Sub netting a Network
Sub netting a Network
Sub netting: Sub netting is the process of dividing a single network into multiple smaller,
logically-defined networks (subnets). This improves network performance and security by
reducing broadcast domains and optimizing IP address usage
Subnet Mask: A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that divides an IP address into the network and
host portions. It is typically expressed in decimal format (e.g., 255.255.255.0) or CIDR notation
(e.g., /24). The bits set to '1' in the subnet mask represent the network part, while the bits set to '0'
represent the host part.
Sub netting is the process of dividing a larger network into smaller, more manageable sub-
networks (subnets). Here are the steps involved:
Network Troubleshooting
Network troubleshooting is the systematic process of diagnosing and resolving issues within a
network. It involves identifying problems, determining their causes, and implementing solutions
to restore normal network functionality.
4. Verify Configuration:
Check the configuration settings of affected devices, including IP addresses, subnet masks,
gateways, and any relevant network policies.
6. Review Logs:
Examine system and network logs for any error messages or warnings that could provide insight
into the issue.
8. Test Solutions:
Implement potential solutions based on the findings. This could involve reconfiguring settings,
replacing hardware, or adjusting network policies.
INTERNET FUNDAMENTALS
Internet: The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that communicate using
standardized protocols (like TCP/IP). It allows users to access and share information, resources,
and services across the world. The Internet supports various services such as the World Wide
Web, email, file sharing, and online gaming.
Extranet: An extranet is a controlled private network that allows external users (such as
business partners, vendors, or customers) to access certain parts of an organization's internal
network. It extends the organization’s intranet by providing a gateway for authorized users
outside the organization to access specific information and applications.
1. Functionality:
Switch: Operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) and is primarily used to connect devices within
the same network, allowing them to communicate.
Router: Operates at the network layer (Layer 3) and connects different networks, directing data
packets between them.
2. Traffic Management:
Switch: Uses MAC addresses to forward data to the correct device within a local network.
Router: Uses IP addresses to determine the best path for forwarding data between different
networks.
3. Network Type:
Switch: Typically used in local area networks (LANs) to connect multiple devices like
computers and printers.
Router: Used to connect different networks, such as a home network to the internet.
4. Data Handling:
Switch: Operates by creating a MAC address table to efficiently send data to specific devices,
reducing unnecessary traffic.
Router: Maintains a routing table to determine the best route for data packets, facilitating
communication across different networks.
5. Broadcasting:
Switch: Can create broadcast domains, meaning it can send data to all devices within the same
network segment.
Router: Creates separate broadcast domains, preventing broadcast traffic from one network
segment from affecting another.
2. Cost-Effectiveness:
Switches are generally less expensive than routers, making them a more budget-friendly option
for connecting multiple devices within a local area network (LAN).
5. Scalability:
Switches can easily be added to expand a network by connecting more devices without requiring
significant changes to the existing infrastructure, making them ideal for growing networks.