D15

SECTION A - LISTENING (30 points)

Part I – You will hear a short talk about a family-oriented hotel chain. For questions 1-5,
decide True (T) or False (F) according to what you hear (10 points).
Special Astor Group Family Holidays
1. The ‘Kids Eat Free’ package does not cover food ordered through room service.
2. The ‘Fun’ package is only offered between the months of May and September.
3. On the day of arrival guests get a 20% discount off all services.
4. Parents have to watch the children while they are participating in water sports.
5. ‘Kid-Suites’ rooms are specially designed so children have a separate play area.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Part II – You will hear part of a radio programme in which two people debate the
effectiveness of the ‘Investors in People' scheme. ‘Investors in People' is a scheme designed
to improve conditions and efficiency in the workplace. For questions 6-15, fill in the gaps
with a word or short phrase (10 points).
6. 'Investors in People’ is a scheme which promotes staff training and (6) ______________.
7. Ruth admits that the real reason why some companies want the IIP badge is that it is a
(7) ______________.
8. Companies who wish to be part of the ‘Investors in People' scheme must provide evidence of
(8) ______________ to the IIP authority.
9. Chris claims that some companies, in spite of following the required (9) ______________,
were not truly interested in improving conditions.
10. The IIP authority investigates every complaint, even the (10) ______________ ones.
11. Ruth argues that it isn't easy to (11) ______________ IIP standards compliance.
12. Chris mentions one law firm where staff training went on for only (12) ______________.
13. Chris suggests (13) ______________ in order for IIP to rebuild its reputation.
14. IIP organisations are required to go through assessment (14) ______________, although
many choose to do this at shorter intervals.
15. Ruth points out that employees can follow the (15) ______________ if they feel that IIP
standards are not upheld by their company.
Your answers:
6. 7.
8. 9.
10. 11.
12. 13.
14. 15.
Part III – You will hear a radio discussion about men's shopping habits. For questions 16-
20, choose the right answer A, B, C or D (10 points).
16. What does the term 'hobby shopping' suggest about men who love to shop?
A. They like non-traditional male pursuits.
B. They need more hobbies.
C. They have nothing better to do at the weekends.
D. They only have time to shop at weekends.
17. Why does Adam think men have changed their shopping habits?
A. Women have forced them to shop for themselves.
B. Women have to work on Friday nights.
C. Women now have different priorities.
D. Women prefer to go out on Friday nights rather than shop.

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18. According to Adam, how have men been affected by the change in women's role in society?
A. They have become interested in female pursuits.
B. They have become less masculine.
C. They have become more sympathetic towards women.
D. They have become more interested in sport.
19. What does Adam say about men's shopping habits in the past?
A. They rarely shopped alone.
B. They rarely tried on clothes before buying.
C. They rarely browsed before buying.
D. They rarely bought clothes the right size.
20. According to Adam, how have menswear shops changed?
A. Their sales staff have become more friendly.
B. There is a wider range of clothing to choose from.
C. They have learnt how to keep customers there as long as possible.
D. They have begun to sell other products.
Your answers:
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

SECTION B - PHONETICS (10 points)

Part I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
(5 points)
1. A. leisure B. occasion C. cosy D. usual
2. A. baths B. bathymetry C. clothier D. thaw
3. A. tear B. teasel C. tearful D. teargland
4. A. chemosphere B. chenille C. machine D. chauvinism
5. A. associate B. ancestor C. ancient D. sociable
Part II. Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the others in the group. (5 points)
6. A. responsibility B. originality C. accommodation D. mischievousness
7. A. appliance B. conscientious C. independent D. confidential
8. A. psychology B. environmental C. impossible D. photography
9. A. stimulate B. maximize C. interrupt D. register
10. A. appointment B. punishment C. publicity D. efficient
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION C - LEXICO & GRAMMAR (60 points)

Part I. Choose the word, phrase or expression that best completes each sentence. (20 points)
1. She believes that all countries should_________ the death penalty as it is inhumane.
A. put down to B. catch up on C. get down to D. do away with
2. Mr. Brown, whose house was __________last night, has reported the case to the local police.
A. run into B. broken into C. got into D. climbed into
3. The judge ___________the pedestrian for causing the accident.
A. accused B. charged C. criticized D. blamed
4. Successful athletes cannot afford to be _________; they need to stay cool and focused.
A. highly-paid B. highly-motivated C. highly-trained D. highly-strung
5. _____________that he took part in an armed robbery.
A. It is said B. People are said C. He is said D. It says
6._________the heavy rain, the garden party would have been a great success.
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A. Rather than B. Except for C. But for D. On account of
7. There were 50 scientists attending the conference, _________expressed their serious concern
with global warming.
A. most of them B. of whom mostly C. most of whom D. who’s mostly
8. He must have been very furious when he __________sight of you reading his diary.
A. took B. saw C. got D. caught
9. Their golden wedding anniversary marked an important _______in their happy marriage.
A. landmark B. pinpoint C. milestone D. turning
10. Excuse me but do you have much money _________your person? I am totally broke now.
A. in B. on C. with D. for
11. The _________at the stadium jumped up cheerfully when the home team scored the second
goal.
A. viewers B. spectators C. witnesses D. onlookers
12. Previous teaching experience is a necessary ____ for this job.
A. subtraction B. extinction C. distractionD. qualification
13. __________in 1607, Jamestown in Virginia was the first settlement in the New World.
A. It was initially founded B. Being initially founded
C. Having initially been founded D. Initially founded
14. There's an increased ____ for organic produce these days.
A. success B. prepare C. demand D. complete
15. I do really like your chicken soup. Can I show me the __________?
A. recipe B. ingredient C. prescription D. cookery
16. Before you finish this project, check ______ your supervisor for further instructions
A. on B. on with C. back with D. up
Choose the word that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following
sentences
Question 17: It is believed that the plane crash was caused by electrical malfunction of its
navigation system.
A. breaking through B. breaking in C. breaking down D. breaking up
Question 18. Many people criticized the ostentatious lifestyle of some high-ranked officials.
A. debauched B. immoral C. showy D. extravagant
Choose the word that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following
sentences
Question 19: I don’t know what they are going to ask in the job interview. I’ll just play it by ear.
A. plan well in advance B. be careful about it C. listen to others saying D. do not plan
beforehand
Question 20. He is extremely smart. He’s head and shoulders above anyone else in the class.
A. more clever than B. superior to C. inferior to D. better than
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Part II. Give the correct form of words in brackets to complete the following sentences. (10
points)
The Always - On Generation
From the very (1) of its existence, social media as a means of 1. SET
communication has (2) revolutionized the way we interact with 2. DOUBT
each other. This is particularly true with the advent of the smartphone, 3. LIMIT
allowing (3) 4. GENERATE

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 access. As a result, we now have a (4) permanently 5. CONNECT
switched on and plugged in. But have technology and global (5)
helped us or hindered us? Telecoms companies may claim that 6. BREAK
their services encourage a(n) (6) of social 7. PERCEIVE
barriers by bringing us closer together. However, a negative side-effect is
emerging. Fear of missing out (FOMO), the (7) that one is
being left out of wonderful experience, is causing people to constantly and
almost
(8) check their social media accounts. This compulsive behavior is a 8. VOLUNTARY
surprisingly common(9) and a worrying by-product of the (10) process of 9. OCCUR
online communities. 10. EVOLVE
Your answers:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
Part III. The passage below contains 10 mistakes. IDENTIFY and CORRECT these ten
mistakes. Write your answer on the numbered blanks given below. (10 points)
It seems that the mystery of why the Pyramids were built may have solved. Until quite
recently people got used to think that they were just tombs for pharaohs. Instead, the connection
with astronomy seem much more important. Egyptologists have often asked them how long it
spent to build them and why people built them in first place. Experts came up with a suggestion
that the Egyptians may have believed in the River Nile was the earthly equivalent of the Milky
Way. Many agree that the sizes of the three Giza Pyramids are in propotion to the three stars of
Orion. Nothing, then, was by the chance. Rather, the souls of dead pharaohs were deliberatedly
being project through shafts to reach at their goal of the Orion constellation.
Your answers:
No Mistake Correction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Part IV. Give the correct tense or form of the verbs in the brackets. (10 points)
1. The faulty goods had better (return) ________ to the shop by Friday.
2. This castle (must /build)______ over 200 years ago.
3. Recent advances in human embryology and genetic engineering (raise)________ the issue of
how this knowledge ought to be used.
4. There are two main areas in which such research (regard)_______ as being beneficial, and the
first of these is in the field of conception.
5. The second area is that of research into genetically (transmit)________ diseases.
6. This time next week, he (attend)_______ a press conference in Geneva.

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7. I’m on the island for my two -week vacation and I (love)______ every minute of it.
8. They (should /let)__________ us know they were changing their plans.
9. He is exhausted because he (ski)________all day.
10. He was the first suspect (question)______.
Your answers:
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.

Part V. Fill in the gap with ONE suitable word. (10 points)
1. I was taking a quiet walk last night when, all of a __________, there was a cloud explosion.
2. There were a few things I didn't like about his class, but by and _______ I enjoyed it.
3. " Can I have another sandwich?" " _ Sure, be my ________. I made plenty."
4. Actors and actresses must know their lines by ____________.
5. Their team won the game but they by no ________ dominated it. It was a very close game.
6. " What a boring party. no one is talking to one another." " Maybe we should put on some
music and start dancing. That might ______ the ice."
7. " you're taking five classes this term?" " Yes, and I'm having trouble getting caught up. I'm
afraid I bit off more than I could ________."
8. You look tired . Why don't we call it a ________ and finish up tomorrow.
9. I was looking some information in the almanac when I came ______ an interesting fact.
10. How did you come up _______ such a strange idea.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION D - READING (50 points)

Part I. Complete the following passage with ONE suitable word. (10 points)
The volume of the traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes
many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents.
Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to (1) ______ people to change their
habits and leave their cars at home.
One possible (2) ______ is to make it more expensive for people to use their car by increasing
charges for parking and (3) ______ in tougher fines for anyone who (4) ______ the law. In
addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day.
This system, known as ‘road pricing’, is ready being introduced in a number of cities, using a
special electronic card (5) ______ to the windscreen of the car.
Another way of (6) ______ with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the (7) ______ of
the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the center. Drivers and their
passengers then use a special bus service for the rest (8) ______ stage of their journey.
Of course, the most important thing is to provide good public transport. However, to get people
to (9) ______ up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be left to be reliable, convenient
and comfortable, with fares (10) ______ at an acceptable.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Part II. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer for each question. (20
points)
Paul Bunyan is perhaps America’s best-known folk hero. A fictional logger of
incredible strength, he was most likely based on an actual nineteenth-century logger
from the northern United States or Canada. As a folk hero, he struck a chord with
Line Americans on some level, perhaps because he was incredibly strong but also because
(5) he was hard-working and capable, ingenious in solving problems, and fun-loving.
Though there is evidence that Paul Bunyan tales were part of oral tradition in the
nineteen century, Paul Bunyan stories did not appear in written form until the early
twentieth century. Journalist James McGillivray included descriptions of Bunyan in a
series of essay entitled “The Round River Drive” which appeared in a number of
(10) Midwestern newspapers between 1906 and 1910. However, it was through an extensive
advertising campaign that Paul Bunyan moved solidly into print.
Recognizing the appeal of Paul Bunyan as a figure for his company’s
advertising, William Laughead, an advertising executive for the Red River Lumber
Company, initiated a campaign that consisted of a series of publications featuring Paul
(15) Bunyan. For several decades, the company distributed these publications free of charge
and made no attempt to obtain a copyright on them. In fact, the company vigorously
encouraged other writers to make use of Paul Bunyan because it felt that the use of this
character enhanced the name recognition of the Red River Lumber Company inasmuch
as the name of the folk hero and the name of the company had become interwoven.
(20) The Bunyan stories published by Red River and further circulated by others
were tall tales of gigantic proportions. In these tales, Banyan is depicted as a man of
superhuman proportions, who is strong, hard-working, entrepreneurial, and innovative.
In one story, for example, Paul is credited with digging the Great Lakes in order to
create a watering hole for his giant ox, Babe. In another of these tales, Paul caused an
(25) entire winter of blue snow to fall by swearing a blue streak after he injured himself by
smashing his thumb with a large hammer. A third story in the series describes Paul’s
role in establishing the Mississippi River.
Fascination with Paul Bunyan has continued to grow, and today he is a standard
of American folklores. The prevalence of Bunyan as a figure of folklore today is
evidenced by references to him in countless stories, cartoons, poems, and songs as well
as the numerous community festivals and logging competitions featuring Paul Bunyan
that can be found throughout the sections of the country where logging has strong
tradition.
1. The purpose of this passage is to ______.
A. present the actual feats of a real-life logger
B. provide an overview of American folktales
C. describe logging in North America
D. discuss a “larger than life” folk hero
2. It is NOT stated in the passage that Paul Bunyan is known for his ______.
A. unusual strength B. dedication to work
C. ingenuity in difficult situations D. serious nature
3. The passage states that Paul Bunyan tales first appeared ______.
A. in oral stories B. in advertising C. in newspapers D. in a series of essays
4. Which of the following CANNOT be inferred about the Red River Lumber Company’s
advertising campaign featuring Paul Bunyan?
A. It endured for quite a time.
B. The company did not protect its ownership of the stories.
C. The campaign did little to enhance the company’s profitability.

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 D. The company wanted the name Paul Bunyan to be known as widely as possible.
5. The pronoun “them” in line 14 refers to ______.
A. publications B. series C. decades D. writers
6. The word “interwoven” in line 17 could be best replaced by ______.
A. unfashionable B. mixed together C. not compatible D. too separate
7. Where in the passage does the author discuss a weather phenomenon that Paul Bunyan
supposedly caused?
A. Lines 3-5 B. Lines 14-17 C. lines 20-23 D. Lines 25-
29
8. The word “countless” in line 27 could be best replaced by the expression ______.
A. an overestimated number of B. an insubstantial number of
C. a large number of D. a specified number of
9. Which paragraph describes the plots of some of the tales of Paul Bunyan?
A. The second paragraph B. The third paragraph
C. The fourth paragraph D. The fifth paragraph
10. The author’s tone in this passage is ______.
A. humorous B. neutral C. sarcastic D. pessimistic
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part III. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (20 points)
A new study finds that half of human cultures don't practice romantic lip-on-lip kissing.
Animals don't tend to bother either. So how did it evolve?
When you think about it, kissing is strange and a bit icky. You share saliva with someone,
sometimes for a prolonged period of time. One kiss could pass on 80 million bacteria, not all of
them good.
Yet everyone surely remembers their first kiss, in all its embarrassing or delightful detail, and
kissing continues to play a big role in new romances.
At least, it does in some societies. People in western societies may assume that romantic
kissing is a universal human behaviour, but a new analysis suggests that less than half of all
cultures actually do it. Kissing is also extremely rare in the animal kingdom.
So what's really behind this odd behaviour? If it is useful, why don't all animals do it – and all
humans too? It turns out that the very fact that most animals don't kiss helps explain why some
do.
According to a new study of kissing preferences, which looked at 168 cultures from around
the world, only 46% of cultures kiss in the romantic sense.
Previous estimates had put the figure at 90%. The new study excluded parents kissing their
children, and focused solely on romantic lip-on-lip action between couples.
Many hunter-gatherer groups showed no evidence of kissing or desire to do so. Some even
considered it revolting. The Mehinaku tribe in Brazil reportedly said it was "gross". Given that
hunter-gatherer groups are the closest modern humans get to living our ancestral lifestyle, our
ancestors may not have been kissing either.
The study overturns the belief that romantic kissing is a near-universal human behaviour, says
lead author William Jankowiak of the University of Nevada in Las Vegas. Instead it seems to be a
product of western societies, passed on from one generation to the next, he says. There is some
historical evidence to back that up.
Kissing as we do it today seems to be a fairly recent invention, says Rafael Wlodarski of the
University of Oxford in the UK. He has trawled through records to find evidence of how kissing

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has changed. The oldest evidence of a kissing-type behaviour comes from Hindu Vedic Sanskrit
texts from over 3,500 years ago. Kissing was described as inhaling each other's soul.
In contrast, Egyptian hieroglyphics picture people close to each other rather than pressing their
lips together.
So what is going on? Is kissing something we do naturally, but that some cultures have
suppressed? Or is it something modern humans have invented?
We can find some insight by looking at animals.
Our closest relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, do kiss. Primatologist Frans de Waal of
Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, has seen many instances of chimps kissing and hugging
after conflict.
For chimpanzees, kissing is a form of reconciliation. It is more common among males than
females. In other words, it is not a romantic behaviour.
Their cousins the bonobos kiss more often, and they often use tongues while doing so. That's
perhaps not surprising, because bonobos are highly sexual beings.
When two humans meet, we might shake hands. Bonobos have sex: the so-called bonobo
handshake. They also use sex for many other kinds of bonding. So their kisses are not particularly
romantic, either.
These two apes are exceptions. As far as we know, other animals do not kiss at all. They may
nuzzle or touch their faces together, but even those that have lips don't share saliva or purse and
smack their lips together. They don't need to.
Take wild boars. Males produce a pungent smell that females find extremely attractive. The
key chemical is a pheromone called androstenone that triggers the females' desire to mate.
From a female's point of view this is a good thing, because males with the most androstonene
are also the most fertile. Her sense of smell is so acute, she doesn't need to get close enough to
kiss the male.
The same is true of many other mammals. For example, female hamsters emit a pheromone
that gets males very excited. Mice follow similar chemical traces to help them find partners that
are genetically different, minimising the risk of accidental incest.
Animals often release these pheromones in their urine. "Their urine is much more pungent,"
says Wlodarski. "If there's urine present in the environment they can assess compatibility through
that."
It's not just mammals that have a great sense of smell. A male black widow spider can smell
pheromones produced by a female that tell him if she has recently eaten. To minimise the risk of
being eaten, he will only mate with her if she is not hungry.
The point is, animals do not need to get close to each other to smell out a good potential mate.
On the other hand, humans have an atrocious sense of smell, so we benefit from getting close.
Smell isn't the only cue we use to assess each other's fitness, but studies have shown that it plays
an important role in mate choice.
A study published in 1995 showed that women, just like mice, prefer the smell of men who are
genetically different from them. This makes sense, as mating with someone with different genes
is likely to produce healthy offspring. Kissing is a great way to get close enough to sniff out your
partner's genes.
In 2013, Wlodarski examined kissing preferences in detail. He asked several hundred people
what was most important when kissing someone. How they smelled featured highly, and the
importance of smell increased when women were most fertile.
It turns out that men also make a version of the pheromone that female boars find attractive. It is
present in male sweat, and when women are exposed to it their arousal levels increase slightly.
Pheromones are a big part of how mammals chose a mate, says Wlodarski, and we share some
of them. "We've inherited all of our biology from mammals, we've just added extra things
through evolutionary time."

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 On that view, kissing is just a culturally acceptable way to get close enough to another person
to detect their pheromones.
In some cultures, this sniffing behaviour turned into physical lip contact. It's hard to pinpoint
when this happened, but both serve the same purpose, says Wlodarski.
So if you want to find a perfect match, you could forego kissing and start smelling people
instead. You'll find just as good a partner, and you won't get half as many germs. Be prepared for
some funny looks, though.
Questions 1-5: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage? Write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVENif there is no information on this
1. Both Easter and Wester societies presume that kissing is essential for any part of the world.
2. Our ancestors were not likely to kiss.
3. Chimpanzees and bonbons kiss not for the romance.
4. There are other animal, rather than apes, that kiss.
5. Scent might be important in choosing your partner.
Questions 6-9: Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
6. According to the Mehinaku tribe, kissing is …………..
7. Human tradition is to …………………. when they meet.
8. A male black widow will mate with the female if only she is
9. Humans benefit from getting close due to the fact that we have an ………………of smell.
Question 10: Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
10. Passage 3 can be described as:
A. Strictly scientific text
B. Historical article
C. Article from a magazine
D. Dystopian sketch
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

SECTION E - WRITING (50 points)

Part I. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in
meaning to the sentence printed before it. (10 points)
1. Return the product to the shop if you have any complaints about it.
 Should ___________________________________________________________________
2. It’s almost nine months since I stopped subscribing to that magazine.
 I cancelled ________________________________________________________________
3. Her success went beyond her expectation.
 Never ____________________________________________________________________
4. His fondness for the game increased with his proficiency.
 The more _________________________________________________________________
5. They will not announce the findings until next week.
 No announcement __________________________________________________________
Part II. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning, using the words
given. These words must not be changed in any way. (10 points)
1. John inflated the types of his bicycle. (blew)
 …………………………………………………………………………….

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 2. We’d better leave them a note, because it’s possible they’ll arrive later (case)
 …………………………………………………………………………….
3. He speaks German extremely well (command)
 …………………………………………………………………………….
4. I can’t understand why they are reluctant to sign the contract (baffled)
 …………………………………………………………………………….
5. I always find chess problems like that quite impossible (defeat)
 …………………………………………………………………………….
Part III. Write an essay of about 250 words to express your opinion on the following topic.
(30 points)
Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions one will make in life. What are the
three most important factors that one should take into consideration when choosing a career?
Write an essay about 220 words to answer the question.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or
experience.
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