SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 1

SECTION 1: ALGEBRA 1
General Objectives: The student will:

1. apply set theory in solving problems

2. recognize the difference between a relation and a function
3. use the principles related to polynomial functions
4. apply the concept of binary operations to any given situation
5. resolve rational function into partial fractions,
6. find domain, range, zero of a rational function and state when it is undefined.
7 use the binomial theorem in approximations.
8. apply solutions of simultaneous linear inequalities to linear programming.

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

UNIT 1.1 1.1.1 establish set identities Algebra of sets Revise two-set problems with students use De Morgan‟s laws to solve
and apply them. related problems
Sets De Morgan‟s laws Assist students to establish set identities:
(A B C) A B C ;
(A B C) A B C ;
A (B C) ( A B) (A C) ;

A (B C) ( A B) (A C)
1.1.2 find solutions to three- Three-set problems Assist students to solve real life problems involving use algebra of sets to solve real
set problems. three-sets and the use of Venn diagrams life problems involving three sets

Unit 1.2 1.2.1 carry out the four Surds of the form Assist students to add, subtract and multiply surds find the sum and products of
operations on surds. a b n , where n is surds and simplify them
Surds
not a perfect square,

Unit 1.2 1.2.2 rationalize surds with Rationalizing surds Assist students to write the conjugate form of a given rationalize surds with binomial
(cont’d) binomial denominators. with binomial surd denominators
denominators
Surds
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 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Guide students to rationalize surds, e.g. E.g. Simplify

a b n a b n c d m 2 3
c d m c d m c d m 3 2 2
Unit 1.3 1.3.1 determine the Properties of binary Revise the idea of binary operations
commutative, operations
Binary Assist students to investigate the commutative and
associative and
Operations associative properties of binary operations
distributive properties of use the properties of binary
binary operations. Assist students to determine whether or not for any operations to solve related
two given binary operations, one distributes over the problems
other

1.3.2 determine the property Closure Assist students to determine whether or not a given determine whether or not the
of closure. set is closed under a given binary operation E.g. result of a binary operation is a
member of the given set.
x y xy where x, y R

1.3.3 find the identity element Identity and inverse Assist students to find the identity element (e) of a find the identity element of a
and use it to find the elements binary operation satisfying a e e a a given binary operation and
inverse of a given determine the inverse of any
element. Guide students to find the inverse of an element, a , element in the given set
for a given binary operation satisfying
1
a*a a 1 *a e
1
where a is the inverse of a

2
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 1.4 1.4.1 represent functions Graphical Revise the idea of relations, functions and types of use mapping diagrams to
graphically. representation of a functions establish various types of
Relations and
function relations
Functions Assist students to represent functions graphically
Introduce the use of graphic calculators and
computers to investigate nature of graphs of determine whether or not a given
functions function is one-to-one
Guide students to determine whether a given
function is one-to-one
Unit 1.4 1.4.2 determine the domain Domain and range of Assist students to state the domain of a function as find the domain and range of a
(cont’d) and range of a function. a function the set of values of x that makes the function defined given function
Relations and Guide students to state the range of a function as the
Functions set of values of y (dependent variable) that can
result from the substitutions for the independent
variable, x
1.4.3 determine the inverse Inverse of a function Assist students to find the inverse of a function and find the inverse of a given
of a one-to-one f :x 3x 4 function
state the domain e.g. if then the
function.
inverse relation is
1 1 4
f :x 3 x 3 , x R
Assist students to find the composite of two functions
1.4.4 determine the Composite functions
composite of two given
defined as find fog; gof ; f 1og 1

functions. fog( x) f [ g ( x)]; gof ( x) g[ f ( x)]

Use real life situations to introduce composite of given real life functions and
interpret the results
functions. E.g., Suppose h(x) husband of x and
m(x) mother of x . Then, hom (x ) the
husband of the mother of x which is a step father or
father of x , and moh(x) mother of the husband of
x , which is the mother-in-law of x .
Include composites of inverses of functions

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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 1.5 1.5.1 recognise linear and Linear and quadratic Assist students to associate a linear function with the find the maximum and minimum
quadratic functions. functions straight line graph. values/points of given quadratic
Polynomial
functions
functions Assist students to associate quadratic function with
the parabola.
Encourage the use of graphic calculators and
computers to investigate the shapes of graphs as
coefficients of the variables and the constants
change.
Guide students to express the quadratic function
Unit 1.5
(cont’d) f ( x) ax 2 bx c in the form
Polynomial f ( x) a( x d ) 2 k , where k is the maximum or
functions the minimum value
1.5.2 sketch the curve of a Sketching curves of Assist students to sketch curves of quadratic sketch given quadratic curves
quadratic function. quadratic functions functions and indicate their shapes and identify the axes of
symmetry, turning points, etc
Guide students to identify the vertex, the axis of
symmetry, maximum and minimum points, increasing
and decreasing parts of a parabola
1.5.3 solve quadratic Solving quadratic Assist students to solve quadratic equations using solve quadratic equations using
equations by method of equations the method of completing the squares
(i) method of completing the
completing the squares
Completing the Assist students to deduce the general formula of a squares
and by formula.
square quadratic equation
(ii) quadratic formula
that is,

Quadratic formula b b2 4ac

x
2a
and use it to solve quadratic equations
1.5.4 use the discriminant to Roots of quadratic Assist students to use the discriminant state the nature of roots of given
describe the nature of equations 2 quadratic equations. E.g.
roots of quadratic
d b 4ac
to describe the nature of the roots of quadratic Find the values of k that make
equations.
equations as the equation
x2 (k 1) x k 0
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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

(i) equal, if b
2
4ac 0 has equal roots.
2
(ii) real and unequal, if b 4ac 0
2
(iii) imaginary, if b 4ac 0 use sum and product of roots in
Assist students to find the relation between the roots setting up quadratic equations
and and coefficients a, b, c of E.g. If and are the roots of
ax 2 bx c 0, a 0: 2x 2
5x 3 0 , find ∝+β and
Unit 1.5
(cont’d) b c ∝β.
, and
Polynomial a a
functions Assist students to use these relations to write other
quadratic equations with given roots

1.5.5 define a polynomial Definition of Assist students to define a polynomial function as state the degree of a given
function. polynomial functions f ( x) a n x n a n 1 x n 1  a0 , a 0 e.g. polynomial function

f ( x) 3x 4 2x3 4x 2 x 3
1.5.6 recognise and draw the Cubic functions Assist students to draw graphs of cubic functions for draw graphs of cubic functions
graph of a cubic a given interval. for given intervals
function.
NB: The use of graphic calculator or computer for
investigating cubic functions should be encouraged
1.5.7 perform the basic Algebra of
algebraic operations on polynomials
Assist students to add and subtract two polynomials add ,subtract, multiply and divide
polynomials.
Addition and given polynomial functions
subtraction
Assist students to find the product of two polynomials
Multiplication
Guide students to carry out division of one
Division
polynomial by another of lesser degree and state the
remainder eg. ( x 1) x 4 3x 3 x2 1

The use of synthetic division is allowed.

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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

1.5.8 use the remainder and Remainder and factor Assist students to use the remainder theorem to find find the remainder/factor of a
factor theorems to find theorems the remainder R when the polynomial f (x) is polynomial of degree not greater
the factors and than four when divided by a
divided by ( x a) as f ( a) R
remainders of a polynomial of lower degree
polynomial of degree Guide students to discover that if ( x a) is a factor
not greater than 4.
of a polynomial f (x) then f ( a) 0

Unit 1.5 1.5.9 find the factors and The factors and roots Assist students to use the factor theorem to find the solve for the zeros (roots) of
(cont’d) zeros of a polynomial of a polynomial factors of a given polynomial function and roots of given polynomial functions
function. functions/ equations f (x) 0 (equations)
Polynomial
functions up to n 3

Unit 1.6 1.6.1 recognise a rational Rational functions of Assist students to recognize a rational function state the domain and zeros of
function and determine the form rational functions
Rational Assist students to obtain the domain, zeros and the
the domain and range. f ( x)
functions Q( x) , g ( x) 0 range of rational functions
g ( x)
1.6.2 carry out the four basic Operations on Assist students to add, subtract, multiply and divide perform operations involving
operations on rational rational functions simple rational functions rational functions
functions.

1.6.3 resolve rational functions Partial fractions Assist students to write rational functions as partial express given rational functions
into partial fractions. fractions of various forms. as partial functions. E.g. Find the
partial fraction decomposition of
11x 2
2x 2 x 1
Unit 1.7 1.7.1 write down the Binomial Binomial Theorem Assist students to write down the Binomial expansion write the expansion for given
expansion for positive using the Pascal‟s Triangle binomial expressions
Binomial
integral index.
Theorem Assist student to discover and write the expansion
using the binomial theorem for positive integral index.
Lead students to apply the theorem to expand
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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

binomial with rational index.

1.7.2 use the combination Combination method Assist students to use intuitive method to establish use combination method to find
method to determine the that the indicated coefficients of
coefficient and exponent terms in a binomial expansion.
of a given term in an 2
E.g. Find the x term and the
expansion. Assist students to use the combination method to constant term in the expansion
determine the coefficient and exponents of terms in of
an expansion 1 12
n (2 x )
n 2x
(a b) n a n rbr
r 0
r

[Proof not required]

Unit 1.7 1.7.3 use the expansion for Expansion and use of n
Assist students to expand (1 x) and use it to find use binomial expansion to
(cont’d) n
(1 x) to approximate n
(1 x) to approximate exponential values
approximate exponential values. E.g.
E.g. Use binomial expansion to
Binomial exponential values. approximate 4
Evaluate (0.998 ) by writing (0.998 ) 4 (1 0.002 ) 4 5
Theorem exponential values -
evaluate (0.998 )
and then substituting x = 0.002 in the expansion
of (1 x) 4 .
Unit 1.8 1.8.1.recognise a linear Linear inequalities in Assist students to identify linear inequalities in 2 draw the graphs of a given linear
inequality in two variables two variables variables inequalities
Inequalities
and draw its graph.
and Linear Assist students to draw the graphs of given linear
programming inequalities

1.8.2.use graphical approach to Linear programming Guide students to find solutions of simultaneous solve practical problems on
solve simultaneous linear inequalities using graphical method linear inequalities in two
inequalities and interpret. variables (linear programming)
Assist students to apply the solutions to linear
programming

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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

1.8.3.recognise and solve Quadratic inequalities Assist students to identify quadratic inequalities as solve real life problems involving
quadratic inequalities. ax 2 bx c 0 and quadratic inequalities
E.g. Find the set of values of x
ax 2 bx c 0 , etc, where a 0
for which 1 + 2 x 3x 2 0
Assist students to solve quadratic inequalities using
analytic, deductive table and graphical approach.

e.g. x 2 5x 6 0 , (x 2)(x 3) 0 , That is x>2 and

x<3, 2<x<3 as shown in the table below.
x 2 3
x-2 - 0 - - + +
x-3

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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 1

SECTION 2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY I

General Objectives: The student will:

1. appreciate the concept of straight lines and apply them in related problems
2. relate gradients of parallel, perpendicular and intersecting lines

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students

Unit 1.9 1.9.1 find the mid-point of a Midpoint of a line Revise distance between two given points as an find the coordinates of the
line segment joining two segment application of the Pythagoras theorem midpoint of a line joining two
Straight line
given points. given points
Guide students to find the coordinates of the mid-point
of a line segment joining two given points

1.9.2 find the coordinates of a Division of a line Guide students to find the coordinates of a point which find the coordinates of a point
point which divides a segment in a given divides a line joining two points internally in a given dividing a given line in a given
given line in a given ratio. ratio ratio m : n ratio
Guide students to find the coordinates of a point which
divides a line joining two points externally in a given
ratio a : b

1.9.3 find the equation of a Equation of a Guide students to find the equation of a straight line in find the equations of lines with
straight line. straight line the various forms: given information
(i) two-point form
(ii) gradient-intercept form
(iii) gradient and one point form
(iv) general (standard) form

9
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students

find the equation of a line
Unit 1.9 1.9.4 write the equation of a Parallel and Assist students to determine the gradient of a line that
parallel or perpendicular to a
(cont’d) line passing through an perpendicular lines is parallel to a given line
given line. E.g.
external point and
Straight line Guide students to find the gradient of a line that is Find the equation of a straight
parallel to or
perpendicular to a given line line parallel to 3x 5 y 10 0
perpendicular to a given
line. Assist students to write the equation of a line passing and passing through (6, 4)
through a point and parallel to or perpendicular to a
given line
Include the equation of perpendicular bisector of a line
joining two given points
1.9.5 find the perpendicular Perpendicular Assist students to find the perpendicular distance from calculate the perpendicular
distance from an external distance from an an external point P( x1 , y1 ) to a given line distance from a point to a given
point to a line. external point to a line
line
ax by c 0 using the formula
E.g. Find the perpendicular
ax1 by1 c distance of the point P(8, 3)
d from the line 3x 4 y 8 0
a2 b2

1.9.6 calculate the acute Acute angle Guide students to find gradients m1 and m2 of two calculate the angle between
angle between two between two two intersecting lines. E.g.
intersecting lines and find the angle between them
intersecting lines. intersecting lines
using the appropriate formula: For m1 m2 1, Find two possible values of p if
the lines px y 3 0 and
0
m1 m2 3x y 1 0 intersect at 45
tan
1 m1m2
.

But if m1 m2 1 , then the lines are perpendicular.

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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 1
SECTION 3 PROBABILITY I
General Objectives: The student will:

1. explain and use the probability scale from 0 to 1

2. list the sample space of an experiment and
3. calculate the probabilities of independent and mutually exclusive events
4. use knowledge of conditional probability to solve real life problems.
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

UNIT 1.11 1.11.1 define probability as Equally likely events Revise sample space, events and compound events
ratio of number(s) in an and relative frequency.
Probability 1 calculate probabilities involving
event to number(s) in the
Assist students to calculate probabilities involving compound events
sample space.
compound events
1.11.2 distinguish between Mutually exclusive Assist students to solve simple problems using both apply addition and multiplication laws
mutually exclusive and and independent the addition and multiplication laws of probability. to calculate probabilities
independent events. events (i) P( A B) P( A) P( B) P( A B)
(ii) If A and B are mutually exclusive then A B
and P(A ∩ B) = 0
P( A B) P( A) P( B) ;
If A and B are independent, then
P( A B) P( A) P( B) therefore P(A U B) = P(A) x
P(B)
1.11.3 calculate simple Conditional Assist students to calculate simple conditional calculate simple conditional
conditional probabilities. probability probabilities probabilities. E.g. Find the
Note: Probability of event A, given that B had probability of scoring a number less
occurred is defined by: than five in a single toss of a die if
P( A B the toss resulted in an even number
P( A / B)
P( B)
Again if A and B are independent then
P( A / B) P( A)
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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 1
SECTION 4 VECTORS I
General Objectives: The student will:

1. write vectors in components /Cartesian and magnitude – direction (bearing) forms

2. find resultants of vectors

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 1.12 1.12.1 represent vectors in Representation of Revise concept of vectors and representation of write vectors in the standard
the form xi yj . vectors in standard vectors in component and magnitude-direction forms basis form
Vectors in a
basis form
plane Discuss the notation i and j for the unit vectors
1 0
and along x-axis and y-axis respectively
0 1
Assist students to represent given vectors in the form
xi yj
1.12.2 find the resultant of Resultant of vectors Assist students to find the resultant of given vectors find the resultant of given
given vectors. in the standard basis form vectors in standard basis form

apply parallelogram and

Assist students to find the resultant OC by polygon laws to find the
1.12.3 add vectors using Triangle,
resultant of given vectors. E.g.
triangle, parallelogram parallelogram and completing the parallelogram with OA and OB as
Find the sum of the following
and polygon laws of polygon laws of
adjacent sides OB AC OC BOA AC vectors:
addition. addition
C
OC OA OB 3OA, 6BZ, 2 AO , AB and
O
A 5OB
Assist students to use the polygon law to find the
resultant of given vectors forming the sides of a
polygon

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 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 1.12 1.12.4 use scale drawing to Scale drawing and Assist students to draw the resultants of vectors given resolve vectors given in
(cont’d) find the resultant of resolution of vectors in magnitude-direction form by scale drawing magnitude-direction forms into
vectors given in components and vice versa.
Vectors in a Assist students to resolve vectors into components
magnitude-direction form. E.g.
plane and vice versa
Find the resultant of the
o
following vectors (10m, 070 )
o
and (15m, 260 ) by (a) scale
drawing (b) resolution
1.12.5 establish and use Properties of Assist students to establish the commutative, use properties of addition of
properties of addition of addition of vectors associative and distributive properties of addition of vectors to solve problems
vectors and scalar vectors
Scalar multiplication
multiplication of vectors.
of vectors Guide students to use the properties to solve
problems on vectors

Assist students to identify the position vector of a point use position vectors to find the
1.12.6 use position vectors to Position vectors
vector joining two given points
find free vectors A relative to point O as vector OA
in the Cartesian plane. E.g.
Let students use the addition of vectors to derive the P(3, 1), Q(-3, 4), R(3, 6) and
S(x, y) are the vertices of a
relation, AB OB OA b a for the (position parallelogram PQRS. Find the
vectors of B and A values of x and y.
1.12.7 calculate unit vectors Unit vectors Assist students to calculate a unit vector of a given
a
vector as â
a

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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 2

SECTION 1 CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY II

General Objectives: The student will:

1. recognise the equation of the circle and use it in related problems

2. solve problems related to the parabola
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.1 2.1.1 find the equation of a Equation of a circle Assist students to use the idea of distance formula to
circle. find the equation of a circle,
The circle
(i) centre, the origin and a given radius as
x2 y2 r2
(ii) given a centre (a, b) and a radius as
( x a) 2 ( y b) 2 r2
Assist students to write the equation of a circle in the write the equation of a circle in
general form as x2 y2 2 gx 2 fy c 0, the standard form using given
where ( g , f ) is the centre of the circle information. E.g.
Find the equation of a circle
Guide students to use the general form of the
centre (3, 4) and which passes
equation to write the equation of a circle passing
through (6, 8).
through three given points
Assist students to find equation of a circle on a given
diameter using the mid-point approach.
2.1.2 determine the centre Finding the centre Assist students to find the centre and radius of the find the centre and radius of a
and the radius from a and radius given the circle from a given equation of a circle by circle given its equation. E.g.
given equation of a equation of a circle
(i) comparing coefficients with the general form Find the centre and radius of
circle.
the circle
(ii) completing the squares
x2 y2 4x 6 y 9 0

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 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.1 2.1.3 find the equations of a Tangent and normal Assist students to find the equation of a tangent to a find the equations of a tangent
(cont’d) tangent and a normal to to a circle given circle and normal to a circle at a
a circle and find the given point
The circle Assist students to find the equation of a normal to a
length of a tangent from
given circle
an external point.
Guide students to find the length of a tangent to a find the length of a tangent to a
given circle from an external point circle from a given external
point. E.g. Find the length of
the tangent to the circle
x2 y2 8 x 10 y 5 0
from the point (5, 7).
2.1.4 find the equation of the Loci Assist students to find the locus of a point equidistant solve loci related problems
locus of a variable point from two fixed points
which moves under a
Assist students to find the locus of a point P(x, y) such
given condition.
that PA is perpendicular to PB where A and B are
fixed points
Assist students to find the locus of a point moving
under other given conditions e.g. AP 3 PB , where
2 2
A and B are fixed points, and PM PN 26 ,
where M and N are fixed points
Assist students to describe completely such loci.

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 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.2 2.2.1 find the equation of a Equation of a Assist students to recognize the equation of a write the equation of a
parabola given the parabola parabola of the forms: y2 4ax and parabola given a directrix and
Parabola
directrix and focus. focus
x2 4ay
Guide students to find the equation of parabola given
the directrix and focus
determine the focus and
Assist students to find the directrix and focus from the directrix from the equation of a
equation of a parabola. parabola

2.2.2 sketch the various Sketching a Assist students to use a given directrix and focus to sketch the graph of a given
forms of a parabola. parabola sketch a parabola parabola and find the equation
of the axis of symmetry
Assist students to determine the equation of the axis
of symmetry of a parabola
Guide students to use ICT to investigate the nature of
graphs of various forms of parabola by changing the
directrix and focus
2.2.3 find the equations of
Tangent and normal Guide students to find the equation of a tangent to a find the equations of the
the tangent and normal
parabola by solving the equations y mx c and tangent and normal to a
to a Parabola.
parabola at a given point.
y2 4ax simultaneously
E.g.
Assist students to deduce the equation of a normal
from the equation of a tangent Find the equations of the
tangent and normal to the
parabola y 2 12 x at the
points P(2, 4) and Q(2, 4) .
At what point in the Oxy
plane will the tangents at P
and Q meet?

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 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 2

SECTION 2 ALGEBRA II
General Objectives: The student will:

1. recognize the importance of sequences and series in everyday life situations

2. use knowledge of sequences and series to solve real life problems
3. apply laws of logarithms and logarithmic functions in mathematical models.

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to Let students
Unit 2.3 2.3.1 apply linear sequence to Application of linear Revise concepts of linear sequence and finding the solve real life problems
solve real life problems. sequence nth term. Include arithmetic mean involving linear sequence. E.g.
Sequences
A display in a supermarket
and Series Use practical situations e.g. salary increment, to
consists of milk tins piled up in
illustrate linear sequences
the form of a pyramid. There
Assist students to apply linear sequence to solve real are 25 tins on the bottom layer
life problems and each successive layer has
2 fewer tins. How many tins
are displayed?
2.3.2 apply exponential Exponential Revise concepts of exponential sequence and finding
sequence and series to Sequence the nth term of a GP.
real life situations. (Geometric
Assist students to calculate the geometric mean of
Progression GP)
three consecutive terms of a GP
Use practical situations, e.g. Depreciation and Solve real life problems
compound interest, to illustrate exponential involving exponential
sequences sequence.
E.g. The original value of a
Assist students to find the sum of the first n terms of
car is ¢80m. If the car
an exponential series using the rule:
depreciates by 15% every
u1 1 r n year, find how much it is
Sn 1 r
, r 1, worth after
i) 2 years
ii) 4 years.
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UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
The student will be able to Let students

u1 (r n 1) After how many years is

or, Sn , r 1 the car worth
r 1 ¢35,496,416.00?
u1
and the limit of the sum as 1 r S , r 1
Assist students to apply exponential sequence to
solve real life problems
2.3.3 find an explicit formula
Unit 2.3 Recurrence Assist students to recognize recurrence sequence and generate the terms of a
for the nth term of a
(cont’d) sequence recurrence sequence and find
recurrence sequence. un 1 3 u n u1 1 an explicit formula for the
Sequences find its terms, e.g. ,
sequence
and Series Assist students to find an explicit formula for the
general rule for the recurrence sequence.
Assist students to express recurring decimals as
series and determine their limits, e.g.
9 9 9 9
0.99999. 2 3
...
10 10 10 104
Unit 2.4 2.4.1 use the laws of indices Laws of indices and Assist students to evaluate the products, quotients evaluate products, quotients
Indices and and logarithms to solve logarithms. and powers of numbers using the laws of indices and and powers using indices and
Logarithmic simple problems. logarithms logarithm. E.g. Given that
Functions log 3 5 1.465 , evaluate
without using table or
calculator, log 3 25 log 3 15

2.4.2 solve equations involving Equations involving Assist students to solve equations involving indices solve equations involving
indices. indices x x 2x x indices
e.g. 2 8 , 3 2 3 3 0
2.4.3 solve equations involving Equations involving Assist students to solve simple equations involving solve equations involving
logarithms including logarithm and 2 x
7 logarithms and change of base
logarithms e.g. Solve:
changing the base. change of base
E.g. Solve
Guide students to change the base of a given
logarithm and use it to solve related problems. log 2 x 4 log x 2 5

18
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
The student will be able to Let students

1
That is log a b
log b a
log c b
(ii). log a b
log c a
Unit 2.4 2.4.4 reduce relations to linear Graphs of Assist students to obtain the linear form of the draw and interpret graphs of
(cont’d) form using logarithm and exponential relations
Indices and draw the graph. and their applications relation, y ax as
b
log y b log x log a and the relations y ab x and
draw the graph. y ax b
Logarithmic
Functions Guide students to recognize the similarity between the
above relations and the line y mx c
Assist students to obtain the linear form of the
relation, y ab x as log y log a x log b ,
and draw the graph.
Assist students to estimate the values of the constants
a and b from their graphs and determine graphically
one value given the other.
Introduce the use of graphic calculators and computer
in drawing logarithmic graphs

19
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 2
SECTION 3 TRIGONOMETRY
General Objectives: The student will:

1. apply the concept of the trigonometric ratios and their reciprocals to solve related problems
2. use trigonometric identities to find solutions to trigonometric equations of compound and multiple angles.
3. apply trigonometry to solve related problems.

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.5 2.5.1 determine trigonometric Basic trigonometric Assist students to revise the three basic trigonometric
ratios and their ratios and their ratios; sine, cosine and tangent
Trigonometr
reciprocals. reciprocals
ic ratios and Guide students to find the basic trigonometry ratios
rules using the quadrants.
use basic trigonometric ratios
Assist students to find the reciprocals of the
and reciprocals to prove given
trigonometric ratios
trigonometric identities
Assist students to relate trigonometric ratios to
Cartesian co-ordinates of the point ( x, y ) on the circle
x2 y2 r2
Assist students to derive the trigonometric identities
sin 2
e.g. tan ; cos sin 2 1;
cos
1 tan 2 sec2 , etc
evaluate sine, cosine and
Assist students to form the concept of negative angles
tangent of negative angles
and to establish the following relations
sin( ) sin(360 ) sin
cos( ) cos(360 ) cos

20
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

tan( ) tan(360 ) tan

Students to be encouraged to use the calculator to
verify these relations

Unit 2.5 2.5.2 convert angles into Angles in radians Assist students to obtain radian equivalents of angles. calculate the radian
o
(cont’d) radians. [ radians = 180 ] equivalents of given angles
Trigonometr
ic ratios and
rules
2.5.3 state and use the sine Sine and Cosine Assist students to deduce the sine rule:
and cosine rules. rules a b c A
sin A sin B sin C ,
b c

C a B
where a, b and c are the sides of a triangle
Guide students to use the sine rule to solve related
problems solve triangles using the sine
and cosine rules
Assist students to deduce the cosine rule:
a2 b2 c2 2bc cos A , etc and use it to solve
triangles.
2.5.4 apply the sine and Application of sine Assist students to apply the sine and cosine rules to apply sine and cosine rules to
cosine rules to solve and cosine rules to solve problems involving bearings solve real life problems. E.g.
problems bearings An aeroplane can fly at
-1
involving bearings. 800kmh in still air. The pilot
sets a course due east when
there is a wind blowing at
-1
80kmh from the south-west.
Find the magnitude and
direction of the velocity of the
aeroplane relative to the
ground.

21
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.6 2.6.1 use simple trigonometric Compound angles Guide students to derive the compound angles prove the compound angle
identities to find identities and apply them to
Compound identities: sin( A B) sin A cos B sin B cos A
trigonometric ratios for evaluate given angles without
and Multiple
angles
compound angles. cos(A B) cos A cos B  sin A sin B using calculators. E.g.
tan A tan B Find (i) sin 75
tan( A B)
1  tan A tan B
(ii) sin15 without using
calculator leaving your
Assist students to use the identities to solve related answer as a surd.
problems
Encourage students to use calculators and specific
values to verify these relations

Assist students to derive the double angle identities for prove multiple angle identities.
Unit 2.6 2.6.2 use simple trigonometric Multiple angles (up
sin 2 A, cos2 A and tan 2 A and use them to write E.g. Express sin 3 A and
(cont’d) identities to find to 3A)
trigonometric ratios for identities for sin 3 A and cos3 A in terms of sin A and cos3 A in terms of
Compound
multiple angles. cos A respectively sin A and
and Multiple
angles Encourage students to use the calculator and specific cos A respectively
values to verify these relations

Revise graphs of sin x and cos x draw the graphs of sin x ,

Unit 2.7 2.7.1 draw graphs of Graphs of
trigonometric functions. trigonometric Assist students to draw the graph of tan x and cos x and tan x and use
Trigonometr compare it with the sine and cosine graphs. them to estimate given values
functions - tan x
ic Functions Encourage students to use the calculator and computer of x
to investigate the nature of graphs of trigonometric
functions

Assist students to find solution sets to trigonometric

2.7.2 solve trigonometric Solving solve trigonometric equations
equations up to quadratic. E.g.
equations (up to trigonometric
quadratic). equations (up to 2 sin 2 x sin x 3 0 , 0 x 360
quadratic) Encourage students to use the calculator and computer
to draw graphs of trigonometric functions and find their
solutions (graphical approach)

22
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Revise graphs of trigonometric functions of the form
2.7.3 calculate the maximum Maximum and find the maximum and
and minimum points of a minimum points of
f ( x) a sin x b cos x minimum points of given
given trigonometric trigonometric Guide students to express the trigonometric function, trigonometric functions
function. functions f ( x) a sin x b cos x in the forms R cos(x ) or
R sin(x ) for 0 90
Assist students to use the result to calculate the
maximum and minimum points of the function

23
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL- YEAR 2
SECTION 4 CALCULUS
General Objectives: The student will:

1. appreciate the principles of differentiation and Integration

2. carry out differentiation and integration on polynomials
3. explain all relevant terms under differentiation and integration
4. apply differentiation in related processes e.g. kinematics, small changes, etc
5. apply differentiation to determine gradient of a curve at a point, the turning points, etc.
6. apply integration to determine areas under curves, volumes of revolution, etc

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.8 2.8.1 find the limit of a function Limit of a function Assist students to form the concept of a limit
and relate it to the
Differentia- Assist students to find the limits of functions of the evaluate limits of given
gradient of a curve.
tion 3
x 1 1 functions
forms: lim 2 x 2 2 x 1 , lim , lim x , etc
x 2 x 1 x 1 x 2
Let students draw lines through a given point, P on a
curve cutting the curve again at Q1 , Q2 , Q3 ,Qn with
Q approaching P.
Let students compare the gradients of the various lines
with that of the tangent at P.
2.8.2 find the limit of simple Limit of simple Assist students to find the limits of sin x and cos x , as x determine the derivative of
trigonometric functions. trigonometric approaches zero, etc. using tables or calculators. simple trigonometric functions
functions
Guide students to use tables or calculators to discover
sin x
that the lim 1
x 0 x

24
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.8 2.8.3 differentiate polynomials Differentiation from Assist students to find the derivative of polynomials find the derivatives of given
(cont’d) and simple trigonometric first principles ( n 3) from first principles using the idea of small functions from first principles
functions from first
Differentiati
principles.
increment, x and y or the definition
on
dy f ( x h) f ( x )
lim
dx h 0 h
Limit differentiation from first principles to only
polynomials
2.8.4 recognise and use the Rules of Assist students to differentiate polynomials using the use the various rules of
rules of differentiation. differentiation power rule, i.e. differentiation to find the
derivatives of given functions
(i)
d n
(x ) nx n 1

dx ,
(ii) Differentiation of sums and differences
d n d n d m
(x xm ) x x
dx dx dx

Assist students to differentiate functions which are

products of polynomials [e.g. f ( x) g ( x) ] using the
product rule
Assist students to differentiate rational expressions of
the form
f ( x)
H ( x) , where g(x)≠0 using the quotient rule
g ( x)
Assist students to use the chain rule to differentiate
n
function of a function of the form ( ax b) m or
n
G ( x) f ( x)

25
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

2.8.5 differentiate implicit Differentiation of Assist students to differentiate implicit functions find the derivatives of given
functions. implicit functions implicit functions.
E.g. Find the derivative of
x3 y3 xy with respect to
Unit 2.9 2.9.1 find the equations of a Equations of tangent Assist students to apply differentiation to find the apply derivatives to find the
tangent and normal to a and normal to a equations of tangents and normals to given curves equations of tangents and
Applications
curve at a point. curve normals to given curves at
of
given points of contact
Differentiati
on
Unit 2.9 2.9.2 find the rates of change Rates of changes Assist students to apply the chain rule to find the rates solve real life problems
(cont’d) and small changes. of change and small changes involving rates of change
Applications Assist students to calculate the percentage changes
of
Differentiati
on
2.9.3 find the maxima and Maxima and minima Guide students to find the turning points (stationary apply derivatives to solve
minima values and points. points) of curves and determine their nature maxima and minima
problems.
Assist students to find the second derivative of
functions and use it to determine the nature of turning E.g.
points
A farmer wishes to construct
Assist students to apply derivatives to solve maxima a rectangular goat pen using
and minima problems an existing wall as one of its
sides with 60 metres of
fencing. Calculate the
dimensions of the pen that
would allow for maximum
grazing area.
2.9.4 sketch curves up to cubic Curve sketching Assist students to apply derivatives to sketch
functions. (i) use the idea of calculus to obtain the turning points given curves
of functions,
(ii) find the intercepts and use these points to
sketch curves

26
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

2.9.5 solve simple problems Linear kinematics Assist students to solve problems involving linear apply derivatives to solve
involving linear kinematics kinematics – displacements, velocity and acceleration problems on linear kinematics
E.g.
A ball is thrown vertically
upwards and its height (h
metres) above the ground at
a time t seconds is given by
h 16 t 4 t 2 . Find the
velocity and acceleration
after one second and the
maximum height reached.
Unit 2.10 2.10.1. integrate polynomials. Indefinite integral Assist students to recognise integration as the reverse integrate given functions.
of differentiation
Integration E.g. (x2 x )dx
Assist students to integrate monomials.
xn 1
E.g. x n dx C,n 1 and C is a constant
n 1
Assist students to integrate polynomials

Assist students to find values for definite integrals for

Unit 2.10 2.10.2. find definite integrals. Definite Integrals evaluate given definite
given limits of the form
(cont’d) integral. E.g. Evaluate
b
1
Integration f ( x)dx ( 4 x 3 3x 2 2)dx
a 0

2.10.3. find definite integrals by Integration by Assist students to find integrals by the substitution integrate given functions by
the substitution method. substitution method of substitution
method e-g x x2 2 dx

where we let u x2 2 so that du 2xdx

2.10.4. integrate simple Integration of simple Assist students to integrate simple trigonometric find the integral of simple
trigonometric functions. trigonometric trigonometric functions
functions functions e.g. sin x dx

27
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

2.11.1 solve simple problems Kinematics Assist students to apply integration to solve simple solve real life problems
involving linear problems involving kinematics - displacements, velocity involving kinematics.
Unit 2.11
kinematics. and acceleration
E.g. A particle moves along
Application
a straight line OP such that
of
its velocity after t seconds is
integration
given by v t 1 t 2 .
18
(i) Find the time it takes the
particle to reach the point P;
(ii) How far is the particle from
O when it changes direction
2.11.2 find the area under a Areas under curves Assist students to sketch given curves and identify the apply integration to calculate
curve. specific areas areas under given curves.
E.g Find the area under the
Assist students to apply definite integral to find the
parabola
indicated area under the curve
y x 2 2 x 2 above the
x axis , between x 0 and
x 1 x 1

2.11.3 find volumes generated Volumes of Assist students to find the volumes of solids of apply integration to calculate
when curves are rotated revolution revolution about (i) the x-axis and (ii) the y-axis using the volume of solids of
about the x- and y- axes. b b revolution.
the rules V y 2 dx and V x 2 dy
a a E.g. Find the volume of the
respectively solid formed by revolving
the region under the curve
y x 2 1 , from x 0 to
x 2 about the x-axis
Unit 2.11 2.11.4 calculate an approximate The Trapezium Rule Assist students to recognize that the area under a use the trapezium rule to
(cont’d) value of a definite integral curve is approximately equal to that in the trapezium approximate the value of a
using the Trapezium Rule. formed by the limits. given definite integral.
Application
E.g. Using the trapezium
of Assist students to establish the trapezium rule and
rule with 5 ordinates,
integration apply it to find area under curves.
2 1
calculate dx
1 x
28
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 2

SECTION 5 PERMUTATION, COMBINATION & PROBABILITY

General Objectives: The student will:
1. differentiate between permutation (dealing with arrangement) and combination (dealing with selection)
2. recognize probability as ratio of equally likely events
3. distinguish between mutually exclusive and independent events
4. find probability using the binomial probability rule

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Assist student to distinguish between ordered and un-
Unit 2.12 2.12.1 arrange objects or things Permutation – solve real life problems on
ordered choices
in a row. ordered choices permutation
Permutation Lead students to use the formula,
and n n!
Combination P r ( n r )! to solve problems involving
permutation.
Students to be encouraged to check their answers
using the calculator.
Assist students to arrange a given number of objects
2.12.2 arrange n objects in a Circular solve real life problems on
in a circular form
circular form. Arrangement circular arrangements. E.g.
Assist students to discover and use the rule (n 1)!
to find the number of ways of arranging n objects in a How many distinct ways can 5
circular form people sit around a circular
table?
2.12.3 draw objects from a Combination Assist students to find the number of ways of drawing solve real life problems on
collection with and objects from a collection with replacement. combination. E.g. How many
Drawing with
without replacement. ways can 4 red and 2 blue
replacement Assist students to find the number of ways of drawing
balls be drawn (without
objects from a collection without replacement.
Drawing without replacement) from a bag
replacement n n! containing 6 red and 4 blue
Assist students to use the formula cr r!( n r )! to balls?
find the number of ways of selecting r objects from n
given objects

29
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Assist students to find the number of ways of selecting

r objects from a collection with a given condition.
Students should be encouraged to check their
answers using the calculator

Assist students to calculate simple probabilities using

Unit 2.13 2.13.1 use idea of combination Application of apply combination to solve
combination.
to calculate simple combination real life problems on
Probability II e.g. Probability of drawing 3 green and 2 white
probabilities. probability. E.g. What is the
marbles from a box containing 5 green and 6 white
probability of forming a
marbles is:
5 6
committee of 3 boys and 2
C3 C2 girls from a class of 15 boys
P(3green and 2 white) = 11 and 10 girls?
C5
Introduce the concept of binomial distribution
2.13.2 use binomial Binomial probability
Discuss the features of a binomial distribution, e.g.
distribution to calculate
There are n independent trials; the probability of an
simple probabilities.
event remains constant from trial to trial; and the
probability of success is p and of failure is q 1 p
Assist students to calculate simple probabilities using apply binomial distribution to
the binomial distribution given by, calculate probabilities
P( x r ) n C r p r q n r n is the number of trials-
p is the probability of success, q is the probability of
failure q 1 p ,and r is the number of
successes..

30
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL- YEAR 2

SECTION 6 STATISTICS I
General Objectives: The student will:

1. represent data graphically and interpret the graph.

2. calculate the measures of location and spread and interpret them.

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Revise histogram with equal intervals with students
Unit 2.14 2.14.1 draw a histogram from Histogram draw a histogram with
Assist students to construct frequency table with
grouped data. unequal intervals and use it to
Statistics unequal intervals and guide them to calculate the
estimate the median
frequency densities
Assist students to draw histogram for data with unequal
intervals and use it to estimate the median
2.14.2 draw a cumulative Cumulative Revise drawing of cumulative frequency curves and draw cumulative frequency
frequency curve and use it Frequency Curve estimation of medians, deciles and percentiles from the curves and use them to
to estimate the quartile (Ogive) graph estimate semi inter-quartile
and inter-quartile ranges. ranges
Assist students to estimate the quartiles from the graph
and use them to calculate the inter-quartile and semi-
inter-quartile ranges
2.14.3 calculate the mean, Measures of central Assist students to use the assumed mean method to calculate the mean of a set of
mode and median from a tendency calculate the mean of grouped data using the formula given data using the assumed
grouped frequency table. mean method
fd ,
x A
f

where A the Assumed mean, and

d x A = deviation from the assumed mean

31
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Assist students to calculate the mode using the formula

Mode L1 1
C calculate the mode and
1 2 median from a grouped data.
where,
L1 = the lower class boundary of the modal
class
Unit 2.14
(cont’d) 1= excess frequency of modal class over
frequency of the next lower class
Statistics
2 = excess frequency of modal class over
frequency of the next higher class
C = the size of the modal class

Assist students to calculate the median using the

formula
1
2 N F1
Median L1 C
Fm
where
L1 = the lower class boundary of the median
class
N = total frequency
F1 = sum of frequencies of all classes lower
than the median class
Fm = frequency of the median class
C = the size of the median class

32
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

2.14.4 calculate the variance Measures of Assist students to calculate the range for a given set of calculate the mean deviation,
and standard deviation of dispersion data variance and standard
a set of data. deviation of a set of grouped
Assist students to calculate the mean deviation using
data and interpret the result
the formula Mean Deviation (MD)

x x
MD for simple data without frequencies;
n
and

f i xi x
MD for frequency distributions
fi
Assist students to calculate the variance and standard
Unit 2.14 deviation from ungrouped data using the true mean
(cont’d) Given a population of N data values, the variance and
standard deviation are given by
Statistics
2
(x )2 (x )2
and
N N
where is the population mean
Discuss the interpretation of standard deviation with
students

Assist students to calculate the variance and standard

deviation from a grouped data using the true mean by
2
f (x x)2
f
Assist students to use the assumed mean to calculate
the standard deviation, i.e.
2
fd 2 fd
sd .
f f

33
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 2

SECTION 7 VECTORS II
General Objectives: The student will:

1. apply vectors and dot product of vectors to solve problems

2. use vector approach to derive trigonometric identities
3. find the vector in the direction of another given vector

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.15 2.15.1 apply vectors to solve Application of Revise equality, addition, subtraction, and scalar
simple geometric vectors to a
Application
problems. geometry. multiplication of vectors in the form ai bj and
of Vectors to b
Geometry
Assist students to deduce the position vector of a point find the position vector of a
that divides a line segment internally in a ratio ( : ) point that divides a line
segment both internally and
shown in the diagram as
externally in a given ratio
OA OB a b
OC

B
C

b
A
a O

Assist students to find the position vector of a point that

divides a line segment externally in a given ratio

34
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.15 Assist students to prove, for example, that if M and N

(cont’d) are the mid-points of sides AC and BC respectively of
Application 1
triangle ABC shown, then MN AB
of Vectors 2
C

M
N
A
B
2.15.2 use the idea of scalar Concept of Scalar Assist students to find the dot product of two given find the dot product of two
product to find angle (Dot) product for vectors. E.g. The dot product of the vectors u ai bj given vectors
between two vectors. finding angle
between two
and v ci dj is given by u v ac bd
vectors Assist students to establish the fact that angle between apply scalar (dot) products to
two vectors is the angle between the directions of the calculate angle between two
vectors vectors. E.g. Given that

Assist students to use the concept of scalar product to p 5 cm, q 12 cm and

find the angle between any two vectors i.e p q 229 , find
a b a b cos where θ is the angle between the
vectors (i) the angle between the
vectors p and q.
Lead students to establish the fact that if a b 0, (ii) (ii) the scalar (dot) product
then a and b are perpendicular of p and q
2.15.3 use vectors to establish The sine and Assist students to use vector approach to derive the use vector approach to derive
sine and cosine rules. cosine rules relations: For any triangle with sides a, b, and c, the sine and cosine rules

a b c
(i) Sine rule:
sin A sin B sin C
(ii) Cosine rules: a2 b2 c2 2bc cos A

b2 a2 c2 2ac cos B

c2 a2 b2 2ab cos C
35
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.15 2.15.4 use vector approach to Compound angles Guide students to use vector approach to derive use vector approach to derive
(cont’d) derive trigonometric for cosine and sine. compound angle identities: the compound angle identities
identities.
Application Cos( A B) cos A cos B  sin A sin B
of Vectors Sin( A B) sin A cos B cos A sin B

2.15.5 find the projection of one Direction vectors Assist students to apply a a aˆ where â is the unit find the vector in the direction
vector on another. of another given vector
vector of a to establish that the projection of vector a
on b is A

a
b
a a cos
b θ B
O b K

Note that the projection of OA on OB is

a cos

36
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL- YEAR 2
SECTION 8 MECHANICS I
General Objectives: The student will:

1. recognize forces as vectors

2. distinguish between static and dynamics
3. resolve forces and find their resultants
4. determine coefficient of friction
5. find moments about a point
6. apply ideas in mechanics to solve practical problems

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.16 2.16.2 distinguish between scalar Differences Guide students to recognize mass, distance and speed classify given quantities under
and vector quantities. between scalar as scalar quantities and velocity, acceleration, force and scalars and vectors
Statics
and vector momentum as vector quantities.
quantities Discuss the definitions of various quantities with
students

Assist students to use appropriate units - e.g.

1
kg , m, s, ms

Assist students to realize that, for example, a speed of

1
15 ms in the direction 060 is the velocity vector
o

( 15ms -1 , 060 o ). Similarly, (10ms -2 , 030 ) is an acceleration

vector and (5N , 040 ) is a force vector

Assist students to resolve forces acting at a point and

2.16.3 resolve forces acting at a Coplanar forces resolve given forces and find
find their resultant. e.g. the resolution of the force (5N,
point. acting at a point o the magnitude and direction of
030 ) is
the resultant
5 cos 60 5 sin 30
or
5 sin 60 5 cos 30
37
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 2.16 2.16.4 find the resultant of forces Equilibrium of Assist students to establish the fact that a particle determine the force that will
(cont’d) and consider forces in particles acted upon by forces F1, F2, F3, …, Fn is said to be in keep a particle under given
equilibrium. equilibrium if forces in equilibrium.
Statics Resultant of forces
F1 F2 F3 ... Fn 0 E.g. A object C of weight
Lami‟s theorem
20N is suspended by two
Assist students to determine tensions in strings that are light strings AC and BC
suspending particles from points A and B on the
same horizontal level
Discuss with students Lami‟s theorem in relation to above C.
T1 T2 T3 AB AC 12 cm and
sin sin sin CB 8 cm . Find the
tensions in AC and BC
where T1, T2 , and T3 are three forces acting on the
body and , and are the angles between them
T1
T3
T2
γ
T2 α
β

T1
T3
Guide students to apply Lami‟s Theorem to solve simple
problems on equilibrium system of forces and lead apply Lami‟s theorem to solve
students to appreciate the Lami‟s theorem is equilibrium related problems
to the sine rule.

38
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

2.16.5 find moments of forces. Moments of forces Assist students to determine the moment of a force as state and use the principle of
moments to solve related
Moment of force (m) is defined as the product of the
problems.
magnitude of force (F) and the perpendicular distance
(d) of line of force from the axis; E.g.
i.e. Two pupils, Aku and Aba
are sitting on a non-uniform
P
plank AB of mass 24 kg
●
and length 2 m. the plank is
Line of action
of F pivoted at M, the midpoint
d of AB. C is the centre of
F mass AB and
Guide students to use the principle of moments to AC 0.8 m . If Aku‟s
solve simple problems mass is 24 kg and she sits
at A while the mass of Aba
is 30 kg , find where Aba
can sit for the plank to be
horizontal
Unit 2.16 2.16.6 determine coefficient of Friction Assist students to distinguish between smooth and calculate the coefficient of
(cont’d) friction between bodies. rough planes and explain the meaning of friction and friction between bodies in
coefficient of friction contact.
Statics
E.g.
Guide students to determine coefficient of friction
between a body and a rough plane A particle of weight 30N
rests in equilibrium on a
rough horizontal surface. A
string is attached to the
particle making an angle of
30 with the horizontal. If
the tension in the string is
4 N , find the magnitude of
the frictional force acting on
the particle

39
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 3

SECTION 1 MATRICES AND LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS

General Objectives: The student will:

1. use linear transformations to find images of points and object points

2. apply linear transformation in finding reflections and rotations of points and plane figures
3. recognize the use of matrices in linear transformations

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 3.1 3.1.1 recognise a matrix and Idea of a matrix Assist students to use everyday situations to explain the state the order of a given
state its order idea of matrices, e.g. League tables, seating matrix and indicate the type
Matrices
arrangements in class.
Guide students to state the order of given matrices
Assist students to identify the types of matrices – unit ,
zero, diagonal, square and rectangular matrices

3.1.2 apply equal matrices in Equal matrices Assist students to recognize that if two matrices are apply equality of matrices to
related problems equal, their corresponding elements are equal. find missing entries of given
matrices
a11 a12 b11 b12
a21 a22 b21 b22
a11 b11 , a12 b12 , a 21 b21 , a 22 b22
Guide students to use the idea of equal matrices to find
missing entries in a given matrix.
3.1.3 add and subtract Addition and Assist students to add and subtract matrices (up to find the sum and difference of
matrices. subtraction of 3 3 ) by adding or subtracting corresponding elements given matrices. E.g.
matrices A shopkeeper has two
a11 a12 b11 b12 a11 b11 a12 b12 separate shops which she
a21 a22 b21 b22 a21 b21 a22 b22 opens on Monday,

40
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Wednesday and Friday. In a
Unit 3.1 (Use real life situations)
particular week she made the
(cont’d)
Assist students demonstrate that the zero matrix is the following sales in the two
Matrices O A A O A shops. Represent the total
identity matrix for addition i.e
sales she made in the week in
a matrix form
Shop A
Fanta Malta Energ
y
Mon 10 8 6
Wedn 8 7 9
Fri 11 9 12
Shop B
Fanta Malta Energ
y
Mon 9 10 8
Wedn 7 9 10
Fri 13 11 15
3.1.4 multiply a matrix by a Multiplication of Assist students to recognize that multiplication of a find the product of a matrix by
scalar and a matrix by a matrices matrix by a scalar k involves multiplying each element a scalar and a matrix by a
matrix of A by k matrix
Multiplication of a
E.g. Given that
matrix by a scalar.
a11 a12 ka11 ka12 2 3
k A and
a21 a22 ka21 ka22 7 1
Assist students to multiply an m n matrix by an n 1 1 5
B
matrix, e.g 3 4
Multiplication of
matrices (up to a b x ax by find AB and BA and
3 3 matrices) comment.
.
c d y cx dy

Guide students to multiply two 2 2 matrices:

41
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

a b p q ap br aq bs
c d r s cp dr cq ds
Assist students to multiply two 3 3 matrices
NB. We multiply matrices that are conformable.
Matrix multiplication is not commutative.
Unit 3.1
(cont’d)
Matrices
3.1.5 find the inverse of a Inverse of a Assist students to find the determinants of
2 2 matrix. 2 2 matrix 2 2 matrices. That is, if
Determinant of a a b
2 2 matrix A
c d

then det A A ad bc
Assist students to find the adjoint matrix as
find the inverses of given 2 2
d b matrices
c a
Guide students to write the inverse of the matrix A as

1 1 d b
A
ad bc c a
where ad bc 0

42
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

3.2.1 use linear transformation Images of points Assist students to find images of various points under find images of points under
to calculate image and and object points linear transformations of the form ( x, y) (x , y ) , given linear transformations
Unit 3.2
object points. under linear
Linear transformation where x ax by and y cx dy
transformati
ons
Assist students to write down the matrix of a linear
3.2.2 state the matrix Matrix of a linear determine the matrices of
transformation, e.g. the matrix of the linear
representing a linear transformation given linear transformations
transformation. transformation x 4 x 3 y and y 5x 2 y is
[Restrict to 2×2
matrices] 4 3
A
5 2
Unit 3.2 3.2.3 find the inverse of a linear Inverse of a linear Assist students to find the inverse of linear find the inverses of given
(cont’d) transformation. transformation transformation by linear transformations
(i) finding the matrix of transformation A
Linear 1
transformati (ii) finding the inverse of the matrix A
ons (iii) using the inverse matrix to write the inverse of
the linear transformation; i.e.
1 x
A
y
3.2.4 find the composition of Composition of Assist students to find the composition of linear find a single linear
linear transformations. linear transformations by transformation that represents
transformations (i) writing the matrices A and B of the given the composition of two given
transformations linear transformations
(ii) finding the matrix product AB
(iii) writing the linear transformation for AB as the
composition of the linear transformations i.e

Guide students to interpret as the

transformation for the matrix B followed by
transformation for the matrix A.

43
 UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

3.2.5 recognise the identity Identity Assist students to state the matrices of transformation use the identity
transformations. transformations corresponding to special linear transformations transformations to reflect and
rotate given points.
cos2 sin 2
i. , the general matrix for reflection in
sin 2 cos2
a line through the origin making an angle θ with the
positive x-axis
1 0
ii. for reflection in x-axis
0 1
Unit 3.2
iii. 1 0 for reflection in y-axis
(cont’d)
0 1
Linear
transformati 0 1
ons iv. for reflection in the line y = x.
1 0
cos sin
v. for anticlockwise rotation through θ
sin cos
about the origin.
Include enlargement by a scale factor k, centre the
origin
3.2.6 find the equation of the Linear Assist students to find the equation of the image of a find the equation of the image
image of a line under a transformation of a given line under a linear transformation. of a line under a given linear
linear transformation. line transformation

44
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 3

SECTION 2 LOGIC
General Objectives: The student will:
1. appreciate the concepts of logical reasoning
2. apply the concepts to determine the validity of compound statements
3. draw valid conclusions from truth tables
4. apply the rule of logic to deduce valid conclusions from arguments in general
5. be able to convince others logically on the validity of statements made

UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

The student will be able to: Let students:

Unit 3.3 3.3.1 identify compound Compound Assist students to form compound statements from use connectives to form
statements. statements simple statements using the connectives and compound statements and
Logic
state their converses
Assist students to form converse statements and
comment on them
3.3.2 draw implications from Implications and Assist students to draw implications from given draw conclusions from given
given statements and their their converses statements using the implication sign e.g. P Q statements
converses.
3.3.3 draw the truth table of a The truth table Assist students to draw the truth table using the rule of draw the truth table for given
compound statement. logic compound statements
E.g.
P Q P Q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T
Include negation, conjunction and disjunction.

45
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION

3.3.4 use the truth table to Validity of Assist students to use the truth table in drawing draw valid conclusions from
deduce conclusions of arguments conclusions using the rule of syntax: true or false compound statements using
compound statements. statement, rule of logic applied to arguments, the truth table
implications and deductions.

46
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL - YEAR 3
SECTION 3 STATISTICS II
General Objectives: The student will:
1. represent bivariate data graphically and interpret the graph
2. use the equation of the line of best fit to make predictions
3. calculate correlation coefficients between two sets of data
4. use correlation coefficient to compare the relationship between the two variables
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
The student will be able to: Let students:
Unit 3.4. 3.4.1 draw the scatter diagram The scatter Assist students to distinguish between univariate and draw scatter diagrams for
for a given data diagram bivariate distributions and to draw the scatter given sets of bivariate data
Correlation
diagrams for bivariate distributions.
and
Regression Scatter diagram is used to graphically display
bivariate distributions. One variable is along the x-
axis and the other along the y-axis.
E.g. The test scores of seven students in English
and Mathematics are as shown:

English (x) 12 24 30 34 47 58 68
Mathematics(y) 32 44 47 58 73 72 88

The ordered pairs (12, 32), (24, 44), etc are plotted in
the x-y plane in (a)

A
ssist students to use graphic calculators and
computers to display bivariate distributions to cross

47
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
The student will be able to: Let students:
check their result

Unit 3.4 3.4.2 identify and explain the Forms of Discuss the various forms of correlation with distinguish among various
(cont’d) various forms of correlation correlation in students. types of scatter diagrams
bivariate
Correlation Assist students to explain positive, negative and no
distributions
and correlations.
Regression - If the points cluster around a straight line with
a positive slope as shown in (a), then there is
a positive correlation between the two
variables, that is, as one increases so does
the other.
- If the points cluster around a straight line with
a negative slope as shown in diagram (b),
then there is a negative correlation between
the two variables, that is, as one increases
the other decreases.
- If the points are randomly scattered, as
shown in diagram (c), then there is no linear
correlation (relationship) between the two
variables.
(b) (c)

♦♦ ♦ ♦
♦ ♦♦♦ ♦ ♦
♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
♦ ♦♦ ♦
♦
3.4.3 draw the line of best fit Line of best fit Assist students to draw the line of best fit by first draw the line of best fit and
and use it to predict one Equation of line of computing the: find its equation by graph
variable given the other. best fit (regression) (i) mean values x, y for all values of x and y; and by least squares
method
(ii) mean values x 1 and y 1 respectively for which
x is less than x ;
(iii) mean values x 2 and y 2 respectively for

which x is greater than x

48
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
The student will be able to: Let students:
NB. The line of best fit must pass through x, y and
Unit 3.4. ,
(cont’d) either x1 , y1
Correlation or x 2 , y 2 .
and
Regression Guide students to use the line of best fit to
predict/estimate the value of a variable when one is
given.
Assist students to determine the equation of the line
of best fit from the graph
Guide students to find the equation of line of best fit
by least squares method: y a bx ; (regression of
y on x)

where y an b x and
2
xy a x b x
Assist students to use the equation to predict one
variable given the other.
Include regression of x on y .

Unit 3.5 3.5.1 calculate the correlation Spearman‟s rank Assist students to calculate the correlation coefficient
coefficient by ranking. correlation using the Spearman‟s rank correlation coefficient
Spearman’s
coefficient 2
Rank formula r 1 6 d
s
Correlation (Include data with n n2 1
Coefficient ties)
Example: The Spearman‟s rank correlation for the
data on scores of 7 students in English and
Mathematics tests in 3.4.6 is calculated as follows:
x y Rx Ry Rx – Ry (d) d2
12 32 7 7 0 0
24 44 6 6 0 0
30 47 5 5 0 0
34 58 4 4 0 0
47 73 3 2 1 1
58 72 2 3 -1 1
68 88 1 1 0 0
Total 2

49
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
The student will be able to: Let students:

6 d2 12 1 27
rs 1 2
1 1 0.964
nn 1 7(49 1) 28 28
Assist students to draw conclusions from the
3.5.2 interpret correlation Interpretation of interpret correlation
coefficient calculated.
coefficients. correlation coefficients of a given sets
coefficients Note: the value of rs lies between 1 and 1. of data
If rs 1 then there is perfect positive correlation
between the two sets of data
If rs 1 , then there is perfect negative correlation,
or complete disagreement between the two sets of
data

50
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL- YEAR 3
SECTION 4 MECHANICS II
General Objectives: The student will:
1. recognize forces as vectors
2. distinguish between static and dynamics
3. resolve forces and find their resultants
4. determine coefficient of friction
5. find momentum and impulse
6. apply ideas in mechanics to solve practical problems
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
Let students:
The student will be able to:

3.6.1 explain the concepts of

Unit 3.6 Concepts of motion Assist students to explain the concept of dynamics and draw graphs of motion and
motion, time and space.
–Displacement, relate it to statics interpret them
Dynamics
velocity (Relative
Assist students to draw and interpret distance – time, use the equations of motions
velocity) and
and velocity – time graphs to solve real-life problems.
acceleration.
E.g.

3.6.2 state and use Newton‟s Assist students to deduce and use the following A particle of mass 2 kg at rest
Equations of
equations of motion to Newton‟s laws of motion to solve related problems: is acted upon by three forces
Motion
solve simple problems. F1 (20 N , 090 ), F2 (8N , 210 ) an
Newton‟s laws (i) F ma (ii) v u at d F3 (8 N , 330 ) .

(iii) s ut 1
2 at 2 (iv) v2 u2 2as
3.6.3 solve simple problems
Motion under Assist students to solve simple problems on motion Calculate the resultant force
involving motion under gravity.
Gravity under gravity involving: and the acceleration of the
particle.
(i) particles projected vertically upwards
solve real-life problems
(ii) particles falling freely under gravity
involving motion under gravity
(Ignore air resistance)
E.g.A boy standing on top a
building 112m high
throws a ball vertically
upwards with an initial

51
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
Let students:
The student will be able to:

1
velocity of 96 ms

(a) Find the ball‟s height and

velocity at time t.
(b) When does the ball hit
the ground and what is
the impact velocity?
(c) When is the velocity
zero?

Unit 3.6 3.6.4 find the force up an Motion along Assist students to resolve a force up an inclined plane solve real life problems
(cont’d) inclined plane. inclined planes into Normal and Frictional Force involving motion along
inclined planes
Dynamics N
F E.g.
A body of mass 8kg rests on
a smooth plane inclined at
30o to the horizontal. Find
MgSinθ the least value of the force
required to keep it in
θ
equilibrium and the resultant
reaction of the plane. [Take
-2
Mg g = 10ms ]
Mgcosθ

Assist students to solve simple related problems

52
UNIT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE CONTENT TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES EVALUATION
Let students:
The student will be able to:

3.6.5 apply the principles of Guide students to distinguish between momentum and
conservation of linear impulse
Direct impact state and use the principle of
momentum to solve simple
conservation of linear
problems on direct impact.
momentum to solve real life
Assist students to apply the principle of conservation of
problems.
linear momentum:
m1u1 m2u2 m1v1 m2v2 E.g. Two particles A and B
(i) with masses 3 kg and
(ii)
m1u1 m2 u 2 (m1 m2 )v 4 kg moving with
(Exclude coefficient of restitution) velocities

u1 2i 3j and
u2 i 4j
respectively, collide.
After collision particle A
moves with velocity
2i j . Determine the
velocity of particle B
after collision.

53
 References

1. Additional Mathematics for West Africa by Talbert, Godman and Ogum

2. Core Mathematics for Advanced Level by L. Bostock and S. Chandler
3. Studymate: HSC 3 Unit Mathematics by Margaret Grove
4. Additional Pure Mathematics, Book 1 by Backhouse
5. Elective Mathematics for S.H.S., by P. Aseidu

54
YEAR 1
SECTION 1: ALGEBRA 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
SECTION 2 COORDINATE GEOMETRY I ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
SECTION 3 PROBABILITY I ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
SECTION 4 VECTORS I ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

YEAR 2
SECTION 1 CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY II ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
SECTION 2 ALGEBRA II .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17
SECTION 3 TRIGONOMETRY .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
SECTION 4 CALCULUS .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
SECTION 5 PERMUTATION, COMBINATION & PROBABILITY .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
SECTION 6 STATISTICS I ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31
SECTION 7 VECTORS II ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
SECTION 8 MECHANICS I .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

YEAR 3
SECTION 1 MATRICES AND LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
SECTION 2 LOGIC ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
SECTION 3 STATISTICS II ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
SECTION 4 MECHANICS II ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51

55