Project title : web based and Mobile app Ticket system for Dream Bus

Transportaion
Requirement analysis document 3.3.5 error handling and extreme
templet condition

1 . Introduction 3.3.6 quality issue

1.1 purpose of the system 3.3.7 System modification

1.2 scope of the system 3.3.8 Physical environment

1.3 objective and success criteria 3.3.9 security issue

of the project
3.3.10 Resource issue
2. current system
3.4. pseudo requirement
3.Proposed System
3.5. system model
3.1 overview
3.5.1 scenarios
3.2 Fundamental Requirement
3.5.2 use case model
3.3 nonfunctional requirement
3.5.3 object model
3.3.1 user interface and human
factor 3.5.3.1 data dictionary

3.3.2 documentation 3.5.3.2 class diagrams

3.3.3 hardware consideration 3.5.4 Dynamic models

3.3.4 performance characteristics 3.5.5 user interface - navigation

paths and screen mocks -ups
1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the System

The main goal of this system is to transform the conventional bus

ticketing process through the implementation of a reliable and easy-to-
use digital platform. The purpose of this platform is to optimize
operations, improve the customer experience, and increase revenue for
bus operators. Currently, in our country, many bus transportation
systems operate between regions without any digital platform for
booking. They rely solely on phone calls and bank transfers for
reservations. This system aims to transform their traditional approach
into a fully digitalized system.

1.2 Scope of the System

The system will encompass a comprehensive range of functionalities,

including:

User Management:

o User registration and profile management

o Secure login and authentication
o Password recovery and security measures


Route and Schedule Management:

o Real-time display of bus routes and schedules

o Dynamic updates to accommodate schedule changes
o Integration with GPS tracking systems for accurate location
information

Ticket Booking and Payment:

o Online booking of tickets with flexible payment options

o Integration with secure payment gateways
o E-ticket generation and delivery
o Seat selection and reservation
 o Group booking capabilities

Cancellation and Refunds:

o User-friendly cancellation process

o Refund policies and procedures
o Timely processing of refunds

Customer Support:

o Dedicated customer support channels (e.g., email, phone,

chat)
o Efficient query resolution and issue handling

Admin Dashboard:

o Centralized dashboard for managing routes, schedules, and

pricing
o Real-time monitoring of system performance and sales
o Analytics and reporting tools to track key metrics

1.3 Objectives and Success Criteria

Objectives:

 Efficiency: Minimize manual intervention and automate routine

tasks.
 Customer Satisfaction: Enhance customer experience through a
user-friendly and reliable platform.
 Revenue Generation: Increase revenue through efficient ticket
sales and upselling opportunities.
 Data-Driven Decision Making: Utilize data analytics to optimize
operations and marketing strategies.

Success Criteria:

 Successful deployment and smooth operation of the system.

 High user adoption rate and positive user feedback.
 Significant reduction in manual ticketing processes.
 Increased ticket sales and revenue generation.
  Improved customer satisfaction and loyalty.
 Accurate and timely data for informed decision-making.

By achieving these objectives and meeting the success criteria, the

system will contribute to the overall growth and profitability of the bus
operator.

2 .Current System

The prevailing bus ticketing system is characterized by a multitude of

inefficiencies and limitations, primarily stemming from its reliance on
manual processes. Some of the key challenges associated with the
current system include:

1. Manual Ticket Sales:

 Physical Ticket Counters: Tickets are predominantly sold at

physical ticket counters, requiring significant manpower and
leading to long queues, particularly during peak travel seasons.
 Limited Operational Hours: Ticket counters often have limited
operational hours, restricting passenger convenience and
flexibility.

2. Inefficient Payment Processes:

 Cash Transactions: Cash transactions are still prevalent, which can

be time-consuming, error-prone, and less secure.
 Mobile Money Transfer: While some operators accept mobile
money transfers, the process is often manual and requires
additional steps, such as manual confirmation and reconciliation.
This can slow down the booking process and lead to errors.

3. Limited Seat Availability Information:

 Outdated Information: Passengers often rely on outdated

information or have to physically visit ticket counters to check seat
availability, which can be inconvenient and time-consuming.
  Lack of Real-time Updates: Passengers may not be informed
about delays, cancellations, or route changes in a timely manner,
leading to inconvenience and frustration.

4. Poor Customer Experience:

 Long Wait Times: Manual processes can lead to long wait times at
ticket counters, especially during peak hours.
 Limited Customer Support: Traditional systems often lack efficient
customer support channels, making it difficult for passengers to
resolve issues or seek assistance.
 Lack of Transparency: The lack of a centralized digital system can
hinder transparency in pricing, schedules, and other relevant
information.

5. Operational Inefficiencies:

 Manual Data Entry: Manual data entry for ticket sales,

cancellations, and refunds is prone to human error and time-
consuming.
 Difficulty in Tracking Sales and Revenue: Manual record-keeping
can make it challenging to track sales, revenue, and other key
performance indicators.
 Limited Data Analysis: The absence of a centralized digital system
hinders data collection and analysis, making it difficult to identify
trends, optimize operations, and make informed decisions.
3. Proposed System

3.1 Overview

The proposed digital bus ticketing system is designed to revolutionize

the traditional bus ticketing process by offering a comprehensive, user-
friendly, and efficient solution. This innovative system will leverage
cutting-edge technology to address the limitations of the current system
and deliver a superior experience for both passengers and operators.

Key features and benefits of the proposed system include:

 Online Booking Platform: A robust online platform, accessible via

both web and mobile applications, will enable passengers to book
tickets conveniently from anywhere, at any time.
 Real-time Seat Availability and Pricing: The system will provide
real-time information on seat availability, pricing, and schedules,
empowering passengers to make informed decisions.
 Secure Payment Options: A variety of secure payment options,
including credit/debit cards, net banking, and mobile wallets, will
be integrated into the system to cater to diverse customer
preferences.
 E-Ticket Delivery: E-tickets will be delivered to passengers via
email or SMS, eliminating the need for physical tickets and
streamlining the boarding process.
 Personalized Customer Experience: The system will allow
passengers to create personalized profiles, save travel
preferences, and receive tailored recommendations based on
their past behavior.
  Efficient Customer Support: A dedicated customer support team
will be available to assist passengers with any queries, issues, or
concerns through various channels, such as phone, email, and live
chat.
 Data-Driven Insights: The system will collect and analyze data on
ticket sales, passenger preferences, and operational metrics to
provide valuable insights for decision-making.
 Mobile App: A user-friendly mobile app will offer on-the-go access
to booking, cancellations, real-time updates, and other essential
features.

3.2 Fundamental Requirements

The fundamental requirements for the proposed digital bus ticketing

system are as follows:

Core Functionalities

User Registration and Login:

o Allow users to create accounts and log in securely.

o Provide options for social media logins (e.g., Google,
Facebook).

Route and Schedule Information:

o Display real-time bus schedules, routes, and seat

availability.
o Enable users to search for routes based on origin,
destination, and travel date.
o Provide information on bus types, amenities, and travel
time.

Ticket Booking and Payment:

o Allow users to select their desired route, date, time, and

seat.
o Integrate with secure payment gateways to process online
payments (e.g., credit/debit cards, mobile wallets, net
banking).
 o Generate e-tickets and send them to users via email or SMS.

Ticket Cancellation and Refunds:

o Enable users to cancel tickets within a specified timeframe.

o Process refunds according to the cancellation policy.
o Provide clear refund policies and procedures.

Customer Support:

o Offer multiple channels for customer support, including

phone, email, and live chat.
o Provide timely and efficient resolution of customer queries
and issues.

Additional Features

 Real-time Bus Tracking:

o Integrate with GPS tracking systems to provide real-time

bus location information.
o Send notifications to passengers about delays,
cancellations, or route changes.

 Personalized Experience:

o Allow users to save their preferred routes, payment

methods, and other preferences.
o Offer personalized recommendations based on past travel
history.

 Loyalty Program:

o Implement a loyalty program to reward frequent customers

with discounts, points, and other benefits.

 Accessibility Features:

o Ensure the system is accessible to users with disabilities,

including visually impaired and hearing-impaired users.
3.3 Non-Functional Requirements

3.3.1 Performance Requirements

 Response Time: The system should respond to user requests

within a specified timeframe (e.g., 2 seconds) to ensure a
seamless user experience.
 Throughput: The system should be capable of handling a high
volume of concurrent users and transactions, particularly during
peak periods.
 Scalability: The system should be designed to scale horizontally
and vertically to accommodate future growth and increased
demand.
 Load Handling: The system should gracefully handle peak loads
and avoid performance degradation.

3.3.2 Security Requirements

 Data Confidentiality: Sensitive user data, such as personal

information and payment details, should be protected through
strong encryption techniques.
 Data Integrity: The system should maintain the integrity of data
by implementing appropriate data validation and error checking
mechanisms.
  Authentication and Authorization: Robust authentication and
authorization mechanisms should be implemented to protect user
accounts and system resources.
 Access Control: Access to sensitive system components should be
restricted to authorized personnel through role-based access
control.
 Regular Security Audits: Regular security audits and vulnerability
assessments should be conducted to identify and address security
risks.
 Incident Response Plan: A well-defined incident response plan
should be in place to handle security breaches and other security
incidents.

3.3.3 Reliability and Availability

 High Availability: The system should be designed to minimize

downtime and ensure continuous availability.
 Fault Tolerance: Redundancy mechanisms should be
implemented to prevent single points of failure.
 Disaster Recovery: A robust disaster recovery plan should be in
place to restore system operations in case of catastrophic events.
 Regular Maintenance: Regular maintenance and updates should
be performed to ensure optimal system performance and
security.

3.3.4 Usability

 User-Friendly Interface: The system should have a user-friendly

interface with intuitive navigation and clear information
presentation.
 Accessibility: The system should be accessible to users with
disabilities, adhering to accessibility standards (e.g., WCAG).
 Error Handling: Clear and informative error messages should be
displayed to guide users in resolving issues.
 Consistent User Experience: A consistent user experience should
be maintained across different devices and platforms.

3.3.5 Maintainability

 Modular Design: The system should be designed in a modular

manner, making it easier to maintain, update, and modify.
  Clear Documentation: Comprehensive documentation should be
available for both technical and end-user purposes.
 Testability: The system should be designed for easy testing and
debugging.
 Version Control: A version control system should be used to track
changes and facilitate collaboration.

By addressing these non-functional requirements, we can ensure that

the proposed digital bus ticketing system is reliable, secure, efficient,
and user-friendly.

3.3.1 User Interface and Human Factors

User Interface:

 Intuitive Design: The user interface should be simple, intuitive,

and visually appealing.
 Clear Navigation: Clear and consistent navigation elements should
be used to guide users through the system.
 Responsive Design: The system should be responsive and
adaptable to different screen sizes and devices (desktop, tablet,
mobile).
 Consistent Branding: A consistent brand identity should be
maintained throughout the system.

Human Factors:

 User-Centered Design: The system should be designed with the

user's needs and preferences in mind.
 Error Prevention: The system should minimize the potential for
user errors through clear instructions and error messages.
 Accessibility: The system should be accessible to users with
disabilities, adhering to accessibility standards (e.g., WCAG).
 Usability Testing: User testing should be conducted to identify
usability issues and make necessary improvements.
3.3.2 Documentation

Technical Documentation:

 System Architecture Documentation: Detailed documentation of

the system's architecture, including hardware, software, and
network components.
 Database Design: Comprehensive documentation of the database
schema, including tables, relationships, and data types.
 Code Documentation: Clear and concise comments within the
code to explain its functionality.
 API Documentation: Detailed documentation of APIs, including
endpoints, request/response formats, and error handling.

User Documentation:

 User Manuals: User-friendly manuals explaining how to use the

system, including step-by-step instructions and troubleshooting
tips.
 Online Help: In-app help and tutorials to assist users with
common tasks.
 FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions to address common user
queries.

Maintenance Documentation:

 Configuration Management: Detailed documentation of system

configurations and settings.
 Backup and Recovery Procedures: Clear instructions for backing
up and restoring the system.
 Security Procedures: Guidelines for maintaining system security
and responding to security threats.

3.3.3 Hardware Considerations

Server Hardware

 Processor: High-performance processor capable of handling

multiple concurrent requests.
 Memory (RAM): Sufficient RAM to accommodate the system's
workload and user sessions.
  Storage: High-capacity storage devices (e.g., SSDs) for efficient
data storage and retrieval.
 Network Interface Cards (NICs): High-speed network interfaces
for optimal network connectivity.

Network Infrastructure

 Reliable Network Connection: A robust and reliable network

infrastructure to ensure uninterrupted service.
 Network Security: Implementation of network security measures,
such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems.
 Load Balancing: Load balancing techniques to distribute traffic
across multiple servers and optimize performance.

Mobile Devices

 Compatibility: Compatibility with a wide range of mobile devices

and operating systems (iOS, Android).
 Performance Optimization: Optimized performance for mobile
devices, including efficient data usage and battery life.
 Push Notification Capabilities: Integration with push notification
services to deliver timely alerts and updates.

Data Center Considerations

 Physical Security: Secure data center facilities with controlled

access and surveillance.
 Environmental Control: Proper environmental conditions
(temperature, humidity) to ensure optimal hardware
performance.
 Redundancy: Redundant hardware components and network
connections to minimize downtime.
 Backup and Recovery: Regular backups and a robust disaster
recovery plan.

3.3.4 Performance Characteristics

Response Time

 Quick Response Times: The system should respond to user

requests promptly, with minimal delays.
  Optimized Database Queries: Efficiently designed database
queries to minimize response times.
 Asynchronous Processing: Utilize asynchronous processing
techniques to handle long-running tasks without blocking user
interactions.

Throughput

 High Throughput: The system should be able to handle a large

number of concurrent users and transactions.
 Load Balancing: Implement load balancing techniques to
distribute traffic across multiple servers.
 Caching Mechanisms: Utilize caching strategies to reduce
database load and improve response times.

Scalability

 Horizontal Scaling: The ability to add more servers to handle

increased load.
 Vertical Scaling: The ability to upgrade server hardware to
improve performance.
 Elastic Scaling: The ability to automatically adjust resources based
on demand.

Reliability and Availability

 High Availability: The system should be highly available, with

minimal downtime.
 Fault Tolerance: Implement redundancy and failover mechanisms
to minimize the impact of hardware and software failures.
 Regular Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of system
performance and health.
 Proactive Maintenance: Regular maintenance and updates to
prevent issues and optimize performance.

3.3.5 Error Handling and Extreme Conditions

Error Handling

 Robust Error Handling: Implement comprehensive error handling

mechanisms to detect and handle errors gracefully.
  Informative Error Messages: Provide clear and concise error
messages to users, guiding them towards resolution.
 Logging and Monitoring: Log errors and exceptions for analysis
and troubleshooting.
 User-Friendly Error Recovery: Provide options for users to recover
from errors, such as retrying actions or contacting support.

Extreme Conditions

 High Traffic: Implement load balancing and caching mechanisms

to handle peak load periods.
 System Failures: Implement failover and redundancy strategies to
minimize downtime.
 Data Corruption: Implement data validation and integrity checks
to prevent data corruption.
 Security Breaches: Have a robust security incident response plan
in place to mitigate the impact of security breaches.
 Natural Disasters: Implement disaster recovery plans to ensure
business continuity in case of natural disasters.

3.3.6 Quality Issues

Quality Assurance

 Code Reviews: Conduct regular code reviews to ensure code

quality and adherence to coding standards.
 Unit Testing: Write comprehensive unit tests to verify the
correctness of individual components.
 Integration Testing: Test the integration of different system
components to ensure they work together seamlessly.
 System Testing: Test the entire system to ensure it meets
functional and non-functional requirements.
 User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Involve end-users in testing to
validate the system's usability and functionality.

Quality Control

 Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD):

Automate the build, test, and deployment processes to improve
efficiency and quality.
 Version Control: Use a version control system (e.g., Git) to track
changes and facilitate collaboration.
  Defect Tracking: Use a defect tracking system to manage and
prioritize reported defects.
 Performance Monitoring: Monitor system performance and
identify potential bottlenecks.

3.3.7 System Modification

Flexibility and Adaptability

 Modular Design: Design the system with modular components to

facilitate easy modifications and updates.
 Configuration-Based Settings: Use configuration files to customize
system behavior without requiring code changes.
 API-Driven Approach: Utilize APIs to integrate with third-party
services and enable future extensions.

Change Management

 Version Control: Implement a version control system to track

changes and manage different versions of the system.
 Change Impact Analysis: Assess the impact of proposed changes
on the system and its components.
 Change Request Process: Establish a formal process for
submitting, reviewing, and approving change requests.

Deployment and Upgrade

 Automated Deployment: Automate the deployment process to

reduce manual effort and minimize errors.
 Rolling Upgrades: Implement rolling upgrades to minimize
downtime and ensure a smooth transition to new versions.
 Testing and Verification: Thoroughly test new features and
updates before deploying them to production.

3.3.8 Physical Environment

Data Center Environment:

  Temperature and Humidity Control: Maintain optimal
temperature and humidity levels to ensure optimal hardware
performance and data integrity.
 Power Supply: Reliable power supply with backup power sources
(e.g., UPS) to prevent system outages.
 Physical Security: Implement robust physical security measures,
including access controls, surveillance systems, and fire
suppression systems.
 Environmental Monitoring: Monitor environmental conditions
(temperature, humidity, air quality) and take corrective actions as
needed.

Network Infrastructure:

 Network Connectivity: Ensure reliable network connectivity with

sufficient bandwidth to support the system's workload.
 Network Security: Implement network security measures, such as
firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption.
 Network Redundancy: Redundant network components to
minimize downtime in case of failures.

Hardware Environment:

 Server Hardware: High-quality servers with sufficient processing

power, memory, and storage capacity.
 Network Devices: Reliable network devices, such as routers and
switches.
 Data Storage Devices: Redundant storage solutions (e.g., RAID) to
protect against data loss.

3.3.9 Security Issues

Data Security

 Data Encryption: Encrypt sensitive data, such as user credentials

and payment information, to protect it from unauthorized access.
 Secure Data Transmission: Use HTTPS to encrypt data transmitted
over the network.
 Regular Security Audits: Conduct regular security audits to
identify and address vulnerabilities.

Access Control
  Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Implement RBAC to restrict
access to sensitive system components based on user roles.
 Strong Password Policies: Enforce strong password policies to
protect user accounts.
 Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Implement MFA to add an
extra layer of security to user authentication.

Threat Detection and Prevention

 Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Monitor network traffic for

signs of malicious activity.
 Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS): Prevent attacks by blocking
malicious traffic.
 Web Application Firewalls
(WAFs): Protect web
applications from attacks
such as SQL injection and
cross-site scripting (XSS). 1

1. itcompanies.net

itcompanies.net

Incident Response Plan

  Incident Response Team: Establish a dedicated incident response
team to handle security incidents.
 Incident Response Procedures: Develop and maintain incident
response procedures to minimize the impact of security breaches.
 Regular Security Training: Provide regular security training to
employees to raise awareness of security threats and best
practices.

3.3.10 Resource Issues

Resource Allocation and Management

 Resource Planning: Plan for adequate resource allocation,

including hardware, software, and personnel.
 Resource Monitoring: Monitor resource utilization (CPU, memory,
disk space) to identify potential bottlenecks.
 Resource Optimization: Optimize resource usage to improve
performance and reduce costs.

Cost Management

 Cost Estimation: Accurately estimate the costs associated with

hardware, software, and personnel.
 Cost Optimization: Identify opportunities to reduce costs without
compromising quality.
 Budget Tracking: Track project expenses to ensure they stay
within budget.

Capacity Planning

 Future Growth: Plan for future growth and scalability.

 Capacity Forecasting: Forecast future resource needs based on
anticipated workload.
 Capacity Provisioning: Provision resources proactively to avoid
performance degradation.

Performance Tuning

 Database Optimization: Optimize database queries and indexes to

improve performance.
 Application Optimization: Identify and address performance
bottlenecks in the application code.
  Network Optimization: Optimize network configuration to
minimize latency and maximize throughput.

3.4 Pseudo Requirements

User Registration:

1. Display registration form.

2. Validate user input (name, email, password, etc.).
3. Hash the user's password for secure storage.
4. Store user information in the database.
5. Send a confirmation email to the user.

User Login:

1. Display login form.

2. Validate user credentials (email and password).
3. Hash the user's entered password and compare it to the stored
hashed password.
4. If credentials are valid, generate a session token and redirect the
user to the dashboard.

Ticket Booking:

1. Display available routes and schedules.

2. Allow user to select a route, departure date, and time.
3. Display available seats and prices.
4. Allow user to select seats and proceed to payment.
5. Process payment using a secure payment gateway.
6. Generate e-ticket and send it to the user's email.

Ticket Cancellation:

1. Verify user's login credentials.

2. Display the user's booked tickets.
3. Allow the user to select a ticket to cancel.
4. Process the cancellation and issue a refund if applicable.
5. Send a confirmation email to the user.

Customer Support:
 1. Provide multiple channels for customer support (e.g., email,
phone, chat).
2. Route customer inquiries to appropriate support agents.
3. Track and manage customer support tickets.
4. Provide timely and effective solutions to customer issues.

Admin Dashboard:

1. Authenticate admin login.

2. Display dashboard with key metrics (e.g., ticket sales, revenue,
user activity).
3. Allow admin to manage routes, schedules, and pricing.
4. Enable admin to view and manage user accounts.
5. Provide tools for generating reports and analytics.

3.5 System Model

3.5.1 Scenarios

1. User Registration: A new user visits the website and registers for
an account.
2. Ticket Booking: A registered user searches for available routes,
selects a desired route, chooses seats, and makes a payment.
3. Ticket Cancellation: A registered user logs in and cancels a
previously booked ticket.
4. Customer Support: A user contacts customer support for
assistance with a booking or other issue.
5. Admin Login and Dashboard: An administrator logs in to the
admin dashboard to manage routes, schedules, and user
accounts.

3.5.2 Use Case Model