TI-84 Plus

TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

Guidebook
Important Information
Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied,
including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability
and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book
materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In
no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special,
collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or
arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and
exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action,
shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas
Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever
against the use of these materials by any other party.

© 2004 Texas Instruments Incorporated

Windows and Macintosh are trademarks of their respective owners.

ii
USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency
Interference
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in
a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television

reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, you can try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for
help.
Caution: Any changes or modifications to this equipment not
expressly approved by Texas Instruments may void your
authority to operate the equipment.

iii
About the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition
The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition is the same as the TI-84 Plus except:
• it has more memory, and thus more spaces for graphing calculator
software applications (Apps).
• it has interchangeable faceplates that let you customize the
appearance of your TI-84 Plus Silver Edition.
Since all the functions of the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition and the TI-84 Plus
are the same, this guidebook can be used for either the TI-84 Plus or the
TI-84 Plus Silver Edition.
The CD included with your TI-84 Plus / TI-84 Plus Silver Edition package
also includes an electronic guidebook, which is a complete reference
manual for the TI-84 Plus / TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. If the CD is not
available, you can download a copy of the electronic guidebook from the
Texas Instruments web page at:
education.ti.com/guides
The TI-84 Plus / TI-84 Plus Silver Edition has some graphing calculator
software applications (Apps) preinstalled. For information about these
Apps, see the electronic documentation files on the Texas Instrument
web page at:
education.ti.com/guides

About this book

This guidebook gives a quick overview of each topic, along with
keystroke instructions for easy examples. All examples assume that the
TI-84 Plus is using default settings. For complete information on any
topic, see the electronic guidebook on the CD that came with your
graphing calculator.

iv
Contents
Important Information................................................................... ii
About the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition....................... iv
About this book............................................................................. iv

1 Getting Started ..................................................................1

TI-84 Plus keys................................................................................. 1
Turning the TI-84 Plus on and off.................................................. 2
Home screen ................................................................................... 3
y and ƒ keys ........................................................................ 5
‘ and y 5 ....................................................................... 6
Entering an expression................................................................... 7
Interchangeable Faceplates ........................................................... 8
Using the Clock............................................................................... 9
TI-84 Plus menus ........................................................................... 12
Editing and deleting .................................................................... 15
Using ¹ and Ì............................................................................. 17
Using parentheses ........................................................................ 18
Storing a value.............................................................................. 20
Graphing a function..................................................................... 22
Changing mode settings .............................................................. 24
Setting the graphing window ..................................................... 27
Using q ................................................................................... 29
Building a table ............................................................................ 30
Using the CATALOG...................................................................... 32
Performing simple calculations ................................................... 33
Using the equation solver............................................................ 36
Entering data into lists................................................................. 38
Plotting data................................................................................. 40
Calculating a linear regression .................................................... 43
Calculating statistical variables.................................................... 44
Using the MATRIX Editor ............................................................. 45
Grouping....................................................................................... 48
Ungrouping .................................................................................. 50
Error messages.............................................................................. 51
Resetting defaults ........................................................................ 52
Installing applications .................................................................. 53
Running applications ................................................................... 54
Quick reference ........................................................................... 55
Battery precautions ...................................................................... 56

2 Activities ..........................................................................57
The Quadratic Formula ................................................................ 57

v
 Box with Lid .................................................................................. 61
Comparing Test Results Using Box Plots...................................... 69
Graphing Piecewise Functions ..................................................... 72
Graphing Inequalities ................................................................... 73
Solving a System of Nonlinear Equations.................................... 75
Using a Program to Create the Sierpinski Triangle..................... 77
Graphing Cobweb Attractors....................................................... 79
Using a Program to Guess the Coefficients................................. 80
Graphing the Unit Circle and Trigonometric Curves .................. 82
Finding the Area between Curves ............................................... 83
Using Parametric Equations: Ferris Wheel Problem ................... 84
Demonstrating the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus ............. 87
Computing Areas of Regular N-Sided Polygons ......................... 90
Computing and Graphing Mortgage Payments ......................... 93

3 Memory and Variable Management .............................. 97

Checking Available Memory ........................................................ 97
Deleting Items from Memory..................................................... 100
Clearing Entries and List Elements............................................. 101
Archiving and UnArchiving Variables........................................ 102
Resetting the TI-84 Plus .............................................................. 106
Grouping and Ungrouping Variables ........................................ 110
Garbage Collection ..................................................................... 114
ERR:ARCHIVE FULL Message ...................................................... 118

4 Communication Link ..................................................... 119

Getting Started: Sending Variables ........................................... 119
TI-84 Plus LINK............................................................................. 121
Selecting Items to Send .............................................................. 123
Receiving Items ........................................................................... 127
Backing Up RAM Memory .......................................................... 129
Error Conditions.......................................................................... 130

A Appendix A:
Functions and Instructions .......................................... 131

B Appendix B:
Reference Information................................................. 175
Variables ...................................................................................... 175
Statistics Formulas....................................................................... 177
Financial Formulas ...................................................................... 181
Important Things You Need to Know About Your TI-84 Plus .. 185
Error Conditions.......................................................................... 188
Accuracy Information ................................................................. 196

vi
C Appendix C:
Service and Warranty Information ..............................199
Texas Instruments Support and Service..................................... 199
Texas Instruments (TI) Warranty Information........................... 200
Battery Information ................................................................... 202
In Case of Difficulty .................................................................... 204

Index ..............................................................................207

vii
viii
 1
Getting Started

TI-84 Plus keys

y Provides access } ~ † | Let you

to the function or move the cursor in
character shown four directions.
above each key.

‘ Clears
ƒ Provides (erases) the entry
access to the line or deletes an
characters shown entry and answer
above each key. on the home
screen.

ΠDisplays a
menu that lists
Applications
installed on the
TI-84 Plus.
Í Evaluates an
expression,
executes an
instruction, or
selects a menu
É Turns on the item.
TI-84 Plus.

Getting Started 1
Turning the TI-84 Plus on and off
To turn on the TI-84 Plus, press É. The É key is located at the lower
left corner of the TI-84 Plus.
To turn off the TI-84 Plus, press the y key followed by the É key. OFF
is the second function of É.
When you turn off the TI-84 Plus, all settings and memory contents are
retained. The next time you turn on the TI-84 Plus, the home screen
displays as it was when you last used it.

Automatic Power Down™

To prolong the life of the batteries, Automatic Power Down™ (APD™)
turns off the TI-84 Plus automatically after about five minutes without
any activity. The next time you turn on the TI-84 Plus, it is exactly as you
left it.

2 Getting Started
Home screen
When you turn on your TI-84 Plus the first time, you should see this
screen:

To clear this text from your screen, press ‘ twice. You should now see
the home screen, a blank screen with a flashing cursor. The home screen
is where you enter problems and see results.

If you pressed ‘ above and you still do not see a blank home screen,
press the y key followed by the z key (to select QUIT).
Example: Add 2 + 3 on the home screen.

Press Result
2Ã3

Entry line Answer line

Note: Results are displayed on the next line (the answer line), not on the
entry line.

Getting Started 3
Example: Multiply 5 x 4.

Press Result
5¯4
Í

4 Getting Started
y and ƒ keys
Most keys on the TI-84 Plus can perform two or more functions. To use a
function printed on a key, press the key. To use a function printed above
a key, you must first press the y key or the ƒ key.

y key
Second functions are printed above the keys (the same color as the y
key). Some secondary functions enter a function or a symbol on the
home screen (sinL1 or ‡, for example). Others display menus or editors.
To view the ANGLE menu, for example, look for ANGLE above the Œ
key near the top of the TI-84 Plus keyboard. Press the y key (and then
release it) and then press Œ. In this guidebook the key combination is
indicated by y ;, not y Œ.
Note: The flashing cursor changes to Þ when you press the y key.

ƒ key
The ƒ key lets you enter the alphabetic characters and some special
symbols. To enter T, for example, press ƒ (and then release it) and
then press ¶. In the guidebook this key combination is indicated by
ƒ [T].
If you have several alphabetic characters to enter, press y 7 to
avoid having to press the ƒ key multiple times. This locks the alpha
key in the On position until you press ƒ a second time to unlock it.
Note: The flashing cursor changes to Ø when you press the ƒ key.

Getting Started 5
‘ and y 5

‘ key
The ‘ key erases the home screen. This key is located just below the
four arrow keys at the upper right corner of the TI-84 Plus keyboard. If
you press ‘ during an entry, it clears the entry line. If you press
‘ when the cursor is on a blank line, it clears everything on the
home screen.
Although it does not affect the calculation, it is frequently helpful to
clear the previous work from the home screen before you begin a new
problem. As you work through this guide, we recommend that you press
‘ each time you begin a new Example. This removes the previous
example from the home screen and ensures that the screen you see
matches the one shown in the example.

y5
If you accidentally press a menu key, pressing ‘ will usually return
you to the home screen, but in most cases pressing y 5 to leave the
menu and return to the home screen.

6 Getting Started
Entering an expression
An expression consists of numbers, variables, operators, functions, and
their arguments that evaluate to a single answer. 2X + 2 is an expression.
Type the expression, and then press Í to evaluate it. To enter a
function or instruction on the entry line, you can:
• Press its key, if available. For example, press «.
— or —
• Select it from the CATALOG, if the function appears on the
CATALOG. For example, press y N, press † to move down to
log(, and press Í to select log(.
— or —
• Select it from a menu, if available. For example, to find the round
function, press , press ~ to select NUM, then select 2:round(.
Example: Enter and evaluate the expression p Q 2.

Press Result
yB¯ 2

Getting Started 7
Interchangeable Faceplates
The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition has interchangeable faceplates that let you
customize the appearance of your unit. To purchase additional
faceplates, refer to the TI Online Store at education.ti.com.

Removing a Faceplate
1. Lift the tab at the bottom
edge of the faceplate away
from the TI-84 Plus Silver
Edition case.
2. Carefully lift the faceplate
away from the unit until it
releases. Be careful not to
damage the faceplate or the
keyboard.

Installing New Faceplates

1. Align the top of the faceplate
in the corresponding grooves
of the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition
case.
2. Gently click the faceplate into
place. Do not force.

3. Make sure you gently press

each of the grooves to ensure
the faceplate is installed
properly. See the diagram for
proper groove placement.

8 Getting Started
Using the Clock
Use the Clock to set the time and date, select the clock display format,
and turn the clock on and off. The clock is turned on by default and is
accessed from the mode screen.

Displaying the Clock Settings

1. Press z
2. Press the † to move the cursor to
SET CLOCK.
3. Press Í.

Changing the Clock settings

1. Press the ~ or | to highlight the date
format you want, example: M/D/Y. Press
Í.
2. Press † to highlight YEAR. Press ‘ and
type the year, example: 2004.
3. Press † to highlight MONTH. Press ‘
and type the number of the month (a
number from 1–12).
4. Press † to highlight DAY. Press ‘ and
type the date.
5. Press † to highlight TIME. Press ~ or | to
highlight the time format you want. Press
Í.
6. Press † to highlight HOUR. Press ‘
and type the hour. A number from 1–12 or
0–23.
7. Press † to highlight MINUTE. Press ‘
and type the minutes. A number from 0–
59.
8. Press † to highlight AM/PM. Press ~ or |
to highlight the format. Press Í.
9. To Save changes, press † to select SAVE.
Press Í.

Getting Started 9
Error Messages
If you type the wrong date for the month, for
example: June 31, June does not have 31 days,
you will receive an error message with two
choices:
• To Quit the Clock application and return to
the Home screen, select 1: Quit. Press
Í.
— or —
• To return to the clock application and
correct the error, select 2: Goto. Press
Í.

Turning the Clock On

There are two options to turn the clock on. One option is through the
MODE screen, the other is through the Catalog.

10 Getting Started
Using the Mode Screen to turn the clock on
1. If the Clock is turned off, Press † to
highlight TURN CLOCK ON.
2. Press Í.

Using the Catalog to turn the clock on

1. If the Clock is turned off, Press y N
2. Press † or } to scroll the CATALOG until
the selection cursor points to ClockOn.
3. Press Í Í.

Turning the Clock Off

1. Press y N.
2. Press † or } to scroll the CATALOG until
the selection cursor points to ClockOff.
3. Press Í Í.
ClockOff will turn off the Clock display.

Getting Started 11
TI-84 Plus menus
Many functions and instructions are entered on the home screen by
selecting from a menu.
To select an item from the displayed menu:
• Press the number or letter shown at the left of that item.
— or —
• Use the cursor arrow keys, † or }, to highlight the item, and then
press Í.
Some menus close automatically when you make a selection, but if the
menu remains open, press y 5 to exit. Do not press ‘ to exit,
since this will sometimes delete your selection.
Example: Enter 3 27 on the home screen entry line.

Press Result
 Menus containing
an arrow next to
the final item
continue on a
second page.

4
— or —
†††Í

27¤
Í

12 Getting Started
Example: Change the FORMAT menu setting to display grid points on the
graph.

Press Result
y.

††~
Í

Example: Turn off the display of grid points.

Press Result
y.††
Í

Note: Press y 5 or ‘ to close the FORMAT menu and return to

the home screen.

Summary of menus on the TI-84 Plus

Press To display
Œ APPLICATIONS menu — to see a list of TI-84 Plus
graphing calculator software applications (APPS).

Getting Started 13
 Press To display
y8 LINK menu — to communicate with another graphing
calculator.
yL MEMORY menu — to check available memory and
manage existing memory.
 MATH menu — to select a math operation.

 VARS menu — to select variable names to paste to the

home screen.
y, STAT PLOTS menu — to define statistical plots.

yN CATALOG menu — to select from a complete,

alphabetic list of all TI-84 Plus built-in functions and
instructions.
y. FORMAT menu — to define a graph’s appearance.

y> MATRIX menu — to define, view, and edit matrices.

y< DRAW menu — to select tools for drawing on graphs.

y= DISTRIBUTIONS menu — to select distribution

functions to paste to the home screen or editor
screens.
y: TEST menu — to select relational operators (=, ƒ, {, |,
etc.) and Boolean operators (and, or, xor, not) to paste
to the home screen.

14 Getting Started
Editing and deleting
You can change any expression or entry using the backspace | key, the
delete { key, or the insert y 6 key.
Example: Enter the expression 52 + 1, and then change the expression to
52 + 5.

Press Result
5 ¡Ã 1

|5

Example: Enter the expression 52 + 1, and then change the expression to

52 N 5.

Press Result
5 ¡Ã 1

||{{

Getting Started 15
 Press Result
¹5
Í

Example: Change the example above to 52 + 2 N 5 using y [ to

recall the expression and y 6 to insert + 2 into the expression.

Press Result
y[

||y6
Ã2
Í

16 Getting Started
Using ¹ and Ì
Many graphing calculators (including the TI-84 Plus) make a distinction
between the symbols for subtraction and negation.
Use ¹ to enter subtraction operations. Use Ì to enter a negative
number in an operation, in an expression, or on a setup screen.
Example: Subtract 10 from 25.

Press Result
25¹10
Í

Example: Add 10 to L25.

Press Result
Ì2 5 Ã 1 0
Í

Example: Subtract L10 from 25.

Press Result
2 5 ¹Ì 1 0
Í

Note: Notice that the TI-84 Plus displays a slightly different symbol for
negation and subtraction to make it easier for you to distinguish
between the two. The negative symbol is raised and slightly shorter.

Getting Started 17
Using parentheses
Since all calculations inside parentheses are completed first, it is
sometimes important to place a portion of an expression inside
parentheses.
Example: Multiply 4…1+2; then multiply 4…(1+2).

Press Result
4¯1Ã2
Í

4 ¯£ 1 à 2 ¤
Í

Note: The closing parenthesis ¤ is optional. The operation will be

completed if you omit it. The exception to this rule occurs when there is
another operation following the parenthetical operation. In this case,
you must include the closing parenthesis.
Example: Divide 1/2 by 2/3.

Press Result
£ 1 ¥ 2 ¤¥
£2¥3¤
Í

18 Getting Started
 1
Example: Calculate 16 ^ --- .
2
Press Result
1 6 ›£ 1 ¥ 2 ¤
Í

Example: Calculate (L3)2.

Press Result
£Ì 3 ¤¡
Í

Note: Try each of these examples without the parentheses and see what
happens!

Getting Started 19
Storing a value
Values are stored to and recalled from memory using variable names.
Example: Store 25 to variable A and multiply A by 2.

Press Result
2 5 ¿ ƒ [A]

2 ¯ ƒ [A]
Í

— or —
ƒ [A] ¯ 2
Í

Example: Find the value of 2X3 N 5X2 N 7X + 10 when X = L0.5.

Press Result
ÌË 5 ¿„
Í
(stores L.5 to X)

20 Getting Started
Press Result
2 „› 3
¹5„¡
¹ 7 „Ã 1 0
Í

You can remove a value stored to a variable using the DELVAR function
or by storing 0 to the variable.
Example: Delete the value (L.5) stored to X above by storing 0.

Press Result
0 ¿„
Í

„
Í

Getting Started 21
Graphing a function

o Displays the Y=
Editor, where you s Displays
can enter one or the graph you
more functions or have defined.
expressions to
graph.

p Lets „ Lets you enter q Lets you r Lets you

you set the one of four symbols: X quickly adjust move the cursor
viewing (if you are in Function the window to along the
window to mode), T (in a predefined graphed
produce the Parametric mode), q setting. function using
best display of (in Polar mode), or n | and ~.
(in Sequence mode).

To graph a function, you must:

1. Display the Y= Editor.
2. Enter the function.
3. Display the graph.
Note: If you previously changed graph type in the mode settings, you
must change the type back to Func (the default setting) before you
graph.

22 Getting Started
Example: Graph the function Y = X 2 + 1.

Press Result
o

„¡Ã 1

Note: If Y1 is not empty, press ‘. If there are additional entries in

the Y= Editor, press † ‘ until all are clear.

Getting Started 23
Changing mode settings
The mode settings determine how entries are interpreted and how
answers are displayed on the TI-84 Plus.
Example: Change the mode setting for decimals from Float to 3 decimal
places.

Press Result
z

†~~~~
Í

y5
1Ë23456
Í

Note: You must press Í to change a mode setting. If you highlight

the setting and then exit the mode menu without pressing Í, the
setting will not be changed.
The mode menu includes the following settings (*denotes the default
setting in each row):

Setting Choices
Numeric • *Normal: for example, 12345.67
notation • Sci (scientific): for example, 1.234567â4
• Eng (engineering): for example, 12.34567â3

24 Getting Started
Setting Choices
Decimal • *Float: lets the number of decimal places change
based on the result (up to 10 digits)
• 0–9: sets the number of decimal places to a value
(0–9) that you specify
Angle • *Radian: interprets angle values as radians
measure • Degree: interprets angle values as degrees
Type of graph • *Func (functional): plots functions, where Y is a
function of X
• Par (parametric): plots relations, where X and Y
are functions of T
• Pol (polar): plots functions, where r is a function
of ô q
• Seq (sequence): plots sequences, where the nth
term of u, v, or w is defined recursively or
explicitly.
Plot type • *Connected: draws a line connecting each point
calculated for the selected functions
• Dot: plots only the calculated points of the
selected functions
Sequential or • *Sequential: draws graphs one at a time
simultaneous • Simul (simultaneous): draws several graphs at the
graphing same time
Real or • *Real: displays real numbers, such as 1, 1/2, ‡3
complex mode • a+bi (rectangular complex): displays as 3+2×
• re^qi (polar complex): displays as re^q×
Screen display • *Full: displays full screen
• Horiz: displays a horizontal split screen
• G-T: displays a vertical split screen (graph &
table)

Getting Started 25
The importance of mode settings
Example: Multiply 2/3 Q 2.

Press Result
z†~Í

2¥3¯2Í

Your first reaction to this example is that the graphing calculator has
produced a wrong answer. But you have set it to round to 0 decimal
places (the nearest whole number), so for this setting the answer is
correct. If you set rounding (decimals displayed) to 0 and then forget to
reset it for later calculations, you may be surprised by some of your
answers! With mode set to the default setting of Float, the result will be:

Press Result
2¥3¯2
Í

26 Getting Started
Setting the graphing window
To obtain the best view of the graph, you may need to change the
boundaries of the window.
To display the WINDOW Editor, press p.

Ymax
Xmin
Xscl

Xmax
Ymin
Yscl

Window variables (shown in Corresponding viewing

WINDOW Editor) window (shown on Graph
window)

The Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, and Ymax variables represent the boundaries of
the viewing window.
Xmin: the minimum value of X to be displayed.
Xmax: the maximum value of X to be displayed.
Ymin: the minimum value of Y to be displayed.
Ymax: the maximum value of Y to be displayed.
Xcsl (X scale): the distance between the tick marks on the X axis.
Yscl (Y scale): the distance between the tick marks on the Y axis.
Xres: pixel resolution—not usually changed except by advanced users.
To change the values:
1. Move the cursor to highlight the value you want to change.
2. Do one of the following:
• Type a value or an expression. The old value is erased when you
begin typing.
— or —
• Press ‘ to clear the old value; then type the new one.
3. Press Í, †, or }.
Note: Values are stored as you type them; you do not need to press
Í. Pressing Í simply moves the cursor to the next window
variable.
4. After you have made all changes, press y 5 to close the
WINDOW Editor (or s to display the graph).

Getting Started 27
Example: Change the window settings to display a maximum X value of
25, a minimum X value of L25, a maximum Y value of 50, and a minimum
Y value of L50.

Press Result
p

Ì 2 5 † 2 5 ††
Ì50†50

y5

28 Getting Started
Using q
The TI-84 Plus has ten predefined window settings that let you quickly
adjust the graph window to a predetermined level of magnification. To
display this menu, press q.

Selection Result
1: ZBox Lets you draw a box (using the cursor pad) to
define the viewing window.
2: Zoom In After you position the cursor and press Í,
magnifies the graph around the cursor.
3: Zoom Out After you position the cursor and press Í,
displays more of the graph.
4: ZDecimal Sets the change in X and Y to increments of .1
when you use r.
5: ZSquare Adjusts the viewing window so that X and Y
dimensions are equal.
6: ZStandard Sets the standard (default) window variables.
7: ZTrig Sets the built-in trigonometry window variables.
8: ZInteger After you position the cursor and press Í, sets
the change in X and Y to whole number
increments.
9: ZoomStat Sets the values for currently defined statistical lists.
0: ZoomFit Fits Ymin and Ymax between Xmin and Xmax.

Getting Started 29
Building a table
Tables are useful tools for comparing values for a function at multiple
points.
Example: Build a table to evaluate the function Y = X3 N 2X at each
integer between L10 and 10.

Press Result
z†††
Í
(sets function graphing
mode)

„ 3
¹2„

y-

Ì10Í
(sets TblStart; default
settings shown for the other
fields are appropriate)

30 Getting Started
Press Result
y0

Note: Press † repeatedly to see the changes in X and Y.

Clearing the Y= Editor

Before proceeding with the remaining examples in this guidebook, clear
the Y= Editor.

Press Result
o

Getting Started 31
Using the CATALOG
The CATALOG is an alphabetic list of all functions and instructions on the
TI-84 Plus. Some of these items are also available on keys and menus.
To select from the CATALOG:
1. Position the cursor where you want to insert the item.
2. Press y N.
3. Press † or } to move the 4 indicator to the function or instruction.
(You can move quickly down the list by typing the first letter of the
item you need.)
4. Press Í. Your selection is pasted on the home screen.
Notes:
• Items are listed in alphabetical order. Those that do not start with a
letter (+, ‚, ‡, p, and so on) are at the end of the list.
• You can also paste from the CATALOG to an editor, such as the Y=
Editor.
Example: Enter the rand function on the home screen.

Press Result
y N [R] †
The Ø indicates
that Alpha-lock is
on.

32 Getting Started
Performing simple calculations
Changing a decimal to a fraction
Example: Add 1/2 + 1/4 and change your answer to a fraction.

Press Result
1¥2Ã1¥4
Í

1
Í

Finding the least common multiple

Example: Find the least common multiple of 15 and 24.

Press Result
~}}
Í
15¢24¤
Í

Finding the square root

Example: Find the square root of 256.

Press Result
yC 2 5 6 ¤
Í

Getting Started 33
Finding the factorial of numbers
Example: Compute the factorials of 5 and of 30.

Press Result
5 ~~~ 4
Í

3 0 ~~~ 4
Í

Scientific
notation

Solving trigonometric functions

Example: Find the sine of an angle of 72¡.

Press Result
˜72
y;ͤ
Í

If you are solving multiple problems using angles, be sure that mode is
set to Degree. If you are in Radian mode and do not wish to change the
mode, you can use y ; Í (as you did in this example) to add
the degree symbol to the calculation and override the Radian mode
setting.

34 Getting Started
Adding Complex Numbers
Example: Add (3+5×) + (2-3×).

Press Result
£ 3 Ã 5 yV¤
ã 2 ¹ 3 yV¤
Í

Note: The × character is the second function of Ë (the decimal key).

Getting Started 35
Using the equation solver
You can use the TI-84 Plus equation solver to solve for a variable in an
equation.
Example: Find the roots for the equation X2 N 13X N 48 = 0.

Press Result
}

If you do not see eqn:0= as shown above, press } (the up arrow), and
then press ‘ to erase the existing equation.

Press Result
„¡¹
1 3 „¹ 4 8

36 Getting Started
Press Result
ƒ\

100

ƒ\

The two roots are M3 and 16. Since you did not enter a guess, the TI-84
Plus used 0 (the default guess) and first returned the answer nearest 0. To
find other roots, you must enter another guess. In this example, you
entered 100.

Getting Started 37
Entering data into lists
You can enter data into lists using either of two methods:
• Using braces and ¿ on the home screen
— or —
• Using the statistical list editor.

Using ¿
Example: Store 1, 2, 3, and 4 to list 1 (L1).

Press Result
yE 1 ¢ 2 ¢
3 ¢ 4 yF

yd
Í

Using the statistical list editor

Example: Store 5, 6, 7, and 8 to list 2 (L2).

Press Result
…Í

38 Getting Started
Press Result
~}‘Í
(if L2 already contains data)

5Í6Í
7Í8Í

y5ye
Í
(displays the contents of the
list on the home screen)

Getting Started 39
Plotting data
When you have statistical data stored in lists, you can display the data
you have collected in a scatter plot, xyLine, histogram, box plot, or
normal probability plot.
You will need to:
1. Determine which lists contain your data.
2. Tell the TI-84 Plus which lists of data you want to plot and define the
plot.
3. Display the plot.

Determine which lists contain your data

Press Result
…

Note: In some cases, you may have several lists stored and you may have
to press ~ several times to find the correct lists.

Tell the TI-84 Plus which lists you want to plot

Press Result
y,

40 Getting Started
Press Result
4Í
(turns plots off if any plots
are on)

y,

Í
(turns Plot1 on)

††y9
Í
(enters L1 as the Xlist)

†y9†
Í
(enters L2 as the Ylist)

Getting Started 41
 Press Result
†~Í
(selects + as the plotting
mark)

o‘

Note: This step is optional and is not necessary unless there is a previous
entry in the Y= Editor. If there are additional entries in the Y= Editor,
press † ‘ until all are clear.

Display the plot

Press Result
s

q}}Í
(selects ZoomStat)

Note: If you would like to add the regression line to a scatter plot, add
Y1 to the end of the instruction LinReg(ax+b) L1, L2, Y1 in Calculating a
linear regression. (Press  ~ Í Í to add Y1.) Press s to
see the regression line.

42 Getting Started
Calculating a linear regression
If you wish to calculate the linear regression for data, you can do so using
the LinReg instruction from the … CALC menu.
Example: Calculate the linear regression for the data entered in L1 and
L2.

Press Result
…~†††

yd¢ye

Note: The last screen indicates that the line of best fit for the data in lists
L1 and L2 is calculated to be y=x+4, where slope is equal to 1 and
y-intercept is equal to 4.

Getting Started 43
Calculating statistical variables
The TI-84 Plus lets you easily calculate one-variable or two-variable
statistics for data that you have entered into lists.
Example: Using the data that you entered into L1 from the previous
section “Using ¿“, calculate one-variable statistics.

Press Result
…~

yd

44 Getting Started
Using the MATRIX Editor
Creating a new matrix
Press Result
y>|

2Í2Í

1Í5Í
2Í8Í

Note: When you press Í, the cursor automatically highlights the

next cell so that you can continue entering or editing values. To enter a
new value, you can start typing without pressing Í, but you must
press Í to edit an existing value.

Using matrices to solve systems of equations

You can solve several equations simultaneously by entering their
coefficients into a matrix and then using the rref (reduced row-echelon
form) function. For example, in the equations below, enter 3, 3, and 24
(for 3X, 3Y, and 24) in the first row, and 2, 1, 13 (for 2X, 1Y, and 13) in the
second row.

Getting Started 45
Example: Solve 3X + 3Y = 24 and 2X + Y = 13

Press Result
y>~~†

2Í3Í

3Í3Í24Í
2Í1Í13Í

y5

y>~

46 Getting Started
 Press Result
}}}}}

y>†Í

You can interpret the resulting matrix as:

[1 0 5] represents 1X + 0Y = 5 or X = 5
[0 1 3] represents 0X + 1Y = 3 or Y = 3
The solution to this system of equations is X = 5, Y = 3.

Getting Started 47
Grouping
Grouping lets you make a copy of two or more variables and store them
in the Flash memory of the TI-84 Plus. This function is similar to “zipping”
a computer file and storing it. For example, suppose that you want to
save data you collected for time, temperature, humidity, and barometric
pressure because you may need to use the data for another assignment.
Grouping lets you keep these lists together for future use. Instead of
trying to locate the correct lists and remember which ones were collected
together, you can simply recall the group. Grouping also saves space on
your graphing calculator by copying variables from RAM to Flash
memory.
Example: Group lists L1, L2, and L3 and name them GROUPA.

Press Result
yL

Caution: You are in

alpha mode.

[G] [R] [O] [U] [P] [A]

48 Getting Started
Press Result
Í

͆Í
†Í

Getting Started 49
Ungrouping
To use variables that have been grouped, you must ungroup.
Example: Ungroup GROUPA.

Press Result
yL

3
(to overwrite all three lists)

50 Getting Started
Error messages
Occasionally, when you enter a function or instruction or attempt to
display a graph, the TI-84 Plus will return an error message.
For more details, see Appendix B
Example: Enter the least common multiple function lcm( followed by
only one number.

Press Result
~}}Í
27¢

If you select 1:Quit, you return to the home screen with the cursor on a
new entry line. If you select 2:Goto, you return to the original entry line;
the cursor is flashing at the location of the error. You can now correct the
error and continue.
You can find a complete list of error conditions with explanations in
Appendix B: General Information.

Getting Started 51
Resetting defaults
If you are getting unexpected results, or if another person has used your
TI-84 Plus and may have changed the settings, you should consider
resetting defaults on the TI-84 Plus.

Press Result
yL

WARNING: If you reset All RAM in step 3 above, you will delete stored
variables, lists, and programs. Be sure you have backed up any essential
data before you select this option.

52 Getting Started
Installing applications
Graphing calculator software applications (Apps) let you update the
functionality of your TI-84 Plus by installing Apps. This is similar to the
way that you add new features to your computer by installing new
software applications.
You can find applications for the TI-84 Plus at the TI Online Store at
education.ti.com. Once you have downloaded an application to your
computer, you must use TI Connect™ or TI-GRAPH LINK™ software and
the USB computer cable or TI Connectivity Cable USB to install the
application on your TI-84 Plus.

Instructions for Windows®

1. Connect the USB computer cable between your computer and TI-84
Plus. Make sure the TI-84 Plus is on the home screen.
2. Using Windows Explorer, locate the application file you want to
transfer to the connected device.
3. Reduce the size of the Explorer window so you can see the TI
Connect desktop icon.
4. Click the application file you want to transfer.
5. Drag the application file out of Explorer and drop it on the TI
Connect desktop icon.

Instructions for Macintosh®

1. Connect the TI Connectivity Cable USB for Macintosh/Windows
between your computer and TI-84 Plus, and make sure the TI-84 Plus
is on the home screen.

2. Launch the TI Connect for Mac® software and establish a connection

to your TI-84 Plus.
3. Drag the application to the TI-84 Plus window in TI-GRAPH LINK.
Follow any on-screen instructions that are given.

Getting Started 53
Running applications
Once you have installed an application on your TI-84 Plus, you must start
the application to use its features.
Example: Start the Catalog Help (CtlgHelp) app on the TI-84 Plus.

Press Result
Œ

††Í

54 Getting Started
Quick reference
Press To
y} Darken the screen
y† Lighten the screen
y~ Move the cursor to the end of an expression
y| Move the cursor to the beginning of an
expression
Ġ Page down to the next screen (on menus)
ƒ} Page up to the next screen (on menus)
y[ Place your last entry on the current entry line on
the home screen
yZ Place Ans (a reference to your last answer) on the
current entry line on the home screen, allowing
you to use the answer in the next calculation
{ Delete the character under the cursor
y6 Insert additional characters at the cursor
†} Move the cursor from line to line
~| Move the cursor from character to character
within a line
‘ Clear the current line. (If the cursor is on a blank
line, clears everything on the home screen.)

Getting Started 55
Battery precautions
Take these precautions when replacing batteries.
• Do not leave batteries within the reach of children.
• Do not mix new and used batteries. Do not mix brands (or types
within brands) of batteries.
• Do not mix rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries.
• Install batteries according to polarity (+ and N ) diagrams.
• Do not place non-rechargeable batteries in a battery recharger.
• Properly dispose of used batteries immediately.
• Do not incinerate or dismantle batteries.

56 Getting Started
 2
Activities

The Quadratic Formula

Entering a Calculation
Use the quadratic formula to solve the quadratic equations
3x2 + 5x + 2 = 0 and 2x2 N x + 3 = 0. Begin with the equation
3x2 + 5x + 2 = 0.

1. Press 3 ¿ ƒ [A] (above ) to

store the coefficient of the x2 term.
2. Press ƒ [:] (above Ë). The colon allows
you to enter more than one instruction on
a line.
3. Press 5 ¿ ƒ [B] (above Œ) to
store the coefficient of the X term. Press
ƒ [:] to enter a new instruction on the
same line. Press 2 ¿ ƒ [C] (above
) to store the constant.
4. Press Í to store the values to the
variables A, B, and C.
The last value you stored is shown on the
right side of the display. The cursor moves
to the next line, ready for your next entry.

5. Press £ Ì ƒ [B] Ã y C ƒ [B] ¡

¹ 4 ƒ [A] ƒ [C] ¤ ¤ ¥ £ 2 ƒ
[A] ¤ to enter the expression for one of
the solutions for the quadratic formula,
2
– b ± b – 4ac
--------------------------------------
2a

Activities 57
6. Press Í to find one solution for the
equation 3x2 + 5x + 2 = 0.
The answer is shown on the right side of
the display. The cursor moves to the next
line, ready for you to enter the next
expression.

Converting to a Fraction
You can show the solution as a fraction.

1. Press  to display the MATH menu.

2. Press 1 to select 1:4Frac from the MATH

menu.
When you press 1, Ans4Frac is displayed on
the home screen. Ans is a variable that
contains the last calculated answer.

3. Press Í to convert the result to a

fraction.

To save keystrokes, you can recall the last expression you entered, and
then edit it for a new calculation.

4. Press y [ (above Í) to recall the

fraction conversion entry, and then press
y [ again to recall the quadratic-
formula expression,
2
– b + b – 4ac-
--------------------------------------
2a

58 Activities
5. Press } to move the cursor onto the + sign
in the formula. Press ¹ to edit the
quadratic-formula expression to become:
2
– b – b – 4ac
-------------------------------------
-
2a
6. Press Í to find the other solution for
the quadratic equation 3x2 + 5x + 2 = 0.

Displaying Complex Results

Now solve the equation 2x2 N x + 3 = 0. When you set a+bi complex
number mode, the TI-84 Plus displays complex results.

1. Press z † † † † † † (6 times), and

then press ~ to position the cursor over
a+bi. Press Í to select a+bi complex-
number mode.

2. Press y 5 (above z) to return to the

home screen, and then press ‘ to clear
it.
3. Press 2 ¿ ƒ [A] ƒ [:] Ì 1 ¿
ƒ [B] ƒ [:] 3 ¿ ƒ [C] Í.
The coefficient of the x2 term, the
coefficient of the X term, and the constant
for the new equation are stored to A, B,
and C, respectively.
4. Press y [ to recall the store
instruction, and then press y [ again
to recall the quadratic-formula expression,
2
– b – b – 4ac-
-------------------------------------
2a

5. Press Í to find one solution for the

equation 2x2 N x + 3 = 0.

Activities 59
6. Press y [ repeatedly until this
quadratic-formula expression is displayed:
2
– b + b – 4ac-
--------------------------------------
2a
7. Press Í to find the other solution for
the quadratic equation: 2x2 N x + 3 = 0.

Note: An alternative for solving equations for real numbers is to use the
built-in Equation Solver.

60 Activities
Box with Lid
Defining a Function
Take a 20 cm × 25 cm. sheet of paper and cut X × X squares from two
corners. Cut X × 12½ cm rectangles from the other two corners as shown
in the diagram below. Fold the paper into a box with a lid. What value of
X would give your box the maximum volume V? Use the table and graphs
to determine the solution.

Begin by defining a function that describes

the volume of the box. X

From the diagram:

2X + A = 20 20 A
2X + 2B = 25
V = A…B…X X B X B

Substituting: 25
V = (20 N 2X) (25à2 N X) X

1. Press o to display the Y= editor, which is

where you define functions for tables and
graphing.

2. Press £ 20 ¹ 2 „ ¤ £ 25 ¥ 2 ¹
„ ¤ „ Í to define the volume
function as Y1 in terms of X.
„ lets you enter X quickly, without
having to press ƒ. The highlighted =
sign indicates that Y1 is selected.

Activities 61
Defining a Table of Values
The table feature of the TI-84 Plus displays numeric information about a
function. You can use a table of values from the function you just defined
to estimate an answer to the problem.

1. Press y - (above p) to display

the TABLE SETUP menu.
2. Press Í to accept TblStart=0.
3. Press 1 Í to define the table increment
@Tbl=1. Leave Indpnt: Auto and
Depend: Auto so that the table will be
generated automatically.
4. Press y 0 (above s) to display the
table.
Notice that the maximum value for Y1
(box’s volume) occurs when X is about 4,
between 3 and 5.

5. Press and hold † to scroll the table until a

negative result for Y1 is displayed.
Notice that the maximum length of X for
this problem occurs where the sign of Y1
(box’s volume) changes from positive to
negative, between 10 and 11.
6. Press y -.
Notice that TblStart has changed to 6 to
reflect the first line of the table as it was
last displayed. (In step 5, the first value of X
displayed in the table is 6.)

62 Activities
Zooming In on the Table
You can adjust the way a table is displayed to get more information
about a defined function. With smaller values for @Tbl, you can zoom in
on the table.

1. Press 3 Í to set TblStart. Press Ë 1

Í to set @Tbl.
This adjusts the table setup to get a more
accurate estimate of X for maximum
volume Y1.

2. Press y 0.
3. Press † and } to scroll the table.
Notice that the maximum value for Y1 is
410.26, which occurs at X=3.7. Therefore,
the maximum occurs where 3.6<X<3.8.

4. Press y -. Press 3 Ë 6 Í to set

TblStart. Press Ë 01 Í to set @Tbl.

5. Press y 0, and then press † and } to

scroll the table.
Four equivalent maximum values are
shown, 410.26 at X=3.67, 3.68, 3.69, and
3.70.

6. Press † or } to move the cursor to 3.67.

Press ~ to move the cursor into the Y1
column.
The value of Y1 at X=3.67 is displayed on
the bottom line in full precision as
410.261226.

Activities 63
7. Press † to display the other maximum.
The value of Y1 at X=3.68 in full precision
is 410.264064, at X=3.69 is 410.262318 and
at X=3.7 is 410.256.
The maximum volume of the box would
occur at 3.68 if you could measure and cut
the paper at .01-centimeter increments.

Setting the Viewing Window

You also can use the graphing features of the TI-84 Plus to find the
maximum value of a previously defined function. When the graph is
activated, the viewing window defines the displayed portion of the
coordinate plane. The values of the window variables determine the size
of the viewing window.

1. Press p to display the window editor,

where you can view and edit the values of
the window variables.

The standard window variables define the

viewing window as shown. Xmin, Xmax,
Ymin, and Ymax define the boundaries of
the display. Xscl and Yscl define the
distance between tick marks on the X and
Y axes. Xres controls resolution.

2. Press 0 Í to define Xmin.

3. Press 20 ¥ 2 to define Xmax using an
expression.

4. Press Í. The expression is evaluated,

and 10 is stored in Xmax. Press Í to
accept Xscl as 1.
5. Press 0 Í 500 Í 100 Í 1 Í
to define the remaining window variables.

64 Activities
Displaying and Tracing the Graph
Now that you have defined the function to be graphed and the window
in which to graph it, you can display and explore the graph. You can
trace along a function using the TRACE feature.

1. Press s to graph the selected function

in the viewing window.
The graph of Y1=(20N2X)(25à2NX)X is
displayed.

2. Press ~ to activate the free-moving graph

cursor.
The X and Y coordinate values for the
position of the graph cursor are displayed
on the bottom line.

3. Press |, ~, }, and † to move the free-

moving cursor to the apparent maximum
of the function.
As you move the cursor, the X and Y
coordinate values are updated continually.

4. Press r. The trace cursor is displayed on

the Y1 function.
The function that you are tracing is
displayed in the top-left corner.
5. Press | and ~ to trace along Y1, one X dot
at a time, evaluating Y1 at each X.
You also can enter your estimate for the
maximum value of X.
6. Press 3 Ë 8. When you press a number key
while in TRACE, the X= prompt is displayed
in the bottom-left corner.

Activities 65
7. Press Í.
The trace cursor jumps to the point on the
Y1 function evaluated at X=3.8.

8. Press | and ~ until you are on the

maximum Y value.
This is the maximum of Y1(X) for the X
pixel values. The actual, precise maximum
may lie between pixel values.

Zooming In on the Graph

To help identify maximums, minimums, roots, and intersections of
functions, you can magnify the viewing window at a specific location
using the ZOOM instructions.

1. Press q to display the ZOOM menu.

This menu is a typical TI-84 Plus menu. To
select an item, you can either press the
number or letter next to the item, or you
can press † until the item number or letter
is highlighted, and then press Í.
2. Press 2 to select 2:Zoom In.
The graph is displayed again. The cursor
has changed to indicate that you are using
a ZOOM instruction.

3. With the cursor near the maximum value

of the function, press Í.
The new viewing window is displayed.
Both XmaxNXmin and YmaxNYmin have
been adjusted by factors of 4, the default
values for the zoom factors.

66 Activities
4. Press p to display the new window
settings.

Finding the Calculated Maximum

You can use a CALCULATE menu operation to calculate a local maximum
of a function.

1. Press y / (above r) to display the

CALCULATE menu. Press 4 to select
4:maximum.
The graph is displayed again with a
Left Bound? prompt.

2. Press | to trace along the curve to a point

to the left of the maximum, and then press
Í.
A 4 at the top of the screen indicates the
selected bound.
A Right Bound? prompt is displayed.
3. Press ~ to trace along the curve to a point
to the right of the maximum, and then
press Í.
A 3 at the top of the screen indicates the
selected bound.
A Guess? prompt is displayed.
4. Press | to trace to a point near the
maximum, and then press Í.

Activities 67
 Or, press 3 Ë 8, and then press Í to
enter a guess for the maximum.
When you press a number key in TRACE,
the X= prompt is displayed in the bottom-
left corner.
Notice how the values for the calculated
maximum compare with the maximums
found with the free-moving cursor, the
trace cursor, and the table.
Note: In steps 2 and 3 above, you can
enter values directly for Left Bound and
Right Bound, in the same way as described
in step 4.

68 Activities
Comparing Test Results Using Box Plots
Problem
An experiment found a significant difference between boys and girls
pertaining to their ability to identify objects held in their left hands, which
are controlled by the right side of their brains, versus their right hands,
which are controlled by the left side of their brains. The TI Graphics team
conducted a similar test for adult men and women.
The test involved 30 small objects, which participants were not allowed to
see. First, they held 15 of the objects one by one in their left hands and
guessed what they were. Then they held the other 15 objects one by one
in their right hands and guessed what they were. Use box plots to
compare visually the correct-guess data from this table.
Each row in the table represents the results observed for one subject.
Note that 10 women and 12 men were tested.

Correct Guesses
Women Women Men Men
Left Right Left Right
8 4 7 12
9 1 8 6
12 8 7 12
11 12 5 12
10 11 7 7
8 11 8 11
12 13 11 12
7 12 4 8
9 11 10 12
11 12 14 11
13 9
5 9

Procedure
1. Press … 5 to select 5:SetUpEditor. Enter list names WLEFT, WRGHT,
MLEFT, and MRGHT, separated by commas. Press Í. The stat list
editor now contains only these four lists.

Activities 69
2. Press … 1 to select 1:Edit.
3. Enter into WLEFT the number of correct guesses each woman made
using her left hand (Women Left). Press ~ to move to WRGHT and
enter the number of correct guesses each woman made using her
right hand (Women Right).
4. Likewise, enter each man’s correct guesses in MLEFT (Men Left) and
MRGHT (Men Right).
5. Press y ,. Select 1:Plot1. Turn on plot 1; define it as a
modified box plot Õ that uses WLEFT. Move the cursor to the top line
and select Plot2. Turn on plot 2; define it as a modified box plot that
uses WRGHT.
6. Press o. Turn off all functions.
7. Press p. Set Xscl=1 and Yscl=0. Press q 9 to select
9:ZoomStat. This adjusts the viewing window and displays the box
plots for the women’s results.
8. Press r.

Women’s left-hand data

Women’s right-hand data

Use | and ~ to examine minX, Q1, Med, Q3, and maxX for each
plot. Notice the outlier to the women’s right-hand data. What is the
median for the left hand? For the right hand? With which hand were
the women more accurate guessers, according to the box plots?
9. Examine the men’s results. Redefine plot 1 to use MLEFT, redefine
plot 2 to use MRGHT. Press r.

Men’s left-hand data

Men’s right-hand data

Press | and ~ to examine minX, Q1, Med, Q3, and maxX for each
plot. What difference do you see between the plots?

70 Activities
10. Compare the left-hand results. Redefine plot 1 to use WLEFT,
redefine plot 2 to use MLEFT, and then press r to examine minX,
Q1, Med, Q3, and maxX for each plot. Who were the better left-
hand guessers, men or women?
11. Compare the right-hand results. Define plot 1 to use WRGHT, define
plot 2 to use MRGHT, and then press r to examine minX, Q1,
Med, Q3, and maxX for each plot. Who were the better right-hand
guessers?
In the original experiment boys did not guess as well with right
hands, while girls guessed equally well with either hand. This is not
what our box plots show for adults. Do you think that this is because
adults have learned to adapt or because our sample was not large
enough?

Activities 71
Graphing Piecewise Functions
Problem
The fine for speeding on a road with a speed limit of 45 kilometers per
hour (kph) is 50; plus 5 for each kph from 46 to 55 kph; plus 10 for each
kph from 56 to 65 kph; plus 20 for each kph from 66 kph and above.
Graph the piecewise function that describes the cost of the ticket.
The fine (Y) as a function of kilometers per hour (X) is:

Y=0 0 < X  45
Y = 50 + 5 (X N 45) 45 < X  55
Y = 50 + 5 … 10 + 10 (X N 55) 55 < X  65
Y = 50 + 5 … 10 + 10 … 10 + 20 (X N 65) 65 < X

Procedure
1. Press z. Select Func and the default settings.
2. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Enter the Y= function
to describe the fine. Use the TEST menu operations to define the
piecewise function. Set the graph style for Y1 to í (dot).

3. Press p and set Xmin=L2, Xscl=10, Ymin=L5, and Yscl=10.

Ignore Xmax and Ymax; they are set by @X and @Y in step 4.
4. Press y 5 to return to the home screen. Store 1 to @X, and then
store 5 to @Y. @X and @Y are on the VARS Window X/Y secondary
menu. @X and @Y specify the horizontal and vertical distance
between the centers of adjacent pixels. Integer values for @X and @Y
produce nice values for tracing.
5. Press r to plot the function. At what speed does the ticket
exceed 250?

72 Activities
Graphing Inequalities
Problem
Graph the inequality 0.4x3 N 3x + 5 < 0.2x + 4. Use the TEST menu
operations to explore the values of X where the inequality is true and
where it is false.

Procedure
1. Press z. Select Dot, Simul, and the default settings. Setting Dot
mode changes all graph style icons to í (dot) in the Y= editor.
2. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Enter the left side of the
inequality as Y4 and the right side as Y5.

3. Enter the statement of the inequality as Y6. This function evaluates

to 1 if true or 0 if false.

4. Press q 6 to graph the inequality in the standard window.

5. Press r † † to move to Y6. Then press | and ~ to trace the
inequality, observing the value of Y.

6. Press o. Turn off Y4, Y5, and Y6. Enter equations to graph only the
inequality.

Activities 73
7. Press r. Notice that the values of Y7 and Y8 are zero where the
inequality is false.

74 Activities
Solving a System of Nonlinear Equations
Problem
Using a graph, solve the equation x3N2x=2cos(x). Stated another way,
solve the system of two equations and two unknowns: y = x 3N2x and y =
2cos(x). Use ZOOM factors to control the decimal places displayed on the
graph.

Procedure
1. Press z. Select the default mode settings. Press o. Turn off all
functions and stat plots. Enter the functions.

2. Press q 4 to select 4:ZDecimal. The display shows that two

solutions may exist (points where the two functions appear to
intersect).

3. Press q ~ 4 to select 4:SetFactors from the ZOOM MEMORY

menu. Set XFact=10 and YFact=10.
4. Press q 2 to select 2:Zoom In. Use |, ~, }, and † to move the
free-moving cursor onto the apparent intersection of the functions
on the right side of the display. As you move the cursor, notice that
the X and Y values have one decimal place.
5. Press Í to zoom in. Move the cursor over the intersection. As you
move the cursor, notice that now the X and Y values have two
decimal places.
6. Press Í to zoom in again. Move the free-moving cursor onto a
point exactly on the intersection. Notice the number of decimal
places.
7. Press y / 5 to select 5:intersect. Press Í to select the first
curve and Í to select the second curve. To guess, move the trace
cursor near the intersection. Press Í. What are the coordinates of
the intersection point?
8. Press q 4 to select 4:ZDecimal to redisplay the original graph.

Activities 75
9. Press q. Select 2:Zoom In and repeat steps 4 through 8 to explore
the apparent function intersection on the left side of the display.

76 Activities
Using a Program to Create the Sierpinski Triangle
Setting up the Program
This program creates a drawing of a famous fractal, the Sierpinski
Triangle, and stores the drawing to a picture. To begin, press  ~ ~
1. Name the program SIERPINS, and then press Í. The program
editor is displayed.

Program

PROGRAM:SIERPINS
:FnOff :ClrDraw
:PlotsOff
:AxesOff
:0!Xmin:1!Xmax Set viewing window.
:0!Ymin:1!Ymax

:rand!X:rand!Y
:For(K,1,3000) Beginning of For group.
:rand!N

:If N1 à3
:Then
:.5X!X If/Then group
:.5Y!Y
:End

:If 1 à3 <N and N2 à3

:Then
:.5(.5+X)!X If/Then group.
:.5(1+Y)!Y
:End

:If 2 à3 <N
:Then
:.5(1+X)!X If/Then group.
:.5Y!Y
:End

:Pt-On(X,Y) Draw point.

:End End of For group.
:StorePic 6 Store picture.

Activities 77
After you execute the program above, you can recall and display the
picture with the instruction RecallPic 6.

78 Activities
Graphing Cobweb Attractors
Problem
Using Web format, you can identify points with attracting and repelling
behavior in sequence graphing.

Procedure
1. Press z. Select Seq and the default mode settings. Press y
.. Select Web format and the default format settings.
2. Press o. Clear all functions and turn off all stat plots. Enter the
sequence that corresponds to the expression Y = K X(1NX).
u(n)=Ku(nN1)(1Nu(nN1))
u(nMin)=.01
3. Press y 5 to return to the home screen, and then store 2.9 to K.
4. Press p. Set the window variables.

nMin=0 Xmin=0 Ymin=M.26

nMax=10 Xmax=1 Ymax=1.1
PlotStart=1 Xscl=1 Yscl=1
PlotStep=1

5. Press r to display the graph, and then press ~ to trace the

cobweb. This is a cobweb with one attractor.

6. Change K to 3.44 and trace the graph to show a cobweb with two
attractors.
7. Change K to 3.54 and trace the graph to show a cobweb with four
attractors.

Activities 79
Using a Program to Guess the Coefficients
Setting Up the Program
This program graphs the function A sin(BX) with random integer
coefficients between 1 and 10. Try to guess the coefficients and graph
your guess as C sin(DX). The program continues until your guess is
correct.

Program

PROGRAM:GUESS
:PlotsOff :Func
:FnOff :Radian
:ClrHome
:"Asin(BX)"!Y1 Define equations.
:"Csin(DX)"!Y2

:GraphStyle(1,1) Set line and path graph styles.

:GraphStyle(2,5)

:FnOff 2
:randInt(1,10)!A
:randInt(1,10)!B Initialize coefficients.
:0!C:0!D
:L2p!Xmin
:2p!Xmax
:pà2!Xscl
:L10!Ymin Set viewing window.
:10!Ymax
:1!Yscl

:DispGraph
:Pause Display graph.

:FnOn 2
:Lbl Z
:Prompt C,D Prompt for guess.

:DispGraph
:Pause Display graph.

80 Activities
:If C=A
:Text(1,1,"C IS OK")
:If CƒA
:Text(1,1,"C IS Display results.
WRONG")
:If D=B
:Text(1,50,"D IS OK")
:If DƒB
:Text(1,50,"D IS
WRONG")
:DispGraph
:Pause Display graph.

:If C=A and D=B

:Stop Quit if guesses are correct.
:Goto Z

Activities 81
Graphing the Unit Circle and Trigonometric Curves
Problem
Using parametric graphing mode, graph the unit circle and the sine curve
to show the relationship between them.
Any function that can be plotted in Func mode can be plotted in Par
mode by defining the X component as T and the Y component as F(T).

Procedure
1. Press z. Select Par, Simul, and the default settings.
2. Press p. Set the viewing window.

Tmin=0 Xmin=L2 Ymin=L3

Tmax=2p Xmax=7.4 Ymax=3
Tstep=.1 Xscl=pà2 Yscl=1

3. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Enter the expressions
to define the unit circle centered on (0,0).

4. Enter the expressions to define the sine curve.

5. Press r. As the graph is plotting, you may press Í to pause

and Í again to resume graphing as you watch the sine function
“unwrap” from the unit circle.

Note: You can generalize the unwrapping. Replace sin(T) in Y2T with
any other trig function to unwrap that function.

82 Activities
Finding the Area between Curves
Problem
Find the area of the region bounded by:

f(x) = 300x / (x2 + 625)

g(x) = 3cos(.1x)
x = 75

Procedure
1. Press z. Select the default mode settings.

2. Press p. Set the viewing window.

Xmin=0 Ymin=L5 Xres=1

Xmax=100 Ymax=10
Xscl=10 Yscl=1

3. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Enter the upper and
lower functions.
Y1=300Xà(X2+625)
Y2=3cos(.1X)
4. Press y / 5 to select 5:Intersect. The graph is displayed. Select a
first curve, second curve, and guess for the intersection toward the
left side of the display. The solution is displayed, and the value of X
at the intersection, which is the lower limit of the integral, is stored
in Ans and X.
5. Press y 5 to go to the home screen. Press y < 7 and use
Shade( to see the area graphically.
Shade(Y2,Y1,Ans,75)

6. Press y 5 to return to the home screen. Enter the expression to

evaluate the integral for the shaded region.
fnInt(Y1NY2,X,Ans,75)
The area is 325.839962.

Activities 83
Using Parametric Equations: Ferris Wheel Problem
Problem
Using two pairs of parametric equations, determine when two objects in
motion are closest to each other in the same plane.
A ferris wheel has a diameter (d) of 20 meters and is rotating
counterclockwise at a rate (s) of one revolution every 12 seconds. The
parametric equations below describe the location of a ferris wheel
passenger at time T, where a is the angle of rotation, (0,0) is the bottom
center of the ferris wheel, and (10,10) is the passenger’s location at the
rightmost point, when T=0.

X(T) = r cos a where a = 2pTs and r = dà2

Y(T) = r + r sin a

A person standing on the ground throws a ball to the ferris wheel

passenger. The thrower’s arm is at the same height as the bottom of the
ferris wheel, but 25 meters (b) to the right of the ferris wheel’s lowest
point (25,0). The person throws the ball with velocity (v0) of 22 meters per
second at an angle (q) of 66¡ from the horizontal. The parametric
equations below describe the location of the ball at time T.

X(T) = b N Tv 0 cosq
Y(T) = Tv 0 sinq N (gà2) T 2 where g = 9.8 m/sec2

Procedure
1. Press z. Select Par, Simul, and the default settings. Simul
(simultaneous) mode simulates the two objects in motion over time.
2. Press p. Set the viewing window.

Tmin=0 Xmin=L13 Ymin=0

Tmax=12 Xmax=34 Ymax=31
Tstep=.1 Xscl=10 Yscl=10

3. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Enter the expressions to
define the path of the ferris wheel and the path of the ball. Set the
graph style for X2T to ë (path).

84 Activities
 Note: Try setting the graph styles to ë X1T and ì X2T, which
simulates a chair on the ferris wheel and the ball flying through the
air when you press s.
4. Press s to graph the equations. Watch closely as they are
plotted. Notice that the ball and the ferris wheel passenger appear
to be closest where the paths cross in the top-right quadrant of the
ferris wheel.

5. Press p. Change the viewing window to concentrate on this

portion of the graph.

Tmin=1 Xmin=0 Ymin=10

Tmax=3 Xmax=23.5 Ymax=25.5
Tstep=.03 Xscl=10 Yscl=10

6. Press r. After the graph is plotted, press ~ to move near the

point on the ferris wheel where the paths cross. Notice the values of
X, Y, and T.

7. Press † to move to the path of the ball. Notice the values of X and Y
(T is unchanged). Notice where the cursor is located. This is the
position of the ball when the ferris wheel passenger passes the
intersection. Did the ball or the passenger reach the intersection
first?

Activities 85
 You can use r to, in effect, take snapshots in time and explore
the relative behavior of two objects in motion.

86 Activities
Demonstrating the Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus
Problem 1
Using the functions fnInt( and nDeriv( from the MATH menu to graph
functions defined by integrals and derivatives demonstrates graphically
that:
x
F(x) = ∫1 dt = ln ( x ) , x > 0 and that

x
1 1
Dx ∫1 --t- dt = ---
x

Procedure 1
1. Press z. Select the default settings.
2. Press p. Set the viewing window.

Xmin=.01 Ymin=L1.5 Xres=3

Xmax=10 Ymax=2.5
Xscl=1 Yscl=1

3. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Enter the numerical
integral of 1àT from 1 to X and the function ln(X). Set the graph style
for Y1 to ç (line) and Y2 to ë (path).

4. Press r. Press |, }, ~, and † to compare the values of Y1 and

Y2.
5. Press o. Turn off Y1 and Y2, and then enter the numerical derivative
of the integral of 1àX and the function 1àX. Set the graph style for
Y3 to ç (line) and Y4 to è (thick).

Activities 87
6. Press r. Again, use the cursor keys to compare the values of the
two graphed functions, Y3 and Y4.

Problem 2
Explore the functions defined by
x x x
2 2 2
y = ∫2 t dt , ∫0 t dt , and ∫2 t dt
Procedure 2
1. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Use a list to define
these three functions simultaneously. Store the function in Y5.

2. Press q 6 to select 6:ZStandard.

3. Press r. Notice that the functions appear identical, only shifted
vertically by a constant.
4. Press o. Enter the numerical derivative of Y5 in Y6.

5. Press r. Notice that although the three graphs defined by Y5 are

different, they share the same derivative.

88 Activities
Activities 89
Computing Areas of Regular N-Sided Polygons
Problem
Use the equation solver to store a formula for the area of a regular
N-sided polygon, and then solve for each variable, given the other
variables. Explore the fact that the limiting case is the area of a circle, pr2.
Consider the formula A = NB 2 sin(pàN) cos(pàN) for the area of a regular
polygon with N sides of equal length and B distance from the center to a
vertex.

N = 4 sides N = 8 sides N = 12 sides

Procedure
1. Press  0 to select 0:Solver from the MATH menu. Either the
equation editor or the interactive solver editor is displayed. If the
interactive solver editor is displayed, press } to display the equation
editor.
2. Enter the formula as 0=ANNB2sin(p / N)cos(p / N), and then press
Í. The interactive solver editor is displayed.

3. Enter N=4 and B=6 to find the area (A) of a square with a distance
(B) from center to vertex of 6 centimeters.
4. Press } } to move the cursor onto A, and then press ă \.
The solution for A is displayed on the interactive solver editor.

90 Activities
5. Now solve for B for a given area with various number of sides. Enter
A=200 and N=6. To find the distance B, move the cursor onto B, and
then press ƒ \.
6. Enter N=8. To find the distance B, move the cursor onto B, and then
press ƒ \. Find B for N=9, and then for N=10.
Find the area given B=6, and N=10, 100, 150, 1000, and 10000. Compare
your results with p62 (the area of a circle with radius 6), which is
approximately 113.097.
7. Enter B=6. To find the area A, move the cursor onto A, and then
press ƒ \. Find A for N=10, then N=100, then N=150, then
N=1000, and finally N=10000. Notice that as N gets large, the area A
approaches pB2.
Now graph the equation to see visually how the area changes as the
number of sides gets large.
8. Press z. Select the default mode settings.
9. Press p. Set the viewing window.

Xmin=0 Ymin=0 Xres=1

Xmax=200 Ymax=150
Xscl=10 Yscl=10

10. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Enter the equation for
the area. Use X in place of N. Set the graph styles as shown.

11. Press r. After the graph is plotted, press 100 Í to trace to

X=100. Press 150 Í. Press 188 Í. Notice that as X increases,
the value of Y converges to p62, which is approximately 113.097.
Y2=pB2 (the area of the circle) is a horizontal asymptote to Y1. The

Activities 91
 area of an N-sided regular polygon, with r as the distance from the
center to a vertex, approaches the area of a circle with radius r (pr 2)
as N gets large.

92 Activities
Computing and Graphing Mortgage Payments
Problem
You are a loan officer at a mortgage company, and you recently closed
on a 30-year home mortgage at 8 percent interest with monthly
payments of 800. The new home owners want to know how much will be
applied to the interest and how much will be applied to the principal
when they make the 240th payment 20 years from now.

Procedure
1. Press z and set the fixed-decimal mode to 2 decimal places. Set
the other mode settings to the defaults.
2. Press Œ Í Í to display the TVM Solver. Enter these values.

Note: Enter a positive number (800) to show PMT as a cash inflow.

Payment values will be displayed as positive numbers on the graph.
Enter 0 for FV, since the future value of a loan is 0 once it is paid in
full. Enter PMT: END, since payment is due at the end of a period.
3. Move the cursor onto the PV= prompt, and then press ƒ \.
The present value, or mortgage amount, of the house is displayed at
the PV= prompt.

Now compare the graph of the amount of interest with the graph of the
amount of principal for each payment.
4. Press z. Set Par and Simul.
5. Press o. Turn off all functions and stat plots. Enter these equations
and set the graph styles as shown.

Activities 93
 Note: GPrn( and GInt( are located on the FINANCE menu (APPS
1:FINANCE).
6. Press p. Set these window variables.

Tmin=1 Xmin=0 Ymin=0

Tmax=360 Xmax=360 Ymax=1000
Tstep=12 Xscl=10 Yscl=100

Note: To increase the graph speed, change Tstep to 24.

7. Press r. After the graph is drawn, press 240 Í to move the
trace cursor to T=240, which is equivalent to 20 years of payments.

The graph shows that for the 240th payment (X=240), 358.03 of the
800 payment is applied to principal (Y=358.03).
Note: The sum of the payments (Y3T=Y1T+Y2T) is always 800.
8. Press † to move the cursor onto the function for interest defined by
X2T and Y2T. Enter 240.

The graph shows that for the 240th payment (X=240), 441.97 of the
800 payment is interest (Y=441.97).
9. Press y 5 Œ Í 9 to paste 9:bal( to the home screen. Check
the figures from the graph.

94 Activities
At which monthly payment will the principal allocation surpass the
interest allocation?

Activities 95
96 Activities
 3
Memory and Variable Management

Checking Available Memory

MEMORY Menu
At any time you can check available memory or manage existing memory
by selecting items from the MEMORY menu. To access this menu, press
y L.

MEMORY
1: About... Displays information about the graphing
calculator including current OS version number.
2: Mem Mgmt/Del... Reports memory availability and variable
usage.
3: Clear Entries Clears ENTRY (last-entry storage).
4: ClrAllLists Clears all lists in memory.
5: Archive... Archives a selected variable.
6: UnArchive... UnArchives a selected variable.
7: Reset... Displays the RAM, ARCHIVE, and ALL menus
8: Group... Displays GROUP and UNGROUP menus.

To check memory availability, first press y L and then select

2:Mem Mgmt/Del.

RAM FREE displays the amount of

available RAM.

ARC FREE displays the amount of

available Archive.

Memory and Variable Management 97

Available RAM, Archive, and App Slots
The TI-84 Plus / TI-84 Plus Silver Edition has Archive, RAM, and
Application (App) slot memory for you to use and manage. The available
RAM stores computations, lists, variables, and data. The available Archive
lets you store programs, Apps, groups, and other variables. The App slots
are actually individual sectors of Flash ROM where Apps are stored.

Graphing Available RAM Available App

calculator Archive Slots
TI-84 Plus 24 Kilobytes 491 Kilobytes 30
TI-84 Plus Silver 24 Kilobytes 1.5 Megabytes 94
Edition

Note: Some Apps take up several App slots.

Displaying the About Screen

About displays information about the TI-84 Plus Operating System (OS)
Version, Product Number, Product Identification (ID), and Flash
Application (App) Certificate Revision Number. To display the About
screen, press y L and then select 1:About.
Displays the type of
Displays the Product ID.
graphing calculator.
Each Flash-based graphing
calculator has a unique
product ID, which you
may need if you contact
Displays the OS version.
technical support. You can
As new software
also use this 14 digit ID to
upgrades become
register your calculator at
available, you can
education.ti.com, or
electronically upgrade
identify your calculator in
your unit.
the event that it is lost or
stolen.

Displaying the MEMORY MANAGEMENT/DELETE Menu

Mem Mgmt/Del displays the MEMORY MANAGEMENT/DELETE menu.
The two lines at the top report the total amount of available RAM (RAM
FREE) and Archive (ARC FREE) memory. By selecting menu items on this
screen, you can see the amount of memory each variable type is using.
This information can help you determine if you need to delete variables
from memory to make room for new data, such as programs or Apps.
To check memory usage, follow these steps.

98 Memory and Variable Management

1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.

Note: The # and $ in the top or bottom

of the left column indicate that you can
scroll up or down to view more variable
types.

2. Select 2:Mem Mgmt/Del to display the MEMORY

MANAGEMENT/DELETE menu. The TI-84 Plus expresses memory
quantities in bytes.

3. Select variable types from the list to display memory usage.

Notes: Real, List, Y-Vars, and Prgm variable types never reset to
zero, even after memory is cleared.
Apps are independent applications which are stored in Flash ROM.
AppVars is a variable holder used to store variables created by Apps.
You cannot edit or change variables in AppVars unless you do so
through the application which created them.
To leave the MEMORY MANAGEMENT/DELETE menu, press either
y 5 or ‘. Both options display the home screen.

Memory and Variable Management 99

Deleting Items from Memory
Deleting an Item
To increase available memory by deleting the contents of any variable
(real or complex number, list, matrix, Y= variable, program, Apps,
AppVars, picture, graph database, or string), follow these steps.
1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.
2. Select 2:Mem Mgmt/Del to display the MEMORY
MANAGEMENT/DELETE menu.
3. Select the type of data you want to delete, or select 1:All for a list of
all variables of all types. A screen is displayed listing each variable of
the type you selected and the number of bytes each variable is using.
For example, if you select 4:List, the LIST editor screen is displayed.

4. Press } and † to move the selection cursor (4) next to the item you
want to delete, and then press {. The variable is deleted from
memory. You can delete individual variables one by one from this
screen. No warning will be given to verify the deletion.
Note: If you are deleting programs or Apps, you will receive a
message asking you to confirm this delete action. Select 2:Yes to
continue.
To leave any variable screen without deleting anything, press
y 5, which displays the home screen.
You cannot delete some system variables, such as the last-answer
variable Ans and the statistical variable RegEQ.

100 Memory and Variable Management

Clearing Entries and List Elements
Clear Entries
Clear Entries clears the contents of the ENTRY (last entry on home
screen) storage area. To clear the ENTRY storage area, follow these steps.
1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.
2. Select 3:Clear Entries to paste the instruction to the home screen.
3. Press Í to clear the ENTRY storage area.

To cancel Clear Entries, press ‘.

Note: If you select 3:Clear Entries from within a program, the Clear
Entries instruction is pasted to the program editor, and the Entry (last
entry) is cleared when the program is executed.

ClrAllLists
ClrAllLists sets the dimension of each list in RAM to 0.

To clear all elements from all lists, follow these steps.

1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.
2. Select 4:ClrAllLists to paste the instruction to the home screen.
3. Press Í to set the dimension of each list in memory to 0.

To cancel ClrAllLists, press ‘.

ClrAllLists does not delete list names from memory, from the LIST
NAMES menu, or from the stat list editor.

Note: If you select 4:ClrAllLists from within a program, the ClrAllLists

instruction is pasted to the program editor. The lists are cleared when the
program is executed.

Memory and Variable Management 101

Archiving and UnArchiving Variables
Archiving and UnArchiving Variables
Archiving lets you store data, programs, or other variables to the user
data archive (ARC) where they cannot be edited or deleted inadvertently.
Archiving also allows you to free up RAM for variables that may require
additional memory.
Archived variables cannot be edited or executed. They can only be seen
and unarchived. For example, if you archive list L1, you will see that L1
exists in memory but if you select it and paste the name L1 to the home
screen, you won’t be able to see its contents or edit it.
Note: Not all variables may be archived. Not all archived variables may
be unarchived. For example, system variables including r, t, x, y, and q
cannot be archived. Apps and Groups always exist in Flash ROM so there
is no need to archive them. Groups cannot be unarchived. However, you
can ungroup or delete them.

Archive? UnArchive?
Variable Type Names (yes/no) (yes/no)
Real numbers A, B, ... , Z yes yes
Complex A, B, ... , Z yes yes
numbers
Matrices [A], [B], [C], ... , [J] yes yes
Lists L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, yes yes
and user-defined
names
Programs yes yes

Functions Y1, Y2, . . . , Y9, Y0 no not

applicable
Parametric X1T and Y1T, ... , X6T no not
equations and Y6T applicable
Polar functions r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6 no not
applicable
Sequence u, v, w no not
functions applicable
Stat plots Plot1, Plot2, Plot3 no not
applicable

102 Memory and Variable Management

 Archive? UnArchive?
Variable Type Names (yes/no) (yes/no)
Graph GDB1, GDB2,... yes yes
databases
Graph pictures Pic1, Pic2, ... , Pic9, yes yes
Pic0
Strings Str1, Str2, . . . Str9, yes yes
Str0
Tables TblStart, Tb1, TblInput no not
applicable
Apps Applications see Note no
above
AppVars Application variables yes yes
Groups see Note no
above
Variables with minX, maxX, RegEQ, no not
reserved names and others applicable
System variables Xmin, Xmax, and no not
others applicable

Archiving and unarchiving can be done in two ways:

• Use the 5:Archive or 6:UnArchive commands from the MEMORY
menu or CATALOG.
• Use a Memory Management editor screen.
Before archiving or unarchiving variables, particularly those with a large
byte size (such as large programs) use the MEMORY menu to:
• Find the size of the variable.
• See if there is enough free space.

For: Sizes must be such that:

Archive Archive free size > variable size
UnArchive RAM free size > variable size

Memory and Variable Management 103

Note: If there is not enough space, unarchive or delete variables as
necessary. Be aware that when you unarchive a variable, not all the
memory associated with that variable in user data archive will be
released since the system keeps track of where the variable has been and
where it is now in RAM.
Even if there appears to be enough free space, you may see a Garbage
Collection message when you attempt to archive a variable. Depending
on the usability of empty blocks in the user data archive, you may need
to unarchive existing variables to create more free space.
To archive or unarchive a list variable (L1) using the Archive/UnArchive
options from the MEMORY menu:
1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.

2. Select 5:Archive or 6:UnArchive to place the command in the Home

screen.
3. Press y d to place the L1 variable in the Home screen.

4. Press Í to complete the archive process.

Note: An asterisk will be displayed to the left of the Archived variable

name to indicate it is archived.
To archive or unarchive a list variable (L1) using a Memory Management
editor:
1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.

104 Memory and Variable Management

2. Select 2:Mem Mgmt/Del to display the MEMORY
MANAGEMENT/DELETE menu.

3. Select 4:List to display the LIST menu.

4. Press Í to archive L1. An asterisk will appear to the left of L1 to

indicate it is an archived variable. To unarchive a variable in this
screen, put the cursor next to the archived variable and press Í.
The asterisk will disappear.

5. Press y 5 to leave the LIST menu.

Note: You can access an archived variable for the purpose of linking,
deleting, or unarchiving it, but you cannot edit it.

Memory and Variable Management 105

Resetting the TI-84 Plus
RAM ARCHIVE ALL Menu
Reset displays the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu. This menu gives you the
option of resetting all memory (including default settings) or resetting
selected portions of memory while preserving other data stored in
memory, such as programs and Y= functions. For instance, you can
choose to reset all of RAM or just restore the default settings. Be aware
that if you choose to reset RAM, all data and programs in RAM will be
erased. For archive memory, you can reset variables (Vars), applications
(Apps), or both of these. Be aware that if you choose to reset Vars, all
data and programs in archive memory will be erased. If you choose to
reset Apps, all applications in archive memory will be erased.
When you reset defaults on the TI-84 Plus, all defaults in RAM are
restored to the factory settings. Stored data and programs are not
changed.
These are some examples of TI-84 Plus defaults that are restored by
resetting the defaults.
• Mode settings such as Normal (notation); Func (graphing); Real
(numbers); and Full (screen)
• Y= functions off
• Window variable values such as Xmin=L10, Xmax=10, Xscl=1, Yscl=1,
and Xres=1
• STAT PLOTS off
• Format settings such as CoordOn (graphing coordinates on);
AxesOn; and ExprOn (expression on)
• rand seed value to 0

Displaying the RAM ARCHIVE ALL Menu

To display the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu on the TI-84 Plus, follow these
steps.
1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.
2. Select 7:Reset to display the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu.

106 Memory and Variable Management

Resetting RAM Memory
Resetting all RAM restores RAM system variables to factory settings and
deletes all nonsystem variables and all programs. Resetting RAM defaults
restores all system variables to default settings without deleting variables
and programs in RAM. Resetting all RAM or resetting defaults does not
affect variables and applications in user data archive.
Note: Before you reset all RAM memory, consider restoring sufficient
available memory by deleting only selected data.
To reset all RAM memory or RAM defaults on the TI-84 Plus, follow these
steps.
1. From the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu, select 1:All RAM to display the
RESET RAM menu or 2:Defaults to display the RESET DEFAULTS
menu.

2. If you are resetting RAM, read the message below the RESET RAM
menu.
• To cancel the reset and return to the HOME screen, press Í.
• To erase RAM memory or reset defaults, select 2:Reset.
Depending on your choice, the message RAM cleared or
Defaults set is displayed on the home screen.

Resetting Archive Memory

When resetting archive memory on the TI-84 Plus, you can choose to
delete from user data archive all variables, all applications, or both
variables and applications.
To reset all or part of user data archive memory, follow these steps.
1. From the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu, press ~ to display the ARCHIVE
menu.

2. Select one of the following:

Memory and Variable Management 107

 1:Vars to display the RESET ARC VARS menu.

2:Apps to display the RESET ARC APPS menu.

3:Both to display the RESET ARC BOTH menu.

3. Read the message below the menu.

• To cancel the reset and return to the HOME screen, press Í.
• To continue with the reset, select 2:Reset. A message indicating
the type of archive memory cleared will be displayed on the
HOME screen.

Resetting All Memory

When resetting all memory on the TI-84 Plus, RAM and user data archive
memory is restored to factory settings. All nonsystem variables,
applications, and programs are deleted. All system variables are reset to
default settings.
Before you reset all memory, consider restoring sufficient available
memory by deleting only selected data.
To reset all memory on the TI-84 Plus, follow these steps.

108 Memory and Variable Management

1. From the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu, press ~ ~ to display the ALL
menu.

2. Select 1:All Memory to display the RESET MEMORY menu.

3. Read the message below the RESET MEMORY menu.

• To cancel the reset and return to the HOME screen, press Í.
• To continue with the reset, select 2:Reset. The message
MEM cleared is displayed on the HOME screen.
When you clear memory, the contrast sometimes changes. If the screen is
faded or blank, adjust the contrast by pressing y } or †.

Memory and Variable Management 109

Grouping and Ungrouping Variables
Grouping Variables
Grouping allows you to make a copy of two or more variables residing in
RAM and then store them as a group in user data archive. The variables
in RAM are not erased. The variables must exist in RAM before they can
be grouped. In other words, archived data cannot be included in a group.
Once grouped, the variables can be deleted from RAM to open memory.
When the variables are needed later, they can be ungrouped for use.
To create a group of variables:
1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.

2. Select 8:Group to display GROUP UNGROUP menu.

3. Press Í to display the GROUP menu.

4. Enter a name for the new group and press Í.

Note: A group name can be one to eight characters long. The first
character must be a letter from A to Z or q. The second through
eighth characters can be letters, numbers, or q.

5. Select the type of data you want to group. You can select 1:All+
which shows all variables of all types available and selected. You can
also select 1:All- which shows all variables of all types available but
not selected. A screen is displayed listing each variable of the type
you selected.

110 Memory and Variable Management

 For example, suppose some variables have been created in RAM, and
selecting 1:All- displays the following screen.

6. Press } and † to move the selection cursor (4) next to the first item
you want to copy into a group, and then press Í. A small square
will remain to the left of all variables selected for grouping.

Repeat the selection process until all variables for the new group are
selected and then press ~ to display the DONE menu.

7. Press Í to complete the grouping process.

Note: You can only group variables in RAM. You cannot group some
system variables, such as the last-answer variable Ans and the statistical
variable RegEQ.

Memory and Variable Management 111

Ungrouping Variables
Ungrouping allows you to make a copy of variables in a group stored in
user data archive and place them ungrouped in RAM.

DuplicateName Menu
During the ungrouping action, if a duplicate variable name is detected in
RAM, the DUPLICATE NAME menu is displayed.

DuplicateName
1: Rename Prompts to rename receiving variable.
2: Overwrite Overwrites data in receiving duplicate variable.
3: Overwrite All Overwrites data in all receiving duplicate
variables.
4: Omit Skips ungrouping of sending variable.
5: Quit Stops ungrouping at duplicate variable.

Notes about Menu Items:

• When you select 1:Rename, the Name= prompt is displayed, and
alpha-lock is on. Enter a new variable name, and then press Í.
Ungrouping resumes.
• When you select 2:Overwrite, the unit overwrites the data of the
duplicate variable name found in RAM. Ungrouping resumes.
• When you select 3: Overwrite All, the unit overwrites the data of all
duplicate variable names found in RAM. Ungrouping resumes.
• When you select 4:Omit, the unit does not ungroup the variable in
conflict with the duplicated variable name found in RAM.
Ungrouping resumes with the next item.
• When you select 5:Quit, ungrouping stops, and no further changes
are made.
To ungroup a group of variables:
1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.

2. Select 8:Group to display the GROUP UNGROUP menu.

3. Press ~ to display the UNGROUP menu.

112 Memory and Variable Management

4. Press } and † to move the selection cursor (4) next to the group
variable you want to ungroup, and then press Í.

The ungroup action is completed.

Note: Ungrouping does not remove the group from user data archive.
You must delete the group in user data archive to remove it.

Memory and Variable Management 113

Garbage Collection
Garbage Collection Message
If you use the user data archive extensively, you may see a Garbage
Collect? message. This occurs if you try to archive a variable when there
is not enough free contiguous archive memory.
The Garbage Collect? message lets you know an archive will take longer
than usual. It also alerts you that the archive will fail if there is not
enough memory.
The message can also alert you when a program is caught in a loop that
repetitively fills the user data archive. Select No to cancel the garbage
collection process, and then find and correct the errors in your program.
When YES is selected, the TI-84 Plus will attempt to rearrange the
archived variables to make additional room.

Responding to the Garbage Collection Message

• To cancel, select 1:No.
• If you select 1:No, the message
ERR:ARCHIVE FULL will be displayed.
• To continue archiving, select 2:Yes.
• If you select 2:Yes, the process message
Garbage Collecting... or Defragmenting...
will be displayed.

Note: The process message Defragmenting... is displayed whenever an

application marked for deletion is encountered. Garbage collection may
take up to 20 minutes, depending on how much of archive memory has
been used to store variables.
After garbage collection, depending on how much additional space is
freed, the variable may or may not be archived. If not, you can unarchive
some variables and try again.

Why Is Garbage Collection Necessary?

The user data archive is divided into sectors. When you first begin
archiving, variables are stored consecutively in sector 1. This continues to
the end of the sector.

114 Memory and Variable Management

An archived variable is stored in a continuous block within a single sector.
Unlike an application stored in user data archive, an archived variable
cannot cross a sector boundary. If there is not enough space left in the
sector, the next variable is stored at the beginning of the next sector.
Typically, this leaves an empty block at the end of the previous sector.

variable A Sector 1

variable B Empty
block

variable D variable C Sector 2

Depending on its size,

variable D is stored in one
of these locations. Sector 3

Each variable that you archive is stored in the first empty block large
enough to hold it.
This process continues to the end of the last sector. Depending on the
size of individual variables, the empty blocks may account for a
significant amount of space. Garbage collection occurs when the variable
you are archiving is larger than any empty block.

How Unarchiving a Variable Affects the Process

When you unarchive a variable, it is copied to RAM but it is not actually
deleted from user data archive memory. Unarchived variables are
“marked for deletion,” meaning they will be deleted during the next
garbage collection.
Sector 1
variable A

After you unarchive

variables B and C, they
continue to take up
space. Sector 2

variable D

Sector 3

Memory and Variable Management 115

If the MEMORY Screen Shows Enough Free Space
Even if the MEMORY screen shows enough free space to archive a
variable or store an application, you may still get a Garbage Collect?
message or an ERR: ARCHIVE FULL message.
When you unarchive a variable, the Archive free amount increases
immediately, but the space is not actually available until after the next
garbage collection.
If the Archive free amount shows enough available space for your
variable, there probably will be enough space to archive it after garbage
collection (depending on the usability of any empty blocks).

The Garbage Collection Process

The garbage collection process:

• Deletes unarchived variables

Sector 1
from the user data archive. variable A

• Rearranges the remaining

variable D
variables into consecutive blocks.

Sector 2

Note: Power loss during garbage collection may cause all memory (RAM
and Archive) to be deleted.

Using the GarbageCollect Command

You can reduce the number of automatic garbage collections by
periodically optimizing memory. This is done by using the
GarbageCollect command.

To use the GarbageCollect command, follow these steps.

1. From the HOME screen, press y N to display the CATALOG.

2. Press † or } to scroll the CATALOG until the selection cursor points

to the GarbageCollect command or press G to skip to the commands
starting with the letter G.

116 Memory and Variable Management

3. Press Í to paste the command to the HOME screen.
4. Press Í to display the Garbage Collect? message.
5. Select 2:Yes to begin garbage collection.

Memory and Variable Management 117

ERR:ARCHIVE FULL Message
Even if the MEMORY screen shows enough free
space to archive a variable or store an
application, you may still get an ERR: ARCHIVE
FULL message.

An ERR:ARCHIVE FULL message may be displayed:

• When there is insufficient space to archive a variable within a
continuous block and within a single sector.
• When there is insufficient space to store an application within a
continuous block of memory.
When the message is displayed, it will indicate the largest single space of
memory available for storing a variable and an application.
To resolve the problem, use the GarbageCollect command to optimize
memory. If memory is still insufficient, you must delete variables or
applications to increase space.

118 Memory and Variable Management

 4
Communication Link

Getting Started: Sending Variables

Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details.
Create and store a variable and a matrix, and then transfer them to
another TI-84 Plus.

1. On the home screen of the sending unit,

press 5 Ë 5 ¿ ƒ Q. Press Í to
store 5.5 to Q.
2. Press y H y H 1 ¢ 2 y I y H 3 ¢
4 y I y I ¿ y > 1. Press
Í to store the matrix to [A].
3. On the sending unit, press y L to
display the MEMORY menu.

4. On the sending unit, press 2 to select

2:Mem Mgmt/Del. The MEMORY
MANAGEMENT menu is displayed.

5. On the sending unit, press 5 to select

5:Matrix. The MATRIX editor screen is
displayed.

6. On the sending unit, press Í to archive

[A]. An asterisk (ä) will appear, signifying
that [A] is now archived.

Communication Link 119

7. Connect the graphing calculators with the
USB unit-to-unit cable. Push both ends in
firmly.
8. On the receiving unit, press y 8 ~ to
display the RECEIVE menu. Press 1 to select
1:Receive. The message Waiting... is
displayed and the busy indicator is on.
9. On the sending unit, press y 8 to
display the SEND menu.
10. Press 2 to select 2:AllN. The AllN SELECT
screen is displayed.

11. Press † until the selection cursor ( 4 ) is

next to [A] MATRX. Press Í.
12. Press † until the selection cursor is next to
Q REAL. Press Í. A square dot next to
[A] and Q indicates that each is selected to
send.

13. On the sending unit, press ~ to display the

TRANSMIT menu.

14. On the sending unit, press 1 to select

1:Transmit and begin transmission. The
receiving unit displays the message
Receiving....When the items are
transmitted, both units display the name
and type of each transmitted variable.

120 Communication Link

TI-84 Plus LINK
This chapter describes how to communicate with compatible TI units. The
TI-84 Plus has a USB port to connect and communicate with another TI-84
Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. A USB unit-to-unit cable is included with
the TI-84 Plus.
The TI-84 Plus also has an I/O port using a I/O unit-to-unit cable to
communicate with:

• TI-83 Plus Silver Edition • TI-82

• TI-83 Plus • TI-73
• TI-83 • CBL 2™ or a CBR™

Connecting Two Graphing Calculators with a USB Unit-to-

Unit Cable or an I/O Unit-to-Unit Cable
USB Unit-to-Unit Cable

The TI-84 Plus USB link port is located at the top

right edge of the graphing calculator.
1. Firmly insert either end of the USB
unit-to-unit cable into the USB port.
2. Insert the other end of the cable into the
other graphing calculator’s USB port.

I/O Unit-to-Unit Cable

The TI-84 Plus I/O link port is located at the top

left edge of the graphing calculator.
1. Firmly insert either end of the I/O
unit-to-unit cable into the port.
2. Insert the other end of the cable into the
other graphing calculator’s I/O port.

Communication Link 121

TI-84 Plus to a TI-83 Plus using I/O Unit-to-Unit Cable

The TI-84 Plus I/O link port is located at the top

left edge of the graphing calculator. The TI-83
Plus I/O link port is located at the bottom edge
of the graphing calculator.
1. Firmly insert either end of the I/O
unit-to-unit cable into the port.
2. Insert the other end of the cable into the
other graphing calculator’s I/O port.

Linking to the CBL/CBR System

The CBL 2™ and the CBR™ are optional accessories that also connect to a
TI-84 Plus with the I/O unit-to-unit cable. With a CBL 2 or CBR and a TI-84
Plus, you can collect and analyze real-world data.

Linking to a Computer
With TI Connect™ software and the USB computer cable that is included
with your TI-84 Plus, you can link the graphing calculator to a personal
computer.

122 Communication Link

Selecting Items to Send
LINK SEND Menu
To display the LINK SEND menu, press y 8.

SEND RECEIVE
1: All+... Displays all items as selected, including RAM
and Flash applications.
2: AllN... Displays all items as deselected.
3: Prgm... Displays all program names.
4: List... Displays all list names.
5: Lists to TI82... Displays list names L1 through L6.
6: GDB... Displays all graph databases.
7: Pic... Displays all picture data types.
8: Matrix... Displays all matrix data types.
9: Real... Displays all real variables.
0: Complex... Displays all complex variables.
A: Y-Vars... Displays all Y= variables.
B: String... Displays all string variables.
C: Apps... Displays all software applications.
D: AppVars... Displays all software application variables.
E: Group... Displays all grouped variables.
F: SendId Sends the Calculator ID number immediately.
(You do not need to select SEND.)
G: SendOS Sends operating system updates to another
TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus. You can
not send the operating system to the TI-83 Plus
product family.
H: Back Up... Selects all RAM and mode settings (no Flash
applications or archived items) for backup to
another TI-84 Plus, TI-84 Plus Silver Edition,
TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, or to a TI-83 Plus.
When you select an item on the LINK SEND menu, the corresponding
SELECT screen is displayed.

Note: Each SELECT screen, except All+…, is initially displayed with

nothing pre-selected. All+… is displayed with everything pre-selected.
To select items to send:
1. Press y 8 on the sending unit to display the LINK SEND menu.

Communication Link 123

2. Select the menu item that describes the data type to send. The
corresponding SELECT screen is displayed.
3. Press } and † to move the selection cursor ( 4 ) to an item you want
to select or deselect.
4. Press Í to select or deselect the item. Selected names are marked
with a 0.

Note: An asterisk (ä) to the left of an item indicates the item is

archived.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to select or deselect additional items.

Sending the Selected Items

After you have selected items to send on the sending unit and set the
receiving unit to receive, follow these steps to transmit the items. To set
the receiving unit, see Receiving Items.
1. Press ~ on the sending unit to display the TRANSMIT menu.

2. Confirm that Waiting... is displayed on the receiving unit, which

indicates it is set to receive.
3. Press Í to select 1:Transmit. The name and type of each item are
displayed line-by-line on the sending unit as the item is queued for
transmission, and then on the receiving unit as each item is accepted.

Note: Items sent from the RAM of the sending unit are transmitted
to the RAM of the receiving unit. Items sent from user data archive
(flash) of the sending unit are transmitted to user data archive (flash)
of the receiving unit.

124 Communication Link

After all selected items have been transmitted, the message Done is
displayed on both calculators. Press } and † to scroll through the
names.

Sending to a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus

You can transfer variables (all types), programs, and Flash applications to
another TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus. You can also backup the
RAM memory of one unit to another.
Note: Keep in mind that the TI-84 Plus has less Flash memory than the
TI-84 Plus Silver Edition.
• Variables stored in RAM on the sending TI-84 Plus Silver Edition will
be sent to the RAM of the receiving TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84
Plus.
• Variables and applications stored in the user data archive of the
sending TI-84 Plus Silver Edition will be sent to the user data archive
of the receiving TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus.
After sending or receiving data, you can repeat the same transmission to
additional TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus units—from either the
sending unit or the receiving unit—without having to reselect data to
send. The current items remain selected. However, you cannot repeat
transmission if you selected All+ or All..
To send data to an additional TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or a TI-84 Plus:
1. Use a USB unit-to-unit cable to link two units together.
2. On the sending unit press y 8 and select a data type and items
to SEND.
3. Press ~ on the sending unit to display the TRANSMIT menu.
4. On the other unit, press y 8 ~ to display the RECEIVE menu.
5. Press Í on the receiving unit.
6. Press Í on the sending unit. A copy of the selected item(s) is sent
to the receiving unit.
7. Disconnect the link cable only from the receiving unit and connect it
to another unit.
8. Press y 8 on the sending unit.
9. Select only the data type. For example, if the unit just sent a list,
select 4:LIST.
Note: The item(s) you want to send are pre-selected from the last
transmission. Do not select or deselect any items. If you select or

Communication Link 125

 deselect an item, all selections or deselections from the last
transmission are cleared.
10. Press ~ on the sending unit to display the TRANSMIT menu.
11. On the new receiving unit, press y 8 ~ to display the RECEIVE
menu.
12. Press Í on the receiving unit.
13. Press Í on the sending unit. A copy of the selected item(s) is sent
to the receiving unit.
14. Repeat steps 7 through 13 until the items are sent to all additional
units.

Sending to a TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus Silver Edition

You can send all variables from a TI-84 Plus to a TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus
Silver Edition except Flash applications with new features, or programs
with new features in them.
If archived variables on the TI-84 Plus are variable types recognized and
used on the TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, you can send these
variables to the TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus Silver Edition. They will be
automatically sent to the RAM of the TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus Silver Edition
during the transfer process. It will send to archive if the item is from
archive.
To send data to a TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus Silver Edition:
1. Use an I/O unit-to-unit cable to link the two units together.
2. Set the TI-83 Plus or TI-83 Plus Silver Edition to receive.
3. Press y 8 on the sending TI-84 Plus to display the LINK SEND
menu.
4. Select the menu of the items you want to transmit.
5. Press ~ on the sending TI-84 Plus to display the LINK TRANSMIT
menu.
6. Confirm that the receiving unit is set to receive.
7. Press Í on the sending TI-84 Plus to select 1:Transmit and begin
transmitting.

126 Communication Link

Receiving Items
LINK RECEIVE Menu
To display the LINK RECEIVE menu, press y 8 ~.

SEND RECEIVE
1: Receive Sets unit to receive data transmission.

Receiving Unit
When you select 1:Receive from the LINK RECEIVE menu on the
receiving unit, the message Waiting... and the busy indicator are
displayed. The receiving unit is ready to receive transmitted items. To exit
the receive mode without receiving items, press É, and then select
1:Quit from the Error in Xmit menu.

When transmission is complete, the unit exits the receive mode. You can
select 1:Receive again to receive more items. The receiving unit then
displays a list of items received. Press y 5 to exit the receive mode.

DuplicateName Menu
During transmission, if a variable name is duplicated, the
DuplicateName menu is displayed on the receiving unit.

DuplicateName
1: Rename Prompts to rename receiving variable.
2: Overwrite Overwrites data in receiving variable.
3: Omit Skips transmission of sending variable.
4: Quit Stops transmission at duplicate variable.

When you select 1:Rename, the Name= prompt is displayed, and alpha-
lock is on. Enter a new variable name, and then press Í. Transmission
resumes.
When you select 2:Overwrite, the sending unit’s data overwrites the
existing data stored on the receiving unit. Transmission resumes.
When you select 3:Omit, the sending unit does not send the data in the
duplicated variable name. Transmission resumes with the next item.
When you select 4:Quit, transmission stops, and the receiving unit exits
receive mode.

Receiving from a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus

The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition and the TI-84 Plus are totally compatible.
Keep in mind, however that the TI-84 Plus has less Flash memory than a
TI-84 Plus Silver Edition.

Communication Link 127

You cannot send memory backups between the TI-84 Plus product family
and the TI-83 Plus product family.

Receiving from a TI-83 Plus Silver Edition or TI-83 Plus

The TI-84 Plus product family and the TI-83 Plus product family are
compatible with a few exceptions.

Receiving from a TI-83

You can transfer all variables and programs from a TI-83 to a TI-84 Plus if
they fit in the RAM of the TI-84 Plus. The RAM of the TI-84 Plus is slightly
less than the RAM of the TI-83.

128 Communication Link

Backing Up RAM Memory
Warning: H:Back Up overwrites the RAM memory and mode settings in
the receiving unit. All information in the RAM memory of the receiving
unit is lost.
Note: Archived items on the receiving unit are not overwritten.
You can backup the contents of RAM memory and mode settings (no
Flash applications or archived items) to another TI-84 Plus Silver Edition.
You can also backup RAM memory and mode settings to a TI-84 Plus.
To perform a RAM memory backup:
1. Use a USB unit-to-unit cable to link two TI-84 Plus units, or a TI-84
Plus and a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition together.
2. On the sending unit press y 8 and select H:Back Up. The
MEMORYBACKUP screen displays.

3. On the receiving unit, press y 8 ~ to display the RECEIVE menu.

4. Press Í on the receiving unit.
5. Press Í on the sending unit. A WARNING — Backup message
displays on the receiving unit.
6. Press Í on the receiving unit to continue the backup.
— or —
Press 2:Quit on the receiving unit to cancel the backup and return to
the LINK SEND menu
Note: If a transmission error is returned during a backup, the
receiving unit is reset.

Memory Backup Complete

When the backup is complete, both the sending graphing calculator and
receiving graphing calculator display a confirmation screen.

Communication Link 129

Error Conditions
A transmission error occurs after one or two seconds if:
• A cable is not attached to the sending unit.
• A cable is not attached to the receiving unit.
Note: If the cable is attached, push it in firmly and try again.
• The receiving unit is not set to receive transmission.
• You attempt a backup between a TI-73, TI-82, TI-83, TI-83 Plus, TI-83
Plus Silver Edition
• You attempt a data transfer from a TI-84 Plus to a TI-83 Plus, TI-83
Plus Silver Edition, TI-83, TI-82, or TI-73 with variables or features not
recognized by the TI-83 Plus, TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, TI-83, TI-82, or
TI-73.
New variable types and features not recognized by the TI-83, TI-83
Plus, TI-82, or TI-73 include applications, application variables,
grouped variables, new variable types, or programs with new
features in them such as Archive, UnArchive, SendID, SendOS,
Asm(, AsmComp(, AsmPrgm, checkTmr(, ClockOff, ClockOn,
dayOfWk(, getDate, getDtFmt, getDtStr(, getTime, getTmFmt,
getTmStr, isClockOn, setDate(, setDtFmt(, setTime(, setTmFmt(,
startTmr, and timeCnv.
• You attempt a data transfer from a TI-84 Plus to a TI-82 with data
other than real lists L1 through L6 or without using menu item
5:Lists to TI82.
• You attempt a data transfer from a TI-84 Plus to a TI-73 with data
other than real numbers, pics, real lists L1 through L6 or named lists
with q as part of the name.
• Although a transmission error does not occur, these two conditions
may prevent successful transmission.
• You try to use Get( with a graphing calculator instead of a CBL 2™ or
CBR™.
• You try to use GetCalc( with a TI-83 instead of a TI-84 Plus or TI-84
Plus Silver Edition.
Insufficient Memory in Receiving Unit
• During transmission, if the receiving unit does not have sufficient
memory to receive an item, the Memory Full menu is displayed on
the receiving unit.
• To skip this item for the current transmission, select 1:Omit.
Transmission resumes with the next item.
• To cancel the transmission and exit receive mode, select 2:Quit.

130 Communication Link

 A
Appendix A:
Functions and Instructions
Functions return a value, list, or matrix. You can use functions in an
expression. Instructions initiate an action. Some functions and instructions
have arguments. Optional arguments and accompanying commas are
enclosed in brackets ( [ ] ). For details about an item, including argument
descriptions and restrictions, turn to the page listed on the right side of
the table.
From the CATALOG, you can paste any function or instruction to the
home screen or to a command line in the program editor. However, some
functions and instructions are not valid on the home screen. The items in
this table appear in the same order as they appear in the CATALOG.
† indicates either keystrokes that are valid in the program editor only or
ones that paste certain instructions when you are in the program editor.
Some keystrokes display menus that are available only in the program
editor. Others paste mode, format, or table-set instructions only when
you are in the program editor.

Function or Key or Keys/Menu

Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

abs(value) Returns the absolute 

value of a real number, NUM
expression, list, or matrix. 1:abs(
abs(complex value) Returns the magnitude of 
a complex number or list. CPX
5:abs(

valueA and valueB Returns 1 if both valueA y:

and valueB are ƒ 0. valueA LOGIC
and valueB can be real 1:and
numbers, expressions, or
lists.
angle(value) Returns the polar angle of 
a complex number or list CPX
of complex numbers. 4:angle(

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 131

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

ANOVA(list1,list2 Performs a one-way …

[,list3,...,list20]) analysis of variance for TESTS
comparing the means of H:ANOVA(
two to 20 populations.
Ans Returns the last answer. yZ
Archive Moves the specified yL
variables from RAM to the 5:Archive
user data archive memory.
Asm(assemblyprgmname) Executes an assembly yN
language program. Asm(

AsmComp(prgmASM1, Compiles an assembly yN

prgmASM2) language program AsmComp(
written in ASCII and stores
the hex version.
AsmPrgm Must be used as the first yN
line of an assembly AsmPrgm
language program.
augment(matrixA, Returns a matrix, which is y>
matrixB) matrixB appended to MATH
matrixA as new columns. 7:augment(

augment(listA,listB) Returns a list, which is y9

listB concatenated to the OPS
end of listA. 9:augment(

AxesOff Turns off the graph axes. † y.

AxesOff
AxesOn Turns on the graph axes. † y.
AxesOn

a+bi Sets the mode to †z

rectangular complex a+bi
number mode (a+bi).

132 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

bal(npmt[,roundvalue]) Computes the balance at Π1:Finance

npmt for an amortization CALC
schedule using stored 9:bal(
values for PV, æ, and PMT
and rounds the
computation to
roundvalue.
binomcdf(numtrials,p Computes a cumulative y=
[,x]) probability at x for the DISTR
discrete binomial B:binomcdf(
distribution with the
specified numtrials and
probability p of success on
each trial.
binompdf(numtrials,p Computes a probability at y =
[,x]) x for the discrete binomial DISTR
distribution with the A:binompdf(
specified numtrials and
probability p of success on
each trial.

c2cdf(lowerbound, Computes the c2 y=

upperbound,df) distribution probability DISTR
between lowerbound and 8:c2cdf(
upperbound for the
specified degrees of
freedom df.

c2pdf(x,df) Computes the probability y =

density function (pdf) for DISTR
the c2 distribution at a 7:c2pdf(
specified x value for the
specified degrees of
freedom df.

c2LTest(observedmatrix, Performs a chi-square test. † …

expectedmatrix drawflag=1 draws results; TESTS
[,drawflag]) drawflag=0 calculates C:c2LTest(
results.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 133

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

c2GOF-Test(observedlist, Performs a test to confirm † …

expectedlist,df) that sample data is from a TESTS
population that conforms D:c2GOFLTest(
to a specified distribution.
checkTmr(starttime) Returns the number of yN
seconds since you used checkTmr(
startTmr to start the
timer. The starttime is the
value displayed by
startTmr.

Circle(X,Y,radius) Draws a circle with center y <

(X,Y) and radius. DRAW
9:Circle(
Clear Entries Clears the contents of the y L
Last Entry storage area. MEMORY
3:Clear Entries
ClockOff Turns off the clock display y N
in the mode screen. ClockOff

ClockOn Turns on the clock display y N

in the mode screen. ClockOn

ClrAllLists Sets to 0 the dimension of y L

all lists in memory. MEMORY
4:ClrAllLists
ClrDraw Clears all drawn elements y <
from a graph or drawing. DRAW
1:ClrDraw
ClrHome Clears the home screen. †
I/O
8:ClrHome

ClrList listname1 Sets to 0 the dimension of …

[,listname2, ..., one or more listnames. EDIT
listname n] 4:ClrList

ClrTable Clears all values from the †

table. I/O
9:ClrTable

134 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

conj(value) Returns the complex 

conjugate of a complex CPX
number or list of complex 1:conj(
numbers.
Connected Sets connected plotting †z
mode; resets all Y= editor Connected
graph-style settings to ç .
CoordOff Turns off cursor coordinate † y .
value display. CoordOff

CoordOn Turns on cursor † y.

coordinate value display. CoordOn

cos(value) Returns cosine of a real ™

number, expression, or
list.

cosL1(value) Returns arccosine of a real y @

number, expression, or
list.
cosh(value) Returns hyperbolic cosine y N
of a real number, cosh(
expression, or list.

coshL1 (value) Returns hyperbolic yN

arccosine of a real coshL1(
number, expression, or
list.
CubicReg [Xlistname, Fits a cubic regression …
Ylistname,freqlist, model to Xlistname and CALC
regequ] Ylistname with frequency 6:CubicReg
freqlist, and stores the
regression equation to
regequ.
cumSum(list) Returns a list of the y9
cumulative sums of the OPS
elements in list, starting 6:cumSum(
with the first element.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 135

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

cumSum(matrix) Returns a matrix of the y>

cumulative sums of matrix MATH
elements. Each element in 0:cumSum(
the returned matrix is a
cumulative sum of a
matrix column from top to
bottom.
dayOfWk(year,month,day Returns an integer from 1 y N
) to 7, with each integer dayOfWk(
representing a day of the 1:Sunday
week. Use dayOfWk( to
2:Monday
determine on which day
of the week a particular 3:Tuesday...
date would occur. The
year must be 4 digits;
month and day can be 1 or
2 digit.
dbd(date1,date2) Calculates the number of Π1:Finance
days between date1 and CALC
date2 using the actual-day- D:dbd(
count method.
value4Dec Displays a real or complex 
number, expression, list, MATH
or matrix in decimal 2:4Dec
format.
Degree Sets degree angle mode. †z
Degree

DelVar variable Deletes from memory the † 

contents of variable. CTL
G:DelVar
DependAsk Sets table to ask for † y-
dependent-variable Depend: Ask
values.
DependAuto Sets table to generate † y-
dependent-variable Depend: Auto
values automatically.

136 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

det(matrix) Returns determinant of y>

matrix. MATH
1:det(
DiagnosticOff Sets diagnostics-off mode; y N
r, r2, and R2 are not DiagnosticOff
displayed as regression
model results.
DiagnosticOn Sets diagnostics-on mode; y N
r, r2, and R2 are displayed DiagnosticOn
as regression model
results.
dim(listname) Returns the dimension of y9
listname. OPS
3:dim(

dim(matrixname) Returns the dimension of y>

matrixname as a list. MATH
3:dim(

length!dim(listname) Assigns a new dimension y9

(length) to a new or OPS
existing listname. 3:dim(

{rows,columns}! Assigns new dimensions y>

dim(matrixname) to a new or existing MATH
matrixname. 3:dim(

Disp Displays the home screen. † 

I/O
3:Disp

Disp [valueA,valueB, Displays each value. †

valueC,...,value n] I/O
3:Disp
DispGraph Displays the graph. †
I/O
4:DispGraph
DispTable Displays the table. †
I/O
5:DispTable

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 137

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

value4DMS Displays value in DMS y;

format. ANGLE
4:4DMS

Dot Sets dot plotting mode; †z

resets all Y= editor graph- Dot
style settings to í .
DrawF expression Draws expression (in terms y <
of X) on the graph. DRAW
6:DrawF

DrawInv expression Draws the inverse of y<

expression by plotting X DRAW
values on the y-axis and Y 8:DrawInv
values on the x-axis.
:DS<(variable,value) Decrements variable by 1; † 
:commandA skips commandA if variable CTL
:commands < value. B:DS<(

e^(power) Returns e raised to power. y J

e^(list) Returns a list of e raised yJ
to a list of powers.
Exponent: Returns value times 10 to yD
valueâexponent the exponent.
Exponent: Returns list elements times y D
listâexponent 10 to the exponent.
Exponent: Returns matrix elements yD
matrixâexponent times 10 to the exponent.
4Eff(nominal rate, Computes the effective Π1:Finance
compounding periods) interest rate. CALC
C:4Eff(
Else
See If:Then:Else
End Identifies end of For(, †
If-Then-Else, Repeat, or CTL
While loop. 7:End

Eng Sets engineering display †z

mode. Eng

138 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Equ4String(Y= var,Strn) Converts the contents of a y N

Y= var to a string and Equ4String(
stores it in Strn.
expr(string) Converts string to an yN
expression and executes expr(
it.
ExpReg [Xlistname, Fits an exponential …
Ylistname,freqlist,regequ] regression model to CALC
Xlistname and Ylistname 0:ExpReg
with frequency freqlist,
and stores the regression
equation to regequ.
ExprOff Turns off the expression † y.
display during TRACE. ExprOff

ExprOn Turns on the expression † y.

display during TRACE. ExprOn

Ücdf(lowerbound, Computes the Û y=

upperbound, distribution probability DISTR
numerator df, between lowerbound and 0:Ücdf(
denominator df) upperbound for the
specified numerator df
(degrees of freedom) and
denominator df.
Fill(value,matrixname) Stores value to each y>
element in matrixname. MATH
4:Fill(

Fill(value,listname) Stores value to each y9

element in listname. OPS
4:Fill(
Fix # Sets fixed-decimal mode †z
for # of decimal places. 0123456789
(select one)
Float Sets floating decimal †z
mode. Float

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 139

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

fMax(expression,variable Returns the value of 

, variable where the local MATH
lower,upper[,tolerance]) maximum of expression 7:fMax(
occurs, between lower and
upper, with specified
tolerance.
fMin(expression,variable, Returns the value of 
lower,upper[,tolerance]) variable where the local MATH
minimum of expression 6:fMin(
occurs, between lower and
upper, with specified
tolerance.
fnInt(expression,variable, Returns the function 
lower,upper[,tolerance]) integral of expression with MATH
respect to variable, 9:fnInt(
between lower and upper,
with specified tolerance.
FnOff [function#, Deselects all Y= functions 
function#,...,function n] or specified Y= functions. Y-VARS
4:On/Off
2:FnOff

FnOn [function#, Selects all Y= functions or 

function#,...,function n] specified Y= functions. Y-VARS
4:On/Off
1:FnOn

:For(variable,begin,end Executes commands †

[,increment]) through End, CTL
:commands incrementing variable 4:For(
:End from begin by increment
:commands until variable>end.
fPart(value) Returns the fractional 
part or parts of a real or NUM
complex number, 4:fPart(
expression, list, or matrix.

140 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Üpdf(x,numerator df, Computes the Û y=

denominator df) distribution probability DISTR
between lowerbound and 9:Üpdf(
upperbound for the
specified numerator df
(degrees of freedom) and
denominator df.
value4Frac Displays a real or complex 
number, expression, list, MATH
or matrix as a fraction 1:4Frac
simplified to its simplest
terms.
Full Sets full screen mode. †z
Full
Func Sets function graphing †z
mode. Func

GarbageCollect Displays the garbage yN

collection menu to allow GarbageCollect
cleanup of unused archive
memory.
gcd(valueA,valueB) Returns the greatest 
common divisor of valueA NUM
and valueB, which can be 9:gcd(
real numbers or lists.
geometcdf(p,x) Computes a cumulative y=
probability at x, the DISTR
number of the trial on F:geometcdf(
which the first success
occurs, for the discrete
geometric distribution
with the specified
probability of success p.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 141

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

geometpdf(p,x) Computes a probability at y =

x, the number of the trial DISTR
on which the first success E:geometpdf(
occurs, for the discrete
geometric distribution
with the specified
probability of success p.
Get(variable) Gets data from the †
CBL 2™ or CBR™ System I/O
and stores it in variable. A:Get(

GetCalc(variable[,portfla Gets contents of variable †

g] ) on another TI-84 Plus and I/O
stores it to variable on the 0:GetCalc(
receiving TI-84 Plus. By
default, the TI-84 Plus
uses the USB port if it is
connected. If the USB
cable is not connected, it
uses the I/O port.
portflag=0 use USB port if
connected;
portflag=1 use USB port;
portflag=2 use I/O port.
getDate Returns a list giving the yN
date according to the getDate
current value of the clock.
The list is in
{year,month,day} format.
getDtFmt Returns an integer yN
representing the date getDtFmt
format that is currently
set on the device.
1 = M/D/Y
2 = D/M/Y
3 = Y/M/D

142 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

getDtStr(integer) Returns a string of the yN

current date in the format getDtStr(
specified by integer,
where:
1 = M/D/Y
2 = D/M/Y
3 = Y/M/D
getKey Returns the key code for †
the current keystroke, or I/O
0, if no key is pressed. 7:getKey

getTime Returns a list giving the yN

time according to the getTime
current value of the clock.
The list is in
{hour,minute,second}
format. The time is
returned in the 24 hour
format.
getTmFmt Returns an integer yN
representing the clock getTmFmt
time format that is
currently set on the
device.
12 = 12 hour format
24 = 24 hour format
getTmStr(integer) Returns a string of the yN
current clock time in the getTmStr(
format specified by
integer, where:
12 = 12 hour format
24 = 24 hour format
Goto label Transfers control to label. †
CTL
0:Goto

GraphStyle(function#, Sets a graphstyle for †

graphstyle#) function#. CTL
H:GraphStyle(

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 143

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item
GridOff Turns off grid format. † y.
GridOff
GridOn Turns on grid format. † y.
GridOn
G-T Sets graph-table vertical †z
split-screen mode. G-T

Horiz Sets horizontal split- †z

screen mode. Horiz

Horizontal y Draws a horizontal line at y <

y. DRAW
3:Horizontal

identity(dimension) Returns the identity y>

matrix of dimension rows x MATH
dimension columns. 5:identity(

:If condition If condition = 0 (false), †

:commandA skips commandA. CTL
:commands 1:If

:If condition Executes commands from †

:Then Then to End if CTL
:commands condition = 1 (true). 2:Then
:End
:commands

:If condition Executes commands from † 

:Then Then to Else if CTL
:commands condition = 1 (true); from 3:Else
:Else Else to End if condition = 0
:commands (false).
:End
:commands

imag(value) Returns the imaginary 

(nonreal) part of a CPX
complex number or list of 3:imag(
complex numbers.
IndpntAsk Sets table to ask for † y-
independent-variable Indpnt: Ask
values.

144 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item
IndpntAuto Sets table to generate † y-
independent-variable Indpnt: Auto
values automatically.
Input Displays graph. †
I/O
1:Input

Input [variable] Prompts for value to store † 

Input ["text",variable] to variable. I/O
1:Input

Input [Strn,variable] Displays Strn and stores †

entered value to variable. I/O
1:Input

inString(string,substring Returns the character yN

[,start]) position in string of the inString(
first character of substring
beginning at start.
int(value) Returns the largest 
integer  a real or NUM
complex number, 5:int(
expression, list, or matrix.
GInt(pmt1,pmt2 Computes the sum, Π1:Finance
[,roundvalue]) rounded to roundvalue, of CALC
the interest amount A:GInt(
between pmt1 and pmt2
for an amortization
schedule.
invNorm(area[,m,s]) Computes the inverse y=
cumulative normal DISTR
distribution function for a 3:invNorm(
given area under the
normal distribution curve
specified by m and s.
invT(area,df) Computes the inverse y=
cumulative student-t DISTR
probability function 4:invT(
specified by degree of
freedom, df for a given
area under the curve.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 145

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

iPart(value) Returns the integer part 

of a real or complex NUM
number, expression, list, 3:iPart(
or matrix.
irr(CF0,CFList[,CFFreq]) Returns the interest rate Π1:Finance
at which the net present CALC
value of the cash flow is 8:irr(
equal to zero.
:IS>(variable,value) Increments variable by 1; †
:commandA skips commandA if CTL
variable>value. A:IS>(
:commands
isClockOn Identifies if clock is ON or y N
OFF. Returns 1 if the clock isClockOn
is ON. Returns 0 if the
clock is OFF.
Ùlistname Identifies the next one to y 9
five characters as a user- OPS
created list name. B:Ù

LabelOff Turns off axes labels. † y.

LabelOff
LabelOn Turns on axes labels. † y.
LabelOn

Lbl label Creates a label of one or †

two characters. CTL
9:Lbl

lcm(valueA,valueB) Returns the least common 

multiple of valueA and NUM
valueB, which can be real 8:lcm(
numbers or lists.
length(string) Returns the number of yN
characters in string. length(

Line(X1,Y1,X2,Y2) Draws a line from (X1,Y1) y<

to (X2,Y2). DRAW
2:Line(

146 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Line(X1,Y1,X2,Y2,0) Erases a line from (X1,Y1) y<

to (X2,Y2). DRAW
2:Line(
LinReg(a+bx) Fits a linear regression …
[Xlistname, model to Xlistname and CALC
Ylistname,freqlist, Ylistname with frequency 8:LinReg(a+bx)
regequ] freqlist, and stores the
regression equation to
regequ.
LinReg(ax+b) Fits a linear regression …
[Xlistname, model to Xlistname and CALC
Ylistname,freqlist, Ylistname with frequency 4:LinReg(ax+b)
regequ] freqlist, and stores the
regression equation to
regequ.
LinRegTTest [Xlistname, Performs a linear †…
Ylistname,freqlist, regression and a t-test. TESTS
alternative,regequ] alternative=L1 is <; F:LinRegTTest
alternative=0 is ƒ;
alternative=1 is >.
LinRegTInt [Xlistname, Performs a linear †…
Ylistname,freqlist, regression and computes TESTS
confidence level, regequ] the t confidence interval G:LinRegTInt
for the slope coefficient b.

@List(list) Returns a list containing y9

the differences between OPS
consecutive elements in 7:@List(
list.
List 4 matr(listname1,..., Fills matrixname column by y 9
listname n,matrixname) column with the elements OPS
from each specified 0:List 4 matr(
listname.
ln(value) Returns the natural µ
logarithm of a real or
complex number,
expression, or list.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 147

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

LnReg [Xlistname, Fits a logarithmic …

Ylistname,freqlist, regression model to CALC
regequ] Xlistname and Ylistname 9:LnReg
with frequency freqlist,
and stores the regression
equation to regequ.
log(value) Returns logarithm of a «
real or complex number,
expression, or list.
Logistic [Xlistname, Fits a logistic regression …
Ylistname,freqlist, model to Xlistname and CALC
regequ] Ylistname with frequency B:Logistic
freqlist, and stores the
regression equation to
regequ.
Manual-Fit equname Fits a linear equation to a …
scatter plot. CALC
D:Manual-Fit

Matr4list(matrix, Fills each listname with y9

listnameA,...,listname n) elements from each OPS
column in matrix. A:Matr4list(

Matr4list(matrix, Fills a listname with y9

column#,listname) elements from a specified OPS
column# in matrix. A:Matr4list(

max(valueA,valueB) Returns the larger of 

valueA and valueB. NUM
7:max(

max(list) Returns largest real or y9

complex element in list. MATH
2:max(

max(listA,listB) Returns a real or complex y9

list of the larger of each MATH
pair of elements in listA 2:max(
and listB.

148 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

max(value,list) Returns a real or complex y 9

list of the larger of value or MATH
each list element. 2:max(

mean(list[,freqlist]) Returns the mean of list y9

with frequency freqlist. MATH
3:mean(

median(list[,freqlist]) Returns the median of list y 9

with frequency freqlist. MATH
4:median(

Med-Med [Xlistname, Fits a median-median …

Ylistname,freqlist, model to Xlistname and CALC
regequ] Ylistname with frequency 3:Med-Med
freqlist, and stores the
regression equation to
regequ.
Menu("title","text1", Generates a menu of up †
label1[,...,"text7",label7]) to seven items during CTL
program execution. C:Menu(

min(valueA,valueB) Returns smaller of valueA 

and valueB. NUM
6:min(

min(list) Returns smallest real or y9

complex element in list. MATH
1:min(

min(listA,listB) Returns real or complex y9

list of the smaller of each MATH
pair of elements in listA 1:min(
and listB.
min(value,list) Returns a real or complex y 9
list of the smaller of value MATH
or each list element. 1:min(

valueA nCr valueB Returns the number of 

combinations of valueA PRB
taken valueB at a time. 3:nCr

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 149

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

value nCr list Returns a list of the 

combinations of value PRB
taken each element in list 3:nCr
at a time.
list nCr value Returns a list of the 
combinations of each PRB
element in list taken value 3:nCr
at a time.
listA nCr listB Returns a list of the 
combinations of each PRB
element in listA taken 3:nCr
each element in listB at a
time.
nDeriv(expression, Returns approximate 
variable,value[,H]) numerical derivative of MATH
expression with respect to 8:nDeriv(
variable at value, with
specified H.
4Nom(effective rate, Computes the nominal Π1:Finance
compounding periods) interest rate. CALC
B:4Nom(

Normal Sets normal display mode. † z

Normal

normalcdf(lowerbound, Computes the normal y=

upperbound[,m,s]) distribution probability DISTR
between lowerbound and 2:normalcdf(
upperbound for the
specified m and s.
normalpdf(x[,m,s]) Computes the probability y =
density function for the DISTR
normal distribution at a 1:normalpdf(
specified x value for the
specified m and s.
not(value) Returns 0 if value is ƒ 0. y:
value can be a real LOGIC
number, expression, or 4:not(
list.

150 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

valueA nPr valueB Returns the number of 

permutations of valueA PRB
taken valueB at a time. 2:nPr

value nPr list Returns a list of the 

permutations of value PRB
taken each element in list 2:nPr
at a time.
list nPr value Returns a list of the 
permutations of each PRB
element in list taken value 2:nPr
at a time.
listA nPr listB Returns a list of the 
permutations of each PRB
element in listA taken 2:nPr
each element in listB at a
time.
npv(interest rate,CF0, Computes the sum of the Π1:Finance
CFList[,CFFreq]) present values for cash CALC
inflows and outflows. 7:npv(

valueA or valueB Returns 1 if valueA or y:

valueB is ƒ 0. valueA and LOGIC
valueB can be real 2:or
numbers, expressions, or
lists.
Output(row,column, Displays text beginning at †
"text") specified row and column. I/O
6:Output(

Output(row,column, Displays value beginning †

value) at specified row and I/O
column. 6:Output(

Param Sets parametric graphing †z

mode. Par

Pause Suspends program †

execution until you press CTL
Í. 8:Pause

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 151

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Pause [value] Displays value; suspends †

program execution until CTL
you press Í. 8:Pause

Plot#(type,Xlistname, Defines Plot# (1, 2, or 3) † y,

Ylistname,mark) of type Scatter or xyLine STAT PLOTS
for Xlistname and 1:Plot1-
Ylistname using mark. 2:Plot2-
3:Plot3-

Plot#(type,Xlistname, Defines Plot# (1, 2, or 3) † y,

freqlist) of type Histogram or STAT PLOTS
Boxplot for Xlistname 1:Plot1-
with frequency freqlist. 2:Plot2-
3:Plot3-

Plot#(type,Xlistname, Defines Plot# (1, 2, or 3) † y,

freqlist,mark) of type ModBoxplot for STAT PLOTS
Xlistname with frequency 1:Plot1-
freqlist using mark. 2:Plot2-
3:Plot3-

Plot#(type,datalistname, Defines Plot# (1, 2, or 3) † y,

data axis,mark) of type NormProbPlot for STAT PLOTS
datalistname on data axis 1:Plot1-
using mark. data axis can 2:Plot2-
be X or Y. 3:Plot3-

PlotsOff [1,2,3] Deselects all stat plots or y ,

one or more specified stat STAT PLOTS
plots (1, 2, or 3). 4:PlotsOff

PlotsOn [1,2,3] Selects all stat plots or one y ,

or more specified stat STAT PLOTS
plots (1, 2, or 3). 5:PlotsOn

Pmt_Bgn Specifies an annuity due, Π1:Finance

where payments occur at CALC
the beginning of each F:Pmt_Bgn
payment period.
Pmt_End Specifies an ordinary Π1:Finance
annuity, where payments CALC
occur at the end of each E:Pmt_End
payment period.

152 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

poissoncdf(m,x) Computes a cumulative y=

probability at x for the DISTR
discrete Poisson D:poissoncdf(
distribution with specified
mean m.
poissonpdf(m,x) Computes a probability at y =
x for the discrete Poisson DISTR
distribution with the C:poissonpdf(
specified mean m.
Polar Sets polar graphing mode. † z
Pol

complex value 4Polar Displays complex value in 

polar format. CPX
7:4Polar

PolarGC Sets polar graphing † y.

coordinates format. PolarGC

prgmname Executes the program †

name. CTRL
D:prgm

GPrn(pmt1,pmt2 Computes the sum, Π1:Finance

[,roundvalue]) rounded to roundvalue, of CALC
the principal amount 0:GPrn(
between pmt1 and pmt2
for an amortization
schedule.
prod(list[,start,end]) Returns product of list y9
elements between start MATH
and end. 6:prod(

Prompt variableA Prompts for value for †

[,variableB,...,variable n] variableA, then variableB, I/O
and so on. 2:Prompt

1-PropZInt(x,n Computes a one- †…

[,confidence level]) proportion z confidence TESTS
interval. A:1-PropZInt(

2-PropZInt(x1,n1,x2,n2 Computes a two- †…

[,confidence level]) proportion z confidence TESTS
interval. B:2-PropZInt(

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 153

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

1-PropZTest(p0,x,n Computes a one- †…

[,alternative,drawflag]) proportion z test. TESTS
alternative=L1 is <; 5:1-PropZTest(
alternative=0 is ƒ;
alternative=1 is >.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
2-PropZTest(x1,n1,x2,n2 Computes a two- †…
[,alternative,drawflag]) proportion z test. TESTS
alternative=L1 is <; 6:2-PropZTest(
alternative=0 is ƒ;
alternative=1 is >.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
Pt-Change(x,y) Reverses a point at (x,y). y<
POINTS
3:Pt-Change(

Pt-Off(x,y[,mark]) Erases a point at (x,y) y<

using mark. POINTS
2:Pt-Off(

Pt-On(x,y[,mark]) Draws a point at (x,y) y<

using mark. POINTS
1:Pt-On(

PwrReg [Xlistname, Fits a power regression …

Ylistname,freqlist, model to Xlistname and CALC
regequ] Ylistname with frequency A:PwrReg
freqlist, and stores the
regression equation to
regequ.
Pxl-Change(row,column) Reverses pixel at y<
(row,column); 0  row  62 POINTS
and 0  column  94. 6:Pxl-Change(

Pxl-Off(row,column) Erases pixel at y<

(row,column); 0  row  62 POINTS
and 0  column  94. 5:Pxl-Off(

154 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Pxl-On(row,column) Draws pixel at y<

(row,column); 0  row  62 POINTS
and 0  column  94. 4:Pxl-On(

pxl-Test(row,column) Returns 1 if pixel (row, y<

column) is on, 0 if it is off; POINTS
0  row  62 and 7:pxl-Test(
0  column  94.
P4Rx(r,q) Returns X, given polar y;
coordinates r and q or a ANGLE
list of polar coordinates. 7:P4Rx(

P4Ry(r,q) Returns Y, given polar y;

coordinates r and q or a ANGLE
list of polar coordinates. 8:P4Ry(

QuadReg [Xlistname, Fits a quadratic regression …

Ylistname,freqlist, model to Xlistname and CALC
regequ] Ylistname with frequency 5:QuadReg
freqlist, and stores the
regression equation to
regequ.
QuartReg [Xlistname, Fits a quartic regression …
Ylistname,freqlist, model to Xlistname and CALC
regequ] Ylistname with frequency 7:QuartReg
freqlist, and stores the
regression equation to
regequ.
Radian Sets radian angle mode. †z
Radian

rand[(numtrials)] Returns a random number 

between 0 and 1 for a PRB
specified number of trials 1:rand
numtrials.
randBin(numtrials,prob Generates and displays a 
[,numsimulations]) random real number from PRB
a specified Binomial 7:randBin(
distribution.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 155

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

randInt( lower,upper Generates and displays a 

[,numtrials]) random integer within a PRB
range specified by lower 5:randInt(
and upper integer bounds
for a specified number of
trials numtrials.
randM(rows,columns) Returns a random matrix y>
of rows (1-99) × columns MATH
(1-99). 6:randM(

randNorm(m,s Generates and displays a 

[,numtrials]) random real number from PRB
a specified Normal 6:randNorm(
distribution specified by m
and s for a specified
number of trials numtrials.
re^qi Sets the mode to polar †z
complex number mode re^qi
(re^qi).
Real Sets mode to display †z
complex results only when Real
you enter complex
numbers.
real(value) Returns the real part of a 
complex number or list of CPX
complex numbers. 2:real(

RecallGDB n Restores all settings y<

stored in the graph STO
database variable GDBn. 4:RecallGDB

RecallPic n Displays the graph and y<

adds the picture stored in STO
Picn. 2:RecallPic

complex value 4Rect Displays complex value or 

list in rectangular format. CPX
6:4Rect

RectGC Sets rectangular graphing † y .

coordinates format. RectGC

156 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

ref(matrix) Returns the row-echelon y>

form of a matrix. MATH
A:ref(

:Repeat condition Executes commands until †

:commands condition is true. CTL
:End 6:Repeat
:commands

Return Returns to the calling †

program. CTL
E:Return

round(value[,#decimals]) Returns a number, 

expression, list, or matrix NUM
rounded to #decimals 2:round(
( 9).
ärow(value,matrix,row) Returns a matrix with row y >
of matrix multiplied by MATH
value and stored in row. E:ärow(

row+(matrix,rowA,rowB) Returns a matrix with rowA y >

of matrix added to rowB MATH
and stored in rowB. D:row+(

ärow+(value,matrix, Returns a matrix with y>

rowA,rowB) rowA of matrix multiplied MATH
by value, added to rowB, F:ärow+(
and stored in rowB.
rowSwap(matrix,rowA, Returns a matrix with y>
rowB) rowA of matrix swapped MATH
with rowB. C:rowSwap(

rref(matrix) Returns the reduced row- y >

echelon form of a matrix. MATH
B:rref(

R4Pr(x,y) Returns R, given y;

rectangular coordinates x ANGLE
and y or a list of 5:R4Pr(
rectangular coordinates.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 157

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

R4Pq(x,y) Returns q, given y;

rectangular coordinates x ANGLE
and y or a list of 6:R4Pq(
rectangular coordinates.
2-SampÜTest [listname1, Performs a two-sample †…
listname2,freqlist1, Û test. alternative=L1 is <; TESTS
freqlist2,alternative, alternative=0 is ƒ; E:2-SampÜTest
drawflag] alternative=1 is >.
(Data list input) drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
2-SampÜTest Sx1,n1, Performs a two-sample †…
Sx2,n2[,alternative, Û test. alternative=L1 is <; TESTS
drawflag] alternative=0 is ƒ; E:2-SampÜTest
(Summary stats input) alternative=1 is >.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
2-SampTInt [listname1, Computes a two-sample t †…
listname2, confidence interval. TESTS
freqlist1,freqlist2, pooled=1 pools variances; 0:2-SampTInt
confidence level,pooled] pooled=0 does not pool
(Data list input) variances.
2-SampTInt v1,Sx1,n1, Computes a two-sample t †…
v2,Sx2,n2 confidence interval. TESTS
[,confidence level,pooled] pooled=1 pools variances; 0:2-SampTInt
(Summary stats input) pooled=0 does not pool
variances.
2-SampTTest [listname1, Computes a two-sample t † …
listname2,freqlist1, test. alternative=L1 is <; TESTS
freqlist2,alternative, alternative=0 is ƒ; 4:2-SampTTest
pooled,drawflag] alternative=1 is >. pooled=1
(Data list input) pools variances; pooled=0
does not pool variances.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.

158 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

2-SampTTest v1,Sx1,n1, Computes a two-sample t † …

v2,Sx2,n2[,alternative, test. alternative=L1 is <; TESTS
pooled,drawflag] alternative=0 is ƒ; 4:2-SampTTest
(Summary stats input) alternative=1 is >. pooled=1
pools variances; pooled=0
does not pool variances.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
2-SampZInt(s1,s2 Computes a two-sample z † …
[,listname1,listname2, confidence interval. TESTS
freqlist1,freqlist2, 9:2-SampZInt(
confidence level])
(Data list input)
2-SampZInt(s1,s2, Computes a two-sample z † …
v1,n1,v2,n2 confidence interval. TESTS
[,confidence level]) 9:2-SampZInt(
(Summary stats input)
2-SampZTest(s1,s2 Computes a two-sample z † …
[,listname1,listname2, test. alternative=L1 is <; TESTS
freqlist1,freqlist2, alternative=0 is ƒ; 3:2-SampZTest(
alternative,drawflag]) alternative=1 is >.
(Data list input) drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
2-SampZTest(s1,s2, Computes a two-sample z † …
v1,n1,v2,n2 test. alternative=L1 is <; TESTS
[,alternative,drawflag]) alternative=0 is ƒ; 3:2-SampZTest(
(Summary stats input) alternative=1 is >.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
Sci Sets scientific notation †z
display mode. Sci

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 159

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Select(Xlistname, Selects one or more y9

Ylistname) specific data points from a OPS
scatter plot or xyLine plot 8:Select(
(only), and then store•s
the selected data points
to two new lists, Xlistname
and Ylistname.
Send(variable) Sends contents of variable † 
to the CBL 2™ or CBR™ I/O
System. B:Send(

seq(expression,variable, Returns list created by y9

begin,end[,increment]) evaluating expression with OPS
regard to variable, from 5:seq(
begin to end by increment.
Seq Sets sequence graphing †z
mode. Seq

Sequential Sets mode to graph †z

functions sequentially. Sequential

setDate(year,month,day) Sets the date using a year, y N

month, day format. The setDate(
year must be 4 digits;
month and day can be 1 or
2 digit.
setDtFmt(integer) Sets the date format. yN
1 = M/D/Y setDtFmt(
2 = D/M/Y
3 = Y/M/D
setTime(hour,minute, Sets the time using an yN
second) hour, minute, second setTime(
format. The hour must be
in 24 hour format, in
which 13 = 1 p.m.
setTmFmt(integer) Sets the time format. yN
12 = 12 hour format setTmFmt(
24 = 24 hour format

160 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item
SetUpEditor Removes all list names …
from the stat list editor, EDIT
and then restores list 5:SetUpEditor
names L1 through L6 to
columns 1 through 6.
SetUpEditor listname1 Removes all list names …
[,listname2,..., from the stat list editor, EDIT
listname20] then sets it up to display 5:SetUpEditor
one or more listnames in
the specified order,
starting with column 1.
Shade(lowerfunc, Draws lowerfunc and y<
upperfunc[,Xleft,Xright, upperfunc in terms of X on DRAW
pattern,patres]) the current graph and 7:Shade(
uses pattern and patres to
shade the area bounded
by lowerfunc, upperfunc,
Xleft, and Xright.

Shadec2(lowerbound, Draws the density y=

upperbound,df) function for the c 2 DRAW
distribution specified by 3:Shadec2(
degrees of freedom df
and shades the area
between lowerbound and
upperbound.
ShadeÜ(lowerbound, Draws the density y=
upperbound, function for the Û DRAW
numerator df, distribution specified by 4:ShadeÜ(
denominator df) numerator df and
denominator df and shades
the area between
lowerbound and
upperbound.
ShadeNorm(lowerbound, Draws the normal density y =
upperbound[,m,s]) function specified by m DRAW
and s and shades the area 1:ShadeNorm(
between lowerbound and
upperbound.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 161

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Shade_t(lowerbound, Draws the density y=

upperbound,df) function for the Student-t DRAW
distribution specified by 2:Shade_t(
degrees of freedom df,
and shades the area
between lowerbound and
upperbound.
Simul Sets mode to graph †z
functions simultaneously. Simul

sin(value) Returns the sine of a real ˜

number, expression, or
list.

sinL1(value) Returns the arcsine of a y?

real number, expression,
or list.
sinh(value) Returns the hyperbolic yN
sine of a real number, sinh(
expression, or list.

sinhL1 (value) Returns the hyperbolic yN

arcsine of a real number, sinhL1(
expression, or list.
SinReg [iterations, Attempts iterations times …
Xlistname,Ylistname, to fit a sinusoidal CALC
period,regequ] regression model to C:SinReg
Xlistname and Ylistname
using a period guess, and
stores the regression
equation to regequ.
solve(expression,variable Solves expression for †
, variable, given an initial MATH
guess,{lower,upper}) guess and lower and upper 0:solve(
bounds within which the
solution is sought.
SortA(listname) Sorts elements of listname y 9
in ascending order. OPS
1:SortA(

162 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

SortA(keylistname, Sorts elements of y9

dependlist1[,dependlist2, keylistname in ascending OPS
...,dependlist n]) order, then sorts each 1:SortA(
dependlist as a dependent
list.
SortD(listname) Sorts elements of listname y 9
in descending order. OPS
2:SortD(

SortD(keylistname,depen Sorts elements of y9

dlist1[,dependlist2, keylistname in descending OPS
..., dependlist n]) order, then sorts each 2:SortD(
dependlist as a dependent
list.
startTmr Starts the clock timer. yN
Store or note the startTmr
displayed value, and use it
as the argument for
checkTmr( ) to check the
elapsed time.
stdDev(list[,freqlist]) Returns the standard y9
deviation of the elements MATH
in list with frequency 7:stdDev(
freqlist.
Stop Ends program execution; †
returns to home screen. CTL
F:Stop

Store: value!variable Stores value in variable. ¿

StoreGDB n Stores current graph in y<
database GDBn. STO
3:StoreGDB

StorePic n Stores current picture in y<

picture Picn. STO
1:StorePic

String4Equ(string,Y= Converts string into an yN

var) equation and stores it in String4Equ(
Y= var.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 163

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

sub(string,begin,length) Returns a string that is a yN

subset of another string, sub(
from begin to length.
sum(list[,start,end]) Returns the sum of y9
elements of list from start MATH
to end. 5:sum(

tan(value) Returns the tangent of a š

real number, expression,
or list.

tanL1(value) Returns the arctangent of y A

a real number, expression,
or list.
Tangent(expression,value Draws a line tangent to y<
) expression at X=value. DRAW
5:Tangent(

tanh(value) Returns hyperbolic yN

tangent of a real number, tanh(
expression, or list.

tanhL1(value) Returns the hyperbolic yN

arctangent of a real tanhL1(
number, expression, or
list.
tcdf(lowerbound, Computes the Student-t y=
upperbound,df) distribution probability DISTR
between lowerbound and 6:tcdf(
upperbound for the
specified degrees of
freedom df.
Text(row,column,text1, Writes text on graph y<
text2,...,text n) beginning at pixel DRAW
(row,column), where 0:Text(
0  row  57 and
0  column  94.
Then
See If:Then

164 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item
Time Sets sequence graphs to † y.
plot with respect to time. Time
timeCnv(seconds) Converts seconds to units y N
of time that can be more timeCnv
easily understood for
evaluation. The list is in
{days,hours,minutes,seconds}
format.
TInterval [listname, Computes a t confidence †…
freqlist,confidence level] interval. TESTS
(Data list input) 8:TInterval

TInterval v,Sx,n Computes a t confidence †…

[,confidence level] interval. TESTS
(Summary stats input) 8:TInterval

tpdf(x,df) Computes the probability y =

density function (pdf) for DISTR
the Student-t distribution 5:tpdf(
at a specified x value with
specified degrees of
freedom df.
Trace Displays the graph and r
enters TRACE mode.
T-Test m0[,listname, Performs a t test with †…
freqlist,alternative, frequency freqlist. TESTS
drawflag] alternative=L1 is <; 2:T-Test
(Data list input) alternative=0 is ƒ;
alternative=1 is >.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
T-Test m0, v,Sx,n Performs a t test with †…
[,alternative,drawflag] frequency freqlist. TESTS
(Summary stats input) alternative=L1 is < ; 2:T-Test
alternative=0 is ă;
alternative=1 is >.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 165

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

tvm_FV[(Ú,æ,PV,PMT, Computes the future Œ 1:Finance

P/Y,C/Y)] value. CALC
6:tvm_FV

tvm_æ[(Ú,PV,PMT,FV, Computes the annual Œ 1:Finance

P/Y,C/Y)] interest rate. CALC
3:tvm_æ

tvm_Ú[(æ,PV,PMT,FV, Computes the number of Œ 1:Finance

P/Y,C/Y)] payment periods. CALC
5:tvm_Ú

tvm_Pmt[(Ú,æ,PV,FV, Computes the amount of Œ 1:Finance

P/Y,C/Y)] each payment. CALC
2:tvm_Pmt

tvm_PV[(Ú,æ,PMT,FV, Computes the present Œ 1:Finance

P/Y,C/Y)] value. CALC
4:tvm_PV
UnArchive Moves the specified yL
variables from the user 6:UnArchive
data archive memory to
RAM.
To archive variables, use
Archive.

uvAxes Sets sequence graphs to † y.

plot u(n) on the x-axis and uv
v(n) on the y-axis.

uwAxes Sets sequence graphs to † y.

plot u(n) on the x-axis and uw
w(n) on the y-axis.

1-Var Stats [Xlistname, Performs one-variable …

freqlist] analysis on the data in CALC
Xlistname with frequency 1:1-Var Stats
freqlist.
2-Var Stats [Xlistname, Performs two-variable …
Ylistname,freqlist] analysis on the data in CALC
Xlistname and Ylistname 2:2-Var Stats
with frequency freqlist.

166 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

variance(list[,freqlist]) Returns the variance of y9

the elements in list with MATH
frequency freqlist. 8:variance(

Vertical x Draws a vertical line at x. y<

DRAW
4:Vertical
vwAxes Sets sequence graphs to † y.
plot v(n) on the x-axis and vw
w(n) on the y-axis.

Web Sets sequence graphs to † y.

trace as webs. Web

:While condition Executes commands while †

:commands condition is true. CTL
:End 5:While
:command

valueA xor valueB Returns 1 if only valueA or y :

valueB = 0. valueA and LOGIC
valueB can be real 3:xor
numbers, expressions, or
lists.
ZBox Displays a graph, lets you † q
draw a box that defines a ZOOM
new viewing window, and 1:ZBox
updates the window.
ZDecimal Adjusts the viewing †q
window so that @X=0.1 ZOOM
and @Y=0.1, and displays 4:ZDecimal
the graph screen with the
origin centered on the
screen.
ZInteger Redefines the viewing †q
window using these ZOOM
dimensions: 8:ZInteger
@X=1 Xscl=10
@Y=1 Yscl=10

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 167

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

ZInterval s[,listname, Computes a z confidence †…

freqlist,confidence level] interval. TESTS
(Data list input) 7:ZInterval

ZInterval s,v,n Computes a z confidence †…

[,confidence level] interval. TESTS
(Summary stats input) 7:ZInterval

Zoom In Magnifies the part of the †q

graph that surrounds the ZOOM
cursor location. 2:Zoom In

Zoom Out Displays a greater portion † q

of the graph, centered on ZOOM
the cursor location. 3:Zoom Out

ZoomFit Recalculates Ymin and †q

Ymax to include the ZOOM
minimum and maximum 0:ZoomFit
Y values, between Xmin
and Xmax, of the selected
functions and replots the
functions.
ZoomRcl Graphs the selected †q
functions in a user- MEMORY
defined viewing window. 3:ZoomRcl
ZoomStat Redefines the viewing †q
window so that all ZOOM
statistical data points are 9:ZoomStat
displayed.
ZoomSto Immediately stores the †q
current viewing window. MEMORY
2:ZoomSto
ZPrevious Replots the graph using †q
the window variables of MEMORY
the graph that was 1:ZPrevious
displayed before you
executed the last ZOOM
instruction.

168 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item
ZSquare Adjusts the X or Y †q
window settings so that ZOOM
each pixel represents an 5:ZSquare
equal width and height in
the coordinate system,
and updates the viewing
window.
ZStandard Replots the functions †q
immediately, updating ZOOM
the window variables to 6:ZStandard
the default values.
Z-Test(m0,s[,listname, Performs a z test with †…
freqlist,alternative, frequency freqlist. TESTS
drawflag]) alternative=L1 is <; 1:Z-Test(
(Data list input) alternative=0 is ƒ;
alternative=1 is >.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
Z-Test(m0,s,v,n Performs a z test. †…
[,alternative,drawflag]) alternative=L1 is <; TESTS
(Summary stats input) alternative=0 is ƒ; 1:Z-Test(
alternative=1 is >.
drawflag=1 draws results;
drawflag=0 calculates
results.
ZTrig Replots the functions †q
immediately, updating ZOOM
the window variables to 7:ZTrig
preset values for plotting
trig functions.
Factorial: value! Returns factorial of value. 
PRB
4:!

Factorial: list! Returns factorial of list 

elements. PRB
4:!

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 169

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Degrees notation: value¡ Interprets value as y;

degrees; designates ANGLE
degrees in DMS format. 1:¡

Radian: angler Interprets angle as y;

radians. ANGLE
3:r

Transpose: matrixT Returns a matrix in which y>

each element (row, MATH
column) is swapped with 2:T
the corresponding
element (column, row) of
matrix.

xthrootx‡value Returns xthroot of value. 

MATH
5:x‡

xthrootx‡list Returns xthroot of list 

elements. MATH
5:x‡

listx‡value Returns list roots of value. 

MATH
5:x‡

listAx‡listB Returns listA roots of listB. 

MATH
5:x‡

Cube: value3 Returns the cube of a real 

or complex number, MATH
expression, list, or square 3:3
matrix.

Cube root: 3‡(value) Returns the cube root of a 

real or complex number, MATH
expression, or list. 4:3‡

170 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Equal: valueA=valueB Returns 1 if y:

valueA = valueB. Returns 0 TEST
if valueA ƒ valueB. valueA 1:=
and valueB can be real or
complex numbers,
expressions, lists, or
matrices.
Not equal: Returns 1 if y:
valueAƒvalueB valueA ƒ valueB. Returns 0 TEST
if valueA = valueB. valueA 2:ƒ
and valueB can be real or
complex numbers,
expressions, lists, or
matrices.
Less than: Returns 1 if y:
valueA<valueB valueA < valueB. Returns 0 TEST
if valueA ‚ valueB. valueA 5:<
and valueB can be real or
complex numbers,
expressions, or lists.
Greater than: Returns 1 if y:
valueA>valueB valueA > valueB. Returns 0 TEST
if valueA  valueB. valueA 3:>
and valueB can be real or
complex numbers,
expressions, or lists.
Less than or equal: Returns 1 if y:
valueAvalueB valueA  valueB. Returns 0 TEST
if valueA > valueB. valueA 6:
and valueB can be real or
complex numbers,
expressions, or lists.
Greater than or equal: Returns 1 if valueA ‚ y:
valueA‚valueB valueB. Returns 0 if TEST
valueA < valueB. valueA 4:‚
and valueB can be real or
complex numbers,
expressions, or lists.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 171

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Inverse: valueL1 Returns 1 divided by a real —

or complex number or
expression.

Inverse: listL1 Returns 1 divided by list —

elements.

Inverse: matrixL1 Returns matrix inverted. —

Square: value2 Returns value multiplied ¡

by itself. value can be a
real or complex number
or expression.

Square: list2 Returns list elements ¡

squared.

Square: matrix2 Returns matrix multiplied ¡

by itself.
Powers: value^power Returns value raised to ›
power. value can be a real
or complex number or
expression.
Powers: list^power Returns list elements ›
raised to power.
Powers: value^list Returns value raised to list ›
elements.
Powers: matrix^power Returns matrix elements ›
raised to power.
Negation: Lvalue Returns the negative of a Ì
real or complex number,
expression, list, or matrix.
Power of ten: 10^(value) Returns 10 raised to the yG
value power. value can be
a real or complex number
or expression.
Power of ten: 10^(list) Returns a list of 10 raised yG
to the list power.

172 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item

Square root: ‡(value) Returns square root of a yC

real or complex number,
expression, or list.
Multiplication: Returns valueA times ¯
valueAävalueB valueB.
Multiplication: Returns value times each ¯
valueälist list element.
Multiplication: Returns each list element ¯
listävalue times value.
Multiplication: Returns listA elements ¯
listAälistB times listB elements.
Multiplication: Returns value times matrix ¯
valueämatrix elements.
Multiplication: Returns matrixA times ¯
matrixAämatrixB matrixB.
Division: valueAàvalueB Returns valueA divided by ¥
valueB.
Division: listàvalue Returns list elements ¥
divided by value.
Division: valueàlist Returns value divided by ¥
list elements.
Division: listAàlistB Returns listA elements ¥
divided by listB elements.
Addition: valueA+valueB Returns valueA plus Ã
valueB.
Addition: list+value Returns list in which value Ã
is added to each list
element.
Addition: listA+listB Returns listA elements Ã
plus listB elements.
Addition: Returns matrixA elements Ã
matrixA+matrixB plus matrixB elements.

Appendix A: Functions and Instructions 173

Function or Key or Keys/Menu
Instruction/Arguments Result or Screen/Item
Concatenation: Concatenates two or Ã
string1+string2 more strings.
Subtraction: Subtracts valueB from ¹
valueANvalueB valueA.
Subtraction: Subtracts list elements ¹
valueNlist from value.
Subtraction: Subtracts value from list ¹
listNvalue elements.
Subtraction: Subtracts listB elements ¹
listANlistB from listA elements.
Subtraction: Subtracts matrixB ¹
matrixANmatrixB elements from matrixA
elements.
Minutes Interprets minutes angle y;
notation:degrees¡minutes measurement as minutes. ANGLE
'seconds" 2:'

Seconds notation: Interprets seconds angle ƒ [ã]

degrees¡minutes'seconds" measurement as seconds.

174 Appendix A: Functions and Instructions

C_Appx_B.fm Page 177 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

B
Appendix B:
Reference Information

Variables
User Variables
The TI-84 Plus uses the variables listed below in various ways. Some
variables are restricted to specific data types.
The variables A through Z and q are defined as real or complex numbers.
You may store to them. The TI-84 Plus can update X, Y, R, q, and T during
graphing, so you may want to avoid using these variables to store
nongraphing data.
The variables (list names) L1 through L6 are restricted to lists; you cannot
store another type of data to them.
The variables (matrix names) [A] through [J] are restricted to matrices;
you cannot store another type of data to them.
The variables Pic1 through Pic9 and Pic0 are restricted to pictures; you
cannot store another type of data to them.
The variables GDB1 through GDB9 and GDB0 are restricted to graph
databases; you cannot store another type of data to them.
The variables Str1 through Str9 and Str0 are restricted to strings; you
cannot store another type of data to them.
Except for system variables, you can store any string of characters,
functions, instructions, or variables to the functions Yn, (1 through 9, and
0), XnT/YnT (1 through 6), rn (1 through 6), u(n), v(n), and w(n) directly or
through the Y= editor. The validity of the string is determined when the
function is evaluated.

Archive Variables
You can store data, programs or any variable from RAM to user data
archive memory where they cannot be edited or deleted inadvertantly.
Archiving also allows you to free up RAM for variables that may require
additional memory. The names of archived variables are preceded by an
asterisk indicating they are in user data archive.
“*”

Appendix B: Reference Information 177

C_Appx_B.fm Page 178 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

System Variables
The variables below must be real numbers. You may store to them. Since
the TI-84 Plus can update some of them, as the result of a ZOOM, for
example, you may want to avoid using these variables to store
nongraphing data.
• Xmin, Xmax, Xscl, @X, XFact, Tstep, PlotStart, nMin, and other
window variables.
• ZXmin, ZXmax, ZXscl, ZTstep, ZPlotStart, Zu(nMin), and other
ZOOM variables.
The variables below are reserved for use by the TI-84 Plus. You cannot
store to them.
n, v, Sx, sx, minX, maxX, Gy, Gy2, Gxy, a, b, c, RegEQ, x1, x2, y1, z, t, F,
c2, Ç, v1, Sx1, n1, lower, upper, r2, R2 and other statistical variables.

178 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 179 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Statistics Formulas
This section contains statistics formulas for the Logistic and SinReg
regressions, ANOVA, 2-SampÜTest, and 2-SampTTest.

Logistic
The logistic regression algorithm applies nonlinear recursive least-squares
techniques to optimize the following cost function:
N

∑ ⎛⎝ ----------------------
- – y i⎞
c 2
J = – bxi ⎠
i=1 1 + ae
which is the sum of the squares of the residual errors,

where: x = the independent variable list

y = the dependent variable list
N = the dimension of the lists

This technique attempts to estimate the constants a, b, and c recursively

to make J as small as possible.

SinReg
The sine regression algorithm applies nonlinear recursive least-squares
techniques to optimize the following cost function:
N

∑ [a sin ( bxi + c ) + d – yi ]
2
J =
i=1

which is the sum of the squares of the residual errors,

where: x = the independent variable list

y = the dependent variable list
N = the dimension of the lists

This technique attempts to recursively estimate the constants a, b, c, and

d to make J as small as possible.

ANOVA(
The ANOVA Ü statistic is:

FactorMS
Ü = --------------------------
ErrorMS

Appendix B: Reference Information 179

C_Appx_B.fm Page 180 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

The mean squares (MS) that make up Ü are:

FactorSS
FactorMS = ------------------------
Factordf
ErrorSS
ErrorMS = ---------------------
Errordf
The sum of squares (SS) that make up the mean squares are:
I

∑ ni ( xi –x )
2
FactorSS =
i=1

I
ErrorSS = ∑ ( ni –1 )Sxi 2
i=1

The degrees of freedom df that make up the mean squares are:

Factordf = I – 1 = numeratordf for Ü

I
Errordf = ∑ ( ni – 1 ) = denominatordf for Ü
i=1

where: I = number of populations

xi = the mean of each list
= the standard deviation of each list
Sxi = the length of each list
ni = the mean of all lists
x

2-SampFTest
Below is the definition for the 2-SampÜTest.

Sx1, Sx2 = Sample standard deviations having n 1 – 1

and n 2 – 1 degrees of freedom df,
respectively.
2
Û-statistic = ⎛ ---------⎞
Sx1
Ü = ⎝ Sx2⎠

df(x, n 1 – 1 , n 2 – 1 ) = Ûpdf( ) with degrees of freedom df, n 1 – 1 ,

and n 2 – 1
p = reported p value

180 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 181 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

2-SampÜTest for the alternative hypothesis σ1 > σ2 .

α
p = ∫ f ( x ,n 1 – 1 ,n 2 – 1 )dx
F
2-SampÜTest for the alternative hypothesis σ1 < σ2 .
F
p = ∫ f ( x ,n 1 – 1 ,n 2 – 1 )dx
0
2-SampÜTest for the alternative hypothesis s1 ƒ s2. Limits must satisfy
the following:

L bnd ∞
p
--- =
2 ∫ f ( x , n 1 – 1 ,n 2 – 1 ) d x = ∫ f ( x ,n 1 – 1 ,n 2 – 1 ) dx
0 U bnd

where: [Lbnd,Ubnd] = lower and upper limits

The Ü-statistic is used as the bound producing the smallest integral. The
remaining bound is selected to achieve the preceding integral’s equality
relationship.

2-SampTTest
The following is the definition for the 2-SampTTest. The two-sample t
statistic with degrees of freedom df is:

x1 – x2
t = ---------------
-
S
where the computation of S and df are dependent on whether the
variances are pooled. If the variances are not pooled:

Sx 1 2 Sx 2 2
S = ---------
- + ----------
n1 n2
2
⎛ Sx 1 2 Sx 2 2⎞
⎜ ---------- + ----------⎟
⎝ n1 n2 ⎠
df = --------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 2 2 2
1 ⎛ Sx 1 ⎞ 1 ⎛ Sx 2 ⎞
-------------- ⎜ --------- -⎟ + -------------- ⎜ --------- -⎟
n1 – 1 ⎝ n1 ⎠ n2 – 1 ⎝ n2 ⎠

Appendix B: Reference Information 181

C_Appx_B.fm Page 182 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

otherwise:

( n 1 – 1 )Sx 1 2 + ( n 2 – 1 )Sx 2 2
Sx p = ------------------------------------------------------------------
-
df

1 1
S = ----- + ----- Sx p
n1 n2

df = n 1 + n 2 – 2
and Sxp is the pooled variance.

182 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 183 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Financial Formulas
This section contains financial formulas for computing time value of
money, amortization, cash flow, interest-rate conversions, and days
between dates.

Time Value of Money

( y × ln ( x + 1 ) )
i = [e ]–1

where: PMT ƒ 0
y = C/Y ÷ P/Y
x = (.01 × I%) ÷ C/Y
C/Y = compounding periods per year
P/Y = payment periods per year
I% = interest rate per year

(1 ÷ N)
i = ( – FV ÷ PV ) –1
where: PMT = 0
The iteration used to compute i:
–N
1 – (1 + i) –N
0 = PV + PMT × G i ------------------------------ + FV × ( 1 + i )
i
( y × ln ( x + 1 ) )
I% = 100 × C ⁄ Y × [ e – 1]

where: x = i
y = P/Y ÷ C/Y

Gi = 1 + i × k

where: k = 0 for end-of-period payments

k = 1 for beginning-of-period payments

PMT × G i – FV × i
ln ⎛ ----------------------------------------------⎞
⎝ PMT × G i + PV × i⎠
N = ----------------------------------------------------------
ln ( 1 + i )
where: i ƒ 0

N = – ( PV + FV ) ÷ PMT

Appendix B: Reference Information 183

C_Appx_B.fm Page 184 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

where: i = 0

–i PV + FV
PMT = ----- × PV + ---------------------------
N
-
Gi (1 + i) – 1
where: i ƒ 0

PMT = – ( PV + FV ) ÷ N
where: i = 0

PMT × G 1 PMT × G
PV = ------------------------i – FV × ------------------N- – ------------------------i
i (1 + i) i

where: i ƒ 0

PV = – ( FV + PMT × N )
where: i = 0

PMT × G PMT × G
FV = ------------------------i – ( 1 + i ) × ⎛ PV + ------------------------i⎞
N
i ⎝ i ⎠
where: i ƒ 0

FV = – ( PV + PMT × N )
where: i = 0

Amortization
If computing bal(), pmt2 = npmt
Let bal(0) = RND(PV)
Iterate from m = 1 to pmt2

I m = RND [ RND12 ( – i × bal ( m – 1 ) ) ]

⎩ bal ( m ) = bal ( m – 1 ) – I m + RND ( PMT )

184 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 185 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

then:

bal( ) = bal ( pmt2 )

ΣPrn( ) = bal ( pmt2 ) – bal ( pmt1 )

ΣInt( ) = ( pmt2 – pmt1 + 1 ) × RND ( PMT ) – ΣPrn( )

where: RND = round the display to the number of decimal places
selected
RND12 = round to 12 decimal places

Balance, principal, and interest are dependent on the values of PMT, PV,
æ, and pmt1 and pmt2.

Cash Flow

N -n
-S – 1 (1 – (1 + i) j)
∑ CFj ( 1 + i )
j
npv( ) = CF 0 + ----------------------------------
i
j=1

⎧ j
where: S j = ⎨ ∑
⎪ ni j≥1
⎪i = 1
⎩ 0 j = 0

Net present value is dependent on the values of the initial cash flow
(CF0), subsequent cash flows (CFj), frequency of each cash flow (nj), and
the specified interest rate (i).
irr() = 100 × i, where i satisfies npv() = 0
Internal rate of return is dependent on the values of the initial cash flow
(CF0) and subsequent cash flows (CFj).
i = I% ÷ 100

Interest Rate Conversions

4Eff = CP × ln ( x + 1 )
100 × (e – 1)
where: x = .01 × Nom ÷ CP
4Nom = 1 ÷ CP × ln ( x + 1 )
100 × CP × [ e – 1]

Appendix B: Reference Information 185

C_Appx_B.fm Page 186 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

where: x = .01 × Eff

Eff = effective rate
CP = compounding periods
Nom = nominal rate

Days between Dates

With the dbd( function, you can enter or compute a date within the
range Jan. 1, 1950, through Dec. 31, 2049.
Actual/actual day-count method (assumes actual number of days per
month and actual number of days per year):
dbd( (days between dates) = Number of Days II - Number of Days I

Number of Days I = (Y1-YB) × 365

+ (number of days MB to M1)
+ DT1
+ ( Y1 – YB )
------------------------
4

Number of Days II = (Y2-YB) × 365

+ (number of days MB to M2)
+ DT2
+ ( Y2 – YB )
------------------------
4

where: M1 = month of first date

DT1 = day of first date
Y1 = year of first date
M2 = month of second date
DT2 = day of second date
Y2 = year of second date
MB = base month (January)
DB = base day (1)
YB = base year (first year after leap year)

186 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 187 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Important Things You Need to Know About Your

TI-84 Plus
TI-84 Plus Results
There may be a number of reasons that your TI-84 Plus is not displaying
the expected results; however, the most common solutions involve order
of operations or mode settings. Your calculator uses an Equation
Operating System (EOS) which evaluates the functions in an expression in
the following order:
1. Functions that precede the argument, such as square root, sin(, or
log(
2. Functions that are entered after the argument, such as exponents,
factorial, r, ¡, and conversions
3. Powers and roots, such as 2^5, or 5*square root(32)
4. Permutations (nPr) and combinations (nCr)
5. Multiplication, implied multiplication, and division
6. Addition and subtraction
7. Relational functions, such as > or <
8. Logic operator and
9. Logic operators or and xor
Remember that EOS evaluates from left to right and calculations within
parentheses are evaluated first. You should use parentheses where the
rules of algebra may not be clear.
If you are using trigonometric functions or performing polar and
rectangular conversions, the unexpected results may be caused by an
angle mode setting. The Radian and Degree angle mode settings control
how the TI-84 Plus interprets angle values.
To change the angle mode settings, follow these steps:
1. Press z to display the Mode settings.
2. Select Degree or Radian.
3. Press Í to save the angle mode setting.

ERR:DIM MISMATCH Error

Your TI-84 Plus displays the ERR:DIM MISMATCH error if you are trying to
perform an operation that references one or more lists or matrices whose
dimensions do not match. For example, multiplying L1*L2, where
L1={1,2,3,4,5} and L2={1,2} produces an ERR:DIM MISMATCH error
because the number of elements in L1 and L2 do not match.

Appendix B: Reference Information 187

C_Appx_B.fm Page 188 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

ERR:INVALID DIM Error

The ERR:INVALID DIM error message may occur if you are trying to graph
a function that does not involve the stat plot features. The error can be
corrected by turning off the stat plots. To turn the stat plots off, press
y , and then select 4:PlotsOff.

Link-Receive L1 (or any file) to Restore Message

Your TI-84 Plus displays the Link-Receive L1 (or any file) to Restore
message if it has been disabled for testing, and not re-enabled. To
restore your calculator to full functionality after testing, link to another
TI-84 Plus and transfer any file to the disabled calculator, or use TI
Connect™ to download a file from your computer to your TI-84 Plus.
To transfer a file from another TI-84 Plus:
1. On the receiving unit, press y 8 and then select RECEIVE.
2. On the sending calculator, Press y 8.
3. Select a file to send by selecting a category, and then selecting a file
to send.

4. Select TRANSMIT to send the file.

Contrast Feature
If the contrast setting is too dark (set to 9) or too dim (set to 0) the unit
may appear as if it is malfunctioning or turned off. To adjust the contrast,
press and release y, and then press and hold } or †.

188 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 189 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

TI-84 Plus Identification Code

Your graphing calculator has a unique identification (ID) code that you
should record and keep. You can use this 14 digit ID to register your
calculator at education.ti.com or identify your calculator in the event
that it is lost or stolen. A valid ID includes numbers 0 through 9 and the
letters A through F.
You can view the calculator’s Operating System, Product Number, ID, and
Certificate Revision Number from the About screen. To display the About
screen, press y L and then select 1:About.

Your unique product ID code: _____________________________

Backups
Your TI-84 Plus is similar to a computer, in that it stores files and Apps
that are important to you. It is always a good idea to back up your
graphing calculator device files and Apps using the TI Connect™
software and a USB computer cable. You can find the specific procedures
for backing up your calculator’s device files and Apps in the TI Connect™
Help file.

Apps
TI-84 Plus Software Applications (Apps) is software that you can add to
your calculator in the same way you would add software to your
computer. Apps let you customize your calculator for peak performance
in specific areas of study. You can find apps for the TI-84 Plus at the TI
Online Store at education.ti.com.

TI-Cares KnowledgeBase
The TI-Cares KnowledgeBase provides 24-hour access through the Web to
find answers to frequently asked questions. The TI-Cares KnowledgeBase
searches its repository of known solutions and presents you with the
solutions that are most likely to solve your problem. You can search the
TI-Cares KnowledgeBase at education.ti.com/support.

Appendix B: Reference Information 189

C_Appx_B.fm Page 190 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Error Conditions
When the TI-84 Plus detects an error, it returns an error message as a
menu title, such as ERR:SYNTAX or ERR:DOMAIN. This table contains
each error type, possible causes, and suggestions for correction. The error
types listed in this table are each preceded by ERR: on your graphing
calculator display. For example, you will see ERR:ARCHIVED as a menu
title when your graphing calculator detects an ARCHIVED error type.

Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies

ARCHIVED You have attempted to use, edit, or delete an
archived variable. For example, the expression
dim(L1) produces an error if L1 is archived.
ARCHIVE FULL You have attempted to archive a variable and there
is not enough space in archive to receive it.
ARGUMENT A function or instruction does not have the correct
number of arguments. See Appendix A for function
and instruction syntax.
Appendix A displays the arguments and punctuation
needed to execute the function or instruction. For
example, stdDev(list[,freqlist]) is a function of the
TI-84 Plus. The arguments are shown in italics. The
arguments in brackets are optional and you need
not type them. You must also be sure to separate
multiple arguments with a comma (,). For example,
stdDev(list[,freqlist]) might be entered as stdDev(L1)
or stdDev(L1,L2) since the frequency list or freqlist is
optional.
BAD ADDRESS You have attempted to send or receive an
application and an error (e.g. electrical interference)
has occurred in the transmission.
BAD GUESS • In a CALC operation, you specified a Guess that
is not between Left Bound and Right Bound.
• For the solve( function or the equation solver,
you specified a guess that is not between lower
and upper.
• Your guess and several points around it are
undefined.
Examine a graph of the function. If the equation has
a solution, change the bounds and/or the initial
guess.

190 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 191 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies

BOUND • In a CALC operation or with Select(, you
defined Left Bound > Right Bound.
• In fMin(, fMax(, solve(, or the equation solver,
you entered lower ‚ upper.
BREAK You pressed the É key to break execution of a
program, to halt a DRAW instruction, or to stop
evaluation of an expression.
DATA TYPE You entered a value or variable that is the wrong
data type.
• For a function (including implied multiplication)
or an instruction, you entered an argument that
is an invalid data type, such as a complex
number where a real number is required. See
Appendix A and the appropriate chapter.
• In an editor, you entered a type that is not
allowed, such as a matrix entered as an element
in the stat list editor. See the appropriate
chapter.
• You attempted to store an incorrect data type,
such as a matrix, to a list.
DIM MISMATCH Your calculator displays the ERR:DIM MISMATCH
error if you are trying to perform an operation that
references one or more lists or matrices whose
dimensions do not match. For example, multiplying
L1*L2, where L1={1,2,3,4,5} and L2={1,2} produces an
ERR:DIM MISMATCH error because the number of
elements in L1 and L2 do not match.
DIVIDE BY 0 • You attempted to divide by zero. This error is
not returned during graphing. The TI-84 Plus
allows for undefined values on a graph.
• You attempted a linear regression with a vertical
line.

Appendix B: Reference Information 191

C_Appx_B.fm Page 192 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies

DOMAIN • You specified an argument to a function or
instruction outside the valid range. This error is
not returned during graphing. The TI-84 Plus
allows for undefined values on a graph. See
Appendix A.
• You attempted a logarithmic or power
regression with a LX or an exponential or power
regression with a LY.
• You attempted to compute GPrn( or GInt( with
pmt2 < pmt1.
DUPLICATE You attempted to create a duplicate group name.
Duplicate Name A variable you attempted to transmit cannot be
transmitted because a variable with that name
already exists in the receiving unit.
EXPIRED You have attempted to run an application with a
limited trial period which has expired.
Error in Xmit • The TI-84 Plus was unable to transmit an item.
Check to see that the cable is firmly connected
to both units and that the receiving unit is in
receive mode.
• You pressed É to break during transmission.
• You attempted to perform a backup from a
TI.82 to a TI-84 Plus.
• You attempted to transfer data (other than L1
through L6) from a TI-84 Plus to a TI.82.
• You attempted to transfer L1 through L6 from a
TI-84 Plus to a TI.82 without using
5:Lists to TI82 on the LINK SEND menu.
ID NOT FOUND This error occurs when the SendID command is
executed but the proper graphing calculator ID
cannot be found.
ILLEGAL NEST • You attempted to use an invalid function in an
argument to a function, such as seq( within
expression for seq(.

192 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 193 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies

INCREMENT • The increment in seq( is 0 or has the wrong sign.
This error is not returned during graphing. The
TI-84 Plus allows for undefined values on a
graph.
• The increment in a For( loop is 0.
INVALID • You attempted to reference a variable or use a
function where it is not valid. For example, Yn
cannot reference Y, Xmin, @X, or TblStart.
• You attempted to reference a variable or
function that was transferred from the TI.82
and is not valid for the TI-84 Plus For example,
you may have transferred UnN1 to the TI-84 Plus
from the TI.82 and then tried to reference it.
• In Seq mode, you attempted to graph a phase
plot without defining both equations of the
phase plot.
• In Seq mode, you attempted to graph a
recursive sequence without having input the
correct number of initial conditions.
• In Seq mode, you attempted to reference terms
other than (nN1) or (nN2).
• You attempted to designate a graph style that is
invalid within the current graph mode.
• You attempted to use Select( without having
selected (turned on) at least one xyLine or
scatter plot.
INVALID DIM • The ERR:INVALID DIM error message may occur
if you are trying to graph a function that does
not involve the stat plot features. The error can
be corrected by turning off the stat plots. To
turn the stat plots off, press y , and
then select 4:PlotsOff.
• You specified a list dimension as something
other than an integer between 1 and 999.
• You specified a matrix dimension as something
other than an integer between 1 and 99.
• You attempted to invert a matrix that is not
square.

Appendix B: Reference Information 193

C_Appx_B.fm Page 194 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies

ITERATIONS • The solve( function or the equation solver has
exceeded the maximum number of permitted
iterations. Examine a graph of the function. If
the equation has a solution, change the bounds,
or the initial guess, or both.
• irr( has exceeded the maximum number of
permitted iterations.
• When computing æ, the maximum number of
iterations was exceeded.
LABEL The label in the Goto instruction is not defined with
a Lbl instruction in the program.
LINK L1 (or any The calculator has been disabled for testing. To
other file) to restore full functionality, use TI Connect™ to
Restore download a file to your calculator from your
computer, or transfer any file to your calculator from
another TI-84 Plus. (See the instructions under
Important Things to Know about your TI-84 Plus,
earlier in this chapter.)
MEMORY Memory is insufficient to perform the instruction or
function. You must delete items from memory
before executing the instruction or function.
Recursive problems return this error; for example,
graphing the equation Y1=Y1.
Branching out of an If/Then, For(, While, or Repeat
loop with a Goto also can return this error because
the End statement that terminates the loop is never
reached.
MemoryFull • You are unable to transmit an item because the
receiving unit’s available memory is insufficient.
You may skip the item or exit receive mode.
• During a memory backup, the receiving unit’s
available memory is insufficient to receive all
items in the sending unit’s memory. A message
indicates the number of bytes the sending unit
must delete to do the memory backup. Delete
items and try again.

194 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 195 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies

MODE You attempted to store to a window variable in
another graphing mode or to perform an instruction
while in the wrong mode; for example, DrawInv in a
graphing mode other than Func.
NO SIGN CHNG • The solve( function or the equation solver did
not detect a sign change.
• You attempted to compute æ when FV,
(Ú…PMT), and PV are all ‚ 0, or when FV,
(Ú…PMT), and PV are all _ 0.
• You attempted to compute irr( when neither
CFList nor CFO is > 0, or when neither CFList nor
CFO is < 0.
NONREAL ANS In Real mode, the result of a calculation yielded a
complex result. This error is not returned during
graphing. The TI-84 Plus allows for undefined values
on a graph.
OVERFLOW You attempted to enter, or you have calculated, a
number that is beyond the range of the graphing
calculator. This error is not returned during
graphing. The TI-84 Plus allows for undefined values
on a graph.
RESERVED You attempted to use a system variable
inappropriately. See Appendix A.
SINGULAR MAT • A singular matrix (determinant = 0) is not valid
as the argument for L1.
• The SinReg instruction or a polynomial
regression generated a singular matrix
(determinant = 0) because it could not find a
solution, or a solution does not exist.
This error is not returned during graphing. The TI-84
Plus allows for undefined values on a graph.
SINGULARITY expression in the solve( function or the equation
solver contains a singularity (a point at which the
function is not defined). Examine a graph of the
function. If the equation has a solution, change the
bounds or the initial guess or both.

Appendix B: Reference Information 195

C_Appx_B.fm Page 196 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies

STAT You attempted a stat calculation with lists that are
not appropriate.
• Statistical analyses must have at least two data
points.
• Med-Med must have at least three points in
each partition.
• When you use a frequency list, its elements must
be ‚ 0.
• (Xmax N Xmin) à Xscl must be‚ 47 for a
histogram.
STAT PLOT You attempted to display a graph when a stat plot
that uses an undefined list is turned on.
SYNTAX The command contains a syntax error. Look for
misplaced functions, arguments, parentheses, or
commas. Appendix A displays the arguments and
punctuation needed to execute the function or
instruction.
For example, stdDev(list[,freqlist]) is a function of the
TI-84 Plus. The arguments are shown in italics. The
arguments in brackets are optional and you need
not type them. You must also be sure to separate
multiple arguments with a comma (,). For example
stdDev(list[,freqlist]) might be entered as stdDev(L1)
or stdDev(L1,L2) since the frequency list or freqlist is
optional.
TOL NOT MET You requested a tolerance to which the algorithm
cannot return an accurate result.
UNDEFINED You referenced a variable that is not currently
defined. For example, you referenced a stat variable
when there is no current calculation because a list
has been edited, or you referenced a variable when
the variable is not valid for the current calculation,
such as a after Med-Med.
VALIDATION Electrical interference caused a link to fail or this
graphing calculator is not authorized to run the
application.

196 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 197 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Error Type Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies

VARIABLE You have tried to archive a variable that cannot be
archived or you have tried to unarchive an
application or group.
Examples of variables that cannot be archived
include:
• Real numbers LRESID, R, T, X, Y, Theta, Statistic
variables under Vars, STATISTICS menu, Yvars,
and the AppIdList.
VERSION You have attempted to receive an incompatible
variable version from another graphing calculator.
WINDOW RANGE A problem exists with the window variables.
• You defined Xmax  Xmin or Ymax  Ymin.
• You defined qmax  qmin and qstep > 0 (or vice
versa).
• You attempted to define Tstep=0.
• You defined Tmax  Tmin and Tstep > 0 (or vice
versa).
• Window variables are too small or too large to
graph correctly. You may have attempted to
zoom in or zoom out to a point that exceeds the
TI-84 Plus’s numerical range.
ZOOM • A point or a line, instead of a box, is defined in
ZBox.
• A ZOOM operation returned a math error.

Appendix B: Reference Information 197

C_Appx_B.fm Page 198 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

Accuracy Information
Computational Accuracy
To maximize accuracy, the TI-84 Plus carries more digits internally than it
displays. Values are stored in memory using up to 14 digits with a two-
digit exponent.
• You can store a value in the window variables using up to 10 digits
(12 for Xscl, Yscl, Tstep, and qstep).
• Displayed values are rounded as specified by the mode setting with a
maximum of 10 digits and a two-digit exponent.
• RegEQ displays up to 14 digits in Float mode. Using a fixed-decimal
setting other than Float causes RegEQ results to be rounded and
stored with the specified number of decimal places.
Xmin is the center of the leftmost pixel, Xmax is the center of the next-
to-the-rightmost pixel. (The rightmost pixel is reserved for the busy
indicator.) @X is the distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels.
• In Full screen mode, @X is calculated as (Xmax N Xmin) à 94. In G-T
split-screen mode, @X is calculated as (Xmax N Xmin) à 46.
• If you enter a value for @X from the home screen or a program in
Full screen mode, Xmax is calculated as Xmin + @X É… 94. In G-T split-
screen mode, Xmax is calculated as Xmin + @X É… 46.
Ymin is the center of the next-to-the-bottom pixel; Ymax is the center of
the top pixel. @Y is the distance between the centers of two adjacent
pixels.
• In Full screen mode, @Y is calculated as (Ymax N Ymin) à 62. In Horiz
split-screen mode, @Y is calculated as (Ymax N Ymin) à 30. In G-T
split-screen mode, @Y is calculated as (Ymax N Ymin) à 50.
• If you enter a value for @Y from the home screen or a program in
Full screen mode, Ymax is calculated as Ymin + @Y É… 62. In Horiz
split-screen mode, Ymax is calculated as Ymin + @Y … 30. In G-T split-
screen mode, Ymax is calculated as Ymin + @Y É … 50.
Cursor coordinates are displayed as eight-character numbers (which may
include a negative sign, decimal point, and exponent) when Float mode
is selected. X and Y are updated with a maximum accuracy of eight
digits.

198 Appendix B: Reference Information

C_Appx_B.fm Page 199 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

minimum and maximum on the CALCULATE menu are calculated with a

tolerance of 1âL5; ‰f(x)dx is calculated at 1âL3. Therefore, the result
displayed may not be accurate to all eight displayed digits. For most
functions, at least five accurate digits exist. For fMin(, fMax(, and fnInt(
on the MATH menu and solve( in the CATALOG, the tolerance can be
specified.

Function Limits
Function Range of Input Values
sin x, cos x, tan x 0  |x| < 10 12 (radian or degree)

sinL1 x, cosL1 x L1  x  1

ln x, log x 10 L100 < x < 10 100

ex L10 100 < x  230.25850929940
10x L10 100 < x< 100
sinh x, cosh x |x|  230.25850929940
tanh x |x| < 10 100

sinhL1 x |x| < 5 × 10 99

coshL1 x 1  x < 5 × 10 99

tanhL1 x L1 < x < 1

‡x (real mode) 0  x < 10 100

‡x (complex mode) |x| < 10 100
x! L.5 _x  69, where x is a multiple of .5

Function Results
Function Range of Result

sinL1 x, tanL1 x L90¡ to 90¡ or Lp à 2 to p à 2 (radians)

cosL1 x 0¡ to 180¡ or 0 to p (radians)

199
C_Appx_B.fm Page 200 Thursday, November 17, 2005 2:44 PM

200
 C
Appendix C:
Service and Warranty Information

Texas Instruments Support and Service

For general information
Home Page: education.ti.com
KnowledgeBase and
e-mail inquiries: education.ti.com/support
Phone: (800) TI-CARES / (800) 842-2737
For U.S., Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and
Virgin Islands only
International
information: education.ti.com/international

For product (hardware) service

Customers in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Virgin
Islands: Always contact Texas Instruments Customer Support before
returning a product for service.
All other customers: Refer to the leaflet enclosed with this product
(hardware) or contact your local Texas Instruments retailer/distributor.

Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information 199

Texas Instruments (TI) Warranty Information
Customers in the U.S. and Canada Only

One-Year Limited Warranty for Commercial Electronic Product

This Texas Instruments ("TI") electronic product warranty extends only to the
original purchaser and user of the product.
Warranty Duration. This TI electronic product is warranted to the original pur-
chaser for a period of one (1) year from the original purchase date.
Warranty Coverage. This TI electronic product is warranted against defective
materials and construction. THIS WARRANTY IS VOID IF THE PRODUCT
HAS BEEN DAMAGED BY ACCIDENT OR UNREASONABLE USE, NEGLECT,
IMPROPER SERVICE, OR OTHER CAUSES NOT ARISING OUT OF DEFECTS
IN MATERIALS OR CONSTRUCTION.
Warranty Disclaimers. ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES ARISING OUT OF THIS
SALE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE
LIMITED IN DURATION TO THE ABOVE ONE-YEAR PERIOD. TEXAS
INSTRUMENTS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF USE OF THE PROD-
UCT OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL COSTS, EXPENSES,
OR DAMAGES INCURRED BY THE CONSUMER OR ANY OTHER USER.
Some states/provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied war-
ranties or consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions
may not apply to you.
Legal Remedies. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may
also have other rights that vary from state to state or province to province.
Warranty Performance. During the above one (1) year warranty period, your
defective product will be either repaired or replaced with a reconditioned
model of an equivalent quality (at TI's option) when the product is returned,
postage prepaid, to Texas Instruments Service Facility. The warranty of the
repaired or replacement unit will continue for the warranty of the original unit
or six (6) months, whichever is longer. Other than the postage requirement,
no charge will be made for such repair and/or replacement. TI strongly rec-
ommends that you insure the product for value prior to mailing.
Software. Software is licensed, not sold. TI and its licensors do not warrant
that the software will be free from errors or meet your specific requirements.
All software is provided "AS IS."
Copyright. The software and any documentation supplied with this product
are protected by copyright.

Australia & New Zealand Customers only

One-Year Limited Warranty for Commercial Electronic Product

This Texas Instruments electronic product warranty extends only to

the original purchaser and user of the product.
Warranty Duration. This Texas Instruments electronic product is
warranted to the original purchaser for a period of one (1) year from
the original purchase date.

200 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information

 Warranty Coverage. This Texas Instruments electronic product is
warranted against defective materials and construction. This war-
ranty is void if the product has been damaged by accident or unrea-
sonable use, neglect, improper service, or other causes not arising
out of defects in materials or construction.
Warranty Disclaimers. Any implied warranties arising out of
this sale, including but not limited to the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are limited
in duration to the above one-year period. Texas Instruments
shall not be liable for loss of use of the product or other inci-
dental or consequential costs, expenses, or damages incurred
by the consumer or any other user.
Except as expressly provided in the One-Year Limited Warranty
for this product, Texas Instruments does not promise that facil-
ities for the repair of this product or parts for the repair of this
product will be available.
Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied
warranties or consequential damages, so the above limitations or
exclusions may not apply to you.
Legal Remedies. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and
you may also have other rights that vary from jurisdiction to jurisdic-
tion.
Warranty Performance. During the above one (1) year warranty
period, your defective product will be either repaired or replaced with
a new or reconditioned model of an equivalent quality (at TI's option)
when the product is returned to the original point of purchase. The
repaired or replacement unit will continue for the warranty of the
original unit or six (6) months, whichever is longer. Other than your
cost to return the product, no charge will be made for such repair
and/or replacement. TI strongly recommends that you insure the
product for value if you mail it.
Software. Software is licensed, not sold. TI and its licensors do not
warrant that the software will be free from errors or meet your spe-
cific requirements. All software is provided "AS IS."
Copyright. The software and any documentation supplied with this
product are protected by copyright.

All Other Customers

For information about the length and terms of the warranty, refer to your
package and/or to the warranty statement enclosed with this product, or con-
tact your local Texas Instruments retailer/distributor.

Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information 201

Battery Information
When to Replace the Batteries
The TI-84 Plus uses five batteries: four AAA alkaline batteries and one
SR44SW or 303 silver oxide backup battery. The silver oxide battery
provides auxiliary power to retain memory while you replace the AAA
batteries.
When the battery voltage level drops below a usable level, the TI-84 Plus:

Displays this message when Displays this message when you

you turn on the unit. attempt to download an application.

Message A Message B

After Message A is first displayed, you can expect the batteries to

function for about one or two weeks, depending on usage. (This one-
week to two-week period is based on tests with alkaline batteries; the
performance of other types of batteries may vary.)
If Message B is displayed, you must replace the batteries immediately to
successfully download an application.
Replace the silver oxide battery every three or four years.

Effects of Replacing the Batteries

Do not remove both types of batteries (AAA and silver oxide) at the
same time. Do not allow the batteries to lose power completely. If you
follow these guidelines and the steps for replacing batteries, you can
replace either type of battery without losing any information in memory.

Battery Precautions
Take these precautions when replacing batteries.
• Do not leave batteries within reach of children
• Do not mix new and used batteries. Do not mix brands (or types
within brands) of batteries.
• Do not mix rechargeable and nonrechargeable batteries.
• Install batteries according to polarity (+ and N) diagrams.

202 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information

• Do not place nonrechargeable batteries in a battery recharger.
• Properly dispose of used batteries immediately. Do not leave them
within the reach of children.
• Do not incinerate or dismantle batteries.

Replacing the Batteries

To replace the batteries, follow these steps.
1. Turn off the graphing calculator. Replace the slide cover over the
keyboard to avoid inadvertently turning on the graphing calculator.
Turn the back of the unit toward you.
2. Hold the graphing calculator upright, push downward on the latch
on the top of the battery cover, and then pull the cover toward you.
Note: To avoid loss of information stored in memory, you must turn
off the graphing calculator. Do not remove the AAA batteries and
the silver oxide battery simultaneously.
3. Replace all four AAA alkaline batteries simultaneously. Or, replace
the silver oxide battery.
• To replace the AAA alkaline batteries, remove all four
discharged AAA batteries and install new ones according to the
polarity (+ and N) diagram in the battery compartment.

• To replace the silver oxide battery, remove the screw from the
silver oxide battery cover, and then remove the cover. Install the
new battery, + side up. Replace the cover and secure it with the
screw. Use a SR44SW or 303 (or equivalent) silver oxide battery.
4. Replace the battery compartment cover. Turn the graphing
calculator on and adjust the display contrast, if necessary, by pressing
y } or †.

Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information 203

In Case of Difficulty
Handling a Difficulty
To handle a difficulty, follow these steps.
1. If you cannot see anything on the screen, you may need to adjust the
graphing calculator contrast.
To darken the screen, press and release y, and then press and hold
} until the display is sufficiently dark.
To lighten the screen, press and release y, and then press and hold
† until the display is sufficiently light.
2. If an error menu is displayed, follow these steps:
• Note the error type (ERR:error type).
• Select 2:GOTO, if it is available. The previous screen is displayed
with the cursor at or near the error location.
• Deteremine the error.
• Correct the expression.
Refer to the Error Conditions table for details about specific errors, if
necessary.
3. If the busy indicator (dotted line) is displayed, a graph or program
has been paused; the TI-84 Plus is waiting for input. Press Í to
continue or press É to break.
4. If a checkerboard cursor ( # ) is displayed, then either you have
entered the maximum number of characters in a prompt, or memory
is full. If memory is full:
• Press y L 2 to display the MEMORY MANAGEMENT /
DELETE menu.
• Select the type of data you want to delete, or select 1:All for a
list of all variables of all types. A screen is displayed listing each
variable of the type you selected and the number of bytes each
variable is using.
• Press } and † to move the selection cursor (4) next to the item
you want to delete, and then press {.
5. If the graphing calculator does not seem to work at all, be sure the
alkaline batteries are fresh and that they are installed properly.
6. If the TI-84 Plus does not function even though you are sure that the
batteries are fresh, you can try manually resetting it.
• Remove all of the AAA batteries from the graphing calculator.

204 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information

 • Press and hold the É key for ten seconds.
• Replace the batteries.
• Turn on the unit.
When you reset your graphing calculator, the contrast sometimes
changes. If the screen is faded or blank, adjust the contrast by
pressing y and releasing } or †.
7. If the above solutions do not work you can reset all of the memory.
The RAM, user data archive memory, and system variables are
restored to factory settings when you reset all memory. All
nonsystem variables, applications (Apps), and programs are deleted.
• Press y L to display the MEMORY menu.
• Select 7:Reset to display the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu.
• Press ~ ~ to display the ALL menu.
• Select 1:All Memory to display the RESET MEMORY menu.
• To continue with the reset, select 2:Reset. The message
Mem cleared is displayed on the home screen.

Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information 205

206 Appendix C: Service and Warranty Information
Index
Symbols Numerics
(- (degrees notation) 170 10^( (power of ten) 172
-( (negation) 172 1-PropZInt (one-proportion z
(– (subtraction) 174 confidence interval) 153
(! (factorial) 169 1-PropZTest (one-proportion z test)
(! Store 163 154
(!dim( (assign dimension) 137 1-Var Stats (one-variable statistics)
(# (not equal to) 171 166
($( (square root) 173 2-PropZInt (two-proportion z
(' (minutes notation) 174 confidence interval) 153
()Int( (sum of interest) 145 2-PropZTest (two-proportion z test)
()Prn( (sum of principal) 153 154
(* (multiplication) 173 2-SampFTest (two-sample F-Test)
(*row( 157 158
(*row+( 157 2-SampTInt (two-sample t
(+ (addition) 173 confidence interval) 158
(+ (concatenation) 174 2-SampTTest (two-sample t test) 159
(/ (division) 173 2-SampZInt (two-sample z
(/ (inverse) 172 confidence interval) 159
(< (less than) 171 2-SampZTest (two-sample z test) 158,
(= (equal-to relational test) 171 159
(> (greater than) 171 2-Var Stats (two-variable statistics)
(^ (power) 172 166
({ (less than or equal to) 171
(| (greater than or equal to) 171 A
(² (square) 172
a+bi (rectangular complex mode)
(³ (cube) 170
132
(³$( (cube root) 170
about 97
(4Dec (to decimal conversion) 136
abs( (absolute value) 131
(4DMS (to degrees/minutes/seconds)
accuracy information
138
computational and graphing 196
(4Frac (to fraction) 141
function limits and results 197
(4Nom( (to nominal interest rate) 150
adding complex numbers 35
(4Polar (to polar) 153
addition (+) 173
(4Rect (to rectangular) 156
alphabetic characters, entering 5
(j (subtraction key) 17
amortization
(k (negation key) 17
)Int( (sum of interest) 145
(q (Zoom key) 29
)Prn( (sum of principal) 153
(t (alphabetic key) 5
bal( (amortization balance) 133
(u (Clear key) 6
formula 182
(v (Store key) 38
and (Boolean operator) 131
(y (second modifier key) 5
angle measure modes 25
(y 5 key command 6
angle( 131

Index 207
ANOVA( (one-way variance analysis) CBR™ 122, 142
132, 177 check memory 97
Ans (last answer) 100, 132 checkTmr( (check timer) 134
applications chi-square cdf (c²cdf( ) 133
installing 53 chi-square pdf (c²pdf( ) 133
running 54 chi-square test (c²-Test) 133, 134
Apps 99 Circle( (draw circle) 134
AppVars 99 Clear Entries 97, 134
Archive 102, 132 clearing
archive full error 118, 188 all lists (ClrAllLists) 97, 134
garbage collection 114 drawing (ClrDraw) 134
memory error 114 entries (Clear Entries) 97, 134
archived variables 175 Home screen 6
Asm( 132 home screen (ClrHome) 134
AsmComp( 132 list (ClrList) 134
AsmPrgm( 132 table (ClrTable) 134
augment( 132 Y= Editor 31
Automatic Power Down™ 2 Clock 9
axes, displaying (AxesOn, AxesOff) Clock Off 11
132 Clock On 10
AxesOff 132 ClockOff, turn clock off 134
AxesOn 132 ClockOn, turn clock on 134
ClrAllLists (clear all lists) 97, 134
B ClrDraw (clear drawing) 134
ClrHome (clear home screen) 134
backing up calculator memory 125,
ClrList (clear list) 134
129
ClrTable (clear table) 134
bal( (amortization balance) 133
combinations (nCr) 149
batteries 202
compiling an assembly program 132
battery precautions 56
complex
binomcdf( 133
modes (a+bi, re^qi) 132, 156
binompdf( 133
modes (a+bi, re^θi) 25
block 114
numbers 156
building tables 30
numbers, adding 35
concatenation (+) 174
C conj( (conjugate) 135
χ²cdf( (chi-square cdf) 133 Connected (plotting mode) 135
χ²pdf( (chi-square pdf) 133 connecting two calculators 121, 122,
χ²-Test (chi-square test) 133, 134 126
calculating contact information 199
linear regressions 43 conversions
statistical variables 44 4Dec (to decimal) 136
cash flow 4DMS (to degrees/minutes/
formula 183 seconds) 138
irr( (internal rate of return) 146 4Frac (to fraction conversion) 141
npv( (net present value) 151 4Nom (to nominal interest rate
CATALOG, clearing 32 conversion) 150
CBL 2™ 122, 142 4Polar (to polar conversion) 153

208 Index
 4Rect (to rectangular conversion) DependAsk 136
156 DependAuto 136
decimals to fractions 33 det( (determinant) 137
Equ4String( (equation-to-string determinant (det( ) 137
conversion) 139 determining data in lists 40
List4matr( (list-to-matrix DiagnosticOff 137
conversion) 147 DiagnosticOn 137
Matr4list( (matrix-to-list dim( (dimension) 137
conversion) 148 dimensioning a list or matrix 137
P4Rx(, P4Ry( (polar-to- Disp (display) 137
rectangular conversion) 155 DispGraph (display graph) 137
R4Pr(, R4Pq( (rectangular-to-polar displaying graphing plots 42
conversion) 157 Displaying the Clock Settings 9
String4Equ( (string-to-equation DispTable (display table) 137
conversion) 163 distribution functions
convert time, timeCnv( ) 165 binomcdf( 133
CoordOff 135 binompdf( 133
CoordOn 135 χ²cdf( 133
cos( (cosine) 135 χ²pdf( 133
cos/( (arccosine) 135 Fcdf( 164
cosh( (hyperbolic cosine) 135 Fpdf( 165
cosh/( (hyperbolic arccosine) 135 geometcdf( 141
cosine (cos( ) 135 geometpdf( 142
creating new matrices 45 invNorm( 145
cube (³) 170 normalcdf( 150
cube root (³$( ) 170 normalpdf( 150
cubic regression (CubicReg) 135 poissoncdf( 153
CubicReg (cubic regression) 135 poissonpdf( 153
cumSum( (cumulative sum) 135 distribution shading instructions
cumulative sum (cumSum( ) 135 Shade_t( 162
customer support and service 199 Shadeχ²( 161
ShadeF( 161
D ShadeNorm( 161
division (/) 173
dayOfWk( (day of week) 136
division, example 18
days between dates (dbd( ) 136, 184
∆List( 147
dbd( (days between dates) 136, 184
DMS (degrees/minutes/seconds entry
decimal modes 25
notation) 174
decimals to fractions, changing 33
Dot (plotting mode) 138
decrement and skip (DS<( ) 138
DrawF (draw a function) 138
default settngs, mode menu 24
DrawInv (draw inverse) 138
defragmenting 114
DS<( (decrement and skip) 138
Degree angle mode 25, 136
DuplicateName menu 127
degrees notation (-) 170
delete variable contents (DelVar)
136 E
deleting expressions 15 E (exponent) 138
deleting items from memory 100 e^( (exponential) 138

Index 209
editing expressions 15 unit circle and trig curves 82
End 138 examples—Getting Started
Eng (engineering notation mode) adding complex numbers 35
138 building tables 30
entering calculating linear regressions 43
alphabetic characters 5 calculating statistical variables 44
data into lists 38 changing FORMAT menu 13
expressions 7 changing mode settings 24
lists to plot 40 decimals to fractions 33
Equ4String( (equation-to-string editing and deleting 15, 16
conversion) 139 entering data into lists 38
equal-to relational test (=) 171 equation solving 36
equation solver 36 error messages 51
error messages 51 finding factorials (!) 34
errors finding square roots 33
messages 188 graphing functions 23
examples—applications grouping lists 48
area between curves 83 least common multiples 33
areas of regular n-sided matrix equation solving 46
polygons 90 mode settings 26
box plots 69 rand function 32
box with lid 61 running applications 54
defining a 61 sending variables 119
defining a table of values setting graphing window 28
62 solving trigonometric functions
setting the viewing win- 34
dow 64 statistical list editor 38
tracing the graph 65 storing values 20, 21
zooming in on the graph 66 subtraction and negation 17
zooming in on the table 63 turning off grid points 13
cobweb attractors 79 ungrouping variables 50
fundamental theorem of using parentheses 18
calculus 87 exponential regression (ExpReg) 139
guess the coefficients 80 expr( (string-to-expression
inequalities 73 conversion) 139
mortgage payments 93 ExpReg (exponential regression) 139
parametric equations, ferris expression
wheel problem 84 converting from string (expr( )
piecewise functions 72 139
quadratic formula turning on and off (ExprOn 139
converting to a fraction 58 expressions
displaying complex results deleting 15
59 editing 15
entering a calculation 57 entering 7
Sierpinski triangle 77 ExprOff (expression off) 139
solving a system of nonlinear ExprOn (expression on) 139
equations 75

210 Index
F Get( (get data from CBL 2™ or
CBR™) 142
Faceplates 8
GetCalc( (get data from TI-84 Plus)
factorial (!) 34, 169
142
FCC statement iii
getDate, get current date 142
Fill( 139
getDtFmt, get date format 142
finding
getDtStr( (get date string) 143
factorials (!) 34
getKey 143
least common multiples 33
getTime, get current time 143
Fix (fixed-decimal mode) 139
getTmFmt, get time format 143
fixed-decimal mode (Fix) 139
getTmStr( (get time string) 143
Float (floating-decimal mode) 139
Goto 143
floating-decimal mode (Float) 139
graphing
fMax( (function maximum) 140
modes 25
fMin( (function minimum) 140
graphing functions 22
fnInt( (function integral) 140
graphing window, setting 27
FnOff (function off) 140
GraphStyle( 143
FnOn (function on) 140
graph-table split-screen mode (G-T)
For( 140
144
formulas
greater than (>) 171
amortization 182
greater than or equal to (|) 171
ANOVA 177
greatest common divisor (gcd( ) 141
cash flow 183
greatest integer (int( ) 145
days between dates 184
GridOff 144
interest rate conversions 183
GridOn 144
logistic regression 177
grouping 48, 110
sine regression 177
G-T (graph-table split-screen mode)
time value of money 181
144
two-sample F-Test 178
two-sample t test 179
fPart( (fractional part) 140 H
Full (full-screen mode) 141 Home screen 3
full-screen mode (Full) 141 Horiz (horizontal split-screen mode)
Func (function graphing mode) 141 144
function graphing Horizontal (draw line) 144
maximum of (fMax( ) 140
minimum of (fMin( ) 140 I
modes 141
identity( 144
selecting 140
If instructions
function integral (fnInt( ) 140
If 144
functions and instructions table 131
If-Then 144
If-Then-Else 144
G imag( (imaginary part) 144
garbage collecting 114 imaginary part (imag( ) 144
GarbageCollect 116, 141 increment and skip (IS>( ) 146
gcd( (greatest common divisor) 141 independent variable 144
geometcdf( 141 IndpntAsk 144
geometpdf( 142 IndpntAuto 145

Index 211
Input 145 to a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-
installation instructions 84 Plus 129
Macintosh® 53 transmitting items 119
Windows® 53 two TI-84 Plus units 125
installing applications 53 LinReg(a+bx) (linear regression) 147
Installing New Faceplates 8 LinReg(ax+b) (linear regression) 147
Installing new faceplates 8 LinRegTTest (linear regression t test)
inString( (in string) 145 147
int( (greatest integer) 145 List4matr( (lists-to-matrix
integer part (iPart( ) 146 conversion) 147
interest rate conversions lists
formula 183 deleting from memory 100
internal rate of return (irr( ) 146 ln( 147
inverse (/) 172 LnReg (logarithmic regression) 148
inverse cumulative normal log( 148
distribution (invNorm( ) 145 Logistic (regression) 148
invNorm( (inverse cumulative logistic regression formula 177
normal distribution) 145
iPart( (integer part) 146 M
irr( (internal rate of return) 146
marked for deletion 114
IS>( (increment and skip) 146
Matr4list( (matrix-to-list conversion)
isClockOn, is clock on 146
148
MATRIX Editor 45
K max( (maximum) 148
key commands, quick reference 55 maximum of a function (fMax( ) 140
mean( 149
L median( 149
Med-Med (median-median) 149
LabelOff 146
Mem Mgmt/Del menu 98
LabelOn 146
memory
labels
backing up 129
graph 146
checking available 97
program 146
clearing all list elements from
Lbl (label) 146
101
lcm( (least common multiple) 146
clearing entries from 101
least common multiple (lcm( ) 146
deleting items from 100
least common multiples, finding 33
error 116
length( of string 146
insufficient during transmission
less than (<) 171
130
less than or equal to ({) 171
resetting defaults 107
Line( (draw line) 146
resetting memory 107
linear regressions, calculating 43
MEMORY menu 97
LINK RECEIVE menu 127
Menu( (define menu) 149
LINK SEND menu 123
menus
linking
defining (Menu( ) 149
receiving items 127
TI-84 Plus 13
to a CBL 2™ or CBR™ 122
min( (minimum) 149
to a PC or Macintosh 122

212 Index
minimum of a function (fMin( ) 140 O
minutes notation (') 174
Omit 112, 127
mode menu 24
one-proportion z confidence interval
changing settings 24
(1-PropZInt) 153
default settngs 24
one-proportion z test (1-PropZTest)
mode settings
154
a+bi (complex rectangular) 132
one-sample t confidence interval
Connected (plotting) 135
(TInterval) 165
Degree (angle) 136
one-variable statistics (1-Var Stats)
Dot (plotting) 138
166
Eng (notation) 138
or (Boolean) operator 151
Fix (decimal) 139
Output( 151
Float (decimal) 139
Overwrite 112, 127
Full (screen) 141
Overwrite All 112
Func (graphing) 141
G-T (screen) 144
Horiz (screen) 144 P
importance 26 P4Rx(, P4Ry( (polar-to-rectangular
Normal (notation) 150 conversions) 155
Par/Param (graphing) 151 Par/Param (parametric graphing
Pol/Polar (graphing) 153 mode) 151
Radian (angle) 155 Pause 151
re^qi (complex polar) 156 performing simple calculations 33
Real 156 permutations (nPr) 151
Sci (notation) 159 plot types modes 25
Seq (graphing) 160 Plot1( 152
Sequential (graphing order) 160 Plot2( 152
Simul (graphing order) 162 Plot3( 152
multiplication (*) 173 PlotsOff 152
multiplication, example 18 PlotsOn 152
plotting
N data 40
lists 40
nCr (number of combinations) 149
Pmt_Bgn (payment beginning
nDeriv( (numerical derivative) 150
variable) 152
negation (-) 172
Pmt_End (payment end variable) 152
negation key (k) 17
poissoncdf( 153
normal distribution probability
poissonpdf( 153
(normalcdf( ) 150
Pol/Polar (polar graphing mode) 153
Normal notation mode 150
polar graphing
normalpdf( (probability density
mode (Pol/Polar) 153
function) 150
PolarGC (polar graphing
not equal to (#) 171
coordinates) 153
not( (Boolean operator) 150
power (^) 172
nPr (permutations) 151
power of ten (10^( ) 172
npv( (net present value) 151
precautions, battery 56
numeric notation modes 24
prgm (program name) 153

Index 213
probability density function all memory 108
(normalpdf( ) 150 archive memory 107
prod( (product) 153 defaults 52, 107
programming memory 107
name (prgm) 153 RAM memory 107
Prompt 153 Return 157
Pt-Change( 154 root (x$) 170
Pt-Off( 154 round( 157
Pt-On( 154 row+( 157
PwrReg (power regression) 154 rowSwap( 157
Pxl-Change( 154 rref( (reduced-row-echelon form)
Pxl-Off( 154 157
Pxl-On( 155 running applications 54
pxl-Test( 155
S
Q Sci (scientific notation mode) 159
QuadReg (quadratic regression) 155 screen display modes 25
QuartReg (quartic regression) 155 second functions 5
quick reference key commands 55 second modifier key (y) 5
Quit 112, 127 sector 114
Select( 160
R Send( (send to CBL 2™ or CBR™) 160
SendID 123
R (radian notation) 170
SendSW 123
R4Pr(, R4Pq( (rectangular-to-polar
Seq (sequence graphing mode) 160
conversions) 157
seq( (sequence) 160
Radian angle mode 25, 155
Sequential (graphing order mode)
radian notation (R) 170
160
RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu 106
sequential graphing mode 25
rand (random number) 155
service and support 199
randBin( (random binomial) 155
setDate( (set date) 160
randInt( (random integer) 156
setDtFmt( (set date format) 160
randM( (random matrix) 156
setTime( (set time) 160
randNorm( (random Normal) 156
setting graphing windows 27
re^qi (polar complex mode) 156
setTmFmt( (set time format) 160
Real mode 25, 156
SetUpEditor 161
real( (real part) 156
Shade( 161
RecallGDB 156
Shade_t( 162
RecallPic 156
Shadeχ²( 161
RectGC (rectangular graphing
ShadeF( 161
coordinates) 156
ShadeNorm( 161
ref( (row-echelon form) 157
Simul (simultaneous graphing order
RegEQ (regression equation
mode) 162
variable) 100
simultaneous graphing mode 25
Removing a Faceplate 8
sin( (sine) 162
Repeat 157
sin/( (arcsine) 162
RESET MEMORY menu 108
sine (sin( ) 162
resetting

214 Index
sinh( (hyperbolic sine) 162 tanh( (hyperbolic tangent) 164
sinh/( (hyperbolic arcsine) 162 tanh/( (hyperbolic arctangent) 164
SinReg (sinusoidal regression) 162 tcdf( (student-t distribution
solve( 162 probability) 164
solving Text(
equations 36 instruction 164
trigonometric functions 34 Then 144
SortA( (sort ascending) 162 TI Connect™ 122
SortD( (sort descending) 163 Time axes format 165
square (²) 172 time value of money (TVM)
square root ($( ) 173 formulas 181
startTmr, start timer 163 tvm_FV (future value) 166
statistical list editor 38 tvm_I% (interest rate) 166
statistical variables, calculating 44 tvm_N (# payment periods) 166
stdDev( (standard deviation) 163 tvm_Pmt (payment amount) 166
Stop 163 tvm_PV (present value) 166
Store (!) 163 timeCnv( ), convert time 165
Store key (v) 38 TInterval (one-sample t confidence
StoreGDB 163 interval) 165
StorePic 163 tpdf( (student-t distribution
storing values 20, 21 probability density function) 165
String4Equ( (string-to-equation TRACE
conversions) 163 Trace instruction in a program
strings 165
concatenation (+) 174 transmitting
length (length( ) 146 error conditions 130
student-t distribution from a TI-83 129
probability (tcdf( ) 164 from a TI-83 Plus Silver Edition or
student-t distribution TI-83 Plus 129
probability density function from a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or
(tpdf( ) 165 TI-84 Plus 129
sub( (substring) 164 stopping 125
subtraction (–) 174 to a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or
subtraction and negation, examples TI-84 Plus 125
17 transpose matrix (T) 170
subtraction key (j) 17 trigonometric functions, solving 34
sum( (summation) 164 T-Test (one-sample t test) 165
support and service 199 turn clock off, ClockOff 134
system variables 176 turn clock on, ClockOn 134
turning TI-84 Plus on and off 2
T tvm_FV (future value) 166
tvm_I% (interest rate) 166
T (transpose matrix) 170
tvm_N (# payment periods) 166
tables, building 30
tvm_Pmt (payment amount) 166
tan( (tangent) 164
tvm_PV (present value) 166
tan/( (arctangent) 164
two-proportion z confidence
tangent (tan( ) 164
interval (2-PropZInt) 153
Tangent( (draw line) 164

Index 215
two-proportion z test (2-PropZTest) X
154
x$ (root) 170
two-sample F-Test formula 178
xor (Boolean) exclusive or operator
two-sample t test formula 179
167
two-variable statistics (2-Var Stats)
166
Y
U Y= Editor, clearing 31
UnArchive 102, 166
ungrouping 110 Z
ungrouping variables 50 ZBox 29, 167
user variables 175 ZDecimal 29, 167
uv/uvAxes (axes format) 166 ZInteger 29, 167
uw/uwAxes (axes format) 166 ZInterval (one-sample z confidence
interval) 168
V Zoom In (zoom in) 29, 168
Zoom Out (zoom out) 29, 168
variables
ZoomFit (zoom to fit function) 29,
user and system 175
168
variance of a list (variance( ) 167
ZoomRcl (recall stored window) 168
variance( (variance of a list) 167
ZoomStat (statistics zoom) 29, 168
Vertical (draw line) 167
ZoomSto (store zoom window) 168
vw/uvAxes (axes format) 167
ZPrevious (use previous window) 168
ZSquare (set square pixels) 29, 169
W ZStandard (use standard window)
warranty 200 29, 169
Web (axes format) 167 Z-Test (one-sample z test) 169
While 167 ZTrig (trigonometric window) 29,
169

216 Index