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Network Architecture PDF 1 - 10 CS UNIT 2

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36 views10 pages

Network Architecture PDF 1 - 10 CS UNIT 2

Uploaded by

Robert Bennett
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Architecture

Network Architecture

• The term architecture means the formation of


a structure, or an orderly, interconnected,
complex arrangement of parts.

• An architecture encompasses hardware,


software, data link controls, standards,
topologies, and protocols.
Network Architecture
What is network architecture? A more specific
definition

• Understanding of the relationships between


(architectural) components of the network.

• Network architecture guides the technical


design of the network, through the
application of high-level design principles to
the network building blocks.
Network Architecture
•Building blocks might view as:

•The physical entities (routers, switches, multiplexers, servers,


etc.) in the network, or
•Functional entities instead of physical entities. In doing so, the
set of high-level design principles that constitute the network
architecture is applied to how the network functions and
operates.

•Network functions are closely coupled to users, their


applications, and their devices.
•This allows user requirements to be directly represented in
the network architecture.
•Measures the network success, the success of a network
can be defined by how well user, application, and device
requirements are supported through these functions.
Ethenet
• Ethernet 10Base-5 and 10Base-2 used a bus
topology. Bus topologies were difficult to
maintain and troubleshoot.

• Modern Ethernet networks use a star topology


with an Ethernet hub, switch, or router at the
center of the star.

• It is still possible to create a two-node Ethernet


network in a bus topology using a null-Ethernet
cable between the two devices.
Ethenet
• An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of
Ethernet cable used to connect computing
devices together directly where they would
normally be connected via a network switch,
hub or router, such as directly connecting two
personal computers via their network
interface controllers.
FDDI
• Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) provides a 100 Mbit/s optical
standard for data transmission in a local area network that can
extend in range up to 200 kilometers (124 miles). FDDI logical
topology is a ring-based token network, it does not use the IEEE
802.5 token ring protocol as its basis; instead, its protocol is derived
from the IEEE 802.4 token bus timed token protocol. In addition to
covering large geographical areas, FDDI local area networks can
support thousands of users. As a standard underlying medium it
uses optical fiber, although it can use copper cable, in which case it
may be refer to as CDDI (Copper Distributed Data Interface). FDDI
offers both a Dual-Attached Station (DAS), counter-rotating token
ring topology and a Single-Attached Station (SAS), token bus passing
ring topology.
FDDI
• Token ring local area network (LAN)
technology is a local area network protocol
which resides at the data link layer (DLL) of
the OSI model. It uses a special three-byte
frame called a token that travels around the
ring. Token-possession grants the possessor
permission to transmit on the medium. Token
ring frames travel completely around the loop.
FDDI
• Token bus is a network implementing the token
ring protocol over a "virtual ring" on a coaxial
cable. A token is passed around the network
nodes and only the node possessing the token
may transmit. If a node doesn't have anything to
send, the token is passed on to the next node on
the virtual ring. Each node must know the
address of its neighbour in the ring, so a special
protocol is needed to notify the other nodes of
connections to, and disconnections from, the
ring.
FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)

• FDDI is a standard developed by the


American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) for transmitting data on optical
fibers
• Supports transmission rates of up to
200 Mbps
• Uses a dual ring
– First ring used to carry data at 100
Mbps
– Second ring used for primary backup in
case first ring fails
– If no backup is needed, second ring can
also carry data, increasing the data rate
up to 200 Mbps Source:http://burks.brighton.ac.uk/burks/pcinfo/hardware/ethernet/fddi.htm

• Supports up to 1000 nodes


• Has a range of up to 200 km

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