PRACTICE TEST 177

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS)

PART I: GRAMMAR AND STUCTURES (5 pts)
Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. Playing computer games for 12 hours every day ……… him exhausted.
A. make B. making . C. makes D. made
2. I am going to have my eye……..tomorrow.
A. to test B. test C. testing D. tested
3._______ appears considerably larger at the horizon than it does overhead is merely an optical illusion.
A. When the Moon B. That the Moon C. The Moon D. The Moon which
4.___________ my father sat down for lunch than there was a knock at the door.
A. Hardly had B. No sooner had C. At no time had D. Never before had
5. I'd rather you _______home now
A. go B. went C. going D. gone
6. Richard, my neighbor, in World War II.
A. says to fight B. says to have fought C. is said to fight D. is said to have fought
7. In the wake of increasing food poisoning, many consumers have turned to vegetables ______ organically.
A. that grown B. grown C. which grows D. are grown
8. She took a course in fine arts ______ starting her own business in interior design.
A. with a view to B. in terms of C. in order to D. with reference to
9.______ they are delicious, hamburgers and French fries are too high in fat.
A. However B. Although C. Because D. Despite
10. It turned out that we ______ rushed to the airport as the plane was delayed by several hours.
A. hadn’t B. should have C. mustn’t D. needn’t have

PART II: PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 pts)

Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. John is an interesting man. He can always ………..
A. make you up B. cheer you up C. bring you up D. get you up
2.I've always got _____ well with old people.
A. off B. on C. in D. through
3.The elevator is not running today. It is ________ order.
A. to B. out C. out of D. in
4.Pasteur devoted all his life _______ science.
A. for B. in C. on D. to
5. Were you aware _____ the regulations against smoking in this area ?
A. in B. with C. of D. about
6. If you have anything important to do, do it straight away. Don't put it ______.
A. on B. off C. over D. up
7. Because of the drought, the villagers are ___need of fresh water.
A. .at B. .of C. in D. from
8. You should try to keep up .............the other students in your class.
A. to B. with C. for D. about
9. That fellow violated the rules, but he apparently got away................it.
A. to B. with C. of D. for
10. She _______ her father; everyone says how alike they are!
A. takes after B. takes off C. falls out D. lets off
PART III: VOCABULARY (10 pts)
Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. It’s not my_______ to tell you how to run your life, but I think you should settle down and have a family.
A. work B. chore C. job D. career
2. He set one alarm-clock for five o’clock and the other for five past so as to _____ that he did not oversleep.
A. assure B. ensure C. insure D. reassure
3. She loved tennis and could watch it till the _____ came home.
A. she B. everyone C. horses D. cows

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4. Salt and ice can be used to _______ food.
A. contaminate B. pollute C. include D. preserve
5. After the water workers went on strike, there was a___ of water.
A. drain B. shortage C. loss D. decrease
6. I am not able to go anywhere this weekend because I am up to my….in work.
A. neck B. nose C. head D. eyes
7.She used to ………. her living by delivering vegetables to local hotels.
A. have B. win C. earn D. get
8. I felt so much better, my doctor ………… me to take a holiday by the sea.
A. suggested B. advised C. accepted D. considered
9.The film was finished in the _______ of time to be shown at the festival.
A. nick B. moment C. right D. just
10.We believe that these animals could be saved if our plan were …………
A. adopted B. taken up C. practised D. exploited

PART IV: GUIDED CLOZE (10 pts)

Read the text below and decide which answer (A,B,C or D) best fits each gap.
Passage A:
COCOA MIGHT PREVENT MEMORY DECLINE

Drinking cocoa every day may help older people keep their brains healthy, research suggests. A study of 60
elderly people with no dementia found two cups of cocoa a day ____(1)______ blood flow to the
brain in those who had problems to start with. Those participants whose blood flow improved also did better on
memory tests at the end of the study, the journal Neurology reported. Experts said more research was needed
before conclusions could be _____________ (2). It is not the first time cocoa has been linked with vascular
health and researchers believe that this is in part __________ (3) its being rich in flavanols, which are thought
to have an important role. In the latest study, researchers asked 60 people with an average age of 73 to drink
two cups of cocoa a day - one group given high-flavanol cocoa and another a low-flavanol cocoa - and consume
no other chocolate.

Ultrasound tests at the start of the study showed 17 of them had impaired blood flow to the brain. There was no
difference between _________ (4) who drank flavanol-rich cocoa and those who had flavanol-poor cocoa. But
whichever drink they were given, 88% of those with impaired blood flow at the start of the study saw
improvements in blood flow and some _________ (5) tests, compared with 37% of people whose blood flow
was normal at the beginning of the study. MRI scans in 24 participants found that people with impaired blood
flow were also more likely to have tiny areas of brain ____________ (6). The researchers said the lack of
difference between the flavanol-rich and flavanol-poor cocoa could be because another component of the drink
was having an __________ (7) or because only small __________ (8) were needed. Dr Simon Ridley, head of
research at Alzheimer's Research UK, said this was a small study but that it added to a wealth __________ (9)
evidence. "A cocoa-based treatment would likely be very popular, but it's too soon to draw any conclusions
about its effects. One drawback of this study is the lack of a control group for comparison, and we can't tell
whether the results would have been different if the participants drank no cocoa at all.". But he added: "Poor
vascular health is a known risk factor for dementia, and understanding more about the links between vascular
problems and declining brain health could help the search for new treatments and _______ (10)."

1: A. made B. improved C. rose D. supported

2: A. drawn B. jumped C. leapt D. made
3: A. however B. due to C. in spite of D. in addition to
4: A. that B. the researchers C. those D. researchers
5: A. understanding B. concern C. cognitive D. relating
6: A. damage B. tissue C. activity D. function
7: A. effects B. effect C. affects D. affect
8: A. quantity B. quality C. amounts D. numbers
9: A. of B. in C. on D. at
10: A. protection B. defence C. cure D. prevention

Passage B
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 Women nowadays have more (1) _____ than those in the past. For example, our great grandmothers were not
allowed to go to school or to work to earn their own living. (2) _____, they had to depend on their husbands
financially. Modern women, on the contrary, can get good education, have their own careers, and (3) _____
their interests. They can even take good positions in politics if they are competent (4) _____ it. However,
women living in our modern society have their (5) _____, too. Today’s women work harder than their great
grandmothers so that they can gain the (6) _____ between working life and family life. Many people predict
that by 2032, most (7) _____ positions at work will be taken by women. Then, it is possible that women will
have more (8) _____ life because, (9) _____ in a very modern society, the women can’t (10) _____ their role in
the family.
1. A. advances B. advantages C. benefits D.conveniences
2.A. Therefore B. However C. As a result D. Although
3. A. pursue B. support C. promote D. stimulate
4. A. to B. at C. with D. of
5. A. obstacles B. disputes C. profits D. problems
6. A. equality B. stable C. balance D. steadiness
7. A. senior B. junior C. inferior D. superior
8. A. sheltered B. healthy C. strenuous D. active
9. A. though B. even C. ever D. never
10. A. perform B. adopt C. fulfill D. neglect

PART V: READING COMPREHENSION (10 pts)

Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question
Passage A:
Learning means acquiring knowledge of developing the ability to perform new behaviors. It is common to think
of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom,
and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to manipulate toys,
food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their
environments. They learn how to interact with their parents, siblings, friends, and other people important to
their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and
mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are
likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for interacting with other
children. After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives,
such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is
important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children.
Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain
experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of
learning to influence the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who
study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the
brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more
interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.
There are many forms of learning, ranging from simple to complex. Simple forms of learning involve a single
stimulus. A stimulus is anything perceptible to the senses, such as a sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste. In a
form of learning known as classical conditioning, people learn to associate two stimuli that occur in sequence,
such as lightning followed by thunder. In operant conditioning, people learn by forming an association between
a behavior and its consequences (reward or punishment). People and animals can also learn by observation –
that is, by watching others perform behaviors. More complex forms of learning in clued learning languages,
concepts, and motor skills.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is learning in broad view comprised of?
A. Knowledge acquisition and ability development
B. Acquisition of academic knowledge
C. Acquisition of social and behavioural skills
D. Knowledge acquisition outside the classroom
2. According to the passage, what are children NOT usually taught outside the classroom?
A. Interpersonal communication B. Life skills
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C. Literacy and calculation D. Right from wrong
3. Getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job are mentioned in paragraph 2 as examples
of .
A. The changes to which people have to orient themselves
B. The situations in which people cannot teach themselves
C. The areas of learning which affect people’s lives
D. The ways people’s lives are influenced by education
4. Which of the following can be inferred about the learning process from the passage?
A. It becomes less challenging and complicated when people grow older.
B. It plays a crucial part in improving the learner’s motivation in school.
C. It takes place more frequently in real life than in academic institutions.
D. It is more interesting and effective in school than that in life.
5. According to the passage, the study of learning is important in many fields due to .
A. The influence of various behaviours in the learning process
B. The great influence of the on-going learning process
C. The exploration of the best teaching methods
D. The need for certain experiences in various areas
6. It can be inferred from the passage that social workers, employers, and politicians concern themselves with
the study of learning because they need to .
A. Thoroughly understand the behaviours of the objects of their interest
B. Understand how a stimulus relates to the senses of the objects of their interest
C. Change the behaviours of the objects of their interest towards learning
D. Make the objects of their interest more aware of the importance of learning
7. The word “retrieves” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .
A. Generates B. creates C. gains D. recovers
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with the brain’s storage of knowledge.
B. Psychologists are all interested in memory as much as behaviours.
C. Psychologists studying learning are interested in human behaviours.
D. Psychologists studying memory are concerned with how the stored knowledge is used.
9. According to the passage, the stimulus in simple forms of learning .
A. is created by the senses B. is associated with natural phenomena
C. makes associations between behaviours D. bears relation to perception
10. The passage mainly discusses .
A. General principles of learning
B. Application of learning principles to formal education
C. Simple forms of learning
D. Practical examples of learning inside the classroom
Passage B:
An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such
quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very
flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in
England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a
far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge
of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future,
even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are
found in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical
reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These serve as an air purification scheme by
allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis, nature's output of these
compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities.
However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In such a region, human output
may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The result is an
increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear
will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The
actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little
until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the
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area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about
400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a
pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The economic impact of air pollution.
B. What constitutes an air pollutant.
C. How much harm air pollutants can cause.
D. The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere.
2. The word “adversely” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. negatively B. quickly C. admittedly D. considerably
3. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that__________.
A.water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas
B.most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled
C.the definition of air pollution will continue to change
D.a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities
4. The word “These” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to__________.
A. the various chemical reactions B. the pollutants from the developing Earth
C. the compounds moved to the water or soil D. the components in biogeochemical cycles
5. For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?
A. They function as part of a purification process.
B.They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants.
C. They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants.
D. They have existed since the Earth developed.
6. According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized regions .
A. can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants
B. can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants
C. will damage areas outside of the localized regions
D. will react harmfully with natural pollutants
7. The word “localized” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. specified B. circled C. surrounded D. encircled
8. According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level of a substance is only useful
if .
A. the other substances in the area are known B. it is in a localized area
C. the natural level is also known D. it can be calculated quickly
9. The word “detectable” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. beneficial B. special C. measurable D. separable
10. Which of the following is best supported by the passage?
A. To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air pollution laws.
B. One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.
C. Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.
D. Human activities have been effective in reducing air pollution.

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 pts)

I. CLOZE TEST (20 pts)
Fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word.
Passage A:
During the teenage years, many young people can at (1)………… be difficult to talk to. They often seem to
dislike (2)………questioned. They may seem unwilling to talk about their work at school. This is a normal
development at this (3)………….. . Though it can be very hard for parents to (4)………, it is part of becoming
independent of teenagers trying to be adult while they are (5)………….growing up. Young people are usually
unwilling to talk if they believe that questions are trying to check up on them.
Parents should do their (6)………to talk to their son and daughter (7)………school, work, and future plans
but should not push them to talk if they do not (8)………to. Parents should also watch for danger signs. Some
young people in trying to be (9)………may experience with sex, drugs, alcohol or smoking. Parents need to
watch for any signs of unusual behavior which may be connected (10)………these and help if necessary.
Passage B:

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The human race is only one species of (1)………… in the living world. Many other species exist on this planet.
However, human beings have a great influence on the rest of the world. They are changing the environment (2)
…………. building cities and villages where forests once stood. They are affecting the water supply by using
water for industry and agriculture. They are changing weather conditions by cutting down trees in the forests
and are destroying the air by adding (3)…………. to it.
It can be said that human beings are changing the environment in all respects through their actions and
by their habits. This has (4)…………. in two serious consequences. The first is that many (5)…………. of
animals are killed. The second is that the environment where these animals are living is (6)………….
destroyed. As the result, the number of rare animals is decreasing so rapidly that they are in danger of becoming
extinct.
In order to make sure that these rare animals do not disappear, (7)……… have been made to protect
endangered nature. Scientists have made lists of these species and suggested ways to save them. Many
organizations have been set up and funds have been raised. Thousands of (8)………… parks all over the world
have been established to protect endangered animals. Laws have been introduced to prohibit (9)………….
endangered animals and destroying the (10)…………. where animals are living.
If people’s interference with the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce
offspring. The earth will be a happy planet where human beings, animals and plants peacefully co-exist.
II. WORD FORMATION (20 pts)
Part 1: Supply the correct form of the word in capital letters. (10 pts)
1. She’s extremely ……………. about modern art. KNOWLEDGE
2. If your luggage is very ……………… you’ll have to pay an excess charge. WEIGHT
3. On the way to the country we sometimes stopped to admire the
…………scenery. PICTURE
4. I ………… met an old friend last week. EXPECT
5. Is it possible to …………… between hobby and an interest. DISTINCT
6. There were complaints from …………… residents . NEAR
7. Great ………… have been taken to ensure the safety of passengers. PAINFUL
8. Jim is one of the most ……………. members of the committee. SPEAK
9. We are continuing to pour billions of tons of ……………… into the
atmosphere every year. POLLUTE
10. She lost the case because of her …………… evidence. ADMIT

Part 2:Supply the correct forms of the words in the capital letters to fit each gap.
Second Language Learning
There has been much debate in recent times about when young
people should take up a second language. This has been especially
fuelled in recent times by the increasing ………(1)…………… 1. IMPORTANT
placed on the English language. It is now commonplace to see
parents providing a substantial amount of ……(2)………………… 2. FUNDING
on additional tuition on language lessons to give their children
every………(3)………..edge. In the past decade, language institutes 3. COMPETITION
have sprung up in ……………(4)……….urban centres, all claiming 4. NUMBER
to provide rapid…. (5) ……………..in English. There has been a 5. ADVANCED
push by many parents to expose their children to English in their
formative years. This, many claim, will make the language
more…. (6) …………….and ensure that all pronunciation errors 6. INSTINCT
can be avoided. There is some evidence which points to youngsters
who have been raised in ……(7)……… families, where the 7. LANGUAGE
language spoken at home is different to the one that they
…. (8) ………………with in their external environment. While 8. CONVERSATION
these children can switch between two languages with greater … (9)
………………… , it remains to be seen whether this is… (10) 9. EASY
……………………….. when learning additional languages. 10. ADVANTAGE

III- ERROR CORECTION (10 pts)

There are ten mistakes in the following paragraph. Find them and correct them.

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People are destroying the Earth. The seas and rivers are so dirty to swim in. There is so much smoke in the air
that it is healthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well-known city, for example, poison gases from
cars pollute the air so much that policeman have to wear oxygen masks. We have cut on so many trees that
there are now vast areas of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa can not grow
enough to eat. In some countries in Asian there is so little rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care of the
countryside. Wild animals are quick diappearing. For instance, tigers is rare in India now because we have
killed too much for them to survive. However, it isn’t so simple to talk about a problem. We must act now
before it is too late to do anything about it. Join us now!
ANSWER:
1._________________→ _________________
2._________________→ _________________
3._________________→ _________________
4._________________→ _________________
5._________________→ _________________
6._________________→ _________________
7._________________→ _________________
8._________________→ _________________
9._________________→ _________________
10._______________→ _________________

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20pts)

A. Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed
before it. (10 pts)

1. She didn’t pass the exam because of her serious illness.

Had she not _____________________________________________________.
2. Gary is proud of the fact that he is never late.
Gary prides _____________________________________________________.
3. She doesn’t intend to meet him any longer.
 She has ___________________________________________________
4. She never seems to succeed even though she studies much.
Much ____________________________________________________
5. They have reported that the number of people using acupuncture is increasing.
The number of ____________________________________________________

B. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that the second sentence
has the same meaning as the first one, using the word given. Do not change the form of the word given
(10pts).

1. I don’t think the television’s likely to blow up at any minute. ( LIKELIHOOD)

………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
2. We have made neither a profit nor a loss this year. (EVEN)
………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
3.You have said exactly the right thing. (NAIL)
………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
4.We must accept the fact that we have lost the golden opportunity. (TERMS)
………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
5.She is determined to become a doctor. (HEART)
………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
……………………………………THE END……………………