=================

Spring Data JPA

=================

=> To develop persistence layer

=> Data JPA supports ORM features

ORM - Object Relational Mapping

=> Using ORM we can represent our data in the form objects.

- save record using object

- update record using object

- delete record using object

- retrieve records in the form of objects

=> One object represents one row in db table.

Note: We need to map our java class to database table.

=> The java class which is mapped to db table is called as Entity class

=> We will use below annotations in entity class

@Entity : Represent java class as Entity class (mandatory)

@Table : Map java class name to db table name (optional)

@Id : To represent Primary Column mapped variable (mandatory)

@Column : To map entity class variable to db table column (optional)

==========
DB Setup
==========

DB Server : MySQL

DB Client : MySQL Workbench

#### MySQL DB Setup : https://youtu.be/EsAIXPIsyQg?si=xmsmlgmFyZFiqu8l

=> Create DB connection in workbench and execute below queries to create database.

show databases;
create database sbms36;
use sbms36;
show tables;

==================================
Data JPA Application development
==================================

1) Create boot app with below dependencies

 a) data-jpa starter
b) mysql driver

2) Configure datasource properties in application.properties file

3) Create Entity class and map with db table

4) Create Repository interface by extending jpa repository

a) CrudRepository
b) JpaRepository (more features)

5) Get repository bean obj and test repository methods using start class.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=ashokit@123
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sbms36

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.show-sql=true

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
@Entity
public class Book {

@Id
private Integer bookId;
private String bookName;
private Double bookPrice;

// setters & getters

}
-------------------------------------------------------------------
public interface BookRepository extends CrudRepository<Book, Integer> {

}
-------------------------------------------------------------------

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ConfigurableApplicationContext context =
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);

BookRepository bookRepo = context.getBean(BookRepository.class);

Book b = new Book();

b.setBookId(103);
b.setBookName("DevOps");
b.setBookPrice(5600.50);

bookRepo.save(b); // UPSERT
 }

-------------------------------------------------------------------

Data Jpa with Oracle DB : https://youtu.be/ZGKHCJsp4hg?si=r3Cx7Sz8y06taBBF

-------------------------------------------------------------------

========================
CrudRepository methods
========================

save (T obj) : UPSERT operation (update + insert)

saveAll(Iterable objs) : UPSERT Operation

findById(ID) : Retrieve record based on PK column value

findAllById(Iterable ids) : retrieve records using multiple ids

findAll ( ) : Retrieve all records from table

existsById(ID id) : To check presense of record

count () : To get total no.of records

deleteById (Id id) : delete record using pk column value

deleteAllById(Iterable ids) : delete multiple records using ids

delete(T obj) : Delete record using entity obj

deleteAll(Iterable objs) : delete records using multiple entities

deleteAll ( ) : truncate table (delete all records)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@Service
public class EmployeeService {

private EmployeeRepo empRepo;

public EmployeeService(EmployeeRepo empRepo) {

this.empRepo = empRepo;
}

public void getAllEmps() {

Iterable<Employee> findAll = empRepo.findAll();
findAll.forEach(System.out::println);
}

public void getEmps() {

List<Integer> empIds = Arrays.asList(102, 103);
Iterable<Employee> itr = empRepo.findAllById(empIds);
itr.forEach(System.out::println);
}
 public void getEmp() {
Optional<Employee> findById = empRepo.findById(101);
if (findById.isPresent()) {
Employee employee = findById.get();
System.out.println(employee);
}
}

public void saveEmployee() {

Employee emp = new Employee();

emp.setEmpId(101);
emp.setEmpName("Charles");
emp.setEmpGender("Male");
emp.setEmpDept("Sales");
emp.setEmpSalary(18000.00);

empRepo.save(emp);
}

public void saveMultipleEmployees() {

Employee emp1 = new Employee();

emp1.setEmpId(102);
emp1.setEmpName("Kathy");
emp1.setEmpGender("Fe-Male");
emp1.setEmpDept("Sales");
emp1.setEmpSalary(19000.00);

Employee emp2 = new Employee();

emp2.setEmpId(103);
emp2.setEmpName("Nick");
emp2.setEmpGender("Male");
emp2.setEmpDept("Admin");
emp2.setEmpSalary(29000.00);

List<Employee> empsList = Arrays.asList(emp1, emp2);

empRepo.saveAll(empsList);

}
}

================
findBy Methods
================

findById ( ) - pk

findAllById( ) - pks

findAll ( ) - all records

================================================================
Q) How to retrieve records based on non-primary column values ?
================================================================
=> Using findBy methods we can retrieve data from table

=> When we write findBy methods, jpa will construct query based on method name.

=> Method name will play very important role

Syntax : findByXXX(params)

findByEmpDept

1) Using Pre-defined methods (CRUD)

2) findByXXX ( ) methods (only select)

=================
Custom Queries
==================

=> We can write our own query and we can execute it using jpa

=> To work with custom queries we will use @Query annotation

@Query("query-goes-here")
public Employee getEmps();

=> Custom Queries are divided into 2 types

1) SQL Queries
2) HQL Queries

// SQL queries will use table name and column names in the query

select * from emp_tbl;

select * from emp_tbl where emp_id = 1;

// HQL queries will use Entity class name and variable names in the query

From Employee

From Employee where empId = 1

// SQL queries can execute in db directley

// HQL queries can't execute in db directley

Note: Every HQL query should be converted to SQL before execution.

=> To convert HQL to SQL, Dialect classes are available.

Ex: OracleDialect, MySQLDialect, PostGresDialect....

=> Sql queries are database dependent

=> HQL queries are database independent

=> SQL queries will give best performance (quick execution)

=> HQL queries will give better maintainence

==============EmpRepository.java=========================================

public interface EmployeeRepo extends CrudRepository<Employee, Integer> {

@Query("from Employee")
public List<Employee> getAllEmpRecords();

@Query("from Employee where empId = :id")

public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);

// select * from employee where emp_dept = :dept

public List<Employee> findByEmpDept(String dept);

// select * from employee where emp_gender = :gender

public List<Employee> findByEmpGender(String gender);

// select * from employee where emp_gender=:gender and emp_dept=:dept

public List<Employee> findByEmpGenderAndEmpDept(String gender, String dept);

// select * from employee where emp_salary >= : salary

public List<Employee> findByEmpSalaryGreaterThanEqual(float salary);

}
=======================================================
@Service
public class EmployeeService {

private EmployeeRepo empRepo;

public EmployeeService(EmployeeRepo empRepo) {

this.empRepo = empRepo;
}

public void getEmpById(Integer id) {

Employee empById = empRepo.getEmpById(id);
System.out.println(empById);
}

public void getAllEmpRecords() {

List<Employee> emps = empRepo.getAllEmpRecords();
emps.forEach(System.out::println);
}

public void getEmpsBySalary(float salary) {

List<Employee> emps = empRepo.findByEmpSalaryGreaterThanEqual(salary);
emps.forEach(System.out::println);
}
public void getEmpsByGenderAndDept(String gender, String dept) {
List<Employee> emps = empRepo.findByEmpGenderAndEmpDept(gender, dept);
emps.forEach(System.out::println);

public void getEmpsByGender(String gender) {

List<Employee> emps = empRepo.findByEmpGender(gender);
emps.forEach(System.out::println);
}

public void getEmpsByDept(String dept) {

List<Employee> emps = empRepo.findByEmpDept(dept);
emps.forEach(System.out::println);
}

public void getAllEmps() {

Iterable<Employee> findAll = empRepo.findAll();
findAll.forEach(System.out::println);
}

public void getEmps() {

List<Integer> empIds = Arrays.asList(102, 103);
Iterable<Employee> itr = empRepo.findAllById(empIds);
itr.forEach(System.out::println);
}

public void getEmp() {

Optional<Employee> findById = empRepo.findById(101);
if (findById.isPresent()) {
Employee employee = findById.get();
System.out.println(employee);
}
}

public void saveEmployee() {

Employee emp = new Employee();

emp.setEmpId(101);
emp.setEmpName("Charles");
emp.setEmpGender("Male");
emp.setEmpDept("Sales");
emp.setEmpSalary(18000.00);

empRepo.save(emp);
}

public void saveMultipleEmployees() {

Employee emp1 = new Employee();

emp1.setEmpId(102);
emp1.setEmpName("Kathy");
emp1.setEmpGender("Fe-Male");
emp1.setEmpDept("Sales");
emp1.setEmpSalary(19000.00);

Employee emp2 = new Employee();

emp2.setEmpId(103);
emp2.setEmpName("Nick");
 emp2.setEmpGender("Male");
emp2.setEmpDept("Admin");
emp2.setEmpSalary(29000.00);

List<Employee> empsList = Arrays.asList(emp1, emp2);

empRepo.saveAll(empsList);

}
}

=============================================================

SQL : select * from emp_tbl;

HQL : From Employee;

SQL : select * from emp_tbl where emp_id=:eid

HQL : From Employee where empId = :eid

SQL : select * from emp_tbl where emp_dept=:dept and emp_gender = :gender

HQL : From Employee where empDept=:dept and empGender=:gender

SQL : select emp_name, emp_dept from emp_tbl;

HQL : select empName, empDept from Employee;

SQL : delete from emp_tbl where emp_id=:eid

HQL : delete from Employee where empId=:eid

============================================================
public interface EmployeeRepo extends CrudRepository<Employee, Integer> {

@Query("from Employee")
public List<Employee> getAllEmps();

@Query(value = "select * from employee", nativeQuery = true)

public List<Employee> getAllEmpRecords();

@Transactional
@Modifying
@Query("delete from Employee where empId=:eid")
public void deleteEmp(Integer eid);

}
============================================================

====================
Today's Assignment
====================

1) Insert record using Custom Query in Data JPA

2) Update record using custom query in data jpa

3) Write a custom query to retrieve emp_name and emp_dept using Custom HQL query.
1) Using jpa provided pre-defined methods we can peform Both select & non-select
operations

2) Using findBy methods we can perform select operations

3) Using Custom Queries we can perform both select * non-select operations

-> For select operation tx not required

-> For non-select operation tx required

-> @Query, @Modifying & @Transactional

=======================================================

1000 db tables

1000 DAO classes

Every DAO 12 methods

1000 * 12 => 12,000 methods

Every method contains 6 lines of code

12,000 * 6 lines = > 72,000 lines of code

1) CrudRepository (12 methods)

2) JpaRepository

JpaRepository = CrudRepository + Sorting + Pagination + QBE

Sorting : sort records in asc or desc order

Pagination : divide records into multiple pages

QBE : Query By Example

-> Used to construct query dynamically

==========================================================

public void getEmpsByQBE() {

Employee emp = new Employee();

// if user select dept then set dept value to entity

emp.setEmpDept("Marketing");
emp.setEmpGender("Male");
emp.setEmpName("Ruther");

Example<Employee> of = Example.of(emp);
 List<Employee> findAll = empRepo.findAll(of);

findAll.forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));

}

public void getEmpsWithSort(String column) {

Sort sort = Sort.by(column).descending();
Iterable<Employee> findAll = empRepo.findAll(sort);
findAll.forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));
}

public void getEmpsWithPagination(int pageSize, int pageNo) {

PageRequest of = PageRequest.of(pageNo - 1, pageSize);
Page<Employee> findAll = empRepo.findAll(of);
List<Employee> content = findAll.getContent();
content.forEach(System.out::println);
}
================================================================

==============
Timestamping
==============

contact_us_leads

contact_id PK
name
email
phno
msg
created_date =====> @CreationTimestamp
updated_date =====> @UpdateTimestamp

1000 records available

========================================================
@Entity
@Table(name = "contact_us_leads")
public class ContactUsEntity {

@Id
private Integer cid;
private String cname;
private String cemail;
private String cphno;

@CreationTimestamp
@Column(name = "created_date", updatable = false)
private LocalDateTime createdDate;

@UpdateTimestamp
@Column(name = "updated_date", insertable = false)
private LocalDateTime updatedDate;

=============================================================

Primary key : Constraint in database

 => It is used to maintain unique data in the column

Primary Key = Not null + Unique

===========
Generators
===========

=> Generators are used to generate the value for primary key column

1) table ===> will maintain seperate table for primary keys

2) identity ===> supports mysql (auto_increment)

3) sequence ===> supports oracle (sequence in db)

4) UUID => It supports alpha numeric values for primary key

5) Auto => It picks generator based on underlying database

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer cid;

=> Identity generator will use auto_increment to populate primary key column value

=> sequence generator will use db sequence to populate primary key column value

=> table generator will use seperate table to maintain primary column values.

=> If we want to generate alphanumeric data for PK column then we can create our
own generator (Custom Generator).

#### Custom Generators: https://youtu.be/IijGVtT9ZPk?si=HVUBpNWCURHH8uYe

TCS1
TCS2
TCS3
.
.
.

=====================
Today's Assignment
===================
1) Insert record into table using custom query

2) Write custom query with projection

3) Custom Generator using Oracle database

4) Custom Generator using MySQL Database

======================
Composite Primary Key
=======================

More than one Primary Column in database

// Table with one primary key column

create table book (

book_id int,
book_name varchar,
book_price float,
author_name varchar,
primary key (book_id)
)

// Table with composite primary key columns

create table book (

book_id int,
book_name varchar,
book_price float,
author_name varchar,
primary key (book_id,book_name)
)

Note: For composite primary keys we can't use generators.

----------------------------------------------
@Embeddable
public class BookPk {

private Integer bookId;

private String bookName;

}
----------------------------------------------

@Entity
@Table(name = "BOOKS_INFO_TBL")
public class Book {

private Double bookPrice;

private String authorName;

@EmbeddedId
private BookPk bookPk;

}
----------------------------------------------------------------
public interface BookRepo extends JpaRepository<Book, BookPk>{

-----------------------------------------------------------------
@Service
public class BookService {

@Autowired
private BookRepo repo;

public void saveBook() {

BookPk pk = new BookPk(102, "Java");
Book entity = new Book(1000.00, "James", pk);
repo.save(entity);
System.out.println("Record Saved...");
}

public void getBook() {

BookPk pk = new BookPk(101, "Java");

Optional<Book> findById = repo.findById(pk);
if(findById.isPresent()) {
System.out.println(findById.get());
}
}
}
----------------------------------------------------------
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ConfigurableApplicationContext context =
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);

BookService service = context.getBean(BookService.class);

//service.saveBook();
service.getBook();
}

}
----------------------------------------------------------

1) @Entity
2) @Table
3) @Id
4) @Column
5) @GeneratedValue
6) @GenericGenerator
7) @CreationTimestamp
8) @UpdateTimestamp
9) @Embeddable
10) @EmbeddedId

1) @Component
2) @Service
3) @Repository
4) @Configuration
5) @Bean
6) @Primary
7) @Autowired
8) @Qualifier
9) @Scope
10) @ComponentScan
11) @SpringBootApplication
12) @PostConstruct
13) @PreDestroy

=========================================
How to work with Embedded Database (h2)
==========================================

=> External Database (Ex : Oracle, MySQL, Mongo DB)

=> Embedded Database ( Ex: h2 )

Note: Embedded database is used for temporary purpose.

=> For POC (Proof of concept) development we can use h2

======================================
Spring Boot app with h2 db - example
======================================

1) create boot app with below dependencies

a) jpa-starter
b) h2
c) web-starter

2) Configure h2 datasource properties in application.properties file

spring.datasource.username=ashokit
spring.datasource.password=ashokit
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:test
spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver

spring.h2.console.enabled=true

spring.jpa.show-sql=true

server.port=9090

3) Create Entity class & repo interface

4) Run the application and access h2-console

URL : http://localhost:port/h2-console

==================
Spring Profiles
==================
Application Environments

=> Environements are used to test our application

=> Environment : A platform to run our application

Local Env : Where we will develop code & perform unit test

DEV Env : developers will perform integration testing (DIT)

SIT Env : System Integration Testing

UAT Env : user acceptance testing (go or no-go)

Prod Env : production environment (live)

1) What is Environment

2) Why we need environments

3) Can you tell your project environments

- dev
- sit (QA)
- uat
- pilot
- prod

4) What are environment specific properties

- data source
- kafka properties
- redis properties
- payment gateway properties
- Third party apis endpoint urls

Note: When we have multiple environments, we have to change above properties in

application.properties file when we are deploying code to particular environment.

- Time taking process

- Risky

=> To avoid this problem, we can use Spring Profiles concept.

=> Spring Profiles are used to maintain environment specific properties

Note: For every env we will create one profile with env specific configuration

application.properties (default)

application-dev.properties

application-sit.properties
 application-uat.properties

application-prod.properties

Note: Which profile should be loaded we can configure in main properties

spring.profiles.active=dev

================================================
Q) How to activate spring profile in runtime ?
================================================

1) package app as jar file

2) Run jar file with below command

$ java -Dspring.profiles.active=dev -jar <jar-file>

================================================
Q) How to rollback transaction in data jpa ?
================================================

=> Using @Transactional annotation we can rollback tx when some exception occured

ex: @Transactional(rollBackFor = Exception.class)

---------------------------------------------------------------
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void saveData() {

Emp emp = new Emp();

emp.setEname("Ashok");
emp.setEsal(35000.00);

Emp savedEntity = empRepo.save(emp);

int i = 10/0;

Address addr = new Address();

addr.setCity("Hyd");
addr.setState("TG");
addr.setCountry("IN");
addr.setType("Present");
addr.setEmpId(savedEntity.getEid());

addrRepo.save(addr);

----------------------------------------------------------------

=====================
Today's Assignment
=====================

1) Insert record into table using custom query

2) Write custom query with projection

3) Custom Generator using Oracle database

4) Custom Generator using MySQL Database

5) Insert image into table using data jpa

6) Call stored procedure using data jpa

7) Export DB table data to excel file

Reference : youtube.com/watch?v=qe_NrRRsuVg

8) How to connect with multiple databases using springboot

Reference : youtube.com/watch?v=mIFIb_JE47U

9) Develop data jpa applicatio with profiles (dev & qa)

dev profile => h2 db

qa profile => mysql db

10) Develop data jpa application to insert emp record with addresses (one emp can
have multiple addresses like present and permanent)

11) Develop data jpa application to retrieve emp record along with addresses using
join query based on given emp id.