for creating visually appealing
and persuasive advertisements and marketing materials. It involves designing print and
digital ads, brochures, posters, packaging, and other promotional materials that effectively
communicate messages, capture attention, and engage target audiences.

User Interface (UI) Design: Graphic design is integral to creating intuitive and visually
appealing user interfaces for websites, applications, and software. UI design focuses on
optimizing the user experience by designing interfaces that are easy to navigate, visually
consistent, and visually pleasing.

Web Design and Digital Media: Graphic design is fundamental to web design and the
creation of digital media. It involves designing website layouts, user interfaces, icons,
banners, social media graphics, and other digital assets that enhance the online presence
and user experience.

Print Design: Graphic design has a significant role in print media, including designing
layouts for magazines, newspapers, books, brochures, business cards, posters, and other

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 printed materials. Print design aims to create visually appealing compositions that
effectively convey information and engage readers.

Packaging Design: Graphic design plays a crucial role in packaging design, as it helps
attract attention and communicate the value of a product. Effective packaging design
incorporates branding elements, graphics, typography, and imagery to create visually
appealing packaging that stands out on store shelves.

Environmental Design: Graphic design is utilized in environmental design to create

visually immersive and engaging experiences in physical spaces. It involves designing
signage, wayfinding systems, exhibitions, museum displays, retail spaces, and event
branding to enhance the atmosphere, guide visitors, and convey information.

Illustration and Artistic Expression: Graphic design includes illustration and artistic
expression, where designers create original drawings, digital illustrations, and artwork for
various purposes, such as books, magazines, advertisements, and online platforms.
Illustrations can communicate ideas, convey narratives, and evoke emotions.

Information Design: Graphic design is instrumental in information design, where

designers present complex information in a clear and visually engaging manner. This
includes creating infographics, data visualizations, charts, and diagrams that simplify
information, enhance understanding, and aid in decision-making.

Entertainment and Multimedia: Graphic design is utilized in the entertainment industry,

including the creation of movie posters, album covers, video game graphics, and
multimedia presentations. It adds visual appeal, captures attention, and conveys the essence
of the entertainment content.

3. Structure of graphics
3.1 Vector-based graphics
Vector-based graphics are a type of digital image format that represents graphics using
mathematical formulas and geometric primitives such as points, lines, curves, and
shapes. Here's an interpretation of vector-based graphics:
Mathematical Representation: Vector-based graphics are defined by mathematical
equations that describe the shapes and properties of the elements in the image. Instead
of storing pixel-based information like raster graphics, vector graphics store
mathematical instructions to recreate the image at any size or resolution.
Resolution Independence: Vector graphics are resolution-independent, meaning they
can be scaled up or down without any loss of quality. Since the image is based on
mathematical formulas, the shapes and lines remain smooth and sharp regardless of the
size. This makes vector graphics ideal for designs that need to be reproduced at various
sizes, such as logos or illustrations.

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 Scalability: Vector graphics can be easily scaled to any size, from tiny icons to large
billboards, without loss of detail or pixelation. This scalability is achieved by
recalculating the mathematical formulas to generate the image at the desired size,
ensuring consistent and crisp output.

Editability and Flexibility: Vector graphics offer extensive editability and flexibility.
Designers can easily modify and manipulate individual elements, such as adjusting the
shape, color, size, and position, without compromising the overall quality. This makes
vector graphics highly versatile and adaptable to different design requirements.

Small File Sizes: Vector graphics typically have smaller file sizes compared to raster
graphics. Since the file only contains mathematical instructions rather than storing
individual pixel information, vector files tend to be more compact. This is advantageous
for web-based applications, where smaller file sizes contribute to faster loading times
and optimized performance.

Precise and Smooth Lines: Vector graphics are known for their precise and smooth
lines, curves, and shapes. As the graphics are defined by mathematical formulas, they
can achieve precise control over the placement and curvature of lines and shapes,
resulting in clean and visually pleasing designs.

Ideal for Logos and Typography: Vector graphics are widely used for creating logos,
icons, and typography. The scalability and editability of vector graphics allow for the
creation of crisp and professional-looking logos that can be easily resized for different
applications. Similarly, vector-based typography maintains its clarity and sharpness
regardless of the size or resolution.

Print and Production: Vector graphics are commonly used in print and production
processes, including commercial printing, vinyl cutting, engraving, and laser etching.
Vector files can be easily converted to various formats and used across different
printing technologies, ensuring high-quality output with precise details.

3.2 Raster-based graphics

Raster-based graphics, also known as bitmap graphics, are digital images composed of
a grid of pixels. Each pixel contains color and brightness information, and when
combined, they form the overall image. Here's an interpretation of raster-based
graphics:

Pixel-based Representation: Raster graphics are composed of a fixed number of

pixels, each representing a tiny dot of color. The arrangement and combination of these
pixels create the visual representation of an image. The more pixels in an image, the
higher its resolution and level of detail.

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Resolution Dependency: Raster graphics are resolution-dependent, meaning they have
a fixed number of pixels that determine their level of detail. Higher resolutions result
in more pixels per inch (PPI) or dots per inch (DPI), resulting in greater detail, while
lower resolutions have fewer pixels and reduced clarity. When resizing raster graphics,
it's important to consider the original resolution to maintain image quality.

Realistic Rendering: Raster graphics excel at representing complex and realistic visual
content. The pixel-based nature of raster graphics allows for the capture of intricate
details, textures, and subtle variations in color and shading. This makes raster graphics
well-suited for representing photographs, natural scenes, and highly detailed visual
elements.

Photo Editing and Manipulation: Raster graphics offer extensive editing capabilities
using software like Adobe Photoshop. Since each pixel can be individually
manipulated, designers have precise control over various aspects, including color
adjustments, retouching, special effects, and creative enhancements. Raster graphics
are commonly used in photo editing and digital artwork.

File Size Considerations: Raster graphics typically have larger file sizes compared to
other graphic formats. This is because each pixel in the image requires storage for its
color information. Larger file sizes can impact storage requirements, loading times, and
bandwidth usage, especially when working with high-resolution images. Compression
techniques are often used to reduce file sizes while maintaining acceptable image
quality.

Output Limitations: Raster graphics have limitations when it comes to scaling and
resizing. Enlarging a raster image beyond its original resolution may result in visible
pixelation, where individual pixels become noticeable, leading to a loss of image
quality. Raster graphics are best suited for applications where the image will be viewed
at its intended size or smaller.

Versatility in Applications: Raster graphics are widely used in various applications,

including web graphics, digital artwork, photo prints, digital publications, and screen
displays. They are compatible with a wide range of software and platforms, making
them accessible and versatile for different creative and visual communication needs.

Photorealistic Effects: Raster graphics are essential for creating photorealistic visual
effects, such as textures, shadows, gradients, and complex lighting effects. The ability
to render precise pixel-based information allows for the accurate representation of
realistic and detailed visual elements.

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4. Software for graphic design
4.1 Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is a powerful and widely used software application for graphic
design, image editing, and photo manipulation.

Here's an interpretation of Adobe Photoshop:

Image Editing: Adobe Photoshop is renowned for its comprehensive image editing
capabilities. It provides a wide range of tools and features for adjusting colors, tones,
and saturation, as well as cropping, resizing, and retouching images. Designers can
enhance and modify images with precision, making Photoshop an essential tool for
professional photo editing.
Layers and Masks: Photoshop utilizes a layers-based workflow, allowing designers to
work with multiple elements and effects independently. Layers can be stacked,
rearranged, and adjusted to create complex compositions. Masks enable precise control
over areas of an image, allowing for selective editing and blending.
Graphic Design: Photoshop offers powerful tools for graphic design, allowing
designers to create and manipulate vector and raster-based graphics. It supports the
creation of logos, illustrations, typography, and other visual elements used in print and
digital design projects. Designers can combine images, text, and effects to craft visually
appealing and engaging designs.
Photo Manipulation: Photoshop is widely used for advanced photo manipulation and
compositing. Designers can remove objects, change backgrounds, merge multiple
images, and apply special effects to achieve creative and surreal results. Photoshop's
extensive tools and filters provide endless possibilities for transforming and
manipulating photographs.
Retouching and Restoration: Photoshop includes tools and features specifically
designed for retouching and restoring photographs. Designers can remove blemishes,
wrinkles, and imperfections, adjust skin tones, and enhance facial features.
Additionally, Photoshop enables the restoration of old or damaged photographs by
repairing tears, scratches, and color fading.
Content-Aware Fill: Photoshop's Content-Aware Fill feature intelligently fills in
selected areas of an image with content that matches the surrounding pixels. It is
particularly useful for removing unwanted objects or distractions from a photo
seamlessly. Content-Aware Fill saves time and effort by automatically generating
realistic replacements.

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 Filters and Effects: Photoshop offers a wide array of filters and effects that can be
applied to images to create various artistic and stylistic effects. Designers can add blur,
distortions, gradients, and lighting effects to enhance the visual impact of their designs.
Customizable adjustment layers enable precise control over color corrections and tonal
modifications.

4.2 Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is a popular software application used for creating vector-based
graphics and illustrations.

Here's an interpretation of Adobe Illustrator:

Vector Graphics: Adobe Illustrator is primarily used for creating and editing vector
graphics. Vector graphics are made up of mathematically defined geometric shapes,
allowing them to be scaled to any size without loss of quality. Illustrator provides a
wide range of tools and features for creating precise and scalable illustrations, logos,
icons, typography, and other graphic elements.
Pen Tool and Paths: The Pen tool in Illustrator is a fundamental tool used to create
and manipulate paths. Paths are the foundation of vector graphics, and they can be used
to create shapes, lines, curves, and complex forms. Illustrator offers precise control over
anchor points, curves, and handles, allowing designers to create detailed and intricate
artwork.
Shape Creation and Editing: Illustrator provides a variety of shape creation and
editing tools, such as the Rectangle, Ellipse, and Polygon tools. These tools enable
designers to quickly create basic shapes and modify them using anchor points, handles,
and path editing techniques. Shapes can be combined, subtracted, or transformed to
create complex compositions.
Typography: Adobe Illustrator offers robust typographic features, making it a popular
choice for creating and manipulating text-based designs. Designers can apply a wide
range of fonts, styles, and effects to text, as well as adjust kerning, leading, and tracking.
Illustrator allows for precise control over text placement and formatting.
Color and Gradient Tools: Illustrator provides a comprehensive set of tools for
working with colors and gradients. Designers can select and apply colors from various
color models, create custom color palettes, and use gradient tools to apply smooth
transitions between colors. Illustrator also supports global color swatches, making it
easy to update colors throughout a design.

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 Artboards and Multiple Page Layouts: Illustrator allows designers to work with
multiple artboards within a single document. Artboards function as separate
workspaces, enabling the creation of multiple designs or variations within a single file.
This is particularly useful when working on projects such as multi-page layouts,
presentations, or sets of related designs.
Integration with Adobe Creative Cloud: Like other Adobe applications, Illustrator
seamlessly integrates with Adobe Creative Cloud, enabling efficient collaboration and
smooth workflows. Designs created in Illustrator can be easily shared and transferred
to other Adobe software, such as Photoshop or InDesign, for further editing or
incorporation into larger design projects.
Export Options: Illustrator offers a variety of export options to save designs in
different formats, such as AI, EPS, PDF, SVG, and more. This flexibility allows
designers to output their work for various purposes, including print, web, mobile, and
other digital platforms.
4.3 Adobe InDesign
Adobe InDesign is a professional desktop publishing software used for creating layouts,
typesetting, and designing print and digital publications. Here's an interpretation of
Adobe InDesign:

Layout Design: Adobe InDesign is primarily used for creating layouts for print and
digital media. It provides a wide range of tools and features for arranging text, images,
graphics, and other visual elements on pages. Designers can create multiple pages or
spreads, set margins, define grid systems, and establish a consistent visual hierarchy.
Typography and Typesetting: InDesign offers advanced typographic capabilities,
making it a go-to tool for working with text-heavy designs. Designers can apply precise
control over font selection, character styles, paragraph formatting, and hyphenation.
InDesign supports advanced typesetting features like automatic text flow, linking text
frames, and controlling widows and orphans.
Master Pages and Templates: InDesign allows designers to create master pages and
templates, which serve as a foundation for consistent page layouts. Master pages
contain elements that are shared across multiple pages, such as headers, footers, and
background images. Templates provide a starting point for new projects, ensuring a
consistent design aesthetic throughout.

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 Image and Graphic Integration: InDesign seamlessly integrates with Adobe
Photoshop and Illustrator, allowing for easy importing and manipulation of images and
graphics. Designers can resize, crop, and position images within frames, apply effects
and filters, and maintain high-quality resolution for print. Vector graphics created in
Illustrator can be placed and edited directly in InDesign.
Interactive Digital Publishing: InDesign offers features for creating interactive digital
publications, such as eBooks, interactive PDFs, and digital magazines. Designers can
add interactive elements like hyperlinks, buttons, multimedia content, and animations
to enhance the reading experience and engage the audience.
Print Production and Prepress: InDesign provides tools and features for preparing
designs for print production. Designers can set up print specifications, define color
profiles, manage color separations, and create print-ready PDF files. InDesign also
supports prepress tasks, such as preflighting, packaging files, and collaborating with
printers.
Collaboration and Workflow: InDesign is designed to facilitate collaboration among
designers, writers, and editors. It allows for easy sharing of InDesign files, supports
track changes and annotations, and integrates with Adobe Creative Cloud for
streamlined workflows. InDesign enables multiple team members to work on different
parts of a project simultaneously.
Cross-Media Publishing: InDesign enables designers to repurpose their designs for
various media formats. With features like liquid layout, alternate layouts, and adaptive
design tools, designers can adapt their layouts for different devices and screen sizes,
such as tablets, smartphones, and web browsers.
4.4 CorelDRAW
CorelDRAW is a vector-based graphic design software that offers a wide range of tools
and features for creating illustrations, designs, and layouts.

Using CorelDRAW we cam perform following activities:

Vector Graphics: CorelDRAW is primarily focused on working with vector graphics,
which are based on mathematical equations to create smooth and scalable artwork.
Designers can create and manipulate shapes, curves, and lines using precise control
over anchor points, handles, and nodes. This allows for the creation of high-quality
artwork that can be scaled to any size without loss of quality.

24
 Illustration and Design: CorelDRAW provides a robust set of tools and features for
creating illustrations, logos, icons, and other visual elements. Designers can use
drawing tools to create and edit vector shapes, apply various artistic effects, and utilize
features like blending, transparency, and gradients. CorelDRAW also offers advanced
typography tools for working with text and formatting options.

Layout and Page Design: CorelDRAW includes features for layout and page design,
allowing designers to create multi-page documents such as brochures, magazines, and
flyers. It provides tools for arranging and aligning objects, managing layers, and
creating grids and guides for precise placement of elements. CorelDRAW's layout
capabilities make it suitable for both print and digital design projects.

Photo Editing: CorelDRAW integrates photo editing capabilities through its

companion software, Corel PHOTO-PAINT. Designers can seamlessly switch between
CorelDRAW and Corel PHOTO-PAINT to enhance and edit photos, apply adjustments,
retouch images, and add creative effects. This integration allows for a comprehensive
design workflow within a single software suite.

Color Management: CorelDRAW offers color management tools to ensure accurate

color representation in designs. Designers can work with various color models, create
custom color palettes, and manage color consistency across different projects.
CorelDRAW also supports spot colors and Pantone libraries for precise color matching
in print.

Print and Export Options: CorelDRAW provides extensive print and export options,
allowing designers to prepare their designs for different output formats. Designers can
create print-ready files, set up bleeds, manage color separations, and export designs in
various file formats such as PDF, EPS, and SVG. CorelDRAW also supports web
graphics optimization for online publishing.

Cross-Platform Compatibility: CorelDRAW is available for both Windows and

macOS, offering cross-platform compatibility. This allows designers to work
seamlessly on different operating systems and collaborate with team members using
different platforms.

CorelDRAW Community: CorelDRAW has a dedicated community of users who

share knowledge, resources, and tutorials. Designers can access online forums, user
groups, and learning materials to enhance their skills and stay updated with the latest
techniques and trends.

5. Basic design guidelines

Basic design guidelines involve principles and considerations that help create visually
pleasing, functional, and effective designs. Here are some concise basic design guidelines:
25
1. Simplicity: Keep designs simple and avoid unnecessary complexity to enhance clarity
and user understanding. A clean and minimalist design reduces cognitive load and
makes it easier for users to navigate and comprehend the content.
2. Consistency: Maintain consistent visual elements, such as colors, typography, and
layout, throughout the design to establish a cohesive and harmonious experience.
Consistency promotes familiarity, improves usability, and helps users develop patterns
and expectations within the design.
3. Readability: Ensure content is legible and easy to read by using appropriate fonts, font
sizes, line spacing, and contrast between text and background. Good readability
enhances user comprehension and prevents eye strain, ensuring that information can be
consumed effortlessly.

4. Hierarchy: Use visual cues like size, color, and placement to establish a clear hierarchy
of information, guiding users to the most important elements. A well-defined hierarchy
helps users quickly scan and locate key information, improving the overall user
experience.
5. Balance: Distribute visual elements evenly within the design to create a sense of
balance and visual harmony. Balanced designs appear more aesthetically pleasing and
provide a sense of stability and order.
6. Contrast: Utilize contrast between colors, shapes, sizes, and textures to make
important elements stand out and improve visual impact. Contrast helps draw attention
to specific elements, creating emphasis and enhancing visual hierarchy.
7. Alignment: Align elements to a grid or visual guides to create order and improve
readability, making it easier for users to navigate the design. Proper alignment creates
a sense of structure and organization, promoting a visually pleasing and coherent
layout.
8. White Space: Incorporate appropriate white space (empty areas) around elements to
reduce clutter, enhance focus, and improve overall aesthetics. White space helps
separate and distinguish different elements, improving readability and visual clarity.
9. Visual Feedback: Provide clear visual cues and feedback, such as hover effects or
button states, to guide users and communicate interactivity. Visual feedback enhances
user engagement, provides a sense of control, and improves the overall user experience.
10. Responsiveness: Design with responsiveness in mind to ensure the layout adapts and
functions well across different devices and screen sizes. Responsive design ensures that
users can access and interact with the design seamlessly on various devices, enhancing
accessibility and usability.

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6. Design brief
A design brief is a document that outlines the objectives, requirements, and constraints of
a design project. It serves as a guideline and reference for designers to understand the
project's scope and deliverables. Some key points need to consider for a design brief:

1. Provide a brief description of the project, including its purpose, goals, and target
audience. This section sets the context and helps designers understand the project's
objectives.
2. Clearly define the scope of the project and specify the deliverables expected from
the designer. This may include design assets like logos, website mockups,
packaging designs, or other visual materials.
3. If applicable, include existing branding guidelines or provide information about the
desired brand image and personality. This ensures that the design aligns with the
established brand identity or reflects the desired brand positioning.
4. Describe the intended audience or users of the design. Include relevant
demographics, preferences, and behaviors to guide designers in creating designs
that resonate with the target audience.
5. Identify any limitations, such as budget, timeline, technical restrictions, or legal
considerations. These constraints help designers understand the boundaries within
which they must work and make appropriate design decisions.
6. Outline specific design requirements, such as color preferences, typography
choices, imagery style, or other visual elements that should be incorporated into the
design. This section provides specific instructions to ensure the design aligns with
the desired aesthetic and communication goals.
7. Clearly state the key messages or information that the design should convey.
Specify any desired emotions, tone, or style that should be reflected in the design
to effectively communicate the intended message.
8. Provide information about the competitive landscape and examples of designs or
brands that are relevant to the project. This analysis helps designers understand the
market context and identify opportunities to create a unique and impactful design.
9. Include the project timeline with key milestones, such as design concept
presentation, feedback rounds, and final delivery dates. This ensures that both the
client and designer have a shared understanding of the project timeline and can
manage expectations accordingly.
10. Specify the communication channels and frequency of meetings or updates
throughout the project. Establishing clear lines of communication and expectations
helps facilitate effective collaboration between the client and designer.

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 Self Check Sheet 1.1

1. What do you mean by the term Graphic Design?

2. What is Typography?

3. What is white space?

4. What is vector graphics?

5. What is Raster graphics?

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 Answer Key 1.1

1. What do you mean by the term Graphic Design?

Answer: Graphic design is a creative discipline that involves visually communicating
ideas, messages, and information using various design elements. It encompasses the art
and skill of combining typography, images, colors, shapes, and layout to create visual
compositions that are aesthetically pleasing, effective, and purposeful.
2. What is Typography?
Answer: Typography in graphic design refers to the art and technique of arranging and
styling typefaces to communicate a message effectively. It involves selecting
appropriate fonts, determining their sizes, spacing, and formatting, and integrating them
harmoniously into a design.
3. What is white space?
Answer: White space, also known as negative space, refers to the empty or unmarked
areas within a composition in graphic design. It is the absence of visual elements such
as text, images, or graphics. Despite its name, white space doesn't have to be white in
color and can be any background color or even transparent.
4. What is vector graphics?
Answer: Vector graphics are a type of digital image created using mathematical
formulas and geometric shapes. Unlike raster graphics, which are composed of pixels,
vector graphics are resolution-independent and can be scaled to any size without losing
quality
5. What is Raster graphics?
Answer: Raster graphics, also known as bitmap graphics, are a type of digital image
composed of a grid of pixels. Each pixel contains color and brightness information,
collectively forming the overall image

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 Learning Outcome 2: Work with image

Content:
1. Image modification software
2. Image sources
3. Importing Images
4. Image separation tools
5. Saving procedure of separated image

Assessment Criteria:
1. Appropriate Image modification software is identified and opened.
2. Image sources are identified.
3. Images are successfully Imported from appropriate source.
4. Image separation tools are identified and applied.
5. Separated image is saved.

Resources Required/ Conditions:

The trainees must be provided with the following:
• Training resources
- References
- Audio/video materials
- Modules
- Target stakeholdres
- Competency standard
• Training facilities / area
- Computer and peripherals
- Multimedia projector
Methodologies

• Lecture/discussion
• Demonstration/application
• Presentation
• Self-pace instruction
• Blended delivery methods

Assessment Methods

• Written test
• Demonstration
• Observation with checklist
• Oral questioning
• Portfolio

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 Learning Experience 2: Work with image

In order to achieve the objectives stated in this learning guide, you must perform the learning
steps below. Beside each step are the resources or special instructions you will use to
accomplish the corresponding activity.

Learning Steps Resources specific instructions

1. Student will ask the 1. Instructor will provide the learning materials
instructor about Apply “Applying Graphic Design Concepts and Guidelines
Graphic Design
Concepts and
Guidelines.
2. Read the Information 2. Information Sheet No:2 Work with image
sheet/s
3. Self-Check/s
3. Complete the Self Self-Check No: 2 Work with image
Checks & Check answer
sheets. Answer key No. 2 Work with image

4. Job- Sheet No:2-

4. Read the Job Sheet and

Specification Sheet and Specification Sheet 2 –
perform job

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 Information Sheet 2: Work with image
Learning Objectives:
After completion of this information sheet, the learners will be able to:
1. Identify appropriate Image modification software.
2. identify Image sources.
3. Import Images successfully from appropriate source.
4. identify and apply Image separation tools.
5. Save separated image.

1. Image modification software

Adobe Photoshop: Adobe Photoshop is the industry-standard software for image
modification and graphic design. It offers a comprehensive range of tools and features,
including advanced layering, masking, retouching, and color correction. Photoshop allows
you to manipulate images with precision, create stunning visual effects, and design graphics
for both print and digital media. It is widely used by professional designers and
photographers due to its powerful capabilities and extensive support.
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program): GIMP is a free
and open-source software known for its versatility in image
modification and graphic design. It offers a wide range of tools
and filters for editing and enhancing images, including
advanced selection tools, layering, and masking. While GIMP
may have a slightly steeper learning curve compared to
Photoshop, it provides a cost-effective alternative with a strong
community support.
Affinity Photo: Affinity Photo is a
professional-grade image editing software
suitable for graphic design. It offers a wide
range of features, including advanced
selection tools, retouching capabilities, and
non-destructive editing. Affinity Photo
supports both raster and vector editing,
making it a versatile tool for image
modification and design. It provides a modern and intuitive interface and is often
considered a viable alternative to Adobe Photoshop.
Canva: Canva is an online graphic design platform that
simplifies image modification and design for users with little
to no design experience. It offers a user-friendly interface and
a vast library of templates, graphics, and fonts to create
visually appealing designs. Canva allows you to modify
images, add text, apply filters, and customize designs for
various purposes, including social media posts,
presentations, and marketing materials. While it may not

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 have the advanced capabilities of professional software, Canva is an excellent choice for
quick and easy image modifications.
2. Image sources
Scanner

A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages,
and similar sources for computer editing and display. Scanners come in hand-held, feed-in,
and flatbed types and for scanning black-and-white only, or color.

Digital Camera

A digital camera is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory. Most cameras
produced today are digital, and while there are still dedicated digital cameras, many more
cameras are now incorporated into mobile devices like smartphones, which can, among many
other purposes, use their cameras.

Internet

The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other electronic devices. With the
Internet, it's possible to access almost any information, communicate with anyone else in the
world, and do much more.

Image sources is an essential aspect of graphic design as it helps designers understand the origin, rights, and
permissible usage of images. Here are a few common types of image sources and their implications:

Stock Photos: Stock photo websites provide a vast collection of licensed images that designers can use for their
projects. These images are typically created by professional photographers or artists and are available for purchase
or under specific usage licenses. When using stock photos, it is crucial to review the license terms and comply
with any restrictions on usage, such as attribution requirements or limitations on commercial use.

Creative Commons: Creative Commons licenses offer a flexible way for artists and creators to share their work
while specifying the permissions and restrictions. These licenses vary and can range from allowing unrestricted
use (including commercial use) to requiring attribution or prohibiting modifications. Designers must carefully
review the specific Creative Commons license associated with an image and adhere to its terms.

Public Domain: Public domain images are not protected by copyright, either due to their age or because the
creator has explicitly dedicated them to the public domain. These images can be freely used, modified, and
distributed without permission or attribution. However, it's important to verify the public domain status, especially
for older works, as there may be some exceptions or regional variations.

Client-Supplied Images: In some cases, clients may provide their own images for use in graphic design projects.
It is important to obtain clarity from the client about the source and rights of these images. If the client does not
have the necessary permissions or licenses for the images, it is the designer's responsibility to guide the client
towards legally sourced alternatives or obtain appropriate rights.

Self-Created Images: Designers often create their own images through photography, illustration, or other artistic
means. When using self-created images, designers have full control over the rights and usage permissions.
However, it's worth noting that certain recognizable elements within the images, such as trademarks or
copyrighted artwork, may still have separate restrictions on their usage.

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3. Importing Images
Interpreting image importing refers to the process of bringing images into a graphic design software or
project for use. Here's an explanation of image importing in graphic design:
File Formats: Images can be imported into graphic design software in various file formats, such as JPEG,
PNG, GIF, TIFF, or SVG. Each file format has its own characteristics and best uses. For example, JPEG is
commonly used for photographs due to its efficient compression, while PNG is suitable for images with
transparency. Understanding the strengths and limitations of different file formats helps designers choose the
appropriate format for their specific needs.
Resolution and Size: The resolution and size of an imported image are important considerations. Resolution
refers to the number of pixels per inch (PPI) and affects the image's quality and sharpness. Higher-resolution
images are typically needed for print projects, while lower-resolution images are acceptable for web or digital
use. The size of an image determines its dimensions in pixels or physical measurements. Designers must
ensure that the imported image's resolution and size are appropriate for the intended output and won't result
in pixelation or loss of quality.
Color Mode: Images can be imported in different color modes, such as RGB (Red, Green, Blue) or CMYK
(Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black). RGB is commonly used for digital design, while CMYK is used for print
projects. Designers should import images in the appropriate color mode to maintain color accuracy and
consistency across their designs.
Transparency: Images with transparency allow for blending or overlaying with other elements without fully
obscuring them. Importing images with transparency is particularly useful when creating layered designs or
incorporating them into complex compositions. Formats such as PNG and SVG support transparency, while
formats like JPEG do not.
Copyright and Permissions: When importing images into a graphic design project, it is crucial to consider
copyright and permissions. Ensure that you have the necessary rights or licenses to use the images in your
design, especially when working with images sourced from third parties. Using copyrighted images without
proper authorization can lead to legal issues. Alternatively, using royalty-free or properly licensed images
ensures compliance with copyright laws.

4. Image separation tools

The Marquee Tool

The Rectangular and Elliptical Marquee Tools in Photoshop are used to create basic selections
in rectangular or circular shapes. These tools can be used to crop layers by applying the
selection onto a layer mask, to add selection adjustments, align layers, and more.

The Marquees Tool is a group of tools found in the Toolbar in Photoshop. The group contains
the Rectangular Marquee Tool, the Elliptical Marquee Tool, and the Single Row and Single
Column Marquees.

34
All the Marquee Tools create a selection based on a particular shape, as the name suggests. The
single column and single row marquees make either a row or column selection one pixel wide.

The Marquee Tools all provide similar functions, and you can use these tools for various
helpful functions, such as:

1. Make a quick selection using one of the available shapes.

2. Quickly crop an image into a circle for a website “About us page.”

3. Create a quick selection of an object or area to add a fill or adjustment layer to an isolated
area.

35
4. Cut and move objects within an image.

5. You can also create straight lines that are one pixel wide or high across the page and increase
the width, if necessary.

6. Cut and paste sections of a photo onto a new layer.

36
Object Selection Tool Steps

Open your photo in Photoshop and select the Object Selection tool in the toolbar on the left (in
the same menu as Quick Selection Tool).

Now, hover your cursor over your subject and wait for it to turn blue. (Move your cursor in
tiny circles if it doesn’t immediately turn blue.)

In an instant, your subject is ready to be selected.

37
Remove a background in Photoshop using the new Object Selection tool

To erase background material from here, press the shift key while selecting all objects you’d
like to keep in the photo. This shortcut will auto-select each object for you (showing you the
marching ants around each entity).

Next, go to Select > Inverse to invert the selection (meaning that your background is now
selected instead of your objects).

Remove a background in Photoshop: Object Selection tool selection

Depending on what you want the background to be (in my case, I want it to be transparent),
you’ll likely need to unlock your image, so it’s no longer considered a background.

Next, click the lock on the right side of your image’s layer to unlock it. The layer name will
change to “Layer 0” if you have no other layers. To remove the background, click the Eraser
Tool (making sure your brush is large) and start erasing the background.

38
Remove a background in Photoshop: Object Selection tool eraser

You don’t have to worry about Photoshop losing the selections. If you ever need to reselect
your objects, select the Object Selection tool and hover over your objects again.

Remove Background in Photoshop with Quick Action

In Photoshop Quick Action for removing backgrounds. It was introduced in Photoshop 2021
(in the Creative Cloud subscription) and provides an Adobe background remover that’s
effective and easy to use.

With speed, however, comes less accuracy. Using Photoshop Quick Action will do most of the
work for you, but the results may fall short of your expectations, depending on your image. If
that’s the case, you can use any methods described here to polish up the result.

Quick Action Steps

1. With your image open in Photoshop, right click your Background layer and click Duplicate
Layer. In the dialog box that pops up, name your layer (calling it whatever you like) and
click OK. Click the eye icon to the left of the original layer to turn that layer off.
2. Make sure your Properties panel is open by going to Window > Properties. (If it was already
checked, there’s no need to click it; if it isn’t checked, click it to open it up on the right-hand
side by default.)
3. In your Layers panel, click your new layer. In the Properties panel (by default this should
be above your Layers panel), click the Remove Background button under Quick Action.

39
4. The quick action has now removed the background, leaving your layer with a mask around
the subject.

From here, you can make refinements by going into the mask and adjusting as needed (such as
around the dog’s feet at the bottom left of the image). While outside the scope of this article, if
you need help with working with masks

Remove a Background in Photoshop with the Pen Tool

The Pen tool is one of the most tried and true ways to remove backgrounds from images in
Photoshop. It gives you the most control over the outcome. However, because it gives you the
most control, it can also be the most time-consuming. The Pen tool requires patience.

Pen Tool Steps

1. With your image open in Photoshop, right click your Background layer and click Duplicate
Layer. In the dialog box that pops up, name your layer (whatever you’d like), and click OK.
Click the eye icon to the left of the original layer to turn that layer off.
2. Select the Pen tool from the toolbox on the left-hand side (above the Text tool). Zoom in to
an area of your image to start. Start at the edge of your subject (or a suitable starting point)
and click to start the first anchor. Then start working your way around your subject, adding
additional anchors to start outlining your subject.
If you need to make a curved line, click-hold-drag to produce a curved line, moving the
mouse to adjust the curve as needed.

To adjust an anchor point or directional lines for fine tuning, use the Direct Selection tool
(hidden under the Path Selection tool) in the toolbox.

To undo an anchor, go to File > Undo or use your keyboard shortcut (Command + Z for macOS,
Control + Z for Windows).

40
3. Make sure you complete the path once you’re done by meeting up with your first point.
Once you’ve completed the path and you’re happy with the results, you’ll want to save the
path. Go to Window > Paths to reveal the Paths panel (it should appear on the right-hand
side by default). Click the three bar menu at the right and click New Path, and name your
path. Now your path is saved in the Paths panel.

41
4. Next, right click your new path in the Paths panel and select Make Selection, then click OK
in the dialog box (leave all defaults for now). This will give you the marching ants outline
where your path was.

5. Since we don’t want to delete what’s inside the selection, we’ll want to change the selection
to be everything except the subject. Go to Select > Inverse. You’ll see the marching ants are
now around the entire image and the subject, essentially selecting the background.
6. To delete the background, press Delete. You should now see the white/gray checkered
background instead of your previous background.

42
Magnetic Lasso Tool Steps

1. With your image open in Photoshop, right click your Background layer and click
Duplicate Layer. In the dialog box that pops up, name your layer (whatever you’d like),
and click OK. Click the eye icon to the left of the original layer to turn that layer off.
2. Select the Magic Lasso tool from the toolbox on the left. Start drawing along the edge of
your subject with the tool. You’ll see it will start drawing the path for you as you move
your cursor. Patience is key here, as you’ll want to be slow, steady, and deliberate with
your moves.

3. Once you’ve started the tool, you’ll need to go around your subject completely and connect
to your starting point. Once you’ve made it back around to the beginning, click the starting
point. The selection will then turn into marching ants around your selection.

4. Save your selection by going to Selection > Save Selection and giving it a name.

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5. To delete the background, go to Select > Inverse to invert the marching ants (they should
now be running around the edge of the image and your subject). Click delete. You should
now see the white/gray checkered background instead of your previous background.

Quick Selection Tool Steps

1. Steps: Removing a Background Image with the Quick Selection Tool
2. Duplicate the image layer
With your image open in Photoshop, right-click your Background layer and click Duplicate
Layer. In the dialog box that pops up, name your layer (whatever you’d like), and click OK.
Click the eye icon to the left of the original layer to turn that layer off.
3. Select the Quick Selection tool
Select the Quick Selection tool from the toolbox on the left (may be hidden under the Object
Selection tool).
4. Paint the subject of the image
Using the tool, start painting your subject. You’ll see the marching ants start appearing
while you paint. To adjust your tool size, use the [ or ] keys to decrease or increase the size.

5. Clean up the selection path

If you find you’ve painted outside of the subject, click and hold the Option key (macOS) or Alt
key (Windows) and you’ll see the center of the tool turn from a + symbol to a - symbol,
indicating it will now take away from the selection. Paint on the part of the selection you want
to remove while holding the Option/Alt key.

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6. Save your selection

Save the selection by going to Select > Save Selection and giving it a name. This is in case you
want to come back and make adjustments.

7. Delete the background

To delete the background, go to Select > Inverse to invert the marching ants (they should now
be running around the edge of the image and your subject). Click delete.

5. Saving procedure
The fastest way to save an image is to head to File > Save. This menu path automatically
saves the file in its current format. If the file hasn’t been saved before, this action opens
the Save As window. Don’t worry about the differences between the save options, such
as Save As and Save a Copy, as we will go over the differences further down.

45
You will find a few options when the Save As window opens.

In this window, you can click the drop-down arrow next to Format to select the file format in which
you’d like to save the image.

There are many different options, but no need to get overwhelmed. It helps to know which file format
would be best for your situation. Here is a quick list of the most commonly used file formats and what
they’re best used for.
Photoshop (PSD) is Photoshop’s own file format and will keep the layers in your project. And is the best
file format if you’re planning on reopening your file in Photoshop and continuing to work on it. PSD
files save up to 2GB of data.
Large Document Format (PSB) is identical to the PSD file format, except that it saves projects that are
more than 2GB.
JPEG is the best file format for use online, though it will flatten any layers, so it might be best to utilize
the Save as Copy option if you’re converting into a Jpeg so that you still maintain a copy of your image
with layers.
PNG is the best file format for use online if you’re trying to keep any transparent areas of your image,
like a deleted background. This format will not retain layers.

46
TIFF is another file format that will retain the layers in your project. It is also a suitable file format to
use for commercial printing.
Once you’ve selected the file format you’d like to use, you can name your file and select a destination
folder where you’d like the file to live once saved.

Click Save when you’re done.

47
 Self Check 2.1
Answer the following questions:

1. What is Canva?

2. What is scanner?

3. Write down the name of some image modification software.

4. Write down the name of some image source.

5. Write down the name of an image separation tools

48
 Answer Sheet 2.1
1. What is canva?
Answer: Canva: Canva is an online graphic design platform that simplifies image
modification and design for users with little to no design experience. It offers a user-
friendly interface and a vast library of templates, graphics, and fonts to create visually
appealing designs.

2. What is scanner?
Answer: A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters,
magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display. Scanners come in
hand-held, feed-in, and flatbed types and for scanning black-and-white only, or color.

3. Write down the name of some image modification software.

Answer:
i Adobe Photoshop
ii GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
iii Affinity Photo
iv Canva
1. Write down the name of some image source.
Answer:
i Scanner
ii Digital Camera
iii Internet
iv Stock Photos:
v Public Domain
vi Self-Created Images
2. Write down the name of an image separation tools

Answer: Pen tool

49
 Job Sheet 2.1
Job Name: Separate Images from background using pen tools.
Working Procedure/ Steps:

1. Maintain OSH and PPE.

2. Read specification sheet collect tools and equipment.
3. Interpret the image to determine which software require for this job
4. Create a folder on your own name.
5. Remove background from the image as per sample.
6. Save the file as your own name.

50
 Specification Sheet 2.1

Name of the job: Separate Images from background using pen tool.
Condition for the job:
1. Use the pen tool.
2. Select Color mode RGB.
3. Save the image in png and psd file.
4. Turn off Computer
To complete the above task you will need to following equipment per Trainee.

Required Tools and equipment

S/N Name of item Specification Unit Quantity

Personal Computer Latest Nos

01 1
Configuration

02 Keyboard and Mouse Standard Nos 1

03 Monitor Standard Nos 1

04 Adobe Photoshop Latest version Nos 1

Raw Materials

• N/A
Required PPE

• Ergonomic chair
• Eye protective glass
• Rubber shoe

51
 Learning Outcome 3: Identify image standards

Content:
1. Image properties.
2. Image resolution.
3. Image format.

Assessment Criteria:
1. Image properties are identified.
2. Image resolution are identified and interpreted.
3. Image format are identified and selected.

Resources Required/ Conditions:

The trainees must be provided with the following:
• Training resources
- References
- Audio/video materials
- Modules
- Target stakeholdres
- Competency standard
• Training facilities / area
- Computer and peripherals
- Multimedia projector

Methodologies

• Lecture/discussion
• Demonstration/application
• Presentation
• Self-pace instruction
• Blended delivery methods

Assessment Methods
• Written test
• Demonstration
• Observation with checklist
• Oral questioning
• Portfolio

52
 Information Sheet 3
Learning Objectives
After completion of this information sheet, the learners will be able to:
1. Identify Image properties.
2. Interpret Image resolution.
3. Identify Image format

1. Image properties
Image properties in the context of digital images refer to the characteristics and attributes
that define an image's visual appearance, technical specifications, and behavior. Here's an
interpretation of some common image properties:
Dimensions: Dimensions represent the width and height of an image, usually measured in
pixels. The dimensions determine the physical size of the image when displayed or printed.
For example, an image with dimensions of 1920x1080 pixels would have a width of 1920
pixels and a height of 1080 pixels.

Pixel: Pixel refers to a single point of color information within an image. The term "pixel"
is derived from "picture element." Each pixel represents the smallest unit of a digital image
and is typically represented as a square or a tiny dot on the screen.
Resolution: Resolution refers to the level of detail and clarity in an image, expressed as
the number of pixels per unit of measurement. It is typically measured in pixels per inch
(PPI) or dots per inch (DPI). Higher resolution images have more pixels, resulting in finer
detail, while lower resolution images have fewer pixels and may appear pixelated or less
sharp.
File Format: File format determines how image data is stored and encoded. Different file
formats have distinct features, compression methods, and compatibility. Common image
file formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, and TIFF. Each format has specific strengths and
limitations, such as support for transparency, animation, or lossless compression.
Bit Depth: Bit depth represents the number of bits used to represent the color of each pixel
in an image. It determines the number of colors or shades of gray that can be displayed.
Higher bit depth allows for more color variation and smoother gradients. Common bit
depths include 8-bit (256 colors or shades) and 24-bit (16.7 million colors).
Compression: Compression is the process of reducing the file size of an image by
removing redundant or unnecessary data. It can be lossless or lossy. Lossless compression
reduces file size without sacrificing image quality, while lossy compression achieves higher
levels of compression but may result in a slight loss of quality. Compression is commonly
used to optimize image file sizes for web delivery or storage.
2. Image resolution (pic/high/low)
Image resolution refers to the level of detail or clarity in a digital image. It is typically
expressed as the number of pixels contained in an image, usually given as width x height.
A higher resolution means a greater number of pixels and therefore more detail in the
image. Resolution can be measured in different units such as pixels per inch (PPI) or dots
per inch (DPI), which determine the density of pixels in a physical print. Higher resolution

53
 images are generally clearer and sharper, while lower resolution images appear more
pixelated or blocky.
3. Image format
Image format refers to the specific file type or structure used to store and encode digital
images. Different image formats have distinct characteristics, such as compression
methods, color depth, transparency support, and compatibility with various devices and
software.
Here are some commonly used image formats:
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): JPEG is a widely used format for photographs
and complex images. It uses lossy compression, meaning some image quality is sacrificed
to reduce file size. JPEG files are suitable for web display and sharing due to their relatively
small size.
PNG (Portable Network Graphics): PNG is a popular format for images that require
transparency support, such as logos and icons. It uses lossless compression, which means
it retains all image data without sacrificing quality. PNG files tend to have larger file sizes
compared to JPEG.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format): GIF is primarily used for animated images and
graphics with limited color palettes. It supports transparency and animation, but its color
depth is limited to 8 bits per pixel. GIF files have small file sizes, making them suitable for
web animations.
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): TIFF is a versatile format that supports lossless
compression and can store high-quality images with multiple layers, transparency, and
different color spaces. It is commonly used in professional photography and printing, but
its file sizes tend to be larger.
BMP (Bitmap): BMP is a basic and uncompressed image format used in Windows
environments. It supports various color depths but results in large file sizes. BMP files are
not commonly used for web or sharing purposes due to their file size.
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics): SVG is a vector-based image format that uses XML to
describe graphics. It is resolution-independent and can be scaled without losing quality.
SVG is commonly used for logos, icons, and illustrations on the web.

54
 Self Check 3.1
Answer the following questions:

1. What are image properties?

Answer: Image properties in the context of digital images refer to the
characteristics and attributes that define an image's visual appearance,
technical specifications, and behavior.
2. What is Resolution?
Answer: Resolution refers to the level of detail and clarity in an image,
expressed as the number of pixels per unit of measurement. It is typically
measured in pixels per inch (PPI) or dots per inch (DPI). Higher resolution
images have more pixels, resulting in finer detail, while lower resolution
images have fewer pixels and may appear pixelated or less sharp.
3. What is File Format?
Answer: File format determines how image data is stored and encoded. Different file
formats have distinct features, compression methods, and compatibility. Common image
file formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, and TIFF. Each format has specific strengths and
limitations, such as support for transparency, animation, or lossless compression
4. What is JPEG?
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): JPEG is a widely used format for
photographs and complex images. It uses lossy compression, meaning some
image quality is sacrificed to reduce file size. JPEG files are suitable for web
display and sharing due to their relatively small size

55
 Answer Sheet 3.1
1. What are image properties?
Answer: Image properties in the context of digital images refer to the
characteristics and attributes that define an image's visual appearance,
technical specifications, and behavior.
2. What is Resolution?
Answer: Resolution refers to the level of detail and clarity in an image,
expressed as the number of pixels per unit of measurement. It is typically
measured in pixels per inch (PPI) or dots per inch (DPI). Higher resolution
images have more pixels, resulting in finer detail, while lower resolution
images have fewer pixels and may appear pixelated or less sharp.
3. What is File Format?
Answer: File format determines how image data is stored and encoded. Different file
formats have distinct features, compression methods, and compatibility. Common image
file formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, and TIFF. Each format has specific strengths and
limitations, such as support for transparency, animation, or lossless compression
4. What is JPEG?
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): JPEG is a widely used format for
photographs and complex images. It uses lossy compression, meaning some
image quality is sacrificed to reduce file size. JPEG files are suitable for web
display and sharing due to their relatively small size

56
 Learning Outcome 4: Create basic designs

Content:
1. Design requirements.
2. Appropriate shape and size.
3. Content area.
4. Content
a. Text
b. Image
c. Vector
d. Logo
5. Modifying Shapes
a. Squire
b. Rectangle
c. Ellipses
d. Polygon
6. Typographical design.
7. Font attributes.
8. Appropriate file format
9. Saving Design
Assessment Criteria:
1. Required designs are specified.
2. Appropriate shape and size are identified.
3. Content area is defined.
4. Contents are inserted and composed.
5. Shapes are modified as per requirements.
6. Typographical design is applied as per requirements.
7. Font attributes are applied as per requirements.
8. Design and color are applied as per requirements.
9. Design is saved in appropriate file format.

Resources Required/ Conditions:

The trainees must be provided with the following:
• Training resources
- References
- Audio/video materials
- Modules
- Target stakeholdres
- Competency standard
• Training facilities / area
- Computer and peripherals
- Multimedia projector
Methodologies

57
 • Lecture/discussion
• Demonstration/application
• Presentation
• Self-pace instruction
• Blended delivery methods

Assessment Methods

• Written test
• Demonstration
• Observation with checklist
• Oral questioning
• Portfolio

58
 Information Sheet 4
Learning Objectives

After completion of this information sheet, the learners will be able to:

1. Specify design requirement.

2. Identify appropriate shape and size
3. defineContent area.
4. insert and compose contents
5. Modify shapesas per requirements.
6. Apply typographical design.
7. Apply font attributes.
8. Apply Design and color.
9. save design in appropriate file format.
1. Required Design:
Element of Design
These basic components are essential in art and design and how you can visually construct
pieces. Each element of design is a crucial part of a visual message, and the combination
of these has an impact on how the design is perceived. You can use these design elements
alone or in combination with each other, depending on what you're looking to achieve.

59
Lines are the most basic elements of design. They come in all shapes, sizes, and colors.
Once you start noticing them, you’ll see grids all around you. Lines have direction; they
can be visible or invisible and can help direct the eye to a specific spot. The thickness of a
line can also communicate certain cues. Bold and thick lines can draw attention, while thin
lines are the opposite.
Most if not all layouts contain invisible lines. Grids are made of multiple lines and lend
structure to a page. Lines can be used to create demarcation on a specific section of a design.
Depending on the form of the line, you can convey different moods. A simple line can carry
so much—for instance, a squiggly line is perceived as young and fun compared to a straight
line.
Lines don't necessarily have to be solid. Dashed and dotted lines can also be used and have
a friendlier feel than a solid line. Straight lines usually come across as a steady and static
element. On the other hand, curved lines are dynamic and give energy to your design.

Shape
A shape in the elements of design is
the result of enclosed lines to form a
boundary. Shapes are two-
dimensional and can be described as
geometric, organic, and abstract.
Geometric shapes have structure and
are often mathematical and precise
(squares, circles, triangles). You’ll
notice that the Swiss graphic design
movement from the 1950s used mostly
geometric shapes in their designs. Shapes can add emphasis to a layout.
Organic shapes lack well-defined edges and often feel natural and smooth. Shapes add
emphasis to a layout.
Abstract shapes are a minimalist representation of reality. For instance, a stick figure of a
person is an abstract shape. Logos are mostly represented by abstract figures to show the
type of business. The icon pack below is a great example of abstract shapes conveying real-
life objects and situations.

60
Depending on the color, form, and size of shapes, we can determine particular moods and
send messages. For instance, triangles direct the eyes to a specific point and can also
represent stability.
We are surrounded by shapes that we may not think about much; we usually think of shapes
as the main geometric structures. For designers, shape is one of the most important elements
when it comes to branding development. These figures are at the root of logos and
illustrations.
Form (Positive Space)
On a page, form is the positive element
over the space, the negative element. A
dot, line, or shape is a form when placed
on a page. Unfortunately, form and
shape are mostly used interchangeably.
A form can be either two-dimensional
or three-dimensional. Many also
believe that form is a shape that
acquires three-dimensional values, but
the correct term is volume.
Form and shape are mutually dependent
because changing one would affect the
other. The spatial relationship between form and space can create tension and add 3D
qualities to your design. Form and space will lend the design lots of visual activity that can
help keep viewers engaged. To create a 3D effect in your design, you can add shadows,
stack multiple elements, or play with color.

61
Space (Negative Space)
Space is the area that surrounds a shape; it
creates a form within the space. Think of it as
music: space is the silence between the notes of
a song. If all the notes were played together, that
would turn into noise.
If you look at a design piece, the negative space
is the area that is not occupied by any elements.
In essence, it is the background color that you
are able to see. For instance, abundant negative
space in a layout results in an open, airy, and light background. The lack of negative space
can result in a cluttered design. Visually speaking, a layout needs space to achieve a level
of clarity within the design. Negative space is a very important element to consider as you
are designing a piece.
Color
We can apply color to any of the elements we mentioned before this point. Colors create
moods and can say something
different depending on the
connotations of your chosen color
scheme. Color can create an emphasis
on specific areas of your design
layout.
This element contains multiple
characteristics:
Hue is the name of a color in its purest
form. For instance, cyan, magenta,
and green are pure colors.
Shade is the addition of black to a hue in order to make a darker version.
Tint is the addition of white to a color to make a lighter version.
Tone is the addition of grey to make a color muted.
Saturation refers to the purity of a color. A specific color is most intense when it is not
mixed with white or black.
In design, there are two color systems, RGB and CMYK. RGB is a system dedicated to
digital design. This additive system stands for red, green, and blue. The colors are produced
by adding primary colors together to create various combinations. This mode should be
used for designs that will only be used on a screen.
If you want to output your design as a printed piece, you need to use the CMYK system.
This subtractive system stands for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (key). CMYK reduces
the light that would be reflected on a white background to create color. It is extremely
important to start a file using the right color system. Converting colors between the systems
can result in muted and inaccurate colors.

62
Value
Value refers to the degree of lightness
and darkness of a specific hue. Yellow
has a higher value than purple because
it is closer to white. Value changes
create contrast on a page. The reason
you can read this text is that the black
content contrasts with the white
background.
In design, use different tonal values to
create emphasis in your design. Create
the illusion of movement by
overlapping multiple elements with different values. Value is also important in
photography. You’ll notice that high-value images have a light and airy feel to them, while
dark value images feel heavy and dramatic.
Value also defines the spatial relationship between elements. If color values are close
between the elements and space, then the design will look flat. If there is a strong contrast
between the elements, then the form will be extremely noticeable. The example below
features multiple colors with multiple values, which helps add a sense of depth to the
design.
Texture
Texture adds a tactile appearance to
a design layout. Imagine how a
design piece would feel if you
touched it. The goal of texture is to
add depth to a 2D surface. Texture
can be applied graphically through
patterns, either digitally created or
an image mimicking the desired
pattern. Below is an example of an
abstract geometric pattern made up
of basic geometric elements.

63
2. Appropriate shape and size
Shapes refer to predefined geometric objects that can be added to your images or designs.
They are created using the Shape tools available in the Tools panel. The Shape tools allow
you to draw basic shapes such as rectangles, ellipses, polygons, lines, and custom shapes.

Geometric shapes
Geometric shapes refer to predefined basic shapes that have distinct geometric characteristics,
such as squares, rectangles, circles, ellipses, polygons, and lines. These shapes are created using
the shape tools available in the tools panel.

Organic shapes
Organic shapes refer to irregular, freeform, or naturally occurring shapes that do not have
distinct geometric characteristics like squares or circles. Organic shapes are often inspired by
elements found in nature, such as plants, animals, or fluid forms. These shapes can add a sense
of dynamism, flow, and a more natural feel to your designs.

Adobe Illustrator is an industry-leading tool to create vector graphics. And it all starts with the
most basic shapes. The skills to create those geometric shapes Illustrator offers are essential
because many complex shapes are built by the basic shapes. In the tutorial below, we will
explore shape tools and beyond to ease us in vector illustration. We will start with a single
shape and build our way up.

Adobe Illustrator offers options to make basic geometric shapes under the Shape Group or
Shape Tool. The Rectangle Tool is located in the tools panel as default. You can click the
rectangle icon to draw rectangles and squares. When you click and hold (long click) the
rectangle icon, you will see a pop-up menu that shows you a list of built-in shapes and their
associated keyboard shortcuts. Once you select, the icon will remain the last used tool within
the Shape Tool group.

64
3. Content area
The term "content area" refers to the workspace or canvas where you create and manipulate
your artwork. It is the main area where you can draw, design, and arrange your graphical
elements. The content area in Illustrator is a rectangular space that represents the size and
dimensions of your document.
When you open Adobe Illustrator, the content area is the white or transparent area in the
center of the application window. It is within this space that you can create and edit vector
graphics, illustrations, logos, icons, and other visual elements. You can use various tools,
such as the Pen Tool, Shape Tools, and Brush Tools, to draw and modify objects within the
content area.
4. Content
a. Text as a content
Entering text this way is useful for adding a few words to your artwork.

• Select the Type tool or the Vertical Type tool.

• The pointer changes to an I-beam within a dotted box. The small horizontal line near
the bottom of the I-beam marks the position of the baseline, on which the text rests.
• (Optional) Set text-formatting options in the Control panel, Character panel, or
Paragraph panel.
• Click where you want the line of text to begin.
• Enter the text. Press Enter or Return to begin a new line of text within the same type
object.
• When you finish entering text, click the Selection tool to select the type object.
Alternatively, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) the text.

65
Enter text in an area:

Define the bounding area:

• Select the Type tool or the Vertical Type tool and drag diagonally to define a rectangular
bounding area.
• Draw the object you want to use as the bounding area. (It doesn’t matter if the object has stroke or fill
attributes, because Illustrator automatically removes them.) Then select the Type tool , the Vertical
Type tool the Area Type tool or the Vertical Area Type tool and click anywhere on the
object’s path.
• (Optional) Set text-formatting options in the Control panel, Character panel, or Paragraph panel.
• Enter the text. Press Enter or Return to begin a new paragraph.
• When you finish entering text, click the Selection tool to select the type object. Alternatively,
Ctrl‑click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) the text.
If you enter more text than can fit within an area, a small box
containing a plus symbol (+) appears near the bottom of the
bounding area.

You can resize the text area or extend the path to display the
overflow text. You can also thread the text into another object.

Import text into a path/shape

Place text from a supported file right inside an object, such as a

shape. You can place text from files in the .txt or .rtf formats, or
files from word-processing applications. For example, you can
place text from a .rtf file into a polygonal shape.

66
• Create a path/shape using any drawing tool, such as the Rectangle tool, Shaper tool, or the Pen tool.
You'll place the text file within this shape.
• Choose File > Place and select the text file you want to place.
• Click Place.
• After the text file is loaded in the place gun, click the path of the shape.
• The text is placed inside the shape. You can now apply the desired styles and effects to it.

67
b. Image as a Content

Insert Image in Illustrator

Step 1: Open an Existing or new Adobe Illustrator File. If you have already created a file,
you need to add an image to that; then, after opening the saved document, you can proceed
ahead with a new image into the document. Else, if you want to try creating a new
document and try seeing how adding an image works in Illustrator, then accordingly, you
can go for the Illustrator icon on the desktop or open Illustrator directly from the search
menu and launch the program.

Step 2: If you already have a saved file, you can access it from the File menu. Using the
file menu, select Open and pick the file saved on your hard drive. The shortcut for the
same is Ctrl+O. If the file is recently opened, you can access it from opening a recent file
option as well.

68
Step 3: Once the document is open, from the file menu, go to the Place option. This shortcut
for the place is Shift + Ctrl + P.

Step 4: This opens up a dialog box from where you can choose the image you wish to add to
your document. Choose the correct one, and you will have the option to place it anywhere on
the document with the help of your mouse cursor. Drag the mouse cursor as per your
preference, and the image will be proportionally placed on the path of the mouse cursor.

69
Step 5: Once the image is placed, you can further resize or re-position the image. For that, use
the anchor points on the bounding box of the image. Drag on it as you want to resize the image.
It is always better to hold the shift key while dragging to get an even result while resizing the
image.

In order to move the image, you can either drag the photo using the mouse cursor or use the
keyboard navigation keys. While using the keyboard arrow keys, if you combine the shift key,
it will move a longer distance than using the normal arrow key.

Step 6: If you want to crop the image, simply click on the image and go to the crop image
option on top of the document. After that, using the mouse, crop the image as you need. Once
the cropping is exactly as per your need, press Enter to confirm.

70
Step 7: For transforming the image for applying various options like move, rotate, reflect, scale,
shear, etc., use the transformation tool. For opening the transformation tool, right-click on the
image and select transform. Next, hoover to the corresponding options panel as shown in the
below image. The panel contains all the above options, from rotating to scale.

71
5. Modifying Shapes
Use of Rectangle Tool

1. Select the Rectangle Tool. Or press L on your keyboard

2. Click and drag on the artboard to define the shape
3. Release the mouse button to finalize the rectangle
Make a perfect square

If you think about it, a perfect square is just a unique rectangle, where all sides are at the
same length.
With the Rectangle Tool Selected
You can create a perfect square by holding the Shift key while dragging

apply a fill color and a stroke color

Shapes in Adobe Illustrator have at least two properties: stroke and fill.

72
Use the Selection Tool (click on the icon below or press V on your keyboard) to select
any shape(s) in view
double-click the color fill (the solid square) or the stroke (the outline) at the bottom of
the Tools panel to select a color with the color picker

Create rectangles with specific dimensions

Select a shape from the shape group, in this case, rectangle.
Click once (anywhere) on the artboard (as opposed to click and drag as shown before)
Type the desired dimension for the shape as well as the unit

73
You can save some brainpower by letting Adobe Illustrator do the math as well.

Make an ellipse/oval/circle
Creating ellipse/ovals or circles is very similar to creating rectangles. The Ellipse Tool is
tugged under the rounded rectangle tool.

Select Ellipse Tool or Press L

Click and drag on the artboard to the desired dimension

You may create a perfect circle by holding the Shift key while dragging

74
 Use polygon shapes and triangle shapes
The Polygon Tool is the hexagon icon in the Shape Group. In short, most of the
functions are identical to shapes we have covered before:
Click and drag to draw
Drawing from the center by holding the Alt key (Windows) or the Option key (Mac OS)
Change Fill and Stroke color
But a few things are unique to the Polygon Tool
Straighten up the shape orientation by holding the Shift key while dragging

Move the pointer in rotating motion to rotate the shape while creating the polygon.

75
If the polygon shape is already created, you can always cover over a corner and rotate after
your pointer turns into a double-arrowed curve below.

Change the number of sides in two methods

Method 1: Press the up or down arrow key while dragging

Use Line Segment Tool

It will be amiss if we don't cover the essential line drawing tool: Line Segment Tool. This
tool is located next to the Text Tool. You can find its icon in the tools panel (/)

76
The use of the tool is pretty straightforward—the simple click and drag.

Like many shape tools in Adobe Illustrator, you can hold the Shift key while dragging to
constrain the angle to multiples of 45 degrees. It's hands-down the quickest way to draw a
straight line, esp. horizontal and vertical lines.

Duplicate shapes
There are quite a few ways to duplicate shapes inside the program. I will walk you through 2
of the most common ones.

Method 1: The good ole Copy and Paste

Press command on a Mac (or Ctrl on a PC) + C to copy
Press command on a Mac (or Ctrl on a PC) + P to paste
You can also find the commands in Edit>Copy and Edit>Paste, but hotkeys are always a
much-recommended alternative.

You don't control where things go, but this method is intuitive and quick.

Method 2: Hold the Alt key (Windows) or the Option key (Mac OS) and drag

Edit shapes
Shapes you create in Adobe Illustrators are live, which means you can easily edit them on the
fly. Here are a few ways of changing the properties:

Select the shape using the Selection Tool (V), then the pointer turns into a double-arrow and
drags to adjust the size

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Similarly, hover over the corner, then the pointer turns into a double-arrowed curve and
moves around to rotate

Tip: Hold the Shift key to maintain the original ratio

How to draw rounded corners

You may have noticed the tiny circles inside the corners of a shape. They are your besties
when it comes to creating rounded corners.

Select the corner point using the Direct Selection Tool (A)
Drag until you are happy with the size

6. Typographical design.
Text Tool
Access the Text Tool from the tool panel. The icon for the Text tool is an uppercase ‘T.’

Creating Floating Text

Select the Text Tool.
Single click where you’d like to add unbounded text.

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Type what you want your text to say.
NOTE: You can also copy text from somewhere else and paste it at this point instead of
typing it in.

When you’re finished entering your text content, hit esc on your keyboard.

Changing Text Settings

Settings for your text are found in the Properties panel.

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Font and size are changed in the Character panel in the properties panel.
Click the dropdown box where the current font is listed.
NOTE: Illustrator’s Default font is Myriad Pro. It’s good practice to pick something other
than the default font.
Single-click on the font you want to use.

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Click the dropdown next to the current font size. The default size is “12 pt.”

Click on the size you want your font to be.

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Change Text Color
Select the text you want to change using the Selection Tool.

The color settings are in the Appearance panel found in the Properties panel.
Click on the color swatch for Fill.

The Swatches panel will open.

Click the color you want to use.

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 Typography
Typography refers to the art and technique of arranging typefaces, fonts, and other visual
elements in a visually appealing and effective manner. It is a key component of graphic
design and communication, focusing on the creation and arrangement of type to convey
meaning, evoke emotions, and enhance readability.
Step 1: Create your text
a.) Type your text using the Type tool and apply a font of your choice on the text.

b.) Select the text and assign no fill color. Add the outline color on the text.

c.) Use Pen tool to draw an object to be used as a spine for the typography. Spine is an outline
shape that defines the central area of the text body.

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Step 2: Create a blend object
In this step, we'll learn how you can combine the shapes and colors between two or more
objects to create a blend object.
a.) Create rectangles using the Rectangle tool, fill them with different colors and then group
them.

b.) Create a circle in the middle of the rectangles using the Ellipse tool.

c.) Select the circle and the rectangle group. Use Clipping Mask to clip the rectangle group inside the circle
using Object > Clipping Mask > Make.

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d.) Use the Pathfinder (Windows > Pathfinder) to trim the clipped shape.

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Step 3: Replace spine on text with the blend
Use this blend to replace spine that was created for the text in step #1 (Object > Blend >
Replace Spine). For more details, see Change the spine of a blended object.
Ensure you create a copy of the blended shape when you assign it to a particular spine.

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Repeat this step and complete your typography. Group all letters in the word and then save
the design. To open this design in other CC apps for further use, export it to Creative Cloud.

The final artwork

Now, you can use this text on your poster, brochure, flyer, or any other artwork.

7. Font attributes
Font attributes refer to the various characteristics and settings that can be applied to text to
alter its appearance. These attributes allow you to customize the font style, size, weight,
color, spacing, and more. Here are some commonly used font attributes in Photoshop:

Font Family: The font family refers to the specific typeface that determines the overall
design and style of the characters. Photoshop offers a wide range of font families to choose
from, such as Arial, Times New Roman, Helvetica, and many others. You can select the
desired font family from the font dropdown menu in the options bar or the Character panel.

Font Size: The font size controls the height of the characters. You can adjust the font size
using the font size dropdown menu in the options bar or by typing a specific size value.
Alternatively, you can use the Character panel to set the font size precisely.

Font Style: Font styles include variations such as regular, italic, bold, and bold italic. These
variations change the appearance and weight of the characters. You can select the desired

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 font style from the font style dropdown menu in the options bar or use the Character panel
to apply the desired style.

Font Weight: Font weight refers to the thickness or heaviness of the characters. It
determines how bold or light the text appears. Some fonts offer different weight options,
such as light, regular, medium, bold, and extra bold. You can access font weight settings
through the font weight dropdown menu in the options bar or the Character panel.

Text Color: The text color attribute allows you to change the color of the characters. You
can select a color using the color picker in the options bar or the Character panel.
Additionally, you can apply gradients, patterns, or special effects to the text using layer
styles or blending modes.

Kerning and Tracking: Kerning refers to the adjustment of the space between individual
characters, while tracking controls the overall spacing between all characters in a block of
text. You can adjust kerning and tracking using the Kerning and Tracking options in the
Character panel or the options bar.

Text Alignment: Text alignment determines the horizontal positioning of the text within a
text box or paragraph. Photoshop offers options for left alignment, center alignment, right
alignment, and justified alignment. You can adjust the text alignment using the alignment
options in the options bar or the Paragraph panel.

8. Appropriate file format

Illustrator is a versatile graphic design software commonly used for creating and editing
vector-based artwork. When working with Illustrator, it is essential to choose the
appropriate file format to ensure compatibility, maintain the quality of your designs, and
meet the requirements of your intended use. Here are some common file formats used in
Illustrator:
AI (Adobe Illustrator): The native file format of Adobe Illustrator. It supports all Illustrator
features, including layers, text, and vector graphics. AI files can be edited, saved, and
reopened in Illustrator without losing any data. However, AI files may not be compatible
with other software applications.
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript): EPS is a widely supported vector file format that can be
opened by various design and illustration software. EPS files can contain both vector and
raster elements, making them suitable for printing and high-resolution output. They can
also preserve transparency and are often used for logos, illustrations, and print-ready
artwork.
PDF (Portable Document Format): PDF is a popular file format that can contain both vector
and raster elements. It is widely compatible across different platforms and applications,
making it suitable for sharing and printing artwork. PDF files can retain their quality and
maintain vector properties, such as text and scalable graphics. Additionally, they can embed
fonts and support interactive features.
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics): SVG is a web-friendly vector format that is widely
supported by browsers and web applications. It is primarily used for displaying vector-
based graphics on the web and can be scaled without loss of quality. SVG files can be
created in Illustrator and easily integrated into websites, animations, and user interfaces.
PSD (Adobe Photoshop): While primarily associated with Adobe Photoshop, PSD files can
also be imported and edited in Adobe Illustrator. This format is commonly used for designs
that incorporate both raster and vector elements. Importing a PSD file into Illustrator allows

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 for further editing of vector elements and maintaining compatibility with Photoshop.
9. Saving design
Save a Logo as Vector File in Adobe Illustrator
The best way to save a high-quality logo is by saving it as a vector file because as long as
you didn’t rasterize it, you can scale the logo freely without losing its quality.
When you design and save the logo in Adobe Illustrator, it’s already a vector file, because
the default format is .ai, and .ai is a vector format file. You can also choose other vector
formats such as eps, svg, and pdf. Yes, you can edit a pdf file in Adobe Illustrator too.
There’s an important step before you save a logo as a vector file – outline the text. You
MUST outline your logo text to finalize the logo before you send it to someone else.
Otherwise, someone who doesn’t have the logo font installed will not see the same logo
text as you.
Once you outline the text, go ahead and follow the steps below to save or export it as a
vector file.
Step 1: go to the overhead menu File > Save As. I’ll ask you whether you want to save the
file on your computer or Adobe Cloud. You can only choose the format when you save it
to your computer, so choose On your computer, and click Save.

After you click Save, you can choose where to save your file on your computer and change
the format of the file.
Step 2: Click the Format options and choose a format. All the options here are vector
formats, so you can choose any one that you need and click Save.
Depending on which format you choose, the next setting windows will show different
options. For example, I’m going to save it as Illustrator EPS (eps) so the EPS options will
appear. You can change the version, preview format, etc.

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The default version is Illustrator 2020, but it’s a good idea to save the file as a lower version
just in case someone with an Illustrator version lower than 2020 cannot open the
file. Illustrator CC EPS works for all CC users.

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Click OK once you’re done with the settings and you’ve saved your logo as a vector.

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 Self Check 4.1
Answer the following questions:

1 Write down the name of some shape tools

2 What is content area?

3 What are the uses of shape tool?

4 What is typography?

5 What is EPS?

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 Answer Sheet 4.1
1. Write down the name of some shape tools
Answer:
i Rectangle Tool
ii Rounded Rectangle Tool
iii Ellipse Tool
iv Polygon Tool
v Star Tool
2. What is content area?
Answer: The term "content area" refers to the workspace or canvas where you
create and manipulate your artwork. It is the main area where you can draw,
design, and arrange your graphical elements. The content area in Illustrator is
a rectangular space that represents the size and dimensions of your document.
3. What are the uses of shape tool?
Answer: Shape tools in Adobe Illustrator offer a range of uses and functionalities for
creating and manipulating geometric shapes and objects in your designs. Some specific
uses of shape tools in Illustrator include:
• Creating Basic Shapes
• Designing Logos and Icons
• Creating Custom Shapes
4. What is typography?
Typography refers to the art and technique of arranging typefaces, fonts, and other visual
elements in a visually appealing and effective manner.

5. What is EPS?
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript): EPS is a widely supported vector file format that can be
opened by various design and illustration software. EPS files can contain both vector and
raster elements, making them suitable for printing and high-resolution output.

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 Activity Sheet 4-1:

Activity: Create the shapes below on your own

Working Procedure:

1. Maintain OSH and PPE.

2. Read specification sheet collect tools and equipment.
3. Interpret the image to determine which software require for this job
4. Create a folder on your own name.
5. Create the shapes as per sample.
6. Save the file as your own name.

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 Specification Sheet 4-1
Condition for the job:
1. Use the shape tool.
2. Select Color mode CMYK.
3. Save the image in .ai and .eps file.
4. Turn off Computer

To complete the above task you will need to following equipment per Trainee.
List of Tools and equipment
S/N Name of Item Specificarion Unit Quantity
01 Personal Computer Latest Nos 1
configuration
02 Keyboard and Mouse Standard Nos 1
03 Monitor Standard Nos 1
04 Adobe Illustrator Latest version Nos 1

Raw Materials
• N/A
Required PPE
• Ergonomic chair
• Eye protective glass
• Rubber shoe

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Learning Outcome 5: Identify career opportunities in the graphic
design sector

Content:
1. Graphic design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) houses
2. Positions/jobs in the graphic design sector
3. Hands on graphics arts designer

Assessment Criteria:
1. Local and international graphic design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) houses are
identified.
2. Positions/jobs in the graphic design sector are identified.
3. Hands on graphics arts designer are identified.
4. Graphic design and DTP houses are visited on site and through the internet.

Resources Required/ Conditions:

The trainees must be provided with the following:
• Training resources
- References
- Audio/video materials
- Modules
- Target stakeholdres
- Competency standard
• Training facilities / area
- Computer and peripherals
- Multimedia projector

Methodologies

• Lecture/discussion
• Demonstration/application
• Presentation
• Self-pace instruction
• Blended delivery methods

Assessment Methods

• Written test
• Demonstration
• Observation with checklist
• Oral questioning
• Portfolio

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 Information Sheet 5
Learning Objectives

After completion of this information sheet, the learners will be able to:
1. Identify Graphic design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) houses
2. Identify Positions/jobs in the graphic design sector
3. Identify Hands on graphics arts designer

1. Graphic design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) houses

Graphic design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) houses refer to companies or agencies that
specialize in providing graphic design and desktop publishing services to clients. These
houses can be either local, serving clients within a specific geographic area or country, or
international, catering to clients from around the world. Here's a breakdown of these terms:

Local Graphic Design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) Houses:

Local graphic design and DTP houses are companies or agencies that primarily operate
within a specific geographic area or country. They provide graphic design and DTP services
to clients located in their immediate vicinity or within the same region. These houses
typically have a physical presence, such as a studio or office, where designers and DTP
professionals work on various design projects. They have a deep understanding of the local
culture, language, and design preferences, allowing them to create designs that are tailored
to the specific needs and preferences of their local clientele. Local houses often have a
strong network within the local business community and may have established
relationships with local printers, publishers, or other related service providers.

International Graphic Design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) Houses:

International graphic design and DTP houses are companies or agencies that have a global
reach and cater to clients from different parts of the world. These houses may have offices
or remote teams in multiple countries, enabling them to serve a diverse clientele. They
possess a broader perspective and experience working with clients from different cultures,
industries, and markets. International houses often have a wider range of design styles and
capabilities due to their exposure to a global clientele. They may have specialized teams or
designers who are knowledgeable about international design trends, cultural nuances, and
localization requirements. International houses can offer services to clients located
anywhere and are well-equipped to handle projects with an international scope or target
audience.

The graphic design sector offers a wide range of positions and job roles that cater to
different aspects of the design process. Here are some common positions you can find in
the graphic design sector:

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2. Career opportunities of Graphics Designer

There are many career opportunities for skilled and talented design professionals. For this
study, we look some of broad professional categories:

1. Photo editor - Photo editors work with real-life images to color-correction, adjust or
combine images to create the desired final image. It can be limited into color balance and
adjusting the lighting on a photograph or as sharp as changing garment colors or adding
banners or logo information to the image.

Careers focusing on editing photography have less of an emphasis on graphic design, but
they require a complete knowledge of Photoshop, which is typically covered in a graphic
design program. It is often beneficial for companies to employ a designer who can alter
images when the product image does not accurately represent the final product, as images
may need to be taken before a design is finalized.

2. Logo/ Corporate designer: Now a day it become a very important sub sector under
Graphics Design. Logo designers develop visually compelling graphics or symbols to
represent a company, product, brand or service. They research the target demographic to
gain a strong understanding of what symbols they find appealing and memorable. Designer
must choose distinct colors and shapes that relate to and establish the brand identity of the
company or product. Logo designers must also be aware of not copying or recreating a
trademarked logo. A corporate designer has to design verity item for corporate presentation
and brand promotion for company or product or service like flyer, brochure, leaflet, ID
card, product catalogue, banner, festoon etc.

3. Packaging designer: Packaging designers develop the labels, box, carton, container and
other packaging materials of a product to protect the product during shipping and
communicate important features to the customer. They use Illustrator/ CAD software to
write product details in an appropriate style and font, add graphics to explain the functions
and show what the product looks like or how to use it. They often design the package as a
marketing tool as well to convey the important product feature to the customer.

4. Web designer: By creating individual web pages, developing graphical content and
designing page layouts, designing the navigation menus, drop-down options and the
website's structure a web designers assist to develop websites. They may have coding and
programming skills, which would allow them to completely develop the website on their
own. Web designers’ associate with the website's brand or marketing team to determine
what content is included on each page and where to place graphics, as well as to ensure
continuity as consumers browse the website.

5. Multimedia designer: Multimedia designers create animated images and videos using
art and computerized animation programs. They are responsible for plan out the animation
by sketching, creating scale models and developing the graphics for the story's characters,
background scenes and props. Multimedia designers can work in a variety of fields
including television, set design or film production and video game development. In film

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work or set design, they may also be responsible for directing set assistants and lighting
crew in the execution of their design intent.

6. Advertising designer: Advertising designers use graphic design, sketching and

photography to create visually compelling marketing materials for a brand or company.
They create billboards, magazine advertisements, website advertisements, digital
marketing materials and any other requested promotional materials. They sketch or use
design software to develop an initial concept based on marketing and public relations
strategies. They may create a few variations of a concept to present to the advertising
leadership or art director, and they listen to the leadership's feedback to perfect the final
design.

7. Publication designer: Publication designers develop the layout, visual appearance and
graphics for a range of printed publications. Companies that create annual reports, research
papers, books, catalogs and user manuals use internal or freelance publication designers to
add images and graphics to the written information. These images help make the data easier
to read and can elaborate on written topics by showing a graph or step-by-step instructions
to complete a task in a manual. The designer is responsible for developing the images and
graphs and incorporating them into the publication in a visually appealing manner.

8. User interface (UI) designer: The user interface designer is responsible for ensuring
every webpage or operational step of the final product follows the user experience (UX)
designer's intent. They typically have basic coding skills and can develop the designer's
vision by working with software programming experts. UI designers make webpages,
advertisements and electronic programming easy for the consumer to interact with. They
must ensure that the UX design is feasible and well-executed.

9. User experience (UX) designer: To make products, services and websites enjoyable
and smooth accessible for users are main responsibility of UX designers. They consider the
intended end-use of the product and how the product feels to the consumer to ensure it is a
user-friendly product or service. UX designers most commonly work in web design or apps
development to make them visually pleasing and easy for customers to navigate. They also
work with other technology-based products, including software, gaming systems,
computers and automobiles to develop visual aesthetics and graphics. They test the product
under normal usage and resolve any inconsistencies in the appearance or flow. UX
designers ensure the product has a logical flow from one step to the next.

10. Art director: The art director is a higher level executive responsible for guiding the
design team's vision, directing the theme concept and overseeing all design artwork. They
can work in a variety of industries including fashion, print publications, advertising,
television, video games, software development and consumer products developments. The
director may be employed by the brand or as a freelancer, but they always work closely
with the client or marketing and sales team to understand their artistic vision.

The art director is responsible for reviewing and approving designs completed by the art
and graphics teams. As an executive, the art director also works closely with the marketing,
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financial, creative and customer service directors to coordinate projects and maintain a
consistent brand image.

Hierarchy of a Graphic Designer

Graphic designing is such a huge expanding field in the market today. This field offers
enormously broad array of service opportunities crafted amorously by the media and
technology sector. These professionals fulfill numerous diverse positions requiring visual
designs, solutions and also materials. These professionals work for MNCs, organizations,
magazine, newspaper along with small scale companies means in every sector of the
market.

These professionals are majorly responsible for the planning layout, designing and
production of the graphic publications. They create website pages, multimedia and
interactive displays. These career levels can be classified broadly in three levels. Graphic
Design career hierarchy is described as below in this article in a mode of downhill order
means the highest career level of the Graphic Design career hierarchy is placed at the
pinnacle and the lowest one is placed at the end.

Senior Level

These are the uppermost level Graphic Design Job profiles that a graphic design
professional can grow to during the course of his career. These professionals are more
associated with the organization’s decision making successions and administrative
functions. Following are the profiles that get hold of the highest levels in the graphic design
career hierarchy:

1. Chief Graphic Technology Officer

2. Graphic Art Managers
3. Creative Director
4. Senior Art Director
5. Art Production Manager
6. Hands on Graphic Designer
7. Brand Identity Developer
8. Print Production manager

Middle Level

This career level incorporates professionals from the middle level of the hierarchy who
have crucial experience of the field and work for the development of the company. These
professionals are answerable for the outcomes of the lower level officials who work under
the supervision of these officials.

The job profiles are:

1. Assistant Art Director

2. Assistant Art Production Associate

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 3. Broadcast Designer
4. Logo Designer
5. Senior Illustrator Manager
6. Associate Broadcast Designer
7. Senior Multimedia Developer
8. Head of Photography Department
9. Visual Image Developer
10. Head Content Developer

Junior Level

This is the lowest level in the graphic design career hierarchy. The officials at this level are
those personnel who are experts of their respective field. This level incorporates numerous
job profiles related to field of graphic designing but are equally important. Some of the
lower level job profiles of this level of the graphic design career hierarchy are even fresher
who have just finished their study and work to gain experience. These professionals handle
the work provided to them by their respective seniors of the middle level. These career
ranks are described as below:

1. Illustrator Assistant Manager

2. Visual Journalist
3. Senior Layout Artist
4. Interface Designer
5. Layout Designer
6. Head Web Designer / Developer
7. Associate Web Designer
8. Associate Content Developer
9. Assistant Layout Artist
10. Graphic Design Analyst
11. Graphic Package Designer
12. Photographer
13. Junior Multimedia Developer
14. Graphic Design Associate
15. Graphic Design Trainee

These are just a few examples of positions in the graphic design sector. Depending on the
company and industry, there may be additional specialized roles, such as motion graphic
designer, illustration artist, typographer, or multimedia designer.

1. Graphic Designer: Creates visual designs for various projects such as logos,
advertisements, brochures, websites, and more.
2. Art Director: Oversees the artistic and visual direction of projects, working closely
with clients and creative teams to ensure the overall visual concept is executed
effectively.

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3. UI/UX Designer: Designs user interfaces and user experiences for digital platforms,
ensuring they are visually appealing, user-friendly, and functional.
4. Web Designer: Creates visually engaging and functional website designs, utilizing
skills in web design principles, HTML, CSS, and sometimes JavaScript.
5. Branding Specialist: Develops and maintains consistent brand identities for
companies or products, including logos, brand guidelines, and marketing collateral.
6. Packaging Designer: Designs attractive and functional packaging solutions for various
products, considering factors such as product positioning and manufacturing
requirements.
7. Motion Graphic Designer: Specializes in creating animated visual content, combining
graphic design elements with motion to convey messages and engage viewers.
8. Illustrator: Creates hand-drawn or digital illustrations for various purposes, such as
book illustrations, editorial illustrations, character design, and infographics.
9. Print Production Specialist: Prepares design files for printing, ensuring they meet
technical requirements and handling tasks such as color calibration and file setup.
10. Creative Director: Oversees the overall creative direction of projects or organizations,
providing guidance and making strategic decisions to align the creative vision with
business goals.
11. Visual Designer: Focuses on creating visually appealing designs for both digital and
print media, including websites, social media graphics, and marketing materials.
12. UX Researcher: Conducts user research to understand user behavior and preferences,
applying findings to improve the user experience and inform design decisions.
13. Prepress Technician: Prepares digital files for printing, ensuring they are correctly
formatted, color-corrected, and properly prepared for the printing process.
14. Production Artist: Works on the technical aspects of design, preparing files for print
or digital production, and ensuring consistency and accuracy in design implementation.
15. Information Designer: Specializes in presenting complex information and data in a
visually clear and engaging manner, using infographics, data visualizations, and
interactive media.
16. Social Media Designer: Creates graphics and visuals specifically tailored for social
media platforms, including posts, banners, and advertisements.
17. User Interface Designer: Focuses on designing intuitive and visually appealing user
interfaces for software applications, considering usability and user interaction.
18. Typeface Designer: Designs fonts and typefaces, creating unique and visually
appealing letterforms for various applications.
19. Environmental Graphic Designer: Creates designs for physical spaces, such as
signage, wayfinding systems, and environmental branding, to enhance the user
experience in the built environment.
20. Creative Illustrator: Specializes in creating imaginative and visually striking
illustrations for books, magazines, advertising campaigns, and other creative projects.

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3. Hands on graphics arts designer

Calligrapher: A calligrapher specializes in the art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.

They use various tools such as pens, brushes, and ink to create intricate and stylized
letterforms. Calligraphers may design custom lettering for invitations, certificates, signage,
and other projects that require an elegant and personalized touch.

Bookbinder: A bookbinder is skilled in the craft of creating and binding books by hand.
They work with materials such as paper, leather, fabric, and thread to assemble pages, cover
materials, and decorative elements into finished books. Bookbinders ensure that the design
and structure of the book align with its content and purpose.

Paper Sculptor: A paper sculptor creates three-dimensional artwork using paper as the
primary medium. They manipulate and shape paper through techniques such as cutting,
folding, and layering to create intricate and detailed sculptures. Paper sculptors may create
artwork for displays, installations, or product packaging, showcasing their ability to
transform a flat material into dynamic and visually striking forms.

Silk Screen Printer: A silk screen printer employs the technique of screen printing to
create designs on various surfaces such as fabric, paper, or even wood. They use a stencil
and a mesh screen to transfer ink onto the desired medium, layering colors and textures to
achieve unique visual effects. Silk screen printers may produce limited edition prints,
apparel designs, posters, or other printed materials with a distinct handmade quality.

Collage Artist: A collage artist creates artworks by combining and layering different
materials such as photographs, papers, fabrics, and found objects. They assemble these
materials to form a cohesive composition, often exploring themes of juxtaposition, texture,
and storytelling. Collage artists employ their hands-on skills to cut, tear, arrange, and
adhere various elements to create visually captivating and thought-provoking artworks.

These hands-on graphic arts designers demonstrate the fusion of traditional artistic
techniques and graphic design principles, showcasing the artistry, craftsmanship, and
tactile nature of their work. They contribute to the diverse and rich landscape of graphic
design by exploring alternative mediums and bringing a unique aesthetic to their designs.

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 Self Check 5.1

Answer the following questions:

1. What is grahphics design?

Answer:

2. Local Employment Market of graphics design?

Answer: A. Supper Shop B. Software firm
C. School & College D. Shopping mall

3. Photoshop is a editor software.

Answer:

4. Illustrator is a vector graphics creator. Y / N

Answer:

5. Personal Qualification of graphics designer-

Answer: A. Analytical Skill B. Honesty
C. Sinsiarity C. Photography

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 Answer Sheet 5.1
1. Graphic design is the process of visual communication through the use
of typography, photography, iconography and illustration.

2. B. Software firm

3. Photoshop is a raster graphics editor software.

4. Illustrator is a vector graphics creator. Y.

5. Personal Qualification of graphics designer-

Answer: A. Analytical Skill

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 Learning Outcome 6: Interpret Online Market places

Content:
1 Source of carrier opportunities.
2 Account opening procedure
3 Standard profile structure
4 Bidding procedure for the jobs
5 Design submission procedure
6 Payment collection methods
Assessment Criteria:
1 Source of carrier opportunities are identified.
2 Account opening procedure is interpreted.
3 Standard profile structure is outlined.
4 Bidding procedure for the jobs are interpreted.
5 Design submission procedure is interpreted.
6 Payment collection methods are identified.
Resources Required/ Conditions:
The trainees must be provided with the following:
• Training resources
- References
- Audio/video materials
- Modules
- Target stakeholdres
- Competency standard
• Training facilities / area
- Computer and peripherals
- Multimedia projector
Methodologies
• Lecture/discussion
• Demonstration/application
• Presentation
• Self-pace instruction
• Blended delivery methods

Assessment Methods
• Written test
• Demonstration
• Observation with checklist
• Oral questioning
• Portfolio

106
 Information Sheet 6
Learning Objectives

After completion of this information sheet, the learners will be able to

1. Identify Source of carrier opportunities.

2. Interpret Account opening procedure
3. Outline Standard profile structure
4. Interpret Bidding procedure for the jobs
5. Interpret Design submission procedure
6. Identify Payment collection methods

1. Source of carrier opportunities

There are several online marketplaces where graphic designers can find carrier
opportunities. These platforms connect designers with clients who are looking for design
services. Some popular online marketplaces for graphic design include:

Upwork (www.upwork.com): Upwork is one of the largest freelancing platforms, offering

a wide range of creative and professional services. Graphic designers can create a profile,
showcase their portfolio, and bid on design projects posted by clients.

Fiverr (www.fiverr.com): Fiverr is a popular platform where freelancers can offer their
services at various price points starting from $5. Graphic designers can create "Gigs"
specifying their design services, packages, and pricing, making it easy for clients to find
and hire them.

99designs (www.99designs.com): 99designs specializes in connecting designers with

clients for various design projects, including logos, branding, web design, and more.
Designers can participate in design contests or create their portfolio to attract clients.

Freelancer (www.freelancer.com): Freelancer is a global freelancing platform that offers

a wide range of job categories, including graphic design. Designers can create a profile, bid
on design projects, and showcase their work to attract clients.

Dribbble (www.dribbble.com): Dribbble is a community-driven platform where

designers can showcase their work and connect with potential clients. It allows designers
to create a portfolio, browse job listings, and apply for design opportunities.

Toptal (www.toptal.com): Toptal is a selective freelancing platform that connects top-tier

designers with clients. It has a rigorous screening process to ensure high-quality talent.
Designers can apply to join the platform and access exclusive design projects.

Creative Market (www.creativemarket.com): Creative Market is a platform for buying

and selling design assets, including graphics, templates, fonts, and more. Designers can
create their own shops to sell their digital products or contribute as authors.

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Behance: Behance is a platform for creative professionals to showcase their portfolios,
gain exposure, and potentially connect with clients and employers seeking talented graphic
designers.

DesignCrowd: DesignCrowd allows designers to participate in design contests, providing

an avenue for showcasing their skills and winning projects for various graphic design
needs.

Guru: Guru is a freelancing platform where graphic designers can showcase their
portfolios, bid on projects, and collaborate with clients to complete graphic design tasks.

Envato Studio: Envato Studio is a marketplace where designers can offer their graphic
design services, such as logo design, website design, and more, attracting clients who visit
the platform for their design needs.

Creative Market: Creative Market is a platform where designers can sell their design
assets, such as graphics, templates, fonts, and more, and potentially attract clients who are
in search of unique and customizable design elements.

Designhill: Designhill is a platform that connects designers with clients seeking various
graphic design services, allowing designers to showcase their work and win projects.

PeoplePerHour: PeoplePerHour is a freelancing platform that offers graphic designers

opportunities to find projects, collaborate with clients, and build their freelance careers.

Crowdspring: Crowdspring is a platform that hosts design contests for various graphic
design needs, enabling designers to showcase their skills and win projects through
competitive entries.

SimplyHired: SimplyHired is a job search platform that aggregates graphic design job
listings from various sources, providing designers with opportunities to find full-time or
part-time employment in the graphic design field.
Online Marketplace
An online marketplace is a type of e-commerce website where product or service
information is provided by multiple third parties. Online marketplaces are the primary type
of multichannel ecommerce and can be a way to streamline the production process.

Graphic design marketplaces are platforms which specialize in showcasing the work of
talented graphic designers and connecting creatives with new clients. If you're on the
lookout for a creative prodigy for your next project, chances are you'll find them on one of
such marketplaces.

Some of leading online marketplace for graphic design-

1. GraphicRiver
2. Sutterstock

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 3. Hatchwise
4. DesignCrowd
5. ArtWeb
6. DesignHill
7. UpWork
8. Fiverr
9. 99design
10. Behance

Freelance Graphic Design:

Becoming a freelance graphic designer is no easy task—but it’s completely worth the
effort. Being a freelance designer can be freeing. Working on projects you care about;
determining your own schedule; being your own boss.

The pros and cons of a freelance career.

You’ll have more freedom and flexibility, but also more responsibility. With the ability to
set your own schedule you’ll be free to listen to your muse, which doesn’t always speak up
during normal work hours. But this freedom can also be a burden, as you are the only person
who can take responsibility for your work and your business as a whole.

You get to choose who you work for, but that also means managing who you work for.
Instead of having clients built into your work, you’ll have the chance to select and screen
them (depending on how desperate you are for work). Once you choose them, however,
you also have to manage them. This means running point on all communications, keeping
them happy, and eventually chasing down payment, which isn’t always a walk in the park.

You’ll learn new skills, but it’s pretty much required that you do. Freelancing is a
bootstrapping endeavor. While you have the opportunity to pick up new design skills, you’ll
also have to invest time to develop less glamorous skills like bookkeeping and time
management.

Your lifestyle could improve, or it could be consumed. The flexibility of freelance means
you have more time for the things you truly want to do. But if you don’t work towards an
appropriate work-life balance, it can easily consume your life – sometimes more than a full-
time job.

2. Account opening procedure

The account opening procedure may vary slightly depending on the specific online
marketplace or platform you choose. However, here is a general outline of the steps
involved in opening an account for graphic design in an online marketplace:

Choose a Platform: Select an online marketplace that aligns with your goals and
preferences. Consider factors such as the platform's reputation, user base, fee structure, and
available opportunities for graphic designers.

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Sign Up: Visit the chosen online marketplace's website and look for the sign-up or create
an account option. Click on it to begin the registration process.

Provide Basic Information: Fill out the required fields with your basic information, such
as your name, email address, and password. Some platforms may also ask for additional
details like your location or contact information.

Create a Profile: Once registered, you'll typically be prompted to create a profile. This is
an important step as it allows you to showcase your skills, portfolio, and expertise to
potential clients. Fill in all relevant sections of your profile, including a bio, professional
background, and portfolio samples.

Verify Your Account: In some cases, the platform may require you to verify your account.
This could involve confirming your email address through a verification link sent to your
email or following other identity verification procedures.

Set Your Services and Rates: Determine the graphic design services you want to offer
and set your rates or pricing structure. Be clear and transparent about what clients can
expect when they hire you.

Review Platform Guidelines and Policies: Familiarize yourself with the platform's terms
of service, guidelines, and policies to ensure you understand the rules and expectations for
using the marketplace. This includes any payment terms, communication protocols, dispute
resolution procedures, or code of conduct.

Customize Your Profile: Take the time to customize your profile to make it visually
appealing and professional. Use high-quality images, showcase your best work, and write
a compelling bio that highlights your skills and experience.

Explore Opportunities: Once your profile is set up, you can start exploring the available
opportunities on the platform. Browse through job listings, project postings, or contests to
find suitable projects or clients.

Submit Proposals or Bids: For platforms that require bidding or proposals, carefully read
the project requirements and submit your proposals accordingly. Tailor your proposals to
showcase how your skills and expertise align with the client's needs.

Communication and Collaboration: Once you've secured a project or client, engage in

clear and timely communication. Understand the client's requirements, ask clarifying
questions if needed, and maintain professionalism throughout the collaboration.

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3. Standard profile structure
When creating a profile as a graphic designer in an online marketplace, it's important to
make it compelling and professional to attract potential clients. While the specific structure
may vary based on the platform and personal preferences, here's a standard profile structure
that can help you showcase your skills effectively:

Profile Picture: Upload a professional profile picture that represents you as a graphic
designer. Choose an image that presents you in a friendly and approachable manner while
maintaining a level of professionalism.

Introduction/Bio: Write a concise and engaging introduction that highlights your

experience, expertise, and what sets you apart as a graphic designer. This section should
give clients an overview of who you are and what you can offer.

Skills and Specializations: List your core graphic design skills and any specialized areas
you excel in. This could include logo design, branding, illustration, web design, print
design, etc. Be specific about your abilities to help clients understand your expertise.

Experience and Education: Provide information about your relevant experience and
education in the field of graphic design. Include any degrees, certifications, or courses you
have completed, as well as details of past projects or clients you have worked with.

Portfolio: Showcase your best work through a well-curated portfolio section. Include a
variety of samples that demonstrate your range of skills and styles. Aim for a diverse
selection that represents different types of projects and industries.

Testimonials/Reviews: If you have received positive feedback or testimonials from

previous clients, consider including them in this section. Testimonials can help build trust
and credibility with potential clients.

Services Offered: Clearly outline the specific graphic design services you offer. This could
include logo design, brand identity, packaging design, social media graphics, etc. Specify
what clients can expect when they hire you for each service.

Pricing and Packages: Provide information about your pricing structure and any packages
you offer. Be transparent about your rates, whether it's an hourly rate or a fixed price for
specific services. If you offer different packages, outline what each package includes.

Software and Tools: List the graphic design software, tools, and technologies you are
proficient in. This could include Adobe Creative Suite (Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign),
Sketch, Figma, or any other relevant software.

Contact Information: Make it easy for potential clients to get in touch with you. Include
your professional email address, website (if applicable), and any other preferred methods
of communication.

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 Call to Action: Conclude your profile with a clear call to action, inviting clients to contact
you for their graphic design needs. Encourage them to reach out for more information,
project inquiries, or collaborations.

Starting your freelance graphic design career

Signing Up for Behance
When signing up for Behance, you’ll need an Adobe ID to create a profile. You can create
an Adobe ID and sign up for Behance by:

1. Navigating to Behance.net
2. Click Sign Up With Email or select the Social Network login option (Apple,
Facebook, Google) to create your Adobe ID
3. You’ll be asked to fill out a few fields - including your name, email address, and
other basic information.
4. Select your Behance URL and location
Because your Adobe ID credentials are managed within your Adobe account, you can make
changes to these details from the Adobe site. These credentials are important and allow you
to access the breadth of Adobe applications and platforms that you might use.

Logging into Behance

To login to your Behance profile, navigate
to Behance.net and click Sign In in the
top right corner of the page:
• If you signed up with an Adobe ID
and password, enter them and
click Sign In
• If you signed up using Facebook or
Google, select that account and
follow the prompts
Unless you’ve changed your login
method, you’ll log in the same way you
signed up. For example, if you signed up
with a Google account, you’ll log in using your Google account.
Remember to use the same Adobe ID to keep all your Adobe memberships, subscriptions, and
products associated with a single account.
*Note: If you don’t yet have a Behance profile but do have an Adobe ID, simply login to
Behance.net with your Adobe ID to create a profile. If you’ve already logged into your Adobe
ID via another site, you can simply visit behance.net and click Activate.

Common Sign-In Issues

• Caps and Num lock: Make sure that caps lock and num lock are off, then enter your
email and password.

• Multiple emails or changed email? If you have multiple email accounts or have
changed emails since signing up, try using your other or previous email address(es). If
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 you think you have Adobe IDs associated with different email addresses, or are unclear
which email address is associated with your Behance profile, please contact us.

Be ready to send us the Behance URL you're hoping to access. For security reasons, we
can only reveal account information to users with access to the registered email address,
so if you don't have the password or email access, the support team will need to verify
your identity before helping you regain access to your account.

• I tried to login but ended up in an empty or new profile: If you login to Behance
with an Adobe ID that isn't the Adobe ID connected to your Behance account, you'll
end up creating an additional account rather than logging into your existing Behance
account.

• Browser conflict? Confirm you are using the latest version of your browser. Try
signing in using a different internet browser. If cookies are disabled, enable cookies,
and clear your browser’s existing cookies and cache. (See your browser’s guidelines
for instructions.)

• Signing in with Facebook or Google? To resolve errors that occur when you sign in
with your social (Facebook or Google) account, click here for more help.

Verifying your Adobe ID

An Adobe ID
Your Adobe ID is your email address. Use the same Adobe ID to keep all your Adobe plans
and products associated with a single account. An Adobe ID is essential for a secure and
personalized experience with Adobe apps and services, and is required when you want to
buy Adobe products.
To have access to all features of Behance (including uploading projects, messaging users,
and more), you'll need to verify your email address. If you signed up for Behance but didn't
receive a verification email, visit your Adobe Account Settings and click resend
verification email under the Adobe ID section.
Still didn't receive your verification email? Click here for troubleshooting tips.

Reset or Change Your Password

Since you login to Behance with your Adobe ID, you'll reset a forgotten password
or change an existing password by making changes to your Adobe ID password. For
instructions on how to reset or change your password, click here.
When logged into Behance, please visit your Account Settings to manage your email
address and password setting.

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Staying Logged In
Behance does not support
browsers that have third-party
cookies disabled. Some
advertisers use these types of
cookies to track your visits to
the various websites on which
they advertise. Disabling third-
party cookies will block this
kind of tracking. Unfortunately,
this feature interferes with the
way login works on Behance.
Please re-enable third-party
cookies in your browser settings
in order to use Behance.

Key points to required to sustain in marketplace.

1 – Be Passionate About Graphic Design
Graphic design is one of the fields that you will not survive unless you are passionate about
the work. Freelance designers require much creativity. You must be attentive to details and
think like the consumers of your graphics. You should see errors in posters and find
solutions to poorly done work. You must also have the capacity to appreciate an excellent
piece of design.
In the freelancing industry, you need the desire to help you grow a reliable brand.
2 – Learn the Software Necessary For Graphic Design
Graphic design is highly reliant on software. The features you add to your projects will
depend on the finesse of the tools at your disposal. Designing graphics and visuals is also
a matter of mastery. One designer could possess the most sophisticated software yet fail to
deliver on a project because he or she has not mastered it. The best graphic design
software helps you to produce advanced images and posters as well as meet customer
expectations.
3 – Invest in The Tools Required By Graphic Designers
Buy the essential graphic design tools that will enable you to meet the needs of your target
customers. The tools include computers or laptops, software, printers, and the internet,
among others. Some projects can be completed using phones and tablets because they are
not as sophisticated. However, some projects require the best computer for design with
a fantastic monitor that will give you the advantage of viewing details. A freelance
graphics designer needs discipline to meet customer deadlines.
Prepare a work station with the necessary equipment and amenities to work on the projects
at hand.
The best freelancer work station should meet the following conditions.
• Spacious enough to accommodate all your apparatus and gadgets
• Comfortable to allow you to work long hours
• Well lit to avoid straining your eyes
• Warm and aerated
• Quiet so that you can concentrate on your project

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It takes time to buy all the equipment you need to run a successful freelance graphics design
profession.
Improve your equipment and work station gradually until you can meet the standards of the
most lucrative clients in the market.
4 – Work Under A Mentor
A freelance graphic designer comes with much learning on the job because you will not
be working under any organisation or boss. It can lead to numerous mistakes that slow
down your progress. The best step is to identify a mentor who will guide you through the
steps. A mentor ensures that you do not make obvious or costly mistakes. Choose a mentor
who has been in the industry for a while. He or she understands what it takes to succeed.
The mentor will also introduce you to amateur gigs and show you the fastest path through
freelancing. A mentor should have a proven track record so that the tips provided have been
tested. A mentor will give you confidence that your work meets the standards required in
the industry.
5 – Expose Your Talent
If people have never seen your work or do not know about your existence, they will never
order services from you. Expose your work and skills by talking to friends, using social
media, and marketing your business. freelancer does not have a strong brand behind their
name or work. It is, therefore, upon you to work towards exposing the skills for potential
clients to notice.
Create a design portfolio and share it with potential customers. Have a strong social media
presence, and promote the page for business.
Participate in competitions and exhibitions so that people can see your work. The exposure
will result in customers ordering your services.
6 – Enroll on Websites That Provide Graphic Design Gigs
Look for websites that provide
gigs to a freelance graphic
designer. The sites have such
jobs as designing a logo,
creating posters, brochures, and
such other tasks that graphic
designers are known to do. The
websites will allow you to work
on commission since clients will
come to the platform looking for
your skills.
Create the best profile on the
website or platform such that you attract high profile clients.
Bid for jobs and deliver high quality so that the clients can give you favourable ratings.
Use these platforms to establish yourself as a highly-skilled and experienced freelance
graphic designer. Such a platform forms part of your sources of gigs. You will still look for
clients on other platforms.

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 7 – Create an Online Portfolio
Clients will not always look for you on freelancing websites. Some will do independent
searches to capture graphic designers offering their services independently. Others are
looking for designers in a particular area. An online portfolio for a graphic designer helps
the clients to find you. Create a portfolio that captures your work, skills, and reviews from
the clients you have already served.
Promote the profile on social networks. Request the clients you serve to leave positive
reviews on your profile to give confidence to others who land on your page. The profile
will increase your visibility online so that you can capitalise on traffic looking for services
similar to what you offer.
8 – Request for Referrals
Take advantage of the networks that your clients and friends have to get referrals. Referrals
will only come when you deliver quality services to the existing clients. They are happy to
recommend professionals if they get the best services. If you fail to deliver quality services,
referrals will not be forthcoming.
4. Building Your Graphic Design Career on Fiverr
Being a freelance graphic designer is a dream job for many people with creative and artistic
know-how. But how can you make the leap from dreaming do doing and join the ranks of
successful graphic designers? Here’s some good news: You can launch and grow your
graphic design career on Fiverr.

A leading global marketplace that connects freelancers with buyers, Fiverr is always a hub
of activity. Many companies—from start-ups to major global brands—rely on Fiverr as
their go-to source to find freelance graphic design professionals.

Sign up and learn why Fiverr is considered one of the best freelance graphic design sites in
the world.

Not sure how to begin? Just follow these seven success tips to make your mark in the
thriving Fiverr graphic design community.

Step 1: Optimize Your Fiverr Profile

Every freelancer who signs up for Fiverr receives a personal seller profile. Your profile
includes personal and professional information, along with links to social accounts. Your
profile also lets you provide a profile description and a photo.

Keep in mind that your profile description is one of the first glimpses potential buyers have
of you. Your profile characters are limited, so you’ll need to be succinct, but sell yourself
too. Why should buyers choose you for freelance graphic design services? Describe your
core focus areas, too. Are you a freelance flyer designer, freelance magazine designer, or
have other specialties? Tell buyers in your profile description.

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And don’t neglect the value of a great picture! If you have a professional headshot, that’s
great—but no worries if you don’t. A smartphone photo of yourself against a neutral
background can work well. Smiling and exuding confidence in your photo is going to
capture the attention of prospective buyers, so feel free.

Step 2: Create Winning Fiverr Gigs

Each service you sell on Fiverr is called a “Gig” Although originally Fiverr Gigs started at
$5, nowadays you can command higher pricing. Your experience, the complexity of the
service you provide, and add-on services can net you hundreds to thousands of dollars per
Gig.

Here are a few things to focus on to create Fiverr gigs that get noticed:

Title: Start with a clever, descriptive gig title. Your title is what buyers see in search, so
you want to make it grab their attention. Find relevant keywords that accurately describe
the services you're offering and add them to your title to give yourself the best chance of
being found in search.

Tags: Find the most common and relevant keywords for your service category and put
them to use. Add them to your gig to help buyers find you.

Description: Tell potential buyers exactly what services you're offering and why they
should choose you. Do you have specialized skills or talents? What makes you different
from other designers? Remember to be super clear about exactly what you're offering, any
upsells, and other custom service packages you can provide.

Price: Make sure you have a good idea of current freelance graphic design rates when
pricing your project. Search the Fiverr marketplace to understand what other designers
charge. Use these average rates as a baseline, then consider factors like your experience
and job complexity and duration to set fair graphic design rates. It pays to do your
homework on pricing before you set up a new gig!

Step 3: Showcase Your Best Work

On Fiverr, you also have an opportunity to create a “Gig Gallery” for each gig. Your gallery
can house a portfolio to highlight your talents. As a designer, you should make the most of
these visuals! If you’re a Photoshop designer, add some pictures that you’ve edited and
enhanced. Brand-focused designers may want to add samples of freelance brochure design,
advertisements, or web graphics. Choose your best, most relevant pieces to show off your
skills.

Make sure each image in your gallery is high resolution. Pick original images that highlight
your creativity and design capabilities. Have more images you want to share? You can
upload a showreel video to feature your work samples.

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Step 4: Use Videos to Make Your Talents and Personality Shine

Here’s an insider success tip every Fiverr seller needs to know: Gigs with videos
outperform gigs with images alone.

Buyers often appreciate it when freelancers use videos to showcase their personality. You
can create a short, friendly video to introduce yourself and share more about your
experience and skills. All you need is your computer and free video recording software. Be
sure to record yourself in front of an uncluttered background and use good lighting. Write
a five to ten sentence script in advance and memorize it before you record. Look directly
at the camera and smile.

As mentioned above, a showreel can let you highlight multiple design pieces in one video.
Not sure how to create your own showreel? You can hire a freelancer to create a showreel
right on Fiverr.

And if you’re a motion graphic designer, adding videos to every gig is a must!

Step 5: Clarify Project Expectations Up Front

As a freelance creative designer, you know what you need to make each project a success.
Clarify these needs by adding FAQs to your gig. This lets potential buyers know what to
expect when they hire you.

Fiverr provides options for you to include buyer requirements for each gig. You can think
of buyer requirements as a data-collection tool. Use them to get the information you need
for your gig. As a designer, you may need access to any standard colors or fonts and insight
on buyer's design likes and dislikes, along with any files to incorporate into your design.

Be as specific as possible with your requirements. For example, you may need to tell buyers
to upload a file, but it can help to provide instructions on how to upload to help buyers out.
Remember, it could be the first time your new client has ever sought to hire freelance
graphic design talent online. Put yourself in their shoes and make the gig start-up process
easy on them.

Also, tell buyers to be as specific as possible in their instructions to you. Clear, upfront
communications help every project get off to a great start.

Step 6: Build Positive Relationships with Buyers

Delivering high-quality work on time is always going to make buyers happy. But there are
other steps you can take to build good working relationships with Fiverr buyers.

First, be responsive. Answer promptly when buyers reach out to hire you or if they ask any
questions. You’ll make your customers feel appreciated and think of you the next time they
want to find a graphic designer online.
And you’ve probably heard the phrase “under-promise, over-deliver.” That is an excellent
strategy for all of your freelance graphic design projects. Can you wrap the project up a day

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early? Buyers are sure to be impressed. How about adding in something extra—maybe
multiple sizes of the same image to save buyers time? Those little touches can have a
significant impact.

Step 7: Keep Learning New Skills

Every graphic artist and designer knows that the field is evolving all the time. You need to
keep up with trends and expand your software know-how. Cutting-edge skills will help you
stand out to buyers looking to hire graphic designers online.

Through education, you can take your career in any direction. As a new seller, you may
want to focus on a narrow niche like Fiver flyer design. Often, creating flyers is a great
path to start out as a freelance print designer. Over time, you can look to take on more
complex and strategic projects. You can transform yourself into a freelance digital designer
focused on websites, apps, or videos. Or you could become a freelance branding designer
who helps companies create their visual identity.

While every gig can help you learn, taking courses can help you level up your skills quickly.
Through Learn from Fiverr, you can access on-demand courses taught by knowledgeable
professionals. Fiverr offers a suite of Design and Branding courses, along with courses on
popular Adobe Creative Cloud software. You can even take courses in complementary
fields—such as digital marketing and storytelling—to make yourself even more valuable
to buyers.

Accelerate Your Freelance Graphic Design Career on Fiverr

Whether you’re a new designer or a seasoned veteran, you can give your freelance career
a boost on Fiverr. New companies and buyers sign on to Fiverr every day to hire freelance
graphic designers.

What are these buyers seeking from the Fiverr community? Anything you can imagine —
brochure design, game design, menu design—and much more.

If you’ve ever dreamed of finding success as a freelance graphic artist Fiver is the go-to
freelance marketplace for companies of all sizes who need a freelance graphic design
project completed. By following our seven steps for success, you can use Fiverr as the
springboard to a successful freelance graphic design career.

7 Steps for Freelance Graphic Design Success on Fiverr

1. Optimize Your Profile

2. Create Winning Fiverr Gigs
3. Showcase Your Best Work
4. Use Video to Make Your Talents and Personality Shine
5. Clarify Project Expectations Up Front
6. Build Positive Relationships with Buyers
7. Keep Learning New Skills

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 Self Check 6.1

Answer the following questions:

1 What is Online Marketplace?

Ans:

2 Write Some of leading online marketplace for graphic design?

Ans:

3 What required to sustain in marketplace?

Ans:

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 Answer Sheet 6.1
1. What is Online Marketplace?
Ans: An online marketplace is a type of e-commerce website where product
or service information is provided by multiple third parties.

2. Write Some of leading online marketplace for graphic design?

Ans: Some of leading online marketplace for graphic design-
•GraphicRiver
•Sutterstock
•UpWork
•Fiverr
•99design
•Behance
3. What required to sustain in marketplace?
Ans: 1 – Be Passionate About Graphic Design
2 – Learn the Software Necessary for Graphic Design
3 – Invest in The Tools Required by Graphic Designers
4 – Work Under a Mentor
5 – Expose Your Talent
6 – Enroll on Websites That Provide Graphic Design Gigs
7 – Create an Online Portfolio
8 – Request for Referrals

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 Review of Competency
Below is yourself assessment rating for module “Applying Graphic Design Concepts and
Guidelines”
S/N Assessment of performance Criteria Yes No
1. Types of graphic design are comprehended.
2. Uses of graphic design are identified.
3. Structure of graphics are interpreted.
4. Software for graphic design is identified.
5. Basic design guidelines are Interpreted.
6. Design brief is interpreted.
7. Appropriate Image modification software is identified and opened.
8. Image sources are identified.
9. Images are successfully Imported from appropriate source.
10. Image separation tools are identified and applied.
11. Separated image is saved.
12. Image properties are identified.
13. Image resolution are identified and interpreted.
14. Image format are identified and selected.
15. Required designs are specified.
16. Appropriate shape and size are identified.
17. Content area is defined.
18. Contents are inserted and composed.
19. Shapes are modified as per requirements.
20. Typographical design is applied as per requirements.
21. Font attributes are applied as per requirements.
22. Design and color are applied as per requirements.
23. Design is saved in appropriate file format.
24. Local and international graphic design and Desktop Publishing (DTP) houses are
identified.
25. Positions/jobs in the graphic design sector are identified.
26. Hands on graphics arts designer are identified.
27. Graphic design and DTP houses are visited on site and through the internet.
28. Source of carrier opportunities are identified.
29. Account opening procedure is interpreted.
30. Standard profile structure is outlined.
31. Bidding procedure for the jobs are interpreted.
32. Design submission procedure is interpreted.
33. Payment collection methods are identified.
I now feel ready to undertake my formal competency assessment.
Signed:

Date:

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Development of CBLM:

The Competency Based Learning Material (CBLM) of ‘Apply graphic design concepts and
guidelines’ (Occupation: Graphic Design, Level-3) for National Skills Certificate is developed
by NSDA with the assistance of SIMEC System, ECF consultancy & SIMEC Institute JV (Joint
Venture Firm) in the month of June 2023 under the contract number of package SD-9A dated
07th May 2023.

Sl No. Name & Address Designation Contact number

1 Fatema Tuj Johura Arzu Writer 01912 464 747

2 Tania Akter Editor 01614 716 192

3 Md. Amir Hossain Co-Ordinator 01631 670 445

4 Md. Saif Uddin Reviewer 01723 004 419

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