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Week 6

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16 views5 pages

Week 6

Uploaded by

amrazaryab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Notes

Hafsa Jameel

Oct, 2024

Contents
1 Partial Derivatives 2
1.1 Partial Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Practice Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1
1 Partial Derivatives
1.1 Partial Derivatives
Consider the function z = f (x, y) of two independent variables x and y and
extend the conceptof ordinary derivative of the function of one variable to
the function z = f (x, y) by keeping y constant while taking derivative with
respect to x and keeping x constant while taking derivative with respect to
y. This way we had two different derivatives and to distinguish them one
is called partial derivative of z = f (x, y) with respect to x denoted by one
∂z ∂f
of the symbols , , fx (x, y), Dx f , and 2nd is the partial derivative of
∂x ∂x
∂z ∂f
z = f (x, y) with respect to y denoted by one of the symbols , , fy (x, y),
∂y ∂y
Dy f .

1.2 Examples

Example 1
Determine the partial derivative of the function: f (x, y) = 3x + 4y.

Solution
To find ∂f /∂x, keep y as constant and differentiate the function:

∂f
= 3+0 (derivative of constant term = 0)
∂x
∂f
= 3
∂x
To find ∂f /∂y, keep y as constant and differentiate the function:

∂f
= 0+4 (derivative of constant term = 0)
∂y
∂f
= 4
∂y

2
Example 2
Find the partial derivative of f (x, y) = x2 y + sin x + cos y.

Solution
To find ∂f /∂x, keep y as constant and differentiate the function:

∂f
= (x2 )′ y + (sin x)′ + (cos y)′
∂x
∂f
= 2xy + cos x + 0
∂x
= 2xy + cos x

To find ∂f /∂y, keep x as constant and differentiate the function:

∂f
= x2 (y)′ + (sin x)′ + (cos y)′
∂y
∂f
= x2 + 0 − sin y
∂x
= x2 − sin y

Example 3
Find the partial derivative of f (x, y) = x3 + 3xy with respect to x.

Solution

∂f
= (x3 )′ + (3xy)′
∂x
= 3x2 + 3y

3
Example 4
Find the partial derivative of f (x, y) = sin(xy) + 3xy with respect to y.

Solution

∂f
= (sin(xy))′ + (3xy)′
∂y
= cos(xy) × (xy)′ + 3x(y)′
= x cos(xy) + 3x

Example 5
2 +y 2
Find the partial derivative of f (x, y) = ex with respect to x.

Solution

∂f 2 2
= ex +y (x2 + y 2 )′
∂x
2 2
= ex +y (2x + 0)
2 +y 2
= 2xex

1.3 Practice Problems


1. Find the partial derivative of u = y cos 2x with respect to y.

2. Find the partial derivative of u = x2 + y 2 − a2 with respect to x.

3. Find the partial derivative of f = x2 y + sin x + cos y with respect to x.

4
4. Find the partial derivative of f = x2 y + sin x + cos y with respect to y.

5. Find the partial derivative of f = x sin y + x cos y with respect to y.

Best of Luck

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