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17 views4 pages

Adobe Scan 22 Nov 2024

Uploaded by

qadri.tayyaba25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Nanotechnology-based cancer treatment

Conventional cancer treatment is surgery by which we re


move the cancerous part. However, cancer may appear again,
also surgery is not possible for all types of cases of cancer.
Other options to relay are radiation therapy, drug therapy, and
chemotherapy, but these therapies came along with extensive
side effects with which patient has to suffer for long period and
these approaches also affect healthy cells.
However Nano-techniques are designed in which certain
Nanoparticles can preferentially absorb a definite range of
wavelength of radiation, which aims to be heated eventually
and hence when such Nanoparticle enters in the cancerous cell,
it will burn. Various therapeutic agents are in use by which we
can target and toxicate cancerous cells [28]. However, there
are certain NPs which circulate through the body and detect
cancer-associated molecular changes and further assists with
imaging release of a therapeutic agent, and then monitor the
effectiveness of the intervention. The demand for techniques
which provide minimal side effect and with higher specificity
led to move toward Nanotechnology-based therapies. Still, cer
tain problems need solutions, like improvements in molecular
therapy so that nanoparticle can circulate in the bloodstream
and reach the desirable cells without being detected by the im
mune system (29].
Nano-technology based drug delivery in cancer
Nanotechnologies, mostly based on nanoparticles, can facili
tate drug delivery in cancer. Nanoparticle mediated delivery of
conventional cytotoxic drugs allows controlover drug cytotoxic
ity based upon the bio-distribution profile for the nanoparticle
rather than for the free drug [30,31]. NPs based Drug deliy
ery system also increases the half-life of vulnerable drugs and
proteins and improve the solubility of hydrophobic drugs that
proves to be effective in drug bases therapy also (32]. For more
effective drug delivery various aspects of science and technolo
gy implies association of drug delivery with nanoparticles, some
of them are mentioned in Figure 2.

Nanoparticle Drug
Delivery System

Core Encapsulated
Material Drug

Organic Inorganic Hybrid Doxorubicin

Polymeric Quantum dots Colloidal gold


encapsulated
Fluropyrimidine
5- Fluorouracil
liposomes
Silica
Liposomes and nanoparticles
Nanoemulsions Superparanmagnetic Docetaxel
iron oxide
Metallic encapsulated in
nanostructures polymeric
Dendrimers nanoparticles Nucleic acids
pDNA, mRNA,
s0RNA
Carbon
Nanotubes
Pacilataxel

Cisplatin
Drugs in hydrogel nanoparticle are based upon proprietary
hydrophobic polysaccharides for drug delivery in which pro
teins and/or antibodies can be encapsulated. NanoGels be
longs to nanoparticulate hydrogels that can encapsulate mag
netic material within to create a particle 25 nm in diameter
to which 5 to 100 ligands can be attached. Whereas magnetic
nanogel, have an iron oxide core 10 nm in diameter with a
polymer coating and can be loaded with up to 1000 anticancer
drug molecules. These particles can be tracked by MRI as they
accumulate in tumors [33,34). But systemic administration of
chemotherapeutic agents causes severe toxicity. To overcome
this problem several nanotechniques are used, by which en
capsulation and cancer cell-specific targeting of chemothera
peutics are done in 400 nm nano cells, and the packaging of
chemotherapeutics is done while keeping in mind the specific
criteria of charge, hydrophobicity, and solubility which can be
further altered by changing minute concentrations. Effective
targeting of nano cells on cancerous cell must upshot into en
docytosis, then either intracellular drug release or degradation
of drug is possible but bio-specific antibodies receptor must be
present on cancerous cell membrane (35]. For tumor-targeted
drug delivery, assorted nano-systems are serviceable, even so
for this purpose, structural and analytical properties of novel
nanoparticles are preprogrammed which will be effective for
both extra- and intracellular delivery.
Injection of quantum dots conjugated with a tumor-target
ing MAb (anti-HER2), six distinct 'stop-and-go' steps were iden
tified in the process involved as the particles traveled from the
injection site to the cell where they bind HER2: Within a blood
vessel in the circulation, during extravasation, in the extracel
lular region, binding HER2 on the cell membrane, moving into
and within the perinuclear region. In vivo, image analysis of the
delivery process for single particles provides valuable informa
tion on antibody conjugated therapeutic nanoparticles, which
will be further utilized in increasing their anticancer therapeutic
efficacy using a high-speed confocal microscope with a high
sensitivity camera [36-39].Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) can be
bound to gold nanocrystals and delivered safely and effectively
to tumor-burdened mice and dogs. An effective example of nan
otechnology- mediated drug delivery is the liposome-mediated
delivery of DOX (e.g., Doxil) that have substantially reduced car
diotoxicity relative to free DOx [40,41].
Nano-techniques manipulated for different cancer thera
pies
In the new age of treatment of cancer, preference is given to
reduce the injurious effect on normal cells as well as effectively
target cancer cells only. The introduction of nanotechnology
has brought new materials and pathways for the targeted treat
ment of cancer. Diverse unique properties of nanoparticles are
utilized for noninvasive cancerous therapy, which was not previ
ously possible but with the advancement in the nanotechnd
ical techniques, it become more reliable treatment for cancer.

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