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Unit Measurements

Introduction to measurements

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36 views3 pages

Unit Measurements

Introduction to measurements

Uploaded by

trustkabamba82
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE COPPERBELT UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES


DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

PH 110 INTRODUCTORY PHYSICS


TUTORIAL SHEET 1 2023: Units and Measurements

1. A carpet is to be installed in a room whose length is measured to be 13.71 m


and whose width is measured to be 4.46 m. Find the area of the room.

2. A worker is to paint the walls of a square room 8.00 ft high and 12 ft along
each side. What surface area in square meters must she cover?

3. An object in the shape of rectangular parallelepiped measures 2.0 in x 3.5 in x


6.5 in. Determine the volume of the object in m 3.

4. One gallon of paint (volume = 3.78 x 10-3 m3) covers an area of 25.0 m3. What
is the thickness of the paint on the wall?

5. A rectangular plate has a length of (21.3 ± 0.2) cm and a width of (9.8 ± 0.1)
cm. Calculate the area of the plate including its uncertainty.

6. How many significant figures are in the following numbers? (a) 78.9 ± 0.2 (b)
3.788 x 109 (c) 2.26 x 10-6 (d) 0.0053

7. The radius of a solid sphere is measured to be (6.50±0.20) cm, and its mass is
measured to be (1.85 ± 0.02) kg. Determine the density of the sphere in kg/m 3
and the uncertainty in the density.
4
8. Compute the value of  x if
i 1
i xi  (2i  1) .

9. The square of the speed of an object undergoing a uniform acceleration a is


some function of a and the displacement s, according to the expression given
by:
v 2  ka m s n
where k is a dimensionless constant. Show by dimensional analysis that this
expression is satisfied only if m  n  1 .

10. The period T of a simple pendulum is measured in time units and is


given by:

l
T  2
g

1
where l is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity
in units of length divided by the square of time. Show that this equation is
dimensionally consistent.

11. Express the following in terms of prefixes


(a) 0.00085 l (b) 5.44 x 10-11 g (c) 73,000,000 m (d) 9.450 s

12. Express the following


a) 100L/hour to cubic meters per second
b) 1 atmosphere to pascal
c) 100 Dyne to Newtons

13. Estimate how many people if they stood on top of each other would reach the
moon.

14. If the unit of force is 100 N, unit of length is 10 m and unit of time is 100
s. What is the unit of mass in this system of units?

15. A furlong is 220 yards, a mile is 1760 yards or 1609 meters, and a
fortnight is 14 days. In 1991, the Zambian athlete, Samuel Matete won
an Olympic gold medal, in Zurich, Switzerland, when he represented
Zambia in the 400 m hurdles. His average speed was 8.5 meters per
second. Express his speed in

(a) kilometer per minute


(b) mile per hour
(c) furlong per fortnight

16. A unit of area, often used in measuring land areas, is the hectare, defined
as 104 m2. A new open-pit copper mine in North-Western Province plans to
excavate 75 hectares of land, down to a depth of 26 m, each year. What
volume of earth, in cubic kilometers, would be removed during this time?

17. A given formula is derived for the velocity of an object v that varies with time
expressed as v  at 2  bt  c where velocity v and time t are expressed in terms
of SI units; determine the units of constants a, b and c in the given equation.

18. The centripetal force acting on a particle depends on the mass of the
particle, its velocity and radius of the circle. Derive dimensionally the
formula for force

19. In a particle accelerator operating at power P , a charged sphere of radius r


and density  has its speed increased from u to 2u over a distance of x . A
first year CBU student derives the formula:

2
2 r 3u 2
x
9P
i) Show that this formula is dimensionally not correct.
ii) Given that there is only one error is this formula for x , obtain the correct
formula.

20. The speed of sound  might plausibly depend on the pressure p , the density
 , and the volume V of the gas. Use dimensional analysis to determine the
exponents x, y and z in the formula:
v  Cp x  yV z
where C is a dimensionless constant. Hence write down the relationship
between the said quantities based on the derived exponents.

21. A Copperbelt University railways engineering student, uses dimensional


analysis to find the distance over which a signal can be seen clearly in
foggy conditions. The student assumes that the distance depends on the
frequency of the signal, the density of the fog, and intensity of light
(power/area) from the signal. Show that

where k, is a dimensionless constant of proportionality

 a
22. In the gas equation  p  2 v  b   RT , where p is the pressure, v is the
 v 
volume R is the universal gas constant and T the temperature, what are the
dimensions of a and b?

23. The viscosity  of a gas depends on the mass m, the effective diameter d and
the mean speed of the molecules v. Use dimensional analysis to find an
expression for  .

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