SChambler Nw vzed fon phvay þun þtne

ma'ktn (Ca-uu powe

Communi Cation
*Ka Amp Beuhyy
Speec h (300 Hz-3400H2)
Mespage Audo Se(20 Hg-20kifa) Ac
Pe- 2R Pe Pe ( mas
Video Signal (o-SMH n=PsB
PT
Modolahont low frequenay Jign Conuerdinto PusB-Rs e- Pc ma
mct) Cos2nfot high fhe4 4 *fomSingle fon inuodal
2 CMff)+ M Gtfo) PsB Pame mod 3iqnd
Advat tlmod Red heqt of aurttina mct)=Am Cos wmt
Maz
Meltplexing. Genwojed furumJlo 24 ma2
high a t
P's8 A Ka2 m(t mtt) Powen of Msg Signo
=

A Mo+s o
uavrferuwn Var in
adn9 td
Am fre pLae tk d onethey
uavefom wi4) dt
Ambltveo Marah ont St) Ac A Ca amp I K2Ct) Fon A Wa
LtKa mtIJoswet Ka Amp. Beuihhy ema
ma M= ka max Tm(4)Envelope =
Ac UH Kam) -Metbotrband d1qnal
t K )
Ama2
-E FOnA Wavt
matmax-Em. n ARcemant
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2 Ac i2 3T
ma Cundemod" J Ma1 Sido-band pouwen IG,
Cntamod? Stde band
StE A Coowet Ac mc Co tuet m)t HAe ma maCovenmgd
(o»lw-wm) t PowH Scuvng
ng PowUiSerel
Ds8-s A B 2fm psR-se To tal Powen

SSB-SC A1 Powu>qv h Pe 2 7.Poun

Bv fm SsB-s< Pa Ang) 2t ma
S wivy

SsB-S Xm Pown Sauin

VSB One ¥om ponhon od otn bend Kod PetPe ma" 2
=4 =7 Pouwe
W-fm+£ Peak Amp Ema Pc 4 ma
tma?
f trtm
Ac(4ma
Fon mJltHone msg8ignal
Fon band pau bandtuud
0n
Sqnal we need to d B 2k max faq
Spectsvm be Cauze we neod
eq ange mcdl= Am Co, 2n 4t t haueat in
Amto) 21f2f modulatnag Aal
44 e t maT
meaT= Vmatma
f n Ma
IT Mo
PEP A tm) Emx Peak ènv2 Ac Ut 2tma7 na2,VE=Ve |Hm 2 2
rA Co BSind= 82 (o (e toe mal\Gonwohon o DS8-SC
Ralanc ed Modulodo? HI)bet tranMto m
 pectoum du }
MaT aT VMatMa2

f 2tma 2
PeP A<tm) Emx= Peak èny2Ac U4 ma Genurahen q DSR-SC Hilbet trantom
ACc ) Ralanted Modulato 90phor hfke-n oheut change
Gnenn
BSstnd= R4B2 (o» (6 ton) AOtKavnctiJCout
n Amplhdude we
9et t by miltp bying
Squaa lc demsdvlatun Ghen dAM AM
LLel Modolata ASg t Apecd 6y 0M
VCeVNS nsbe
Ka
202 N NED8PF hveen' ACour oy fj
n ilben yrv
a2,aNLD Coell Atoiud AM yHl= XC4) j Sqn Gf
-

Am. deuntchry 0
Med datDA Cowt (-KamH
Swtehng mod. --8PF ScH) mt) (0»et mp tuup cl hul bet Kfem htl=_
+V.Ct)* fn 1 Cent Faqfe
8w-24m
Hlbent Kqun add stvon g evnodé
mt RM mct) Co»udt Mti Hun n y-fct1
Vectl= bt) VGH) ka aC aH) 8 t l
AlE-X)te
Co
are on Hhog each Phe
o

(2) Rmadulatu sSB-scAny Gnenrahon d

CI2 (Ru) mtCoy48o0^t eFlk Methad handd hau Sne
M 2f-24olt M(2ft%oo y
nveloe a
Delecbon od AM 9tt
/n
VICH)= ÞH) md) Sal= ReLsce(tl e
Squa law demodsako ACo.t
LFP|oloMo Snad P9Squanu q thrg tournungwy A Fn .8bueh t5ns BPP
on
N NLD Ccunke
ALAKmsl Jeywt Votl mct) Coswet
ghtt m 30 | H.lbe
Deleohon o OsR-Sc Phae
P
Syne woniou d. Fatn SsB-SC
SsB-SC mtr hty convol
Kamt) {2 w 0
ndeu ud y s9f
S.qna nellloet s
Sct P t de
(D)Envrloedetek Cyu
sUtect o phaue pht dn local öxll rn
SC= Ac Couwt t mldlASn Wt nd Cou
mtl
Reultan d Sidebund f
o Co wtColuwed t6) au collinaa
AmSqna c Vlcl= m A) Co»wt Co (wt t0/ ndAMCgunt, ml= Amsjinmb FOM
To aned dng Denodslahon ol SsA- Ssß ued Beech Syn aDig in

fon
Envrlope
dektvj
R hy
mcto0
2 2
Synchao no4 de tskon Cohehuut- oleksoy so In F0M metly yd. pro
MS S1gn onppeech 9n Aral
LKRC$2 DAuad nell #& sM L Cuu lo p t sqml, |
R f 9 ytleo
My no d BM UJeal»n
e

Cftcct rua shyt Hlbert ytEAmct VsB-SC fDM o qewaR: DS8-K

Coe tAw)t Xfeed Aun BPF uud to sen SsB-Sc
fon m4 yl4(o udDBeat elet Cambler nvelope Hence ovenaMthod
RC va-ma2 2 tln me hod tomb ned
cECtl: ttl jxa(t wd hnogh chand edsig
wgn Ma
xQt Coe}t d Auad comp of Baurd u nchdéeh .
siy

mod cluo uedl m

 .
JnpBM q DS8-SC
n

AM g DSB-FC f 2 d ke
2n
dact)
A2ANBFM nuslt H >de bunol X(wvt
FDM-)Anpl modototan penp. cachoh
Can on Rule
/
biptn- B osPF-(0DM2Stla A (o» (ut+(p)_ BW 2(4fmax tfm)
Ca
SE Ac Colwt4 Kpmt)J/ No-ef uy Stebkas
BW 2 Bt)fm
Sopby Phane
B NFMt (N-J) GB tStl Açlo, wt tBL Simwnt+Bz Sn a Bw-2nfm Ng of han -28B |
Us8iskt Cwv
Powun Cale" in NBPM
KRenge of bauc Gnoob= 6o ktg-I68K
FDM
fmeqvency Modulahon (FM Pe Ac? n-PsB te-R =1-P
4fract K mt) 2R
604Yn)Kr e
fe 6o44n)KH
fc= freg ued
Fon Singl ton, m|= Am(ojwmt
Rnge d supe grovp 3 2 K- 552 KHg
2 Afmax ke Am
f= 312448 Modulahon ndex BAfnar -fmAm
in fraq Mad in -
Angle Medolbihon m fm fint tme Zomo Coin lom aB»21
-wett
SAEAcCos
4Oaunml exp ef S4) Ac (o
Lwett 2t kF mcT)dtJ| neneahon o fWM
scH:Ac (o (w4 A-M S9nal(/Aqle moc Panamekn Vanahon Me hoel (Diruef Mlhocl)
Max Pha devuahon
hont modvla tdD
on 8 4^ o1 hme 4 m mar [2n kKe_mt) d+) CoT 2 Co
Feq dev" Fon Smg tine Ainutorcle Stl: Ac (o Swett 2nkr nt
fe+de -fe AQmax=B Volt Control o ullahu 2C
Ipt
neq fi fe +Af nd.veet Meho
Phoe ModulahoOn max lmGO m NBFM W8P
= KpmH
KePhaue zemhuy Tydn o freq MaN8PM8 PM modulahd B{*
nal8rm
2ens huy
ofmod hsn NBFM B<J ocepeukh e invak
kp Phas AM S19nad AcCow
WBFM BS
4 do kp dont| S(H1-AcCowt AcB (olwe-tt4 ReB (o tu,tuhl\
2N dt 2 Fm lo wt
Avgle ndKh XY)J
hA
, m(4=
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Afmax =
Fon wEM (RS) 2tB2
MadFnde
ho
Meaw o modulaP Swmt-1 n FMnoadcas c 90 MHz
mwh M9 Sig SGl Ac S Inl B) Co(Wc tNwn)E
Hma fon K p Aovfn Af }SKH3
B- 4fmax keAnfm

ke A
fm f-nsl=(H.(B)2,BlE1
Gnennathon d M1 2del BW NBFM=
AM Rero
 29 MH
SH)=Ac Co wt-Ae B(olwe-wlE4 AcB (o lw+&E Angle neelR Xn
Afmax= ke Amfm Hm41 Amlo wgt
ontA wn Smuary| N8FM f hAt
n B
-m B
Mandex
wh
Meawn ohou Fon may
Snwmt-1 wEM (RS).
2tp2 m(vachon-
Mq Siq ModulaR /13n FMbnocndcas fc 90 MH2
fon Snq tor
St Ac SnlB) Coslwct0wm)t
B-Ke Anfm f - 3Skz
|B ke Am) |-nBl= (J)'3.(B)2J,(B=1
Genunahon odFM 2ded Bw NBM>
Amm 3 thonq mehoon AM Recevvn No 3e n Anal eq Comm
Ch/s borom_Raoo Ro Whik No Be
Selechu lyFAblty f Ry to Belecf dind SnCFF
fLo
qncg u)et vnudanrol
RCC)=n S(T)
2Seuhyyt Ablty d Ro to peak weok 'gnalao
AF
OCal olar and ampuy Auto Cowrf of whuk nop
Fon FM brocuclcaM 3Fiedel.yt Ab.ty d Ro tomephodwee all Band Ho whe norg u?
tnq Comp dmod. 8qnal
B-4fact njn2
n2TUned RE -Df
afptnd
Sno HGSnj(f1No-nxB
Fan AM bnoadcas
Afhopto PsD
Aruo Under Psp= fout o»gnal
yay aoton Centen fruag
Demoddlathon of PM
(T)Slope detechon
Anehetno &'yne Rece
Supenhetnodyne RecevoT
Single slope dd"
Bal Sope odet"
(2) Phono dotero
Fatn Sely To Cal AG
Raho detecto
g
lockad loop (PLIJ1Image Re 2T LC
d 3 )Phane Oonly at RE 'B-
Yaf+ age
FM 4fo{ ml4/
F
PM dm(1/ JLo fREt faF
D a truq dey
/b si9ral fng dey"
.
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po
/ p daf
7f fuokfaF imqfRe-2f
4 frokfAF
fimg-}RF-4IF
Yp dfrfe
zmag Re hodro
o yat R2
e: ima tRE
diACn avManatu
RP fm
LT o
Denodvloton we e digUvmnodn ,wo Wob
FC
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Advantage d Dgita Communi Caton M-a

Samplng heonam Type ed Jombl.ng Swdth
Monhe lablCommunicoho0 as noipe effet m s B na band limd to Se h 7 Du
fm[Hg) Can be nslandaneou Jamblg
Mem 1elauble
ò n det" S Comm eany tormbleldy neac lonuC
nn t Samples 4aken at into x Natural Sam ng
eQyantzaron een
*B He te dqtu Com n 6
fs22fm on Ts ms4l AC mt4) TDun }uith clacs
Syn haon:2ahon neads n d Com Is
2m
Sounesav,
Disi ncode
hannel- Mad da
oden
mfm
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Band Hd-) No thaq hqluFlat top Semplq
Etketie repsd AA pUnty. mel -C mstt
o n eRiON
edono.aY de B SynchChanMd
MCt
Saun Pmos
msct
s MGf-nfs) HA)
2

0 une eceSDemadola
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Add exhra b
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whch nemovrd
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Soune oden to 9«f onq doada
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9 , 9na
het ols
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pin al l 4R Uzeleu no Comb
tho ambihde d»pHnhoo \ Ape7hwu_ e}tt
Soune entedent i m
dtt Rerery Mone no 7 M s Cfl= fst MEnfs'To asodd openhu Hee
n2-P FS
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/Coue 2) fs>2fm CovwrSop
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w h Modl" A 8 fs-2fm g ac=7,Ct)-20t) nlleH-Smciat)
(whout model)
rameny u Pnashea LP Can neevth synal F f2 N 2 1etleti):?iz r

Baband xm Co 2
dCou2 fs 2fm
fe2fm CCnuha
(trutical Samb) s 2[t/ztfn)
Sample tn(od fs<2fm (Unden Samp)
Caut 3 Mt-AG42 )4 --N fn
Alang eHect fs 2 max Cf4fz
DAnek h Dpn Ap yomet
Cont an"b deBCuk
Somplng of multiono mod sign! l *4) * X>4)
fs- 2xmn Efata--tn) elo
Block da Pcr PCM
XmH so |OoarzenEpcade
0dng-(onvent d.gdoda
fon TPM B- R R fut/sat -Fm
t 6 2xmox Lfi,fe-- fa) 1 TpM, i} Bw d sral not egvd
When paud mted emple hak
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Fmfstfm 24stfm HIx
Rece von ReCout 1 MS,
Thal
AA A Cat x
Nose
Chanl

Fon SM Wa Line Cod Blec Caleeuntahon d lh data, ine

antn 2ation SUnpola NRZ (A, oV) 2 Polan ÍA te- NRZ (
Medolah

A A hz"leud (9 polan R2(1A,0) enA)Unpolbn R2 (A, O Ts

SmA 2 xEncodng Seqwnce of .h ai ned to d}} aviat 1o
N
B ap}nex
On: ms .gnal SONR) d s : - 7 6 4 6 - o 2 N L2 Ranfs Rb uk a l

h Uanh 2ahon eiaT

benDit
modelahny SONR in PcM hno d b»h
ms9na
we dvde Xn
qn. 22 d u to Imporf d overalf
Procem quuhz"
by
SanNP=
ocwm
n this called
v 1 S I +2s1
nto no. d e 6lok @uunhun -T Aa Re
Snal dens by Signal
ncte
ed
9 m4)
-

Ma
(t) C o m p a n d n g

msq
i q
n a wtak -Tb/2 10ottoud dXmn9 ruct p
 fsz Fs) tfi2*
tn ftfm, 24 tfm
Recee HI xG
Node
P -Decode-et MS
Chanel
A A aat x) d daHj2f X F)
Janh 2aton Medolcuh fon SMe, Waw,
VA9nal Line Codngf Blechicane pouentafron d lh data
n.pola NRZ (A, OV) ? Palan NRZ( tA te-A
Bpolat K2(4A,0/ en-A,J Un1polan R2 (A, o
ec SmAns 32 2 leve
bounDit bth oH Ms q nal aphnox Nq xEnCodng Sequnce o bh auig ned to dff Avand tee
s9 na &anh 2ahon evna
SONRd6 J-7646-02N L 2 R=nfsR b rak
n thi Morem we dvide modulahny in PeM hno dba
qenbSnNR overal w u
Sanal nho no. c ed Called qowhz n y SgNR 2 2 0 clun to Impenf° d odqal twmn"Yo
oCu
pnote denu by bleek &vanhn 1 S I +2s1
ma (t) Compandng F
NGt odL= 2
m+)-
9- wak- Siqnal T/2
msq }igna Ymitng mect þ}9
A= VH-WL -Tu/2
Max qvanti" en
2 skR 7
powtn
fo squane
bnobotrona
ente
po Nyquimt shapm
Tmod o
wemMi
ulse houvng CU
esinal voltage it
mbol
o7
Tyeuanha SNR Compandeel
fcm S/M tI OtT6 Band
M duxe quniz
with
amlhole aralo 9 el n PerM
bighh expand Bw R
n
Compneu
and hen
n eaevUi
achal
PcrM Sm Comb A 2
S9 na

in Fo Zuo 131
and Umon ont BT
L 2h-L iel
P - R,)
=
L=2
Comprmer
locaed in PN
or on
quonh zn in Rectvej
whik xpender
un m quand2 Xm i e n to Spectrum
MRaxed Cosm
vanh 7 emenin
effehve way
cdwan e bhu" - 2 to t Compandng PM
A)= Erceu Bv
Roll o fackon
onge
mpmoe dnam Min Thon B
Quanthn Noge raho S
Siqna to bo ed _cog
StM dm
SONR- S'anal_powe
E f m ) f fm)
Qvant Noe Pou Nq S Non n o m enh2
B dzo Bmn R
F p n U n t u r m qvantn", 8 . q ( 4 , 4 CLomalng)
fo7 mn x Biock

s.9nhantfy Smal vanh2' SMAmb

e h312 d2mbokd
Alaw Conhandn*onu hwo ymmetrical neckarqoke?|
untohmly l o u s Comanday Sqna S tmasnaJlar
1A y AlMo AA
Ng- EL]=73 fepd
enon
y-log (4HMn) HInA
A

Ucnhz NoiPepowe7

Two untym) Trepezovded n

nnon " A Con vo
at
Sfal
Ng 214 a l l ms

NMNa, M Mg2 Shed ce

N nVN.
(Vn-VJ
M+M2 - (a6) -a46 a átb

,2,N To im 3NR
 Delt modvlaten t Sampling,tneg, 4 Sonphngnnwa H TF thi
M-ay Bigaallng
D large
toBu hq w u e M-any lqm7 Trame det t Aunb.hzn
dara tak Ro
Receve
Cende, dat a Slneam wh Encoder daklg
each 1t
np kadXmt bol3e wathrm fn
Sgar
we mgt tnt bho doth
Inte k 6t n Comhanuhon
Ma 2 fe pulsry in eaK PeaK valu
ou eleed
atesetrA
o M-y bd ne-e tse by tacft7 d log,M When mct)> m t) d4)>U
BeXBw Hed te Sed Siqnd dec by focbn hn dact|= t4
In o of PM sbeech encdn
4-amy P(M
Whon mot) < m) dt)Ka dg4=A balaney&ung tts¢2 Tha men
and dep atun
(J4) M-2K-)4:2-) K=2
B7 R Daawbackg inonuDn hopé
hapby then Slopt 01 i/P
'almos E wnut
2 lcy Se i nelahvty
OCcUn when 8k
Powen the 6yfat M Slope taqeHhen Skbe od lp oautom
Oveiloa Slobr Overload UP7
Fen 4 any PM even Slobe 0ve7load evon OccwrA when my
PcM (Dt polse tode Siqnal mct) Chang too fat end MG/
xPcM Sqnod cohmelated voice sAnd as thay
genalfy Med oneaeh Cunt ollow nt
w 0hy slope ovlcod wt
a r hhly To avoid Sinuyoidad
mtl=AmCoy
Can make ecDd nd Sngle fon
Kneoled ge qpa gample
Fun
Rnon
imt m, dinct)= -AmumSinunt -)|dlt|=Aoqum
Bampl Am o
Ck)=hm (k - K) Ts
in
Auanthz nose taho
nciat) D t t bchucun BvCcOMA amlu 9engna in
S$gnado
muth Anmal leon gumple valu thelf Hu þeek de lta modulahon Max
quantr"
tid ttng c1 x s.qnal nedoco Coniderably» Cae d delta modl
,

RE dtt bh" 0)
valu In q-tA
k We Con
mpnor hee by þned.cbog Val
pne 3ample olue
Sample fnom ncwlesyt Aunn Ng
h
Tun vale mKl on brudckd vale h Nq 42
ined
t mk) ond t n dtt
uould tr etven 8mall noiXe SM
Ng Pne
Pootl1
boude pmad
clot
Sanple 2
Amd
hds Called DI
fthov þou
Me dit b
Jurte
Tranamo
Recet 3e(fs
m adrS
(Nq)Pne
dtr) ehrjal m SM
u T Pned NgPeut

Flk
lo
Cae d þraet
takon nuatan fm
anfm and Crx VTH thon eme OckuM
fnoy longidencd
Ct noiAe
1 ounwYe
hot
Band orz tanpmiMor)
. lhiblrtin 10
modylae
 then 4
loe to mck) cLnd
Samplehs Slhov Caled DrM
ditt bhon AocueuT
hen Amadn SM
Ng pne
Na Post iky

Vransmto Recevn
K) dCk
unhe
daudmRM ueden SM
d uk) uTPneddel m lg Pne 80 fm
SM
NgPot
Pnd GjmaC
m Tn Cane d pract Hl-van
fm tan
fm SM
CUt ofl mq takan uat Ond Cra¥p VTH thon enon occutM
Band bag8 tranpmiMo) t 1 nolge Congidencd BfI
Time Divson Mulhplexn9 ehuuwe hot
we modylae
nbandþay dat
Ts NoT RNofs Cav acdnq fo drqita To Cf
0 baye band xwe mt
N-No. m »1, Blgnal wlhout modt" BW 2R6
evy
n d eb/ samp
nc
39n hor def BW Req fon bandham x
Jfallm
2(t)
m(t,
mal -
-

Meo data
tale fon r BW t fon ase Cosine heet " e RCAtok
Sln achevd 8w R (to)ma
f f \n]x"own MI
M n pnob
en
bt y: A T Eg T6
R Lfs, tfs2+ fsn) (TCIncot Cmprty Enny e
W s1min
n C2h42f2t -
-
Rfr
BPSK-D Phoye
chsunge ad"
data 8echón
o
Ac inany 0 St)=0, tz-0
o
Band uwdth B7=R 2
Nofs
change acd) to
'yt d- ENnqy 2 2 Cauwet==1(E aat
dathEU9y

BASK Am Conuellathon dita

hectrum qpven ect
11 Rased Coprs
No 711 Ponsent,
Abet SCtlE betE oC) So
hn fan (No to)fs
(td) R- BESKFneq pmnvEb
BT Nofs 11 a no tbadded(Lou f
e'cta ton
ekha on Synch Hne Tb= nlc mn dnt 6tud
b we Pe o Om.n t Dn i'j
anonch at end dwo sy mbo
m l BASK SGl= b4|A Coset
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20v_binouny 0/ R2

R [N(n+aJfs
nfonmahon heay
ano Gntoby
synchhnvo PE"dnboln BMB olb_pnobo-
B1ock dia9 TOM
S y n c h h o n NR2 J Pen:1F Pylx
h. te wE Amovnt o nfo. amo u wh x; dekma
t l u l dtonmp Jolnt Pnol
Rece 1lea
E o - H E H O A

DecAen Aedong
makn
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Jont

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Aclaiu CJcunt dec.t on Hnley
HA
8inay Sym. C
ofComm=
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Spead 1 I KPu) then
ae
not A
Ms fre
VVeAct.
all HcFT{,,/sy - fsns
4 2 ndep then Ot
e d ofcommutcda 2
d of t e ( 1)47tu
 nfonmation theary anok
Gntopy o pnobo brluly
Amovmt o Info. ano wh xi den
LPyn=[Pxym Py/2l JmaN
1loga( Joine prob Pox,yl [PoxiJa PLy/al
2 Und bsH
y7| *Aeldng tolumowize gves prcb O
C c unt dect on Hunley tn Joint pnob mahiy
Phoporbes ai2 Adelin now wMe G nob
in goy
V' n1t PanP) the Bina Sy mm. ehan Only two i
Jail _ two 0P
IHE AC 14 a, s Z indeb then Hx)= 2 P)l0g, P Only _0x 1 Can be Xmkd

Avg info. 07 enbopy

Conle hqnod 1 M
M
HCX P)los b yty/x- P,y}) log (yi1s;)|
veld
)
T Phol
achn d 2 Hy2 2 P,yi) 032 [P(m/y)
Po,) l092 UPlu)J
Condthonaenopy
a l l Symbols tquipnobable H,y) PM,V;) l092 LPyl
PM,1:Pl)= PlMml: J
M 3oint eahropy
ebt chounnel
Max HCxl= Avg Untetuniy
entropy HY/x) Avq Untent alt chanwd o} fk nud
Raqe .ofp hecad
entropy 0LH(X) < losM
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