Computer

Abbreviations

Computer

Copyright © 2014-2023 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved
 Download Testbook App

Computer Abbreviations

Starting with letter “A”

ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit

The part of the computer's central processing unit (CPU) that performs arithmetic and
logical operations, such as addition, subtraction, and comparison.

API: Application Programming Interface

A set of rules and protocols that allows software applications to communicate with each other.
APIs define the methods and data formats used for interaction between different software
components.

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange

A character encoding standard that represents text in computers and other devices. It assigns
unique numeric codes to characters, including letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and
control characters.

AMD: Advanced Micro Devices

A multinational semiconductor company that designs and manufactures computer

processors, graphics cards, and related technologies.

ACPI: Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

A standard for power management and configuration of computer systems. It allows

operating systems to control hardware resources, manage power consumption, and handle
system events.

ARP: Address Resolution Protocol

Definition: A protocol used to map an IP address to a physical (MAC) address on a local

network. ARP is essential for communication between devices on the same network
segment.

APIPA: Automatic Private IP Addressing

A feature in some operating systems that automatically assigns an IP address to a computer

when no DHCP server is available. APIPA allows devices to communicate on a local network

SUBJECT | Computer 1 of 29
 Download Testbook App

without manual configuration.

ATX: Advanced Technology eXtended

A form factor specification for computer motherboards, power supplies, and computer cases.
ATX defines the physical dimensions and layout of components in a computer system.

AJAX: Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

A set of web development techniques used to create interactive web applications. AJAX enables
data to be retrieved and updated asynchronously without the need to reload the entire web
page.

APM: Advanced Power Management

A power management standard that allows computers to control the power consumption of
various hardware components. APM enables features such as sleep mode, hibernation, and
power-saving settings

AI: Artificial Intelligence

The simulation of human intelligence in machines, enabling them to perform tasks that
typically require human intelligence, such as speech recognition, problem-solving, and
decision-making.

ACL: Access Control List

A list of permissions associated with a file, folder, or network resource. ACLs determine who
can access, modify, or execute a particular resource and define the level of access granted to
each user or group.

AAA: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting

AAA is a framework or set of protocols used in computer networks to manage and control
access to network resources and services.

ACB: Application Control Block

Application Control Block (ACB) is a data structure or control block used by an operating
system or runtime environment to manage and control the execution of an application or
process. It contains information about the application, such as its current state, priority,
memory allocation, and other relevant data.

SUBJECT | Computer 2 of 29
 Download Testbook App

ADF: Automatic Document Feeder

In the context of office equipment, ADF stands for Automatic Document Feeder. It refers to a
feature found in scanners, photocopiers, or multifunction printers that allows multiple pages
to be scanned or copied automatically without needing to manually place each page on the
scanner bed.

ALGOL: Algorithmic Language

ALGOL is a family of high-level programming languages that were developed in the late 1950s
and early 1960s. It was designed as a universal language for scientific and numerical
computing.

ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

It is a high-speed networking technology that transmits data in fixed-size packets called cells. It
provided a fast and efficient method for transmitting voice, video, and data traffic over a
network.

Starting with letter “B”

BIOS: Basic Input/Output System

A firmware that initializes hardware components during the computer's startup process and
provides a basic set of instructions for the operating system to communicate with hardware
devices.

BCD: Binary Coded Decimal

A numeric representation system that uses binary encoding for each decimal digit. BCD is
commonly used in digital displays and calculations that require precise decimal accuracy.

BPS: Bits Per Second

A unit of data transfer rate that measures the number of bits transmitted or received per
second. BPS is commonly used to describe the speed of data transmission in serial
communication.

BGP: Border Gateway Protocol

A routing protocol used to exchange routing information between internet service providers
(ISPs) and to determine the optimal path for forwarding data packets across the internet.

SUBJECT | Computer 3 of 29
 Download Testbook App

BYOD: Bring Your Own Device

A policy that allows employees to use their personal devices, such as smartphones, tablets,
and laptops, for work-related tasks and accessing company resources.

BLOB: Binary Large Object

Definition: A data type used to store large binary data, such as images, videos, or
documents, in a database management system (DBMS). BLOBs can store data of variable
length.

Starting with letter “C”

CPU: Central Processing Unit

The primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside the
computer. It executes instructions, performs calculations, and manages the flow of data.

CSS: Cascading Style Sheets

Definition: A style sheet language used for describing the presentation and formatting of a
document written in HTML or XML. CSS is widely used to control the layout, colors, fonts,
and other visual aspects of web pages.

CDN: Content Delivery Network

A geographically distributed network of servers that delivers web content and other media to
users based on their geographical location. CDNs help improve the performance, availability,
and reliability of websites and applications.

CAD: Computer-Aided Design

The use of computer software to create, modify, and optimize designs for various purposes,
such as architecture, engineering, manufacturing, and graphic design.

CRM: Customer Relationship Management

A strategy, software, or system used to manage interactions and relationships with customers.
CRM systems help organizations streamline sales, marketing, customer support, and other
customer-centric activities.

CAPTCHA: Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans
Apart

SUBJECT | Computer 4 of 29
 Download Testbook App

A security measure designed to determine whether a user is human or a computer program.

CAPTCHAs often involve visual or audio challenges that are easy for humans to solve but
difficult for automated bots.

CSV: Comma-Separated Values

A file format that stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text format, with each value
separated by a comma. CSV files are commonly used for data exchange between different
applications and databases.

CTR: Click-Through Rate

A metric used in online advertising to measure the percentage of users who click on a specific
link or advertisement, compared to the total number of users who viewed the advertisement.

CMS: Content Management System

Definition: A software application or platform used to create, manage, and publish digital
content, such as websites, blogs, and online stores. CMSs provide tools for content creation,
editing, organization, and collaboration.

CDROM: Compact Disc Read-Only Memory

It is a type of optical storage medium used in computers. A CD-ROM is a disc that contains data
that can be read by a computer's CD-ROM drive. The data on a CD-ROM is permanently written
during manufacturing and cannot be erased or modified.

CLI: Command Line Interface

Definition: It is a method of interacting with a computer program or operating system by

entering commands as text-based instructions in a command-line environment.

COBOL: Common Business-Oriented Language

It is a high-level programming language that was specifically designed for business

applications. COBOL was developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and it quickly became
one of the most widely used programming languages for commercial data processing.

Starting with letter “D”

DPI: Dots Per Inch

SUBJECT | Computer 5 of 29
 Download Testbook App

A measurement unit that determines the resolution of images, printers, and displays. DPI
refers to the number of dots or pixels per inch and affects the level of detail and clarity.

DVD: Digital Versatile Disc

An optical disc storage medium used for storing and playing high-definition video, audio, and
data. DVDs have a larger storage capacity than CDs and are commonly used for movies,
software, and backups.

DNS: Domain Name System

A system that translates domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses, allowing
computers to locate and communicate with each other on the internet.

DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

A network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration
settings to devices on a network. DHCP simplifies the process of network setup and
management

DOS: Disk Operating System

Definition: An early operating system that provided a command-line interface and managed
disk operations on IBM-compatible computers. DOS was widely used before the popularity
of graphical user interfaces.

DSL: Digital Subscriber Line

A type of high-speed internet connection that uses existing telephone lines to transmit digital
data. DSL provides faster data transfer rates than traditional dial-up connections.

DBMS: Database Management System

Software that allows users to create, organize, and manage databases. DBMSs provide tools
for storing, retrieving, modifying, and analyzing data efficiently and securely.

DDR: Double Data Rate

A type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) that can transfer data on
both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal. DDR memory provides higher data
transfer rates compared to its predecessor.

DDoS: Distributed Denial of Service

SUBJECT | Computer 6 of 29
 Download Testbook App

It refers to a type of cyberattack in which multiple compromised computers or devices, known

as a botnet, are used to flood a target system or network with a massive amount of traffic or
requests.

DLT: Distributed Ledger Technology

It refers to a type of digital database that is shared and synchronized across multiple nodes or
computers within a network. DLT allows for decentralized and transparent record-keeping,
where each participant in the network maintains a copy of the ledger. Blockchain is a well-
known example of DLT.

DTP: Desktop Publishing

It refers to the process of creating and designing publications, such as brochures, flyers,
magazines, and books, using specialized software on a personal computer. DTP software
allows users to combine text, images, and graphics in a visually appealing and professional
manner for print or digital distribution.

Starting with letter “E”

EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

Definition: A type of non-volatile memory that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
EEPROM is commonly used for storing small amounts of data and firmware in computer
systems.

EULA: End-User License Agreement

A legal contract between the software manufacturer or provider and the end-user. The EULA
outlines the terms and conditions under which the software can be used and specifies the
rights and limitations of the end-user.

ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning

A system of integrated software applications used by organizations to manage various aspects

of their business operations, including finance, human resources, inventory, and customer
relationship management.

EXE: Executable File

A file format that contains a program or application that can be run or executed by a
computer. EXE files are commonly used in Windows operating systems to launch software

SUBJECT | Computer 7 of 29
 Download Testbook App

programs.

EMI: Electromagnetic Interference

The disruption of electronic devices or systems caused by electromagnetic radiation or

electromagnetic induction. EMI can result in signal degradation, data corruption, or the
malfunctioning of electronic equipment.

EDI: Electronic Data Interchange

Definition: It is a standard format and process used for exchanging structured business
documents electronically between different computer systems and organizations.

EFT: Electronic Funds Transfer

Definition: It refers to the electronic exchange of money or funds between different

individuals, organizations, or financial institutions. EFT allows for the secure and efficient
transfer of funds, eliminating the need for physical checks or cash transactions.

ERNET: Education and Research Network

Definition: ERNET is a computer network specifically designed to cater to the needs of the
education and research communities. It provides high-speed connectivity and advanced
network infrastructure to facilitate communication, collaboration, and the exchange of
information among academic and research institutions.

Starting with letter “F”

FAT: File Allocation Table

A file system structure used by operating systems to organize and manage files on storage
devices such as hard drives and flash drives. FAT is commonly used in older versions of
Windows.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol

A standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server on a
computer network. FTP allows users to upload, download, and manipulate files over the
internet.

FLOPS: Floating Point Operations Per Second

SUBJECT | Computer 8 of 29
 Download Testbook App

A measure of a computer's performance in executing floating-point calculations. FLOPS

represents the number of floating-point operations a computer can perform in one second
and is often used to gauge the performance of scientific and computational applications.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

A list of common questions and answers related to a specific topic or product. FAQs are often
provided by websites or software applications to help users find information and solutions to
common problems.

FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array

Definition: An integrated circuit that can be programmed or configured after

manufacturing. FPGAs consist of an array of programmable logic blocks and interconnects,
allowing users to create custom digital circuits and hardware accelerators.

FPS: Frames Per Second

A measure of the number of frames or images displayed per second in a video or animation.
FPS determines the smoothness and fluidity of motion in visual content.

Starting with letter “G”

GUI: Graphical User Interface

Definition: A visual interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices or
software through graphical elements such as icons, buttons, windows, and menus. GUIs
provide a more user-friendly and intuitive way of interacting with computers.

GPS: Global Positioning System

Definition: A satellite-based navigation system that enables precise location and time
information to be obtained anywhere on Earth. GPS is widely used in various applications,
including navigation, mapping, and geolocation services.

GIF: Graphics Interchange Format

A file format commonly used for storing and displaying animated images or short video clips.
GIF files use lossless compression, making them suitable for web graphics and simple
animations.

GHz: Gigahertz

SUBJECT | Computer 9 of 29
 Download Testbook App

A unit of frequency that represents one billion cycles per second. GHz is used to measure the
clock speed of computer processors, indicating their processing power and speed.

GAL: Global Address List

Definition: In the context of email systems, particularly Microsoft Exchange, the Global
Address List is a directory that contains a list of email addresses and contact information
for individuals and groups within an organization.

GIS: Geographic Information System

Definition: It is a computer-based system used to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, and

present spatial or geographic data. A GIS integrates various types of data, including maps,
satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and tabular data, to create a comprehensive view of a
geographic area or location.

Starting with letter “H”

HTML: Hypertext Markup Language

The standard markup language used for creating and structuring web pages. HTML is the
foundation of the World Wide Web and provides the structure for displaying content such as
text, images, links, and multimedia.

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

A protocol used for transmitting hypertext documents over the internet. HTTP defines how
web browsers and servers communicate and is the foundation of data communication on the
World Wide Web.

HTTPS: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

An extension of HTTP that adds a layer of security using encryption. HTTPS ensures secure
communication between a web browser and a server, protecting sensitive information such as
login credentials and financial transactions.

HDD: Hard Disk Drive

A data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information.
HDDs are commonly used in computers and provide long-term storage for operating systems,
software, and user data.

HDMI: High-Definition Multimedia Interface

SUBJECT | Computer 10 of 29
 Download Testbook App

Definition: A digital interface used for transmitting high-quality audio and video signals
between devices. HDMI is widely used in home entertainment systems, computer monitors,
and multimedia devices.

Starting with letter “I”

IP: Internet Protocol

A protocol that defines how data is sent and received over the internet. IP provides the
addressing scheme used to identify devices on a network and enables the routing of data
packets between them.

ISP: Internet Service Provider

Definition: A company or organization that provides internet access to individuals,

businesses, and other entities. ISPs offer various types of internet connections, such as dial-
up, broadband, and wireless.

IDE: Integrated Development Environment

A software application that combines a code editor, compiler or interpreter, and debugging
tools to facilitate software development. IDEs provide a comprehensive environment for
writing, testing, and debugging code.

IP Address: Internet Protocol Address

A unique numeric identifier assigned to each device connected to a computer network. IP

addresses are used for identifying and communicating with devices on the internet.

IoT: Internet of Things

Definition: A network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other

objects embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity. IoT allows these
devices to collect and exchange data, enabling automation and intelligent decision-making.

IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol

Definition: A protocol used by email clients to retrieve emails from a mail server. Unlike POP
(Post Office Protocol), IMAP allows users to manage their emails on the server and access
them from multiple devices.

IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

SUBJECT | Computer 11 of 29
 Download Testbook App

Definition: It is an organization that manages and coordinates various unique identifiers

used in computer networks and the internet. IANA is responsible for the assignment and
maintenance of key resources, such as IP addresses, domain names, protocol parameters,
and port numbers.

IBM: International Business Machines

Definition: It is a multinational technology company that has been at the forefront of

computer hardware, software, and services since its establishment in 1911. IBM is one of the
largest and most influential technology companies in the world.

IGF: Internet Governance Forum

Definition: It is a global multi-stakeholder platform that facilitates discussions and dialogue

on internet governance-related issues.

IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity

It is a unique identification number assigned to mobile devices, such as smartphones and

tablets. The IMEI is a 15-digit number that serves as a unique identifier for each individual
device.

IPO: Input-Process-Output

Definition: It is a fundamental concept in computer science and information processing. It

refers to the sequence of events in a computing system where input data is received,
processed or manipulated, and then output is generated.

IRC: Internet Relay Chat

Definition: It is a protocol and network that allows real-time text-based communication and
chat over the internet. IRC provides a platform for individuals to connect to servers and join
chat rooms (also known as channels) to engage in conversations with other participants.

ISO: International Organization for Standardization

Definition: It is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from

various national standards organizations. ISO develops and publishes standards for various
industries and sectors, including computers and information technology.

Starting with letter “J”

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group

SUBJECT | Computer 12 of 29
 Download Testbook App

A commonly used image compression format that allows for efficient storage and
transmission of digital images. JPEG is widely used for photographs and graphics on the
internet and in digital photography.

JVM: Java Virtual Machine

A virtual machine that enables the execution of Java bytecode. JVM translates Java code into
machine-specific instructions, making Java programs platform-independent and portable.

JSON: JavaScript Object Notation

A lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for
machines to parse and generate. JSON is commonly used for transmitting data between a
server and a web application.

JSP: Java Server Pages

It is a technology used in web development to create dynamic web pages that combine HTML,
XML, or other document types with Java code. JSP allows developers to embed Java code within
HTML pages, which can be processed on the server before being sent to the client's web
browser.

Starting with letter “K”

KB: Kilobyte

A unit of digital information storage equal to 1,024 bytes. It is commonly used to measure the
size of files, documents, and computer memory.

Kbps: Kilobits per second

Definition: A unit of data transfer rate that represents the number of kilobits (thousands of
bits) transmitted or received per second. It is used to measure the speed of data
transmission in computer networks and internet connections.

KDE: K Desktop Environment

A popular desktop environment for Unix-like operating systems, providing a graphical user
interface (GUI) and a set of applications. KDE offers a customizable and user-friendly
environment for users.

Starting with letter “L”

SUBJECT | Computer 13 of 29
 Download Testbook App

LAN: Local Area Network

A computer network that spans a small geographical area, such as a home, office building, or
campus. LANs enable devices to share resources and communicate with each other.

LCD: Liquid Crystal Display

A flat-panel display technology commonly used in computer monitors, televisions, and mobile
devices. LCDs use liquid crystals to create images and are known for their slim profile and
energy efficiency.

LED: Light-Emitting Diode

A semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. LEDs are
used in various applications, including display panels, lighting, and indicators.

Starting with letter “M”

MAC: Media Access Control

A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communication on a network.

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network

Definition: A network that covers a larger geographical area than a LAN but smaller than a
WAN, typically spanning a city.

Mbps: Megabits Per Second

A unit of data transfer rate, indicating the speed at which data is transmitted in a network.

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface

A protocol for communicating musical information between computers, synthesizers, and

other electronic musical instruments.

MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

A standard that extends the format of email messages to support non-text attachments.

MP3: MPEG Audio Layer-3

A widely used audio coding format that compresses audio files while maintaining sound
quality.

SUBJECT | Computer 14 of 29
 Download Testbook App

MPEG: Moving Picture Experts Group

A set of standards for compressing and transmitting audio and video data.

MHz: Megahertz

A unit of frequency equal to one million cycles per second, often used to measure the speed of
a computer's processor.

Modem: Modulator-Demodulator

A device that enables computers to transmit data over telephone lines or cable systems.

MOSFET: Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor

A type of transistor commonly used in electronic devices.

MDI: Multiple Document Interface

It is a user interface design concept used in software applications where multiple documents
or windows can be open within a single parent window. Each document or window is
contained within the main application window, allowing users to work with multiple files or
views simultaneously.

MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

Definition: It is a technology used primarily in the banking industry for the processing and
recognition of printed characters on checks and other financial documents.

MSD: Microsoft Diagnostics

Definition: It refer to, a utility tool provided by Microsoft for diagnosing and
troubleshooting issues with Microsoft software and operating systems. It collects
information about system configuration, hardware, and software components to help
identify and resolve problems.

Starting with letter “N”

NIC: Network Interface Card

A hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network.

NOS: Network Operating System

SUBJECT | Computer 15 of 29
 Download Testbook App

Definition: Software that manages and controls network resources and services.

NAS: Network-Attached Storage

A dedicated file storage device that provides centralized data storage and access to multiple
clients over a network.

NTFS: New Technology File System

A file system used by Windows operating systems to organize and manage files on a hard
drive.

NVR: Network Video Recorder

A device that records and stores video footage from network cameras.

NFS: Network File System

A distributed file system protocol that allows a computer to access files over a network as if
they were on its local storage.

NAT: Network Address Translation

A technique that allows multiple devices to share a single IP address by translating internal IP
addresses to an external address.

NICAM: Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex

A standard for stereo television sound transmission that compresses audio signals for
broadcasting.

NAND: NOT AND

A logical gate that produces a true output only when both of its inputs are false.

NVRAM: Non-Volatile Random Access Memory

A type of computer memory that retains data even when the power is turned off.

Starting with letter “O”

OCR: Optical Character Recognition

SUBJECT | Computer 16 of 29
 Download Testbook App

The technology that enables computers to recognize and interpret text from images or
scanned documents.

OLED: Organic Light-Emitting Diode

A display technology that uses organic compounds to emit light and create images.

OS: Operating System

Definition: Software that manages computer hardware and provides a platform for other
software to run on.

OTP: One-Time Password

A temporary password that is valid for only one login session or transaction.

OOP: Object-Oriented Programming

Definition: A programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects that
represent real-world entities.

OPC: Open Platform Communications

Definition: It is used in the field of industrial automation and refers to a series of standards
and specifications for interoperability and communication between different automation
devices and systems. OPC enables data exchange, control, and monitoring in industrial
environments.

Starting with letter “P”

PC: Personal Computer

Definition: A general-purpose computer designed for individual use. Example: Desktop

computers, laptops, and notebooks are types of PCs.

PDF: Portable Document Format

Definition: A file format used for documents that preserves their formatting across different
platforms. Example: Many e-books and official documents are distributed in PDF format.

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

Definition: A popular scripting language used for web development.

SUBJECT | Computer 17 of 29
 Download Testbook App

PSU: Power Supply Unit

Definition: A device that provides electrical power to a computer or other electronic devices.

PNG: Portable Network Graphics

Definition: A file format used for lossless image compression and displaying transparent
backgrounds.

PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect

A standard for connecting peripheral devices to a computer's motherboard.

PCMCIA: Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

Definition: PCMCIA is a standards organization that developed and established

specifications for credit card-sized expansion cards used in early laptop computers. These
cards are commonly referred to as PCMCIA cards or PC cards.

PDC: Primary Domain Controller

Definition: In the context of computer networking, a PDC is a server that centrally manages
user accounts, security policies, and authentication for a Windows domain. It is responsible
for maintaining a centralized database of user accounts, validating user logins, and
coordinating domain-wide security functions.

PING: Packet Internet Groper

Definition: In the context of computers and networking, PING is a utility used to test the
reachability and responsiveness of a host or network device over an IP (Internet Protocol)
network.

Starting with letter “Q”

QR Code: Quick Response Code

Definition: A two-dimensional barcode that can store various types of data, such as URLs,
text, or contact information.

QoS: Quality of Service

Definition: A set of measures used to ensure the performance and reliability of network
services.

SUBJECT | Computer 18 of 29
 Download Testbook App

Starting with letter “R”

RAM: Random Access Memory

Definition: A type of computer memory that allows data to be accessed randomly,

regardless of the memory's physical location. It is volatile memory, meaning its contents
are lost when the computer is powered off or restarted.

ROM: Read-Only Memory

Definition: A type of computer memory that stores permanent data that cannot be modified
or erased. It contains firmware or software instructions that are essential for booting up the
computer.

RAID: Redundant Array of Independent Disks

Definition: A technology that combines multiple physical disk drives into a single logical
unit for improved performance, fault tolerance, or both. It provides data redundancy and
can offer increased storage capacity or faster data access.

RGB: Red Green Blue

Definition: A color model that represents colors by combining varying intensities of red,
green, and blue light. It is widely used in computer graphics and digital displays to create a
wide range of colors.

RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer

Definition: A type of computer architecture that emphasizes simplicity and efficiency by

using a smaller set of simple instructions. RISC processors execute instructions in fewer
clock cycles, which can result in faster overall performance.

RFID: Radio Frequency Identification

Definition: A technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify and track objects.
RFID tags contain electronically stored information that can be read by RFID readers,
enabling efficient inventory management, access control, and more.

RJ45: Registered Jack 45

Definition: A standard connector used for Ethernet networking cables. It has eight pins and
is commonly used for wired internet connections, such as those found in local area networks
(LANs).

SUBJECT | Computer 19 of 29
 Download Testbook App

RJ11: Registered Jack 11

Definition: A standard connector used for telephone cables. It typically has six pins and is
commonly used for connecting landline telephones to telephone lines.

RSS: Really Simple Syndication

Definition: A web feed format used to publish frequently updated content, such as news
articles or blog posts. RSS allows users to subscribe to their favorite websites and receive
automatic updates without having to visit each site individually.

RPM: Revolutions Per Minute

Definition: A unit of measurement used to describe the rotational speed of a computer's

hard disk drive (HDD) or a cooling fan. It indicates how many complete revolutions the disk
or fan can make in a minute.

RTC: Real-Time Clock

Definition: A battery-powered clock that keeps track of the current time even when a
computer is powered off. It enables functions like scheduling, timestamping, and time
synchronization in computer systems.

RAT: Remote Access Trojan

Definition: A Remote Access Trojan is a type of malicious software that allows unauthorized
individuals to remotely control a computer system.

Starting with letter “S”

SQL: Structured Query Language

Definition: A programming language used for managing and manipulating relational

databases. SQL allows users to query, insert, update, and delete data from a database.

SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Definition: A protocol used for sending email messages between servers. SMTP is
responsible for the transfer and delivery of email over the internet.

SSL: Secure Sockets Layer

SUBJECT | Computer 20 of 29
 Download Testbook App

Definition: A cryptographic protocol that provides secure communication over a computer

network. SSL encrypts data transmitted between a web server and a web browser, ensuring
confidentiality and integrity.

SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

Definition: A computer interface used for connecting storage devices, such as hard disk
drives and solid-state drives, to a motherboard. SATA provides high-speed data transfer and
is widely used in modern computers.

SSD: Solid-State Drive

Definition: A storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data
persistently. SSDs are faster, more reliable, and more energy-efficient than traditional hard
disk drives.

SMB: Server Message Block

Definition: A network protocol used for file sharing, printer sharing, and communication
between computers in a network. SMB enables users to access shared files and resources on
a local network.

SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol

Definition: A protocol used for managing and monitoring network devices, such as routers,
switches, and servers. SNMP allows administrators to collect information and manage
network devices from a central management system.

SDK: Software Development Kit

Definition: A collection of tools, libraries, and documentation that enables developers to

create software applications for a specific platform or framework. SDKs often include
compilers, debuggers, and other development utilities.

SCSI: Small Computer System Interface

Definition: A set of standards for connecting and transferring data between computers and
peripheral devices, such as hard drives, scanners, and printers. SCSI supports fast data
transfer rates and allows multiple devices to be connected in a chain.

SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language

SUBJECT | Computer 21 of 29
 Download Testbook App

Definition: SGML is a markup language that was developed in the 1980s as a standard for
defining and describing the structure and content of documents. It provides a framework
for creating markup languages and defines a set of rules for creating document types and
specifying their structure.

Starting with letter “T”

TCP: Transmission Control Protocol

Definition: TCP is a network protocol that provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked
delivery of data over IP networks. It is one of the main protocols in the Internet protocol
suite.

TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

Definition: TCP/IP is a suite of communication protocols that allows interconnected

networks to transmit data across the internet. It provides the foundation for internet
communication.

TB: Terabyte

Definition: A terabyte is a unit of digital information storage that represents one trillion
bytes. It is commonly used to measure the capacity of large storage devices and computer
systems.

TFT: Thin Film Transistor

Definition: TFT is a technology used in flat-panel displays, such as LCD monitors and
televisions. It provides improved image quality and faster response times compared to
older display technologies.

TLD: Top-Level Domain

Definition: A top-level domain is the highest level in the hierarchical domain name system of
the internet. It is the part of a domain name that appears after the last dot, such as .com,
.org, or .net.

TLS: Transport Layer Security

Definition: TLS is a cryptographic protocol that provides secure communication over a

computer network. It ensures privacy and data integrity between applications by encrypting
the data transmitted.

SUBJECT | Computer 22 of 29
 Download Testbook App

TPM: Trusted Platform Module

Definition: TPM is a microchip that provides hardware-based security capabilities to

computers. It is used to store encryption keys, passwords, and digital certificates,
protecting them from software-based attacks.

TTY: Teletypewriter

Definition: TTY is a device used for text communication over a telecommunication line. It
converts typed characters into electrical signals that can be transmitted and received by
other TTY devices.

TSO: Time Sharing Option

Definition: TSO is an interactive computing environment that allows multiple users to

access a mainframe computer concurrently.

Starting with letter “U”

USB: Universal Serial Bus

Definition: USB is a widely used standard for connecting peripheral devices, such as
keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices, to a computer. It allows for easy plug-and-
play functionality and data transfer.

UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply

Definition: UPS is a device that provides battery backup power to computers and other
electronic devices in case of power outages or fluctuations. It helps prevent data loss and
equipment damage due to sudden power loss.

URL: Uniform Resource Locator

Definition: A URL is a specific web address that indicates the location of a resource on the
internet. It consists of a protocol (such as HTTP or HTTPS), a domain name, and optional path
and parameters

UNIX: Uniplexed Information and Computing System

Definition: UNIX is a powerful and versatile operating system that was developed in the
1970s. It provides a multi-user, multitasking environment and is widely used in servers,
workstations, and supercomputers.

SUBJECT | Computer 23 of 29
 Download Testbook App

UI: User Interface

Definition: UI refers to the visual elements and controls through which users interact with
software or hardware devices. It includes graphical user interfaces (GUIs), command-line
interfaces (CLIs), and other input/output mechanisms.

UDP: User Datagram Protocol

Definition: UDP is a network protocol that allows the transmission of datagrams over IP
networks. Unlike TCP, it does not provide error checking or guaranteed delivery of packets,
making it suitable for real-time applications.

URL: Uniform Resource Locator

Definition: A URL is a specific web address that indicates the location of a resource on the
internet. It consists of a protocol (such as HTTP or HTTPS), a domain name, and optional path
and parameters.

UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair

Definition: UTP is a type of cable commonly used for Ethernet networks. It consists of
twisted pairs of copper wires, which help reduce electromagnetic interference. UTP cables
are widely used in home and office networking.

UEFI: Unified Extensible Firmware Interface

Definition: UEFI is a modern firmware interface that replaces the traditional BIOS in many
computers. It provides advanced features, such as support for larger storage devices, secure
boot, and faster startup times.

UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer

Definition: It was one of the earliest commercial computers and is considered to be the first
successful general-purpose electronic digital computer.

Starting with letter “V”

VPN: Virtual Private Network

Definition: A VPN is a secure network connection that allows users to access and transmit
data over a public network, such as the internet, as if they were directly connected to a
private network. It provides encryption and anonymity for online activities.

SUBJECT | Computer 24 of 29
 Download Testbook App

VGA: Video Graphics Array

Definition: VGA is a display standard that was widely used in older computer systems. It
defines the resolution, color depth, and refresh rate of the display, and uses an analog signal
to transmit video.

VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol

Definition: VoIP is a technology that enables voice communication over the internet rather
than traditional telephone lines. It converts voice signals into digital data packets and
transmits them over IP networks.

VRAM: Video Random Access Memory

Definition: VRAM is a type of memory used in graphics cards to store image and video data
that is being rendered on a display. It provides faster access to data compared to system
memory, resulting in better graphics performance.

VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network

Definition: A VLAN is a logical network that allows network devices to be grouped together,
even if they are physically located on different network segments. It helps enhance security,
manageability, and efficiency in large networks.

VDI: Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

Definition: VDI is a technology that allows users to access virtual desktop environments
hosted on remote servers. It centralizes desktop management, improves scalability, and
enables remote access from various devices.

VNC: Virtual Network Computing

Definition: VNC is a remote desktop sharing protocol that allows a user to view and control
a computer from a remote location. It provides a graphical interface to access and interact
with the remote system.

VIRUS: Vital Information Resources Under Siege

Definition: The term "virus" is now commonly used on its own to refer to malicious software
that infects computer systems. It's important to note that the term "virus" is often used
more broadly to encompass various types of malicious software, including worms, Trojans,
ransomware, and other forms of malware.

SUBJECT | Computer 25 of 29
 Download Testbook App

VRML: Virtual Reality Modeling Language

Definition: It is a file format and specification used for representing 3D interactive

environments and virtual reality experiences on the internet.

VVPAT: Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail

Definition: It is a system used in electronic voting machines (EVMs) to provide a physical

paper trail for each vote cast.

Starting with letter “W”

WAN: Wide Area Network

A WAN is a network that spans a large geographical area, connecting multiple local area
networks (LANs) and other devices. It enables long-distance communication and is often used
for interconnecting branch offices or remote locations.

Wi-Fi: Wireless Fidelity

Definition: Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to a

local area network (LAN) wirelessly. It uses radio waves to transmit data between devices,
providing internet access and network connectivity.

WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network

Definition: A WLAN is a type of local area network that uses wireless communication to
connect devices within a limited area, such as a home, office, or campus. It enables wireless
access to a network and the internet.

WPA: Wi-Fi Protected Access

Definition: WPA is a security protocol used to secure wireless computer networks. It

provides authentication and encryption mechanisms to protect data transmitted over Wi-Fi
networks, replacing the less secure WEP protocol.

WYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Get

Definition: WYSIWYG refers to a type of user interface that allows content creators to view a
document or design exactly as it will appear when printed or displayed. It provides a visual
representation of the final output during the editing process.

WORM: Write Once Read Many

SUBJECT | Computer 26 of 29
 Download Testbook App

Definition: WORM refers to a type of optical storage media that allows data to be written
only once and read multiple times. It is commonly used for archival storage and data
retention purposes.

WWW: World Wide Web

Definition: The World Wide Web (WWW) is an information system that allows users to access
and navigate web pages and resources using the internet. It consists of interconnected
documents and other media accessible through URLs.

Starting with letter “X”

XML: eXtensible Markup Language

Definition: XML is a markup language used for structuring and organizing data in a human-
readable format. It is widely used for data storage, exchange, and representation on the
internet.

XHTML: eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language

Definition: XHTML is a markup language that combines the syntax of HTML with the
extensibility of XML. It provides stricter rules for document structure and is designed to be
compatible with both HTML and XML parsers.

XSS: Cross-Site Scripting

Definition: XSS is a type of security vulnerability that occurs when a web application allows
malicious scripts to be injected into web pages viewed by other users. It can be used to steal
sensitive information or perform unauthorized actions.

XaaS: Anything as a Service

Definition: XaaS is a collective term that encompasses various cloud computing services
delivered over the internet. It includes Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service
(PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), among others.

Starting with letter “Y”

YAML: YAML Ain't Markup Language

Definition: YAML is a human-readable data serialization format commonly used for

configuration files and data exchange between languages that are incompatible with each
other.

SUBJECT | Computer 27 of 29
 Download Testbook App

YUV: Y'CbCr or YUV

Definition: YUV is a color encoding system used in video and digital imaging. It represents
colors as three components: Y (luma or brightness), U (chrominance blue), and V
(chrominance red).

Y2K: Year 2000

Definition: Y2K refers to the Year 2000 problem, also known as the Millennium Bug. It was a
computer bug that caused concerns about the rollover from December 31, 1999, to January
1, 2000, due to the use of two-digit representations of years in computer systems.

Starting with letter “Z”

ZIP: Zone Information Protocol

Definition: ZIP is a protocol used for compressing and archiving files. It reduces the file size,
making it easier to store and transfer files. ZIP files can be extracted using various software
programs.

ZFS: Zettabyte File System

ZFS is a combined file system and logical volume manager designed to ensure data integrity
and storage efficiency. It provides advanced features such as data deduplication, compression,
and snapshots.

ZPL: Zebra Programming Language

Definition: ZPL is a printer control language developed by Zebra Technologies. It is used to

create labels and barcodes for printing on Zebra printers. ZPL commands control the
formatting, text, graphics, and other elements of the printed output.

ZCS: Zero Code Suppression

Definition: ZCS is a technique used in data communication to prevent the transmission of

characters with a value of zero (null) in order to avoid confusion with control characters or
termination signals.

ZIF: Zoomed Image Format

SUBJECT | Computer 28 of 29
 Download Testbook App

ZIF is an image format used for storing high-resolution images that can be zoomed in
without losing quality. It achieves this by storing multiple levels of detail in the image file,
allowing users to zoom in and out smoothly.

ZAP: Zero Administration Package

Definition: ZAP is a software package that allows applications to be installed and run
without requiring any user intervention. It automates the installation process and
eliminates the need for manual configuration.

SUBJECT | Computer 29 of 29