Web technology unit 1 notes :-

What is hypertext and hyperlink ?

Answer:
Hypertext
English:
Hypertext is a text that you can click on, and it takes
you to another page, document, or website.
WhatsApp Language:
Hypertext woh text hota hai jise click karne par aap
kisi aur page ya website pe pahunch jaate ho. Jaise
"Click here" wala text jo dusri jagah le jaata hai.

Hyperlink
English:
A hyperlink is a link that connects one web page,
document, or file to another. It can appear as text, an
image, or a button.
WhatsApp Language:
Hyperlink ek link hai jo ek page ko doosre page se
connect karta hai. Jab aap kisi text, image ya button
pe click karte ho aur wo aapko dusri website ya page
pe le jaata hai, toh usse hyperlink kehte hain.

Difference in Both Languages

English:
• Hypertext: Clickable text that takes you
somewhere.
• Hyperlink: The actual link that connects pages.
WhatsApp Language:
• Hypertext: Woh text jo click hone ke baad aapko
dusri jagah le jaaye.
• Hyperlink: Woh link jo page ko doosre page se
jodta hai.

Example:
• Hypertext: "Click here for Google."
• Hyperlink: Jo Google ke page ka link "Click here"
ke peeche laga hota hai.
Q2) What is web page ,website , web
application , web browser ?
Answer:-
1. Web Page
English:
A web page is a single page that you can see on the
internet. It contains text, images, videos, and links.
WhatsApp Language:
Web page ek single page hota hai jo aap internet pe
dekhte ho. Isme text, photos, videos, aur links ho
sakte hain.
Example: Jab aap Google pe search karte ho, jo ek
page khulta hai, wo web page hai.

2. Website
English:
A website is a collection of web pages that are linked
together and have a common address (URL).
WhatsApp Language:
Website ka matlab hota hai bhot saare web pages jo
ek dusre se connected hote hain aur ek hi address
(URL) se open hote hain.
Example: Facebook ya Amazon ek website hain
kyunki unke andar bahut saare pages hain.

3. Web Application
English:
A web application is a program or software that runs
on the internet and allows users to interact and
perform tasks.
WhatsApp Language:
Web application ek software ya program hai jo
internet pe chalti hai aur jisme aap kaam karte ho ya
interaction karte ho.
Example: Gmail, Google Docs, ya Facebook ek web
application hain kyunki yaha aap kaam kar sakte ho.

4. Web Browser
English:
A web browser is a software that helps you open and
view websites and web pages on the internet.
WhatsApp Language:
Web browser ek software hai jo aapko website aur
web pages kholne aur dekhne mein madad karta hai.
Example: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, aur Safari
web browsers hain.

Summary Table
WhatsApp
Term English
Language
Ek single page jo
Single page on the
Web Page aap internet pe
internet.
dekhte ho.
Saare pages jo ek hi
Collection of
Website address se judte
linked web pages.
hain.
 WhatsApp
Term English
Language

Software on the Ek program jo

Web
web for user internet pe kaam
Application
tasks. karta hai.
Software to open Software jo aapko
Web
websites and websites dikhata
Browser
pages. hai.

Q3) Web Development Strategies ?

Answer :-

English:
Web development strategies are the plans and steps
you follow to build a successful website or web
application. These strategies help in making a website
fast, user-friendly, secure, and attractive.
WhatsApp Language:
Web development strategies matlab plan aur tareeke
jo aap use karte ho ek achhi website ya web
application banane ke liye. Isse website fast, user-
friendly, secure aur acchi dikhne wali banti hai.

Main Web Development Strategies

1. Planning and Goal Setting
English:
Decide what the website is for and what users
need.
WhatsApp Language:
Sabse pehle decide karo website ka goal kya hai
aur users kya chahte hain.
Example: Aap ek shopping website bana rahe ho
ya ek blog?
2. Responsive Design
English:
Make the website work properly on all devices like
mobile, tablet, and desktop.
WhatsApp Language:
Website ko is tarah design karo ki wo mobile,
tablet aur computer sab pe acchi lage aur sahi
chale.
3. User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI)
English:
 Ensure the website looks good and is easy for
users to navigate.
WhatsApp Language:
Website ka design accha ho aur use karna aasan
ho.
Example: Buttons sahi jagah ho, aur users ko jaldi
samajh aaye website kaise use karni hai.
4. Website Speed Optimization
English:
Make the website fast so it loads quickly.
WhatsApp Language:
Website ko itna fast banao ki wo jaldi load ho aur
users ko wait na karna pade.
5. SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
English:
Use SEO techniques to rank the website on
Google and make it easy to find.
WhatsApp Language:
SEO ka use karo taki aapki website Google search
pe easily dikh sake aur log use dekh saken.
6. Security
English:
Add security measures like HTTPS, firewalls, and
 protection against hacking.
WhatsApp Language:
Website ko secure banao taki wo hacking se safe
rahe. HTTPS use karo aur firewalls lagao.
7. Testing and Debugging
English:
Check the website for errors and fix issues before
launching.
WhatsApp Language:
Website ko achhe se test karo aur jo problem ho
unko fix karo launch karne se pehle.
8. Maintenance and Updates
English:
Keep updating the website and fix problems
regularly to keep it running smoothly.
WhatsApp Language:
Website ko regularly update karo aur jo issues
aaye unko time pe fix karte raho.

Summary Table
 WhatsApp
Strategy English
Language
Planning & Goal Decide purpose Website ka goal
Setting and user needs. decide karo.
Responsive Works on all Sab devices pe
Design devices. sahi kaam kare.
Accha design aur
Looks good and
UI/UX Design use karna aasan
easy to use.
ho.
Speed Website loads Website fast load
Optimization fast. ho.
Ranks on Google pe easily
SEO
Google easily. dikhai de.
Protect website Website ko safe
Security
from hacks. aur secure banao.
Testing & Find and fix Problems ko test
Debugging errors. aur fix karo.
Keep the
Website ko update
Maintenance website
aur smooth rakho.
updated.
Q4) History of the Web ?
Answer :-
English:

The history of the web started with the invention

of the World Wide Web (WWW) by Tim Berners-
Lee in 1989. It was created to share information
between computers easily. The web has grown
over time, making it possible to access websites,
videos, and apps.
WhatsApp Language:
Web ki shuruaat Tim Berners-Lee ne 1989 mein
ki thi, jab unhone World Wide Web (WWW)
banaya. Iska purpose tha computers ke beech
information share karna. Dheere-dheere web
itna grow hua ki aaj hum websites, videos aur
apps use karte hain.

Important Events in Web History

1. 1989 - Invention of the Web

English:
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide
Web (WWW) to share data between
computers.
WhatsApp Language:
Tim Berners-Lee ne WWW banaya taki
computers easily data share kar saken.
2. 1991 - First Website

English:
The first website was launched, explaining
what the World Wide Web is.
WhatsApp Language:
Pehli website launch hui jo batati thi Web ka
kya use hai.
3. 1993 - First Web Browser
 English:
The first web browser, called Mosaic, was
launched to make browsing easy.
WhatsApp Language:
Pehla web browser Mosaic aaya, jisse
websites dekhna easy ho gaya.
4. 1994 - Netscape Browser

English:
Netscape became a popular browser that
made the internet accessible to everyone.
WhatsApp Language:
Netscape browser ne internet ko logon ke
liye popular aur easy banaya.
5. 1996 - Rise of Search Engines

English:
Search engines like Yahoo and Google started
helping people find information easily.
WhatsApp Language:
 Yahoo aur Google jaise search engines aaye
jisse information search karna easy ho gaya.
6. 2000s - Web 2.0

English:
Web became interactive with social media,
blogs, and online applications.
WhatsApp Language:
Web 2.0 ke time pe social media, blogs aur
apps aaye jisse web interactive ban gaya.
7. Present - Web 3.0

English:
The web is now smarter with AI, blockchain,
and decentralized systems.
WhatsApp Language:
Aaj ka web AI aur blockchain ke saath
smarter aur decentralized ho raha hai.

Summary Table
 Event (WhatsApp
Year Event (English)
Language)
WWW ki shuruaat
Tim Berners-Lee
1989 Tim Berners-Lee ne
created the WWW.
ki.
First website Pehli website
1991
launched. launch hui.
Mosaic browser Mosaic browser se
1993 made web web dekhna easy
browsing easy. hua.
Netscape browser Netscape ne web ko
1994 made web logon ke liye popular
popular. banaya.
Search engines Yahoo aur Google
1996 like Yahoo and aaye search karne ke
Google started. liye.
Web 2.0 brought Web 2.0 se social
2000s social media and media aur blogs
blogs. aaye.
 Event (WhatsApp
Year Event (English)
Language)
Web 3.0 is smarter Web 3.0 smarter ho
Present with AI and raha hai AI aur
blockchain. blockchain ke saath.

In Short:
• The web started in 1989 with WWW.
• Websites, browsers, and search engines
made it grow.
• Now, the web is more advanced and smarter.

Q5) Protocols Governing the Web ?

Answer :-

English:
Protocols are rules that allow computers and
devices to communicate with each other on the
Web. They decide how data is sent, received,
and displayed on the internet. Without
protocols, the Web cannot work properly.
WhatsApp Language:
Protocols ka matlab hai rules aur guidelines jo
computers aur devices ko Web pe baat karne
(data share karne) ka tarika sikhate hain. Ye
batate hain ki data kaise bheja aur dikhaya
jayega.

Important Web Protocols

1. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
English:
HTTP is the protocol used to transfer web
pages from the server to the browser.
WhatsApp Language:
HTTP wo protocol hai jo web pages ko server
se browser tak bhejta hai.
Example: Jab aap kisi website ka link open
karte ho, wo HTTP ke through load hoti hai.
2. HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol
Secure)
English:
HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that
protects data using encryption.
WhatsApp Language:
HTTPS ek secure version hai HTTP ka, jo data
ko encrypt karke safe rakhta hai.
Example: Banks aur shopping websites pe
HTTPS use hota hai.
3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
English:
FTP is used to upload or download files
between a computer and a server.
WhatsApp Language:
FTP ka use files ko upload ya download
karne ke liye hota hai computer aur server ke
beech.
Example: Jab aap kisi website ka data server
pe upload karte ho.
4. TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol)
English:
TCP/IP is the basic protocol that helps in
sending and receiving data over the internet.
WhatsApp Language:
TCP/IP wo basic protocol hai jo internet pe
data ko bhejne aur receive karne ka kaam
karta hai.
5. DNS (Domain Name System)
English:
DNS converts website names (like
google.com) into IP addresses so computers
can understand them.
WhatsApp Language:
DNS websites ke name (jaise google.com) ko
IP address mein convert karta hai jo
computers ko samajh aaye.
6. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
English:
SMTP is used to send emails from one server
 to another.
WhatsApp Language:
SMTP ka use emails bhejne ke liye hota hai
ek server se doosre server tak.
Example: Jab aap Gmail se email bhejte ho.
7. POP3/IMAP
English:
POP3 and IMAP are protocols that help you
receive and access emails.
WhatsApp Language:
POP3 aur IMAP woh protocols hain jo aapko
emails receive aur access karne mein
madad karte hain.

Summary Table
Protocol English WhatsApp Language
Transfers web
Web pages ko server
pages from
HTTP se browser tak bhejta
server to
hai.
browser.
Protocol English WhatsApp Language
Secure
HTTP ka secure
version of
HTTPS version jo data ko
HTTP using
safe rakhta hai.
encryption.
Transfers files
Files ko
between
FTP upload/download
computer and
karta hai.
server.
Sends and
Internet pe data ko
receives data
TCP/IP bhejne aur receive
on the
karne ka kaam.
internet.
Converts
Websites ke name ko
website
DNS IP address mein
names to IP
convert karta hai.
addresses.
Sends emails
Emails bhejne ke liye
SMTP between
use hota hai.
servers.
Protocol English WhatsApp Language
Receives and Emails ko receive aur
POP3/IMAP manages access karne mein
emails. madad karta hai.

In Short:
Protocols are like rules of the internet that help
websites, emails, and data to work smoothly.

Q6) Writing Web Projects ?

Answer :-
English:
Writing a web project involves creating a website
or web application by using HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, and sometimes other tools. It
includes designing the layout, adding
functionality, and ensuring the project works on
different devices. A web project could be
something like a portfolio website, an e-
commerce site, or a blog.
WhatsApp Language:
Web project likhna matlab ek website ya web
app banana jisme HTML, CSS, JavaScript ya
kabhi-kabhi aur tools ka use hota hai. Isme aapko
layout design karna, functionality add karna,
aur ensure karna hota hai ki project sab devices
pe accha chale. Example: Aapka portfolio
website, shopping website, ya blog ek web
project ho sakta hai.

Steps to Write a Web Project

1. Planning
English:
Decide what the project will do and how it will
look.
WhatsApp Language:
Sabse pehle socho ki aapka project kya
karega aur kaise dikhega.
2. Design
English:
Create the layout using tools like Figma or
 Adobe XD to decide the look and feel of the
website.
WhatsApp Language:
Figma ya Adobe XD jaise tools ka use karke
website ka design banate ho.
3. Coding (HTML, CSS, JavaScript)
English:
Use HTML to create the structure, CSS to
style it, and JavaScript to add interactivity.
WhatsApp Language:
HTML se structure banao, CSS se design
karo, aur JavaScript se website ko
interactive banao.
4. Adding Functionality
English:
Add features like forms, buttons,
animations, or other interactive elements to
make the site work.
WhatsApp Language:
Features jaise forms, buttons, aur
animations add karo taki site chal sake.
5. Testing and Debugging
English:
Test the website on different devices and
browsers to make sure it works well. Fix any
issues that arise.
WhatsApp Language:
Website ko different devices aur browsers
pe test karo aur jo problems aaye unko fix
karo.
6. Deploying the Project
English:
Once everything is ready, deploy the website
using platforms like GitHub, Netlify, or
Vercel.
WhatsApp Language:
Jab sab ready ho jaye, website ko GitHub,
Netlify ya Vercel jaise platforms pe deploy
karo.
7. Maintenance and Updates
English:
Regularly check the website for any issues
 and update it when needed.
WhatsApp Language:
Website ko regularly update karo aur jo
issues aaye unko fix karte raho.

Summary Table
WhatsApp
Step English
Language
Decide the Socho ki project
Planning purpose and look ka goal aur look
of the project. kya hoga.
Create layout Figma ya Adobe
Design using design XD se design
tools. banaye.
Use HTML, CSS,
HTML, CSS, aur
and JavaScript for
Coding JavaScript ka
structure and
use karo.
design.
 WhatsApp
Step English
Language
Add features like Forms, buttons
Functionality forms, buttons, aur features add
etc. karo.
Test on devices Test karo aur jo
Testing and browsers for issues ho unko
issues. fix karo.
Deploy website GitHub ya
Deploying using platforms Netlify pe
like GitHub. deploy karo.
Keep updating Update karte
Maintenance the website raho aur issues
regularly. fix karo.

In Short:
Web projects are about designing, coding,
testing, and launching websites or applications.
It’s a step-by-step process that requires
planning and maintenance.
Q7) Introduction to Internet Services and
Tools ?
Answer :-

English:
Internet services and tools are things that
help us use the internet, like browsers to
view websites, search engines to find info,
email services to send messages, cloud
storage to save files online, and social
media to connect with others.
WhatsApp Language:
Internet services aur tools wo cheezein hain
jo hume internet use karne mein madad karti
hain, jaise browsers se websites dekhna,
search engines se info dhoondhna, email
services se messages bhejna, cloud storage
se files online save karna, aur social media
se logon se connect karna.
Important Internet Services and Tools
1. Web Browsers
English:
Browsers like Chrome, Firefox, or Safari
help you open and view websites.
WhatsApp Language:
Chrome, Firefox, ya Safari jaise
browsers se aap websites dekh sakte ho.
2. Search Engines
English:
Search engines like Google, Bing, or
Yahoo help you find information on the
internet by typing keywords.
WhatsApp Language:
Google, Bing, ya Yahoo jaise search
engines aapko internet pe information
dhoondhne mein madad karte hain.
3. Email Services
English:
 Email services like Gmail, Outlook, or
Yahoo Mail allow you to send and receive
emails.
WhatsApp Language:
Gmail, Outlook, ya Yahoo Mail jaise
email services se aap email bhej aur
receive kar sakte ho.
4. Cloud Storage
English:
Cloud storage services like Google Drive,
Dropbox, or OneDrive let you store and
access files online.
WhatsApp Language:
Google Drive, Dropbox, ya OneDrive
jaise cloud storage se aap apne files
online store kar sakte ho aur access kar
sakte ho.
5. Social Media Platforms
English:
Social media platforms like Facebook,
 Instagram, or Twitter allow you to
connect with friends and share content.
WhatsApp Language:
Facebook, Instagram, ya Twitter jaise
social media platforms se aap friends se
connect kar sakte ho aur content share
kar sakte ho.
6. Online Shopping
English:
Online shopping websites like Amazon,
Myntra, or Flipkart help you buy products
directly from the internet.
WhatsApp Language:
Amazon, Myntra, ya Flipkart jaise online
shopping sites pe aap directly products
buy kar sakte ho.

Summary Table
 WhatsApp
Service/Tool English
Language
Help you
Browsers se
Web open and
websites dekhte
Browsers view
ho.
websites.
Help you find Search engines
Search
information se info
Engines
online. dhoondhte ho.
Help you Email services
Email send and se emails bhejte
Services receive aur receive
emails. karte ho.
Cloud storage
Store and
Cloud se files store
access files
Storage aur access
online.
karte ho.
 WhatsApp
Service/Tool English
Language
Social media se
Connect with
friends se
friends and
Social Media connect karte
share
ho aur content
content.
share karte ho.
Online
Buy products
Online shopping sites
directly from
Shopping se products
the internet.
buy karte ho.

In Short:
Internet services and tools help us to
browse, find information, send emails,
store files, and connect with others online.
Q8) Introduction to Client-Server
Computing ?

Answer :-
English:
Client-server computing is a model where
two devices (client and server) work together
over a network. The client is a device like a
computer or phone that requests information
or services, and the server is a powerful
computer that provides the requested
information or services.
WhatsApp Language:
Client-server computing ek model hai jisme
do devices (client aur server) network pe ek
saath kaam karte hain. Client ek device hota
hai jaise computer ya phone, jo information
ya service request karta hai, aur server ek
powerful computer hota hai jo wo requested
information ya service deta hai.

How It Works:
1. Client Requests Information
English:
The client sends a request to the server
asking for data or services.
WhatsApp Language:
Client server ko request bhejta hai ki wo
data ya service de.
2. Server Responds
English:
The server processes the request and
sends the required data or service back to
the client.
WhatsApp Language:
Server request process karta hai aur
data ya service client ko bhejta hai.
Example of Client-Server Computing:
1. Web Browsing
English:
When you open a website on your
browser (client), the browser sends a
request to the web server for the website
data, and the server responds by sending
the website's content back to your
browser.
WhatsApp Language:
Jab aap browser pe website open karte ho
(client), browser server ko request bhejta
hai website ke data ke liye, aur server
website ka content browser ko bhejta
hai.
2. Email
English:
When you send or receive emails, your
 email client (like Gmail) communicates
with the email server to send/receive
messages.
WhatsApp Language:
Jab aap email bhejte ya receive karte ho,
email client (jaise Gmail) email server ke
saath communicate karta hai emails
bhejne aur lene ke liye.

In Short:
In client-server computing, the client
requests services or data from the server,
and the server provides the requested
services or data.