Biomad dsibuho Beta func+o

Probab:lty and staa Prob hpnng d evut r Hma in n' tralls

Tson theony 0f de 6 R C -Ne dtalp hapbton, 4= nt sos
Sum
S v me
p
to
S
9 Meann Vecn nsStd. dei eilnbq
N2
Mox Svm I 2foipplon
lhanon
dphbotorm
ey Jmall_and n iy lerge nough Co xd
dce C6=12 2

m
dte
Plo): SUCeM naho
m= Mean e d3
Na o
Expected Vale (meanl and vaT O pOMT Ray aru length ib
Cond (Playingad meen y a n m app. eg uadj
Nonma d4mbuh
lotal no. d d s : 52 ftnl= e2 fon c bhm.e dstmbobrn fon lorge valmn
length
26 Black Su 2 [8 spades ond 13 Cloba
D26 Red Sut C13 hea-h and 3 damonea
=
H Mesn Std desoo and h ne.Mu'} hon'q'n vwy dima Polan tonm
Total ne. fate Condp 12 P(XSz): dx
L

Mtually exclusve tvnh+

K, 4 Auan,4 JackpJ
=

ke Gi Nowal d-st,dp ymwnehic abaot Th mean (n dlpo neffvred

ocWente o anyone event ap Crcuun r'bý hon_ Ond hel) shaped diutont e CwhR Vector o
bhe OCuunce Exonenhal dmbu huh Thnee dmen
Dt BmUhiallyecluzitPAnR=O
nde pendent cvy Ocuent o one ee 7b tho A68-27y gS-4Y 7 Aecfon Pod
Pnola.y 0oher evt 9973 7) Meaas
ThHoung huo d«e, nt A 4 in fut dce and event Meon Avg Vale dente doa * Stol dav CoplanaM
8 face3 n second ce hue bofh áu tndep not metuly Medvon t Ceaql em ,Mode)at occJMLd dotaa eneal
exlu r(An8) PLAJ P(IB)| alu andI
OLeMetn
Ty d MdkK itnod
Cendtona
Cond.tional nobabiby
PG Phob.d9 vnt 5 wn:fa abuay Eepec ed pene ul-PoyMed
RV
ata )=
hapbe R- 1t gv
PlE2)= PCE,0 MSV F=pu d MAle c

PCE2) D1hE)=
RV 32 Pu) dtat
Bay'p Thenen A ) PC8;)PA) VaCX= MSV-(Men Lalouen lto od me C
B ETok frel,
Mao dg
2P08:) PA) Var.cM e
f n e of mel.
ckus
Ka wadhh m e d class e Fon CveY.
PCE,UE2 UG)=P(6)4P(G)4Plg)-PGnEs]-P(G nE2)-P(6.g)HrGDGEs) Cnelahon
E ) C u m . fney sp h elasi Dlnechcm
Std
Stdddeu GuVatu peted d.no modn clay AMax
roF of RVif
Pn obabily
danAyfunchon A Cao ftm alle
ondfu) dn = 1 Meon Eu+4Ae
Mode data/ Vule od vaun cui7
ng at Gvad.
Fo gn 9nupel /Madr:t - k7 vt
frob. d b u r o n t) f 2fi
i- dta - louwen I
d ela Cont me
a(b
2 : V VaM KS2e d model cla4,
it F:heq F Fne afk7 mod«l c lay
Ftui F
modal C lay

Prapt d Gopectahon e Fneq beforu modol c lay

Colononte
E Cc)C, Ci Cot
|CCx)= Cêtx) C1« Cont
Meaune slmoltaneouM a cahbn behwe en Ottove
Covnl fnmh mcan 40. an Y and A Calee Covanade Onnv d
 Meon
fir dfoad =1 clt
Fn
Mad 2F-f
arbuhuh
itaWb 9tM) F = fi 9npe
dta = louen I d cla
Kan farp os oedne a 2 V Van
-Tfi KS7e d model cla
F r e afkr mede
F Freq beforu m
Propt od Gupectahor Colonance
ECC)=C, c Comt Meune d 8lmoltaneouun ahtn behven
X-Mx Dev" of VanX tnam h mcan | CCX) C Étx) , C1n Conit Laned. a1X ond y i lalleel Covanance
Reg um M| M:Dow deT y ron ih Menn My axtbk aEt)t b, a2b lown, and wn1fen: aCov CX4H-
RegneCn x- s (y-g)
Exty)= Ecx)4 Ety) 1t X_ad ae huo R-V wth nesbehd rerlus
E-Y= Eix)-EKý- Etxl aidFLY) han
Propt q Vo1ance Cov (X, y) Ecxy)-Ecx)ECy)
VCc)=0 ,CA (ot
on x y-y (1-T) Rank cf connl' alwcuyp len Hhun equl b1
Vcax à2V(x
VaXtb)z V(axltV(b)= aV(x)
Ale bh" huo xMode 3 Med tun 2mea
d./4)/lata2 Van( aX + b\y): a'/x)4 bvey42ab (oV(; Y Cov two Indeb var 1 eq vad o 2eno
Integ toal
ond
Some frM d dE"dffeeshal Caleolu drlntul+C d » Inlartb)+C /"du=a
a t * n udu= nu-XtC
di-n da"- a loje /Sn cluz-Colutcftouedu= Sint l0g,1 du=u leja
Ateeeuelus-lnfcieleh tC
*seeuduz ln (sect tuna) tc | * Cotusln(Sinut ( lo fan x du loyee M -(oty +C
du du
=
le un(Tt sendu=onx£secutrn * floerm Ghudu-(oecLC
dtanul Sec 2 S ecxfCL
=
dtotx) -lcsec y dccyx|=toseeu (et1
=

olec -Su tanu,ds.n>)

c
d
c Haisd = 1

2 4- l * ln(X+/ x4a)+c d= lolutvxeaa) tc

De

dec 2N3
Defne In tgeafton *NaaW duVa-+ashh 72) *Vcdu=a 1 Sn
D . t b F(b-f(a) * Me t)
atn hcdu- CoshxtC* cohnds SnhtC tan hudy= * ln ((os
it f(-uEfrulj emf" sechndu: ton (Sinhu)fC|*/c hudu ln (Jn hulC hr)4c|foechudos Intan hz) 4C
fuldu= fiuld ,
odd f"
if fl-ul -frul; 4gSnbudu &snbu- bta bxfC*e tobuduz e(aco»br
4bS inha) #c
2a
if fl2a-)
if = fr)
fl2a-0)= fru) Im hendt OF defne inkgaly Cu-
d={2/fud
fun f2a-x) -fx
-aldr
u4ful du»7flatb N2 S
ful
duz n7ftud
fru)
X
sdcos hda ((n3)
hn-2)(n4)
d-sy-3yae
dufradb-/=

b nl
ufru
g n
ddl e= / 4 - t d e

omvA
dt2
(Si cos xdx =
(m-(m-3)- (na) n3) k
(mtn)(mtn-2).
--

d dyel
d+ |syo-yol O
kTa ilm n
ohudMe
ew
 Beto fune hon B{°(m,n dehdby|
neth Blmol cm-ads, (m) o, n? 0)
s&to xdr= \(rmiT(4
2
6+amm f o detrad y

2Tmint2 *Sund Pa-TayT = VTinl J! Tp{ T nfmo TJ=2 n

ato
Anea unden yx 8 iey i8 3
* rolan fmn = i o y>rain9, dudy= rdrd @ |
dipt Tini2)2
2 I (mtn) Vol of nevol"
length aio Kncn
a g i Abt uan V= J x A b t y oxip V =T
eng h Y fu) necutcahon Propt LapleicetNt Abt+ ne (B=b -a
Abt line
htdt= H(ss=o
valnn lengthC+ydz
Pola fornm
d
EeF(9ds CsnatultH= =,*(oatut)T
e-alvanto)99
Cnesi an: f[fdu dy da
1effores
pooble inlegral fM, y) dudy Tople ilrl ted Cylmdrea = [rdrdo dz
Vecton Calwlu O Hhogo nvEn Panalel c n sphoncal TIl#snBdadedo,
Thee dmennonas nod al posibon vebn| .Bo p 0-sd
á u t y t zá2
On hononmal
R. B-03 IAl=|B-
BKAP
Anea oA
A Anea
De opiatd
$calan nadvet od tovn vecFon
Nechn PModuet
hrea eehy tax(br)= (a2)6 -(a-b)-C -(kd)=ca2\E.ai-(a-al(bc Cnoss prodvt (VxA CyHI
CopanaM aBxC)-0 then , 6, copalanar Divenqence P Dot brodvct Fen V V fo
cV = V E
k fnod
nolet
enea gnad
02
V
F=0 thes Fa* 47 Cuhl F=o hen Feiid p3 agkatrnal
divFàF ò2 +E3 30)enohdal vechh|
a,1it
ia11t Ra d,
V.(VXAJ=o

S fAtay ld1aven 0y o d nyddvivainve

Key poln of A is
Diveng ehce of cunl of i
2ero ie

zO
divCoHI
CUMl (9Mad b)=
0,
0, VX(VØ)=o
A)=
Ey]2ludy
od medC lay i a o d g hoo av a y Valw o
Tmad gven u Mae ef chone
(
Di
Cun) ogrucdent
engence_q9odent of
V-(T)E V26L
dv (9red o ),
Avelme A
Y2sdy dz
taene
VL
Sufuse GdlSVMtace Cloy er 2 dz
Line Clçae 34I A
OoHng al eH Vcton i^ w1o
ned c lass e Fon evely h= gnadb
e cla XDn echen
devaht qhad d-d
DD =
Sunpace ingral I P.da ={f F. hds,
=
9Madp) G1aJE Divergenca Theane(Srt vol
1w cla1 M a x valw q DD =
(9od o )
cedoScala quannyT
of vur dCur y.V)=f(V. V)+ VVfJ4
hal
) R / V C f n)
fiy. -
clo ed hne p Open Juthace imeg d vecf Gunnbky
3t0ke Theonem Onlyval,d pn Clos ed
Bunface nkegal d»vgknce haf
f-F
F-
en l d clar tenf t f ( = f '"r)+2 ftr
meb
CCUn The onim) R Fds=JfCom(PJ.ds

yk4
ua fe Volume
v-3 i
integhal
uty+2K
C loed Unt vrcUH_at Argle aqVa uh
1n
heom
dmodel clay ACcond.n o ptokes Fen AV2 to te enhog V V2=@
af kr model c lay
ineq hal"of vahn anhy tgoa oPp =(Sin)au + (tos a y
c la
6efore mbol negmalqCunl q that tefon 9vanhty V2
Drttoen hal Calculus
between
fhal dt *^E DH" eju^ conan n9 Unkawn moltbvan A thein pat derlabus eqrOE
Fvpehon homcenom Second ondui Genel
oeched rlelu
Llnen
e" wh Coat Co<t. Z f yyl
di
Z y) =0
0ne deb i n d i Vaj aedy, + d + azy Euln hotahm d Homo7: e
of onden n A degnee
Vn able
a2 eal onut °
e to111 192 Oo, CF Fm ho*
each of th"A MdxtNdy>o
/yC(omt Snl" i : - n t a,x"fa2x°4 t any' de dN Non ead
 Ond vteHon 9ucnby 9 '7
dta
- lowen I 2--F)
d ciar tontwmel VG(5)) =
f'"is)+2 ft) 3tOKe Theonem 0nly val d in clA ed hne
CCun The onim)
by
Open suHace ine hal dP.d=f div(Pud
F S d mode t Cont wreb. echin Guanb
Pd =JfConi(P).ds e U face Inkegnal d divgiknce ed H
las Fney afk7 medvl c lay A CcOndng atokex heokum Cloved in
Yeme inteq al
e
Fn¢g befors m v h n qwanby egval to oben unfea niecUH_ak Angle q 4 uhh yw vanth uty 12
Nanal di (r=3 i
nec Uiq ahbn
behuen DELuien hal Caculus Cunl Hhat veefo 9 vanhty
Calleel Covamce Pontal det eq" PDf ¢
R-V wh
nespeckd
funh dt *F DiH" eu^ coaka.n ng vnknawn
fugehon meltbven thin pett denaavst 4 y 0 dy]=debend ven wnd_ruo
['sX-X lo
mone nde on
v

ialu
lnen hom oenoM Secod onalen aenenl eq rOE ntl-X)
cxy)-Ecx)ECy) |0ne nde. Z}(y) dilt e hCat 0 Co<f. Z-ftuyy
Vaiable ula adeb Va1
ae dy,4 dy4a2y =0
alweuyp len huun equl o D d42 udy ydn
( ) neal (out Eulens Kmetarm Homog e
2mear | w/y=i«mtdy tod o, , 2
CF (Fm homo es||ecdh H he of onder n .1f degrte
V a i eq va to 2ero Sol is : Rm in y ej val o Mdxt Ndy0
l e t m, m2 be heotl q e Fyl ao a to2 + - -

fany' fi dN DNone
nudu= xnu-ztC day t y 0 aom aym t92=0
CoLte 1) m, M2 neal drnhnct fy)P)Non egact DH+ ea"
duulo1 AtC Heeahd a
: geX4Coem2x Euler He MdutNdy=0(M#aN)
toeeM olue-(otx+ Ondent Max no o tme dttenunhubon ament in Cone 2)) m,ma Mea equa Non exact homoy. e'
toetu etvdu--toecxt dHenha egvahon hun dy+y3y = nu
Deg e t fowen d hiqhut cdnuhe afk nemovng
tqn and fraohon. C S.mDsmm, Fon MdutNayso ( M
hes
CF: (G AGY43g)e Ded fnam evlery
02| Hen eSY)dy
A dlenhed ecatRxMt|
D2 Ccue3)) m:atb , M2=0-br TFMIN
YIF =eXct frm
K S Uutwik adet bvF Con
exstt wtcut hwk degrc
(GCo» bu t C2 S1n bn)
v 3 Pw
non ekcet

Uneam,, Non e an »E | Coue 4)) M m2 ane Svnds (at VE) devv. |

i MdutnNdy=o
Dependendt Van 3 tH Coeet ocn only n fat degra and
a net multpled togehun Called lDE
:e CC (o)kJbc +Gsnhvtx/Euli, ihen fen 2d yfy)dut *tMy)dy2o
Po d t 6 d t d t - Pnsdy t Pry = A TF
dan gLuy nfLLD MI-N
fo,2,2-f and au ethor owt on f oc inddel von X| 0y+0y-+D°yt =(hr
A dt e 1 No lnean it
*t> dejnu imonu hhen ong Dit coef huM oulur mahu Hon1 Tond onda dtl du= Veau
HC|0echudr: Inlten h tC Unean, on hamo. Corlaxtb) Gne 4) lhen
Caxe 2) «ul=
Phod dontan dep vn ¥ cdt oet aa peue
Tiwo e d Sol t d y tazy» dru Catb) P : e V =ea, V
(t Panhtwlen sol Co fC0) fDta)
(o tutbl/Sin(amtb/
v neal
a (o»bx+bSinbx) +C Ne b.ny pahs "ualu to ambloay leut *d ,a2 Pl
y
Co eval t'orde
innel Cout eqa oSol is Y CF +RI.
Ctlcpf P2
O Snat b/ colamtb Cawch L-D.8

BaA dtE eq heh

Saluh
8olu hon
on Cae 1 )when
orul: eX -a)
Pnovneel f-u);0
yao dta,
dx2 xdy tay Q(
Duf eq
Sepo d venatle
dy C Pa e , pnanded fealfo a920
w dut 2 fra dake?/
u uydx fatulgalpdhee
nobt
Cnals i} /al:0
(ais
aSP navtob Dy D(D)
y=Syy-Syoy LintanPtly oxd f e f0 fta)
ral =Oo
unel so, 0n
S Qx)/ (y.I-F / . (TF) dxtC Aqvi fals il
Pa
earf"(aldo 8o on P [f(oJ"| Wheneve in
quuhon (o1
= S yo-yre) M4, dut
Nyy)dy0/Mdr +/(on d
N ncd G fO)
Ek-f0)J"n atend.ng
nhd encl bon On
and als0 xl
S(E) 11
www d =
d
ytov
pwen D appbly om houn Ae betient |inven
laplace
Homey. eq"
dy1
Pot y=V dy -Vfud trannm
Aluw ve ep u
 D i c g e t t SkuoSymm hmemix hult e
ZAno

Comblex Voya ble Rudw at nema Sng pf

Cawchs htorum Hhuu y no heg þ o t Matr Diago AU elt except leadng dgg ett
t221= 4 f21 aadyh n 20 rm H xnBaxP hen ABmre ho Mtn gen Valuyz
FOlH(ont ey btu 2o (iAlo 0 Mn n0 o Zeto in ducq Root e cls eq" [A-A1
e-toy
in
oelt m a
2920 ( ma b
Na. of mult = mp)ns mpn
pt u l o f ade" z mp(n-)ABW
od drclen n
i hco)
Fr2) da 0 ReAucdu at uenha g duaqlafA lg)x duag ( , baa)
O VPAy =12 ,2=e s beuerod 4AMKn NKM doq Ca,by , g ba, ipi3 Protqhqen Valu en ({s hov
onty val«d
only Clae þom*
valed hn Cld
po(2-zo] Hen 22 i (ASI= BA) Vel ot ma
eiea=1 Z=1Z1 i e Imede ue R Ka el eALenhal s
f2i=loct c
pt
tr(RG)E ts (Al-ts(8)|
Symmmmt Matak AT A
S9. Maix han,A tA',
AAATA eval ot mourk uwheze
Co64in®= (ojn 8 tiS.nN Ccwch'y thkghl forunlou trCBA J bGh trtA I A
y onnupal,
Mak colled èlrace qma
d bry
Cond fon Gnalyhe_func hon uSmpl pote 20 lves lnide 06lened 6y|
Minan o et one AAAA AB wo syag mu
2pole
Contowr ft2| Meneeing t Hcw Skewynn AfB AB BAJym 2dFAtdz td3= Trao of
2 d2:2TiKf(alven n e colunn frem 37 Me Skew SumM
(2-a f Fczl 4 nchaayh Cu eql fun Calt oac AT= - A,
AR-BASKew SyV Pnocluet oeqen valu o7
Fonmahon q anodyhe " LMlhple poles
n ivMen Conpedr Aesual to det. d mah A
f2EUtV de
Cineat esrno
hun 2 Synm any whch 1 bo Ai Adz dz =\A|}
|f:2) da=2nix CAJ={ 06anao
YRc : 3 20 Skew ymm sy P
Ma Ahn hem. mamx eutny al Real
Thema (2-a Trupeset
(n-Ldz0J20 KA-SKew Symm *+ A2-- dn egen valus dA h
efen
me rho Tnkch tc (olurnColaefon of e lT| J4 A,8 Skew Sym ABBR > Kuy e
CR eon polan fwam RB +BAS Symmeme
Clockwu dan-ve De Fumnan cunoc bY KA KA kd2 -- kdn
AUR 4A T U (t,0) t iv(r, 8) AT=IAlLA LBEIA BI myt ) 4
*A At RTJ t CA AT A A,d2, dn
Eyh uav Anhcockwv d tve
AT1A IKAJ= K°A 1bCi=(-D M 4K7dtk, d2tk,03t*dnt K
fz Non qn Sngmanp a ntoq mam T f d9 Ggen Valu od gnhoy
ln ThRajrdve_Pheanem 0pmdoy
Nondf o detueinkeneuX [om2,d
E FoEle2 M/2 zesjolany"| tuo colcn| AkontTrambl
ain FOHho9. Fhi
mah =
ve CC Hrmhu invegnd *pe 1Eign Vale o symm Mahn eal
F2dz 2niRes (2) Mam onhoyonal
On boles nd° A AO d e m . n'y|G9en valw d skuw y M ehun þu>uly
osi4Jlu (i2solakt pA silantu Þort Adj AJR= A (Ad, AJ |AIInS Kew hemhun
= 41In= I tma On zeno
PUpt CEt o 98 (u7 t
tandyhc h
o condy L. doje Ad:(ABE
Ad Adjée)-Ad A
CAB Adje8-Adj AJ AA deuEd skes h
Avdyhe alC6ut heqnbounlnood anodytrc Cayley -Hamulton fhoe / ) ow
Co'k k)coq Cotl=f¢2
im
ARI=R-A Evey S9. Mahmy Bah1hu
Callahon d Ruidu ton-tann 2 922Yn, AU dag
bhenb elt phoulel bt Carmlaa per SA eq
Polep (ale|^4(2) Denom=0 Removable Ainquar hyh A not denal InlawrunAT=
T) (A lou
wntay Mamy A8= 1.
A A8=2
A be nxn mamy Hun 1l C
2 pel cat Se 2a bot L fzl egi Hen 4mgulaiAA- A A =I| ) Unuhuiy he aa a,A4-- tan 0
C Z: a, b,c 9 Simple pole a 2-0 1 JuMo Sn
q f(212 Sn2 Ct2-0 IFA
Ad,CAd Al= A1A i hanup)e anc tne alio uniton Thn Accohdng to
Caylel Ha
UZ:, C - (n buu) Mulkl Po Essenhal singuonu Al= * IRITAB= aoA4aA - ta,
aunSees (2a) a f ~a) t fntly defan Ad Al A| AKA Kpenbet 7nei/6gen, veckors
Res2 20 L2-41f(21 a 3 4 Cou 220 1 ljenai /1u 3
( Putoct
Ahn +t mabix A ho
ue hat non-2eno Vec f X
Re 2-0i 2 (2-al tuy a a A A07 CA-4I) Cx]=0
1 F e 1 doen't epijt
A), KER |Zdempakat R pun ma
mahy
294nhn 2a
+It f" ftz) anadyhe atal
(KAJ=K°*(Ad Prop t o Ggen vechu
huwdue TaylonU Nlopoknh A^=6/
IdeC (wm Cenku at s+ a 3 Rhn at eah
*AO pou eq"d mean no
eche au
Coett 1 (2-al, n ex peun on d H P* 2 nude C_
t-20 + enhble AB BA Zn lunebuily deb
f2)= fean +2-a1 f{alHa
Auudu F e a he þff
Hig ampedonee Blglt=oben Cmcut
tsv
Snenu Covnea Durn Mgd3 reh
A
3 bt Grey - Gnd B wll Ge
wn4}osee 2R ountneAti Couu 9,7La
 JRTIRT GH S ny- -* l0g0471*
(Hx)
e_u-x-xt42
J4nYf
xtopt leadng de_ alt tu:41 nga4 n(nd| (n2) 3
gen Valuz Nonmalaed Eryen Veony Magima and Minma Ba4 o alwlu s NMNT
in oicg Roet c/s eq" (A-A1
LJh fu
lah,]xl: vo?/12
xdag (, b, 9en valu qA CHD x-
Propt hqen Vely an (/s Root| Noran. eiyta Vechen| X:
X =lqun Vec Z-y
iq en Velu o mutix Ix leph d egenet slum
h0
Ha-h) -fa)
Sem, y dy2|
AT= A AA',ALA eqval fo hace c Mot whut Rank of Ma d
RHD Peal VHat-
hx hen AtA SMa dcq of Ohden hghet eneluy
vunah minen hon
lu fua
Sym
y Max Called race mahy Rank o mame I max no mdep Hou (olm
AB two Syn nute 24)Atdg tdg=Trae k emme A y n d lnecalydet tolnRew felm flathlfca)
ARABABAJSymm Mamx Popuiy tRonk f marw dotut 9-0 th
AR-BASKew ly Pnodwct egen valu of Xenmaten
change tyelenu-dey
A equa te det. d mabr A ecAJKmin (Row lolumn li dt-s?>0 ) 2t hon exkrmm dtkeuntnon els bot lonf
MAhny whch 1 bol
CAB) mn LeeA),e(B 0 ) M.nimum i Rolle MVT+# ftuje Ree
ym) &ymm B
SKu um
Nuil mamk
Afen hem. mahiy euey csen vel Real KoMeLkLmg (afil Cont Lab-J
ymm Kwsymn
+ A,42. -dn egen valu f A H CATA)- (A A)= e(Al =eLAT) -S?e ) No
6) f i d1ff (a,6)
local exham
Symn AB
-BA J eValu d A

Bzame 0xde me fce fb)ua Celay

hun
AB+BA Symm
mc
A KAyr kAp kAn neom. ink-p
eCAAB)<eA)+ ecB) e(A-B)>CIA)-eC8
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