Comprehensive Notes for CompTIA Security+ (SY0-701) Based on

Professor Messer's Video Course

Domains Covered:

1.​ General Security Concepts (Общие концепции безопасности) - 12%

2.​ Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Mitigations (Угрозы, уязвимости и меры их
устранения) - 22%
3.​ Security Architecture (Архитектура безопасности) - 18%
4.​ Security Operations (Операционная безопасность) - 28%

5.​ Security Program Management and Oversight (Управление программой

безопасности и контроль) - 20%

1. General Security Concepts (Общие концепции безопасности)

1.1 The CIA Triad (Триада CIA)

●​ Confidentiality (Конфиденциальность): Ensuring that sensitive information

is only accessible to authorized users.
○​ Techniques:
■​ Encryption (Шифрование): Protecting data in transit and at rest
using algorithms like AES.
■​ Access Control (Управление доступом): Implementing
policies such as role-based access control (RBAC).
●​ Integrity (Целостность): Guaranteeing that data remains accurate and
unchanged.
○​ Techniques:
■​ Hashing (Хэширование): Using algorithms like SHA-256 to
verify data integrity.
■​ Digital Signatures (Цифровые подписи): Validating the
authenticity of digital messages or documents.
●​ Availability (Доступность): Ensuring that resources are available to
authorized users when needed.
○​ Techniques:
■​ Redundancy (Избыточность): Implementing RAID or failover
systems.
■​ Backups (Резервное копирование): Maintaining copies of data
for disaster recovery.
1.2 Security Controls (Меры безопасности)

●​ Technical Controls (Технические меры): Security mechanisms like firewalls,

IDS/IPS systems.
●​ Administrative Controls (Административные меры): Policies, procedures,
and training programs.
●​ Physical Controls (Физические меры): Locks, security guards, surveillance
cameras.

1.3 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)

●​ Authentication (Аутентификация): Verifying user identity (e.g., passwords,

biometrics).
●​ Authorization (Авторизация): Determining user permissions for resources.
●​ Accounting (Учет): Monitoring and logging user actions for auditing
purposes.

1.4 Security Frameworks and Policies

●​ Frameworks:
○​ NIST Cybersecurity Framework: Guides organizations in managing
cybersecurity risks.
○​ ISO/IEC 27001: International standard for information security
management systems (ISMS).
●​ Policies:
○​ Acceptable Use Policy (AUP): Defines acceptable activities on
corporate systems.
○​ Incident Response Policy: Outlines procedures for handling security
incidents.

2. Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Mitigations (Угрозы, уязвимости и

меры их устранения)

2.1 Threat Actors (Злоумышленники)

●​ Types:
○​ Nation-States (Государственные угрозы): State-sponsored groups
targeting national interests.
○​ Hacktivists (Хактивисты): Attackers motivated by political or social
agendas.
 ○​ Insiders (Внутренние угрозы): Employees or contractors misusing
access for personal gain or sabotage.
○​ Script Kiddies (Скрипт-кидди): Inexperienced attackers using
pre-built tools.

2.2 Malware (Вредоносное ПО)

●​ Viruses (Вирусы): Attach to files and spread when executed.

●​ Worms (Черви): Spread automatically across networks.
●​ Ransomware (Вымогательское ПО): Encrypts data, demanding payment for
decryption keys.
●​ Spyware (Шпионское ПО): Collects sensitive information without user
knowledge.
●​ Trojans (Трояны): Disguise themselves as legitimate software.

2.3 Vulnerability Management (Управление уязвимостями)

●​ Key Steps:
1.​ Identify vulnerabilities through scanning and assessments.
2.​ Evaluate risk levels using CVSS scores.
3.​ Implement remediation steps such as patching or configuration
changes.

2.4 Mitigation Techniques (Методы смягчения)

●​ User Training: Regularly educate employees on recognizing phishing

attempts.
●​ Network Segmentation: Divide networks into isolated zones to limit lateral
movement.
●​ Incident Response Planning: Prepare and test plans for managing security
incidents.

2.5 Threat Intelligence (Информация об угрозах)

●​ Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT): Using publicly available data for threat

analysis.
●​ Indicators of Compromise (IoC): Recognizing suspicious activities (e.g.,
unusual logins).
●​ Dark Web Monitoring: Observing threat actor communications and stolen
data listings.

3. Security Architecture (Архитектура безопасности)

3.1 Secure Network Design (Проектирование безопасной сети)

●​ Principles:
○​ Zero Trust (Модель нулевого доверия): Assume no implicit trust for
any user or device.
○​ Network Segmentation: Use VLANs and firewalls to isolate sensitive
systems.

3.2 Cloud Security (Безопасность облачных технологий)

●​ Shared Responsibility Model: Security responsibilities are divided between

cloud providers and customers.
●​ Tools:
○​ CASB (Cloud Access Security Broker): Enforces security policies across
cloud platforms.
○​ Data Encryption: Use encryption for data in transit (TLS) and at rest
(AES).

3.3 Data Protection (Защита данных)

●​ DLP (Data Loss Prevention): Monitors and prevents unauthorized data

exfiltration.
●​ Data Masking: Hides sensitive information in non-production environments.

3.4 Secure Application Design (Безопасное проектирование приложений)

●​ Input Validation: Prevent injection attacks by sanitizing user inputs.

●​ Secure Coding Practices: Use frameworks that mitigate common
vulnerabilities (e.g., OWASP Top 10).

3.5 Secure System Design (Проектирование защищённых систем)

●​ Redundancy: Ensure high availability with failover clustering and load

balancing.
●​ Hardening: Disable unnecessary services and apply secure configurations.

4. Security Operations (Операционная безопасность)

4.1 Incident Response Process (Процесс реагирования на инциденты)

●​ Definition: A systematic approach to managing and addressing cybersecurity

incidents.
●​ Phases:
1.​ Preparation: Develop incident response plans, train staff, and establish
tools and communication channels.
2.​ Detection and Analysis: Identify and confirm security incidents
through monitoring and log analysis.
3.​ Containment: Isolate affected systems to limit the damage and prevent
the spread of threats.
4.​ Eradication: Remove malicious components, patch vulnerabilities, and
restore system integrity.
5.​ Recovery: Reintegrate systems into normal operations and verify their
security.
6.​ Post-Incident Activity: Conduct a detailed review to learn from the
incident and improve future response efforts.

4.2 Digital Forensics (Цифровая криминалистика)

●​ Definition: The process of preserving, analyzing, and documenting evidence

from digital systems.
●​ Steps:
○​ Identification: Determine what evidence is needed and where it
resides.
○​ Preservation: Create forensic copies of evidence (e.g., disk images) to
maintain integrity.
○​ Analysis: Use tools to identify malicious activities or breaches.
○​ Documentation: Record findings for legal or organizational reporting.
●​ Common Tools:
○​ EnCase: Comprehensive forensic investigation software.
○​ FTK (Forensic Toolkit): For analyzing hard drives, memory, and network
traffic.

4.3 Security Monitoring (Мониторинг безопасности)

●​ Definition: Continuous surveillance of systems and networks to detect and

respond to threats.
●​ Key Components:
○​ SIEM (Security Information and Event Management): Aggregates and
analyzes logs for anomaly detection.
○​ IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems): Identifies
suspicious activity and blocks potential threats.
○​ SOC (Security Operations Center): A team dedicated to monitoring,
analyzing, and responding to cybersecurity events.

4.4 Threat Hunting (Охота на угрозы)

●​ Definition: Proactively searching for threats that may not be detected by
automated systems.
●​ Key Techniques:
○​ Hypothesis-Based Hunting: Using insights from threat intelligence to
guide investigations.
○​ Behavioral Analysis: Identifying deviations in network or user activities.
○​ Anomaly Detection: Leveraging advanced tools to find irregular
patterns in data.
●​ Tools:
○​ Splunk, Wireshark for traffic analysis.
○​ CrowdStrike Falcon for endpoint threat detection.

4.5 Vulnerability Scanning (Сканирование уязвимостей)

●​ Definition: A proactive process to identify security weaknesses in systems,

networks, and applications.
●​ Types of Scans:
○​ Credentialed Scans: Access system internals for deeper assessment.
○​ Non-Credentialed Scans: Analyze systems externally without privileged
access.
●​ Tools:
○​ Nessus: Widely used vulnerability scanner.
○​ OpenVAS: Open-source scanning tool for identifying known
vulnerabilities.

4.6 Penetration Testing (Тестирование на проникновение)

●​ Definition: Simulating real-world cyberattacks to evaluate security controls

and identify vulnerabilities.
●​ Phases:
1.​ Reconnaissance: Gathering information about the target environment.
2.​ Scanning: Identifying open ports and weaknesses.
3.​ Exploitation: Attempting to exploit vulnerabilities.
4.​ Reporting: Documenting findings with recommendations for
remediation.

4.7 Backup and Recovery (Резервное копирование и

восстановление)

●​ Definition: Ensuring critical data is preserved and can be restored after a loss.
●​ Backup Types:
1.​ Full Backups: Complete copies of all data.
2.​ Incremental Backups: Copies only data changed since the last backup.
 3.​ Differential Backups: Copies all changes since the last full backup.
●​ Testing: Regularly test recovery processes to ensure backup integrity and
reliability.

4.8 Disaster Recovery Planning (Планирование восстановления

после катастроф)

●​ Definition: A structured approach to restoring IT systems after major

disruptions.
●​ Key Components:
○​ Risk Assessment: Identify threats and prioritize recovery efforts.
○​ Recovery Sites:
■​ Cold Site: Basic infrastructure requiring full setup.
■​ Warm Site: Pre-configured but requires some preparation.
■​ Hot Site: Fully operational and ready for immediate use.
○​ Drills: Conduct regular disaster recovery simulations to test readiness.

4.9 Business Continuity Planning (Планирование непрерывности

бизнеса)

●​ Definition: Ensuring essential business functions continue during and after

incidents.
●​ Key Activities:
○​ Business Impact Analysis (BIA): Identifying critical systems and their
dependencies.
○​ Alternative Processes: Implementing temporary workflows to maintain
operations.
○​ Training and Communication: Educating staff on their roles and
maintaining clear communication with stakeholders.

5. Security Program Management and Oversight

(Управление программой безопасности и контроль)

5.1 Risk Management (Управление рисками)

●​ Definition: The process of identifying, analyzing, and addressing security risks.

●​ Steps:
1.​ Risk Identification: Cataloging potential vulnerabilities and threats.
2.​ Risk Analysis: Determining the impact and likelihood of risks.
3.​ Risk Mitigation: Implementing measures to reduce or eliminate risks.
 4.​ Risk Acceptance/Transfer: Deciding to retain risks or transfer them via
insurance or contracts.

5.2 Compliance (Соответствие)

●​ Definition: Adhering to regulatory, legal, and industry standards for security.

●​ Examples:
○​ GDPR: Ensures EU data protection and privacy.
○​ HIPAA: Protects U.S. healthcare information.
○​ PCI DSS: Enforces security for payment card transactions.
●​ Audits: Periodically review practices to ensure ongoing compliance.

5.3 Awareness Training (Обучение безопасности)

●​ Definition: Educating employees to recognize and respond to threats.

●​ Core Topics:
○​ Identifying phishing attempts.
○​ Proper password management (e.g., strong passwords, MFA).
○​ Incident reporting procedures.
●​ Simulations: Conducting phishing campaigns to test readiness.

5.4 Security Auditing (Аудит безопасности)

●​ Definition: Reviewing and evaluating security practices to ensure

effectiveness.
●​ Types:
○​ Internal Audits: Performed by in-house teams.
○​ External Audits: Conducted by third parties.
●​ Process: Document findings and recommend improvements.

5.5 Supply Chain Security (Безопасность цепочки поставок)

●​ Definition: Protecting data and systems in interactions with third-party

vendors.
●​ Best Practices:
○​ Vetting vendors for security compliance.
○​ Establishing contracts with security clauses.
○​ Monitoring vendor access to critical systems.

5.6 Continuous Monitoring (Непрерывный мониторинг)

●​ Definition: Ongoing real-time evaluation of systems to detect threats and

vulnerabilities.
●​ Key Elements:
○​ SIEM: Analyzing logs for anomalies and threats.
○​ EDR (Endpoint Detection and Response): Identifying endpoint-based
threats.
○​ Automation: Using tools to streamline detection and response.
○​