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Supervised Learning

Supervised learning in machine learning

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26 views19 pages

Supervised Learning

Supervised learning in machine learning

Uploaded by

paathuu.04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SUPERVISED $UN

SUPERVISED LEARING
Supervised learning is the types of machine learning in which machines
are trained using well "labelled" training data, and on basis of that data,
machines predict the output. The labelled data means some input data
is already tagged with the correct output.

Supervised learning is a process of providing input data as well as


correct output data to the machine learning model. The aim of a
supervised learning algorithm is to find a mapping function to map
the input variable(x) with the output variable(y).
In the real-world, supervised learning can be used for Risk
Assessment, Image classification, Fraud Detection, spam
filtering, etc.
• In supervised learning, models are trained using labelled dataset, where the model learns
about each type of data. Once the training process is completed, the model is tested on
the basis of test data (a subset of the training set), and then it predicts the output.
• The working of Supervised learning can be easily understood by the below example and
diagram:
• . In supervised learning, models are trained using labelled dataset, where the model learns
about each type of data. Once the training process is completed, the model is tested on
the basis of test data (a subset of the training set), and then it predicts the output
Suppose we have a dataset of different types of shapes which includes square, rectangle,
triangle, and Polygon. Now the first step is that we need to train the model for each shape.
•If the given shape has four sides, and all the sides are equal, then it will be labelled as
a Square.
•If the given shape has three sides, then it will be labelled as a triangle.
•If the given shape has six equal sides then it will be labelled as hexagon.
Now, after training, we test our model using the test set, and the task of the model is to
identify the shape.
The machine is already trained on all types of shapes, and when it finds a new shape, it
classifies the shape on the bases of a number of sides, and predicts the output.
Steps Involved in Supervised Learning:

•First Determine the type of training dataset


•Collect/Gather the labelled training data.
•Split the training dataset into training dataset, test dataset, and
validation dataset.
•Determine the input features of the training dataset, which should have
enough knowledge so that the model can accurately predict the output.
•Determine the suitable algorithm for the model, such as support vector
machine, decision tree, etc.
•Execute the algorithm on the training dataset. Sometimes we need
validation sets as the control parameters, which are the subset of
training datasets.
•Evaluate the accuracy of the model by providing the test set. If the
model predicts the correct output, which means our model is accurate.
1. Regression

Regression algorithms are used if there is a relationship between the input


variable and the output variable. It is used for the prediction of continuous
variables, such as Weather forecasting, Market Trends, etc. Below are some
popular Regression algorithms which come under supervised learning:

•Linear Regression
•Regression Trees
•Non-Linear Regression
•Bayesian Linear Regression
•Polynomial Regression
2. Classification
Classification algorithms are used when the output variable is categorical, which means there
are two classes such as Yes-No, Male-Female, True-false, etc.Spam Filtering,
•Random Forest
•Decision Trees
•Logistic Regression
•Support vector Machines
Advantages of Supervised learning:
•With the help of supervised learning, the model can predict the output
on the basis of prior experiences.
•In supervised learning, we can have an exact idea about the classes of
objects.
•Supervised learning model helps us to solve various real-world problems
such as fraud detection, spam filtering, etc.
Disadvantages of supervised learning:
•Supervised learning models are not suitable for handling the complex
tasks.
•Supervised learning cannot predict the correct output if the test data is
different from the training dataset.
•Training required lots of computation times.
•In supervised learning, we need enough knowledge about the classes of
object.
Unsupervised Machine
Learning
As the name suggests, unsupervised learning is a machine learning technique in which models are not
supervised using training dataset. Instead, models itself find the hidden patterns and insights from the given data.
It can be compared to learning which takes place in the human brain while learning new things. It can be
defined as:
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning in which models are trained using unlabeled dataset and are
allowed to act on that data without any supervision.
Unsupervised learning cannot be directly applied to a regression or classification problem because

unlike supervised learning, we have the input data but no corresponding output data. The goal of

unsupervised learning is to find the underlying structure of dataset, group that data

according to similarities, and represent that dataset in a compressed format.


Example: Sppose the unsupervised learning algorithm is given an input dataset containing images of different types of
cats and dogs. The algorithm is never trained upon the given dataset, which means it does not have any idea about
the features of the dataset. The task of the unsupervised learning algorithm is to identify the image features on their
own. Unsupervised learning algorithm will perform this task by clustering the image dataset into the groups according
to similarities between images.
•Clustering: Clustering is a method of grouping the objects into clusters such that
objects with most similarities remains into a group and has less or no similarities with
the objects of another group. Cluster analysis finds the commonalities between the data
objects and categorizes them as per the presence and absence of those commonalities.

•Association: An association rule is an unsupervised learning method which is used for


finding the relationships between variables in the large database. It determines the set
of items that occurs together in the dataset. Association rule makes marketing strategy
more effective. Such as people who buy X item (suppose a bread) are also tend to
purchase Y (Butter/Jam) item. A typical example of Association rule is Market Basket
Analysis.
Unsupervised Learning algorithms:
Below is the list of some popular unsupervised learning algorithms:
•K-means clustering

•KNN (k-nearest neighbors)

•Hierarchal clustering

•Anomaly detection

•Neural Networks

•Principle Component Analysis

•Independent Component Analysis

•Apriori algorithm

•Singular value decomposition


Advantages of Unsupervised Learning
•Unsupervised learning is used for more complex tasks as compared to supervised learning
because, in unsupervised learning, we don't have labeled input data.
•Unsupervised learning is preferable as it is easy to get unlabeled data in comparison to
labeled data.
Disadvantages of Unsupervised Learning
•Unsupervised learning is intrinsically more difficult than supervised learning as it does not
have corresponding output.
•The result of the unsupervised learning algorithm might be less accurate as input data is
not labeled, and algorithms do not know the exact output in advance.

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