‭ omprehensive Notes for CompTIA Security+ (SY0-701) Based on‬

C
‭Professor Messer's Video Course‬

‭Domains Covered:‬

‭ .‬ G
1 ‭ eneral Security Concepts‬‭(Общие концепции безопасности) - 12%‬
‭2.‬ ‭Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Mitigations‬‭(Угрозы, уязвимости и меры их‬
‭устранения) - 22%‬
‭3.‬ ‭Security Architecture‬‭(Архитектура безопасности) - 18%‬
‭4.‬ ‭Security Operations‬‭(Операционная безопасность) - 28%‬

‭5.‬ S
‭ ecurity Program Management and Oversight‬‭(Управление программой‬
‭безопасности и контроль) - 20%‬

‭1. General Security Concepts (Общие концепции безопасности)‬

‭1.1 The CIA Triad (Триада CIA)‬

‭●‬ C ‭ onfidentiality (Конфиденциальность):‬‭Ensuring that sensitive information‬

‭is only accessible to authorized users.‬
‭○‬ ‭Techniques:‬
‭■‬ ‭Encryption (Шифрование):‬‭Protecting data in transit and at rest‬
‭using algorithms like AES.‬
‭■‬ ‭Access Control (Управление доступом):‬‭Implementing‬
‭policies such as role-based access control (RBAC).‬
‭●‬ ‭Integrity (Целостность):‬‭Guaranteeing that data remains accurate and‬
‭unchanged.‬
‭○‬ ‭Techniques:‬
‭■‬ ‭Hashing (Хэширование):‬‭Using algorithms like SHA-256 to‬
‭verify data integrity.‬
‭■‬ ‭Digital Signatures (Цифровые подписи):‬‭Validating the‬
‭authenticity of digital messages or documents.‬
‭●‬ ‭Availability (Доступность):‬‭Ensuring that resources are available to‬
‭authorized users when needed.‬
‭○‬ ‭Techniques:‬
‭■‬ ‭Redundancy (Избыточность):‬‭Implementing RAID or failover‬
‭systems.‬
‭■‬ ‭Backups (Резервное копирование):‬‭Maintaining copies of‬
‭data for disaster recovery.‬
‭1.2 Security Controls (Меры безопасности)‬

‭●‬ T ‭ echnical Controls (Технические меры):‬‭Security mechanisms like firewalls,‬

‭IDS/IPS systems.‬
‭●‬ ‭Administrative Controls (Административные меры):‬‭Policies, procedures,‬
‭and training programs.‬
‭●‬ ‭Physical Controls (Физические меры):‬‭Locks, security guards, surveillance‬
‭cameras.‬

‭1.3 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)‬

‭●‬ A ‭ uthentication (Аутентификация):‬‭Verifying user identity (e.g., passwords,‬

‭biometrics).‬
‭●‬ ‭Authorization (Авторизация):‬‭Determining user permissions for resources.‬
‭●‬ ‭Accounting (Учет):‬‭Monitoring and logging user actions for auditing‬
‭purposes.‬

‭1.4 Security Frameworks and Policies‬

‭●‬ ‭Frameworks:‬
‭○‬ ‭NIST Cybersecurity Framework:‬‭Guides organizations in managing‬
‭cybersecurity risks.‬
‭○‬ ‭ISO/IEC 27001:‬‭International standard for information security‬
‭management systems (ISMS).‬
‭●‬ ‭Policies:‬
‭○‬ ‭Acceptable Use Policy (AUP):‬‭Defines acceptable activities on‬
‭corporate systems.‬
‭○‬ ‭Incident Response Policy:‬‭Outlines procedures for handling security‬
‭incidents.‬

‭ . Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Mitigations (Угрозы, уязвимости и‬

2
‭меры их устранения)‬

‭2.1 Threat Actors (Злоумышленники)‬

‭●‬ ‭Types:‬
‭○‬ ‭Nation-States (Государственные угрозы):‬‭State-sponsored groups‬
‭targeting national interests.‬
‭○‬ ‭Hacktivists (Хактивисты):‬‭Attackers motivated by political or social‬
‭agendas.‬
 ‭○‬ I‭ nsiders (Внутренние угрозы):‬‭Employees or contractors misusing‬
‭access for personal gain or sabotage.‬
‭○‬ ‭Script Kiddies (Скрипт-кидди):‬‭Inexperienced attackers using‬
‭pre-built tools.‬

‭2.2 Malware (Вредоносное ПО)‬

‭‬ V
● ‭ iruses (Вирусы):‬‭Attach to files and spread when executed.‬
‭●‬ ‭Worms (Черви):‬‭Spread automatically across networks.‬
‭●‬ ‭Ransomware (Вымогательское ПО):‬‭Encrypts data, demanding payment for‬
‭decryption keys.‬
‭●‬ ‭Spyware (Шпионское ПО):‬‭Collects sensitive information without user‬
‭knowledge.‬
‭●‬ ‭Trojans (Трояны):‬‭Disguise themselves as legitimate software.‬

‭2.3 Vulnerability Management (Управление уязвимостями)‬

‭●‬ ‭Key Steps:‬

‭1.‬ ‭Identify vulnerabilities through scanning and assessments.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Evaluate risk levels using CVSS scores.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Implement remediation steps such as patching or configuration‬
‭changes.‬

‭2.4 Mitigation Techniques (Методы смягчения)‬

‭●‬ U ‭ ser Training:‬‭Regularly educate employees on recognizing phishing‬

‭attempts.‬
‭●‬ ‭Network Segmentation:‬‭Divide networks into isolated zones to limit lateral‬
‭movement.‬
‭●‬ ‭Incident Response Planning:‬‭Prepare and test plans for managing security‬
‭incidents.‬

‭2.5 Threat Intelligence (Информация об угрозах)‬

‭●‬ O ‭ pen-Source Intelligence (OSINT):‬‭Using publicly available data for threat‬

‭analysis.‬
‭●‬ ‭Indicators of Compromise (IoC):‬‭Recognizing suspicious activities (e.g.,‬
‭unusual logins).‬
‭●‬ ‭Dark Web Monitoring:‬‭Observing threat actor communications and stolen‬
‭data listings.‬

‭3. Security Architecture (Архитектура безопасности)‬

‭3.1 Secure Network Design (Проектирование безопасной сети)‬

‭●‬ ‭Principles:‬
‭○‬ ‭Zero Trust (Модель нулевого доверия):‬‭Assume no implicit trust for‬
‭any user or device.‬
‭○‬ ‭Network Segmentation:‬‭Use VLANs and firewalls to isolate sensitive‬
‭systems.‬

‭3.2 Cloud Security (Безопасность облачных технологий)‬

‭●‬ S ‭ hared Responsibility Model:‬‭Security responsibilities are divided between‬

‭cloud providers and customers.‬
‭●‬ ‭Tools:‬
‭○‬ ‭CASB (Cloud Access Security Broker):‬‭Enforces security policies across‬
‭cloud platforms.‬
‭○‬ ‭Data Encryption:‬‭Use encryption for data in transit (TLS) and at rest‬
‭(AES).‬

‭3.3 Data Protection (Защита данных)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ LP (Data Loss Prevention):‬‭Monitors and prevents unauthorized data‬

‭exfiltration.‬
‭●‬ ‭Data Masking:‬‭Hides sensitive information in non-production environments.‬

‭3.4 Secure Application Design (Безопасное проектирование приложений)‬

‭ ‬ I‭ nput Validation:‬‭Prevent injection attacks by sanitizing user inputs.‬

●
‭●‬ ‭Secure Coding Practices:‬‭Use frameworks that mitigate common‬
‭vulnerabilities (e.g., OWASP Top 10).‬

‭3.5 Secure System Design (Проектирование защищённых систем)‬

‭●‬ R ‭ edundancy:‬‭Ensure high availability with failover clustering and load‬

‭balancing.‬
‭●‬ ‭Hardening:‬‭Disable unnecessary services and apply secure configurations.‬

‭4. Security Operations (Операционная безопасность)‬

‭4.1 Incident Response Process (Процесс реагирования на инциденты)‬

‭●‬ D
‭ efinition:‬‭A systematic approach to managing and addressing cybersecurity‬
‭incidents.‬
‭●‬ ‭Phases:‬
‭1.‬ ‭Preparation:‬‭Develop incident response plans, train staff, and establish‬
‭tools and communication channels.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Detection and Analysis:‬‭Identify and confirm security incidents‬
‭through monitoring and log analysis.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Containment:‬‭Isolate affected systems to limit the damage and prevent‬
‭the spread of threats.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Eradication:‬‭Remove malicious components, patch vulnerabilities, and‬
‭restore system integrity.‬
‭5.‬ ‭Recovery:‬‭Reintegrate systems into normal operations and verify their‬
‭security.‬
‭6.‬ ‭Post-Incident Activity:‬‭Conduct a detailed review to learn from the‬
‭incident and improve future response efforts.‬

‭4.2 Digital Forensics (Цифровая криминалистика)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭The process of preserving, analyzing, and documenting evidence‬

‭from digital systems.‬
‭●‬ ‭Steps:‬
‭○‬ ‭Identification:‬‭Determine what evidence is needed and where it‬
‭resides.‬
‭○‬ ‭Preservation:‬‭Create forensic copies of evidence (e.g., disk images) to‬
‭maintain integrity.‬
‭○‬ ‭Analysis:‬‭Use tools to identify malicious activities or breaches.‬
‭○‬ ‭Documentation:‬‭Record findings for legal or organizational reporting.‬
‭●‬ ‭Common Tools:‬
‭○‬ ‭EnCase: Comprehensive forensic investigation software.‬
‭○‬ ‭FTK (Forensic Toolkit): For analyzing hard drives, memory, and network‬
‭traffic.‬

‭4.3 Security Monitoring (Мониторинг безопасности)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭Continuous surveillance of systems and networks to detect and‬

‭respond to threats.‬
‭●‬ ‭Key Components:‬
‭○‬ ‭SIEM (Security Information and Event Management):‬‭Aggregates and‬
‭analyzes logs for anomaly detection.‬
‭○‬ ‭IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems):‬‭Identifies‬
‭suspicious activity and blocks potential threats.‬
‭○‬ ‭SOC (Security Operations Center):‬‭A team dedicated to monitoring,‬
‭analyzing, and responding to cybersecurity events.‬

‭4.4 Threat Hunting (Охота на угрозы)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭Proactively searching for threats that may not be detected by‬
‭automated systems.‬
‭●‬ ‭Key Techniques:‬
‭○‬ ‭Hypothesis-Based Hunting:‬‭Using insights from threat intelligence to‬
‭guide investigations.‬
‭○‬ ‭Behavioral Analysis:‬‭Identifying deviations in network or user activities.‬
‭○‬ ‭Anomaly Detection:‬‭Leveraging advanced tools to find irregular‬
‭patterns in data.‬
‭●‬ ‭Tools:‬
‭○‬ ‭Splunk, Wireshark for traffic analysis.‬
‭○‬ ‭CrowdStrike Falcon for endpoint threat detection.‬

‭4.5 Vulnerability Scanning (Сканирование уязвимостей)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭A proactive process to identify security weaknesses in systems,‬

‭networks, and applications.‬
‭●‬ ‭Types of Scans:‬
‭○‬ ‭Credentialed Scans:‬‭Access system internals for deeper assessment.‬
‭○‬ ‭Non-Credentialed Scans:‬‭Analyze systems externally without privileged‬
‭access.‬
‭●‬ ‭Tools:‬
‭○‬ ‭Nessus: Widely used vulnerability scanner.‬
‭○‬ ‭OpenVAS: Open-source scanning tool for identifying known‬
‭vulnerabilities.‬

‭4.6 Penetration Testing (Тестирование на проникновение)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭Simulating real-world cyberattacks to evaluate security controls‬

‭and identify vulnerabilities.‬
‭●‬ ‭Phases:‬
‭1.‬ ‭Reconnaissance:‬‭Gathering information about the target environment.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Scanning:‬‭Identifying open ports and weaknesses.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Exploitation:‬‭Attempting to exploit vulnerabilities.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Reporting:‬‭Documenting findings with recommendations for‬
‭remediation.‬

‭4.7 Backup and Recovery (Резервное копирование и‬

‭восстановление)‬

‭‬ D
● ‭ efinition:‬‭Ensuring critical data is preserved and can be restored after a loss.‬
‭●‬ ‭Backup Types:‬
‭1.‬ ‭Full Backups:‬‭Complete copies of all data.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Incremental Backups:‬‭Copies only data changed since the last backup.‬
 ‭ .‬ ‭Differential Backups:‬‭Copies all changes since the last full backup.‬
3
‭ ‬ ‭Testing:‬‭Regularly test recovery processes to ensure backup integrity and‬
●
‭reliability.‬

‭4.8 Disaster Recovery Planning (Планирование восстановления‬

‭после катастроф)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭A structured approach to restoring IT systems after major‬

‭disruptions.‬
‭●‬ ‭Key Components:‬
‭○‬ ‭Risk Assessment:‬‭Identify threats and prioritize recovery efforts.‬
‭○‬ ‭Recovery Sites:‬
‭■‬ ‭Cold Site:‬‭Basic infrastructure requiring full setup.‬
‭■‬ ‭Warm Site:‬‭Pre-configured but requires some preparation.‬
‭■‬ ‭Hot Site:‬‭Fully operational and ready for immediate use.‬
‭○‬ ‭Drills:‬‭Conduct regular disaster recovery simulations to test readiness.‬

‭4.9 Business Continuity Planning (Планирование непрерывности‬

‭бизнеса)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭Ensuring essential business functions continue during and after‬

‭incidents.‬
‭●‬ ‭Key Activities:‬
‭○‬ ‭Business Impact Analysis (BIA):‬‭Identifying critical systems and their‬
‭dependencies.‬
‭○‬ ‭Alternative Processes:‬‭Implementing temporary workflows to‬
‭maintain operations.‬
‭○‬ ‭Training and Communication:‬‭Educating staff on their roles and‬
‭maintaining clear communication with stakeholders.‬

‭5. Security Program Management and Oversight‬

‭(Управление программой безопасности и контроль)‬

‭5.1 Risk Management (Управление рисками)‬

‭‬ D
● ‭ efinition:‬‭The process of identifying, analyzing, and addressing security risks.‬
‭●‬ ‭Steps:‬
‭1.‬ ‭Risk Identification:‬‭Cataloging potential vulnerabilities and threats.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Risk Analysis:‬‭Determining the impact and likelihood of risks.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Risk Mitigation:‬‭Implementing measures to reduce or eliminate risks.‬
 ‭4.‬ R
‭ isk Acceptance/Transfer:‬‭Deciding to retain risks or transfer them via‬
‭insurance or contracts.‬

‭5.2 Compliance (Соответствие)‬

‭‬ D
● ‭ efinition:‬‭Adhering to regulatory, legal, and industry standards for security.‬
‭●‬ ‭Examples:‬
‭○‬ ‭GDPR:‬‭Ensures EU data protection and privacy.‬
‭○‬ ‭HIPAA:‬‭Protects U.S. healthcare information.‬
‭○‬ ‭PCI DSS:‬‭Enforces security for payment card transactions.‬
‭●‬ ‭Audits:‬‭Periodically review practices to ensure ongoing compliance.‬

‭5.3 Awareness Training (Обучение безопасности)‬

‭‬ D
● ‭ efinition:‬‭Educating employees to recognize and respond to threats.‬
‭●‬ ‭Core Topics:‬
‭○‬ ‭Identifying phishing attempts.‬
‭○‬ ‭Proper password management (e.g., strong passwords, MFA).‬
‭○‬ ‭Incident reporting procedures.‬
‭●‬ ‭Simulations:‬‭Conducting phishing campaigns to test readiness.‬

‭5.4 Security Auditing (Аудит безопасности)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭Reviewing and evaluating security practices to ensure‬

‭effectiveness.‬
‭●‬ ‭Types:‬
‭○‬ ‭Internal Audits:‬‭Performed by in-house teams.‬
‭○‬ ‭External Audits:‬‭Conducted by third parties.‬
‭●‬ ‭Process:‬‭Document findings and recommend improvements.‬

‭5.5 Supply Chain Security (Безопасность цепочки поставок)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭Protecting data and systems in interactions with third-party‬

‭vendors.‬
‭●‬ ‭Best Practices:‬
‭○‬ ‭Vetting vendors for security compliance.‬
‭○‬ ‭Establishing contracts with security clauses.‬
‭○‬ ‭Monitoring vendor access to critical systems.‬

‭5.6 Continuous Monitoring (Непрерывный мониторинг)‬

‭●‬ D ‭ efinition:‬‭Ongoing real-time evaluation of systems to detect threats and‬

‭vulnerabilities.‬
‭●‬ ‭Key Elements:‬
‭‬ S
○ ‭ IEM:‬‭Analyzing logs for anomalies and threats.‬
‭○‬ ‭EDR (Endpoint Detection and Response):‬‭Identifying endpoint-based‬
‭threats.‬
‭○‬ ‭Automation:‬‭Using tools to streamline detection and response.‬
‭○‬