Learn Python

There are 16 programs to explain the various concepts in python programming such as:
Syntex,
Loop,
if-else,
Data Structur es,
Strings,
File Handaling,
Ex ception Handaling,
Random Numbers,
Command Line Ar gunment
Use of Libr aries

Self learning resource

Tutorial on Python (Byte of Python) Click Here

1 Hello World

Learning: How to print and run python program

print ("Hello World")

Hello World

Assingment 1.1: WAP to print your name three times

x=”akshita”

print (3*x)

akshita

akshita

akshita

2 Add numbers and Concatinate strings

Learning: How to declare variable, add, concatenate and print the result.

2.1 Add two numbers

a = 10 b = 220 c = a + b #
Add two numbers print (a, " + ",
b, " --> ", c)

10 + 220 --> 230

2.2 Concatinate two strings

a = "Bhagat" b = " Singh" c = a + b

# Concatinate two strings print (a, " +
", b, " --> ", c)
 Bhagat + Singh --> Bhagat Singh

2.3 Concatinate string with number

a = "Bhagat" b = 100 c = a + str(b) #

Concatinate string with number print (a, " + ", b, "
--> ", c)

Bhagat + 100 --> Bhagat100

Assingment 2.1: WAP to add three numbers and print the result. Assingment 2.2:
WAP to concatinate three strings and print the result.

a = 100 b
= 200 c =
500 f =
a+b+c
print( f
)

800

a ="Ram" b ="krishan" c = 100

Ram + krishan + 100 --> Ramkrishan100

s=a+b+str( c ) print
(a,"+",b,"+",c,"-->", s)

3 Input from user

3.1 Input two strings fr om user and concatinate them
Learning: How to take input from user

a = input("Enter First String: ") b =

input("Enter Second String: ") c = a + b
# concatinate two strings print (a, " +
", b, " --> ", c)

# Run the program with (1) Two strings and (2) Two numbers

Enter First String: Thapar

Enter Second String: Institute
Thapar + Institute --> ThaparInstitute

3.2 Input two numbers from user and add them

a = int(input("Enter First No: "))

b = int(input("Enter Second No: "))
c = a + b print (a, " + ", b, " -->
", c)

Enter First No: 4

Enter Second No: 6
4 + 6 --> 10

4 Loop

Learning: Learn various loops.

4.1 While Loop

i=1 while i <=

10: print
( i ) i =
i+1
 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10

4.2 Range Function

print ("range(10) --> ", list(range(10))) print

("range(10,20) --> ", list(range(10,20))) print
("range(0,20,2) --> ", list(range(2,20,2))) print
("range(-10,-20,2) --> ", list(range(-10,-20,2))) print
("range(-10,-20,-2)--> ", list(range(-10,-20,-2)))

range(10) --> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] range(10,20)

--> [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19] range(0,20,2) -
-> [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18] range(-10,-20,2) --> []
range(-10,-20,-2)--> [-10, -12, -14, -16, -18]

4.3 For loop

4.3.1 For loop - Version 1

for i in range(0,10):
print ( i )

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

4.3.2 For loop - Version 2

for i in range(0,20,2):
print ( i )

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18

4.3.3 For loop - Version 3

for i in range(0,-10,-1):
print ( i )

0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
 -6
-7
-8

-9

4.4 Print table of 5

for i in range(1,11):
print (5," * ", i , " = ", i * 5)

5 * 1 = 5
5 * 2 = 10
5 * 3 = 15
5 * 4 = 20
5 * 5 = 25
5 * 6 = 30
5 * 7 = 35
5 * 8 = 40
5 * 9 = 45
5 * 10 = 50

4.5 Sum all numbers from 1 to 10

4.5.1 Version 1

Sum is --> 55

s=0 for i in
range(1,11): s=s+i
print ("Sum is --> ",s)

4.5.2 Version 2

print ("Sum is --> ", sum(range(1,11)))

Sum is --> 55

Assingment 4.1: WAP to print the table of 7, 9.

Assingment 4.2: WAP to print the table of n and n is given by user. Assingment 4.3:
WAP to add all the numbers from 1 to n and n is given by user.

for i in range(1,11):
print(7," * ", i ," = ", i * 7)

7 * 1 = 7
7 * 2 = 14
7 * 3 = 21
7 * 4 = 28
7 * 5 = 35
7 * 6 = 42
7 * 7 = 49
7 * 8 = 56
7 * 9 = 63
7 * 10 = 70

for i in range(1,11):
print(9," * ", i ," = ", i * 9)

9 * 1 = 9
9 * 2 = 18
9 * 3 = 27
9 * 4 = 36
9 * 5 = 45
9 * 6 = 54
9 * 7 = 63
9 * 8 = 72
9 * 9 = 81
 9 * 10 = 90

for i in range(1,11):
print(18," * ", i ," = ", i * 18)

18 * 1 = 18
18 * 2 = 36
18 * 3 = 54
18 * 4 = 72
18 * 5 = 90
18 * 6 = 108
18 * 7 = 126
18 * 8 = 144
18 * 9 = 162
18 * 10 = 180

a = int(input("Enter First No: "))

b = int(input("Enter Second No: "))
c = a + b print (a, " + ", b, " -->
", c)

Enter First No: 1

Enter Second No: 100

1 + 100 --> 101

5 If-Else - Conditional Checking

Learning: if-else Condition

5.1 Input two numbers from user and compare them

a = int(input("Enter First No: "))

b = int(input("Enter Second No: "))
if a > b:
print (a," > ",b)
else: print (a,"
< ",b)

Enter First No: 3

Enter Second No: 4
3 < 4

5.2 Check weather a number is odd or even

n = int(input("Enter a No: "))

Enter a No: 5
5 is odd

if n % 2 == 0:
print (n," is even")
else: print (n," is
odd")

5.3 Check weather a number is prime of not

n = int(input("Enter a No: "))

f=0 for i in range(2, n//2 +
1): if n % i == 0:
f=1
break

if f==0:
print ("Prime")
else: print ("Not
Prime")
 Enter a No: 5
Prime

5.4 Conditional Checking - Compare strings

a = input("Enter First String : ")

b = input("Enter Second String: ")

if a == b:
print ("a == b")
elif a >= b:
print ("a > b")
else: print ("a
< b")

Enter First String : user

Enter Second String: friendly
a == b

Assingment 5.1: WAP to nd max amoung three numbers and input from user. [Try max() function] Assingment 5.2:
WAP to add all numbers divisible by 7 and 9 from 1 to n and n is given by the user.

Assingment 5.3: WAP to add all prime numbers from 1 to n and n is given by the user.

a = int(input("Enter First No: "))

b = int(input("Enter Second No: "))
c = int(input("Enter third No: "))
s = a + b + c
print (a, " + ", b," + ", c ," --> ", s)

Enter First No: 512

Enter Second No: 20
Enter third No: 358
512 + 20 + 358 --> 890

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

sum_divisible = 0 for i in range(1, n +
1):

if i % 7 == 0 and i % 9 == 0:
sum_divisible += i

# Print the result

print("The sum of all numbers from 1 to", n, "that are divisible by both 7 and 9 is", sum_divisible)

Enter the value of n: 100

The sum of all numbers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by both 7 and 9 is 63
def is_prime(num):
"""Check if a number is prime."""
if num <= 1: return False
if num <= 3: return True
if num % 2 == 0 or num % 3 == 0:
return False i = 5 while i * i
<= num: if num % i == 0 or num % (i +
2) == 0:
return False i += 6
return True n = int(input("Enter the
value of n: ")) sum_primes = 0 for i in
range(1, n + 1): if is_prime(i):
sum_primes += i

# Print the result

print("The sum of all prime numbers from 1 to", n, "is", sum_primes)

Enter the value of n: 501

The sum of all prime numbers from 1 to 501 is 21536

6 Functions

Learning: How to declare and call function

6.1 Add two numbers

def Add(a,b):
c=a+b
return c

print ("Add(10,20) -->", Add(10,20))

print ("Add(20,50) -->", Add(20,50))
print ("Add(80,200) -->", Add(80,200))

Add(10,20) --> 30
Add(20,50) --> 70
Add(80,200) --> 280

6.2 Prime number

def IsPrime(n):
for i in range(2, n//2 + 1):
if n%i==0: return 0
return 1

print ("IsPrime(20) --> ", IsPrime(20))

print ("IsPrime(23) --> ", IsPrime(23))
print ("IsPrime(200) --> ", IsPrime(200))
print ("IsPrime(37) --> ", IsPrime(37))

IsPrime(20) --> 0
IsPrime(23) --> 1
IsPrime(200) --> 0
IsPrime(37) --> 1

6.3 Add 1 to n

def AddN(n): s=
sum(range(n+1))
return s

print ("AddN(10) --> ", AddN(10))

print ("AddN(20) --> ", AddN(20))
print ("AddN(50) --> ", AddN(50))
print ("AddN(200) --> ", AddN(200))

AddN(10) --> 55
AddN(20) --> 210
AddN(50) --> 1275
AddN(200) --> 20100

Assingment 6.1: WAP using function that add all odd numbers from 1 to n, n is given by the user.

Assingment 6.2: WAP using function that add all prime numbers from 1 to n, n given by the user.

def sum_of_odds(n):
"""Calculate the sum of all odd numbers from 1 to n."""
total_sum = 0 for i in range(1, n + 1, 2):
total_sum += i return
total_sum n = int(input("Enter the value
of n: ")) result = sum_of_odds(n)

# Print the result

print("The sum of all odd numbers from 1 to", n, "is", result)

Enter the value of n: 200

The sum of all odd numbers from 1 to 200 is 10000

def is_prime(num):
"""Check if a number is prime."""
if num <= 1: return False
if num <= 3: return True
if num % 2 == 0 or num % 3 == 0:
 return False i = 5 while i * i
<= num: if num % i == 0 or num % (i +
2) == 0:
return False i += 6
return True n = int(input("Enter the
value of n: ")) sum_primes = 0 for i in
range(1, n + 1): if is_prime(i):
sum_primes += i
print("The sum of all prime numbers from 1 to", n, "is", sum_primes)

Enter the value of n: 100

The sum of all prime numbers from 1 to 100 is 1060

7 Math library

Learning: Use math library

import math as m print ("exp(-200) --> ", m.exp(-200)) #

Exponential function print ("log(100,2) --> ", m.log(100,2)) #
Log print ("log(100,10) --> ", m.log(100,10))# Log print
("log10(100) --> ", m.log10(100)) # Log 10 print ("m.cos(30)
--> ", m.cos(30)) # cos print ("m.sin(30) --> ",
m.sin(30)) # sin print ("m.tan(30) --> ", m.tan(30)) #
tan print ("m.sqrt(324) --> ", m.sqrt(324)) print
("m.ceil(89.9) --> ", m.ceil(89.9)) print ("m.floor(89.9)--> ",
m.floor(89.9))

exp(-200) --> 1.3838965267367376e-87 log(100,2)

--> 6.643856189774725 log(100,10) --> 2.0
log10(100) --> 2.0
m.cos(30) --> 0.15425144988758405
m.sin(30) --> -0.9880316240928618
m.tan(30) --> -6.405331196646276
m.sqrt(324) --> 18.0
m.ceil(89.9) --> 90
m.floor(89.9)--> 89

8 Strings

Learning: How to handle string

8.1 Indexing in string

var = 'Hello World!' print ("var

--> ", var) print ("var[0] -->
", var[0]) print ("var[1:5] -->
", var[1:5]) print ("var[:-5] -->
", var[:-5])

var --> Hello World!

var[0] --> H var[1:5] -
-> ello var[:-5] -->
Hello W

8.2 String length, upper, lower

var = 'Hello World!' print ("String

--> ", var) print ("Length --> : ",
len( var )) print ("Upper --> : ",
var.upper()) print ("Lower --> : ",
var.lower())

String --> Hello World!

Length --> : 12 Upper -
-> : HELLO WORLD!
Lower --> : hello world!
 8.3 String formatting

name=input("Enter your name: ") age=int(input("Enter your age : "))

price=float(input("Enter the book price: ")) s="\nYour name is %s, age is %d
and book price is %f" %(name.upper(),age,price) print ( s )

Enter your name: Rahul

Enter your age : 20
Enter the book price: 1000

Your name is RAHUL, age is 20 and book price is 1000.000000

8.4 String in Triple Quotes

para_str = """This is a long string that is made up of

several lines and non-printable characters such as TAB (
\t ) and they will show up that way when displayed.
NEWLINEs within the string, whether explicitly given like
this within the brackets [ \n ], or just a NEWLINE within
the variable assignment will also show up. """ print (
para_str )

This is a long string that is made up of several lines

and non-printable characters such as TAB ( ) and they
will show up that way when displayed.
NEWLINEs within the string, whether explicitly given like
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this within the brackets [ ], or just a
NEWLINE within the variable assignment
will also show up.

8.5 String strip

var =" Indian Army "

print("String --> ", var)

print("Length --> ", len( var ))
print("var strip --> ", var.strip())
print("Length of var after strip --> ", len( var.strip ()))

String --> Indian Army

Length --> 18 var strip -->
Indian Army Length of var
after strip --> 13

8.6 String split

var =" Indian, Army "

print("String --> ", var)

print("Length --> ", len( var ))
print("var split --> ", var.split())
print("var split --> ", var.split(' '))
print("var split --> ", var.split(','))

# Strip + Split
print("var split --> ", var.strip().split(','))

String --> Indian, Army

Length --> 19
var split --> ['Indian,', 'Army']
var split --> ['', 'Indian,', '', '', 'Army', '', '', '',
''] var split --> [' Indian', ' Army '] var split -->
['Indian', ' Army']

8.7 Count in string

var=" Indian Army " print ("String

--> ", var) print ("Count of ' ' --> ",
var.count(' ')) print ("Count of 'a' --> ",
var.count('a')) print ("Count of 'n' --> ",
var.count('an'))

String --> Indian Army

Count of ' ' --> 6
Count of 'a' --> 1
Count of 'n' --> 1

8.8 Reverse a String

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1DEI24YMyWk0TdNh34fkFuMYUR0Ltfytl#scrollTo=V1oualoWhJWu&printMode=true 0/23
8/13/24, 10:11 PM Learn_Python.ipynb - Colab
var="Indian Army" print ("String
--> ", var) print ("var[::1] -->
", var[::1]) print ("var[::2] -->
", var[::2]) print ("var[::-1] -->
", var[::-1]) print ("var[::-2] -->
", var[::-2])

var=var[::-1]
print ("var after reverse --> ", var)

String --> Indian Army

var[::1] --> Indian Army
var[::2] --> Ida ry
var[::-1] --> ymrA naidnI

1
var[::-2] --> yr adI
var after reverse --> ymrA naidnI

8.9 Palindrome

s1="Indian Army" s2="malayalam"

s3="madam" s4="teacher" print
("s1 --> ", s1==s1[::-1]) print
("s2 --> ", s2==s2[::-1]) print
("s3 --> ", s3==s3[::-1]) print
("s4 --> ", s4==s4[::-1])

s1 --> False
s2 --> True
s3 --> True
s4 --> False

9 Random Numbers/String

Learning: Generate Random Numbers/String

9.1 Generate random number between 0 and 1

import random as r print (

r.random ()) print (
r.random ()) print
(round(r.random(),4))

0.4192513686511823
0.8252917405886293
0.1728

9.2 Generate random integer number

import random as r print

(r.randint(1, 100)) print
(r.randint(1, 100)) print
(r.randint(-10, 10)) print
(r.randint(-10, 10))

70
34
6
6

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1DEI24YMyWk0TdNh34fkFuMYUR0Ltfytl#scrollTo=V1oualoWhJWu&printMode=true 1/23
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9.3 Generate random real number

import random as r print

(r.uniform(1, 100)) print
(r.uniform(1, 100)) print (r.uniform
(-10, 10)) print (r.uniform (-10,
10)) print (round(r.uniform (-10,
10),2))

96.94103499219948
10.376334587064289 -
6.087968259755884
-2.942454747413537
-1.12

9.4 Select sample from a list of elements

1
import random as r

A=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

print (r.sample(A, 4)) print

(r.sample(A, 2)) print
(r.sample(range(0,100), 2)) print
(r.sample(range(-100,100), 5))

[2 , 9, 5, 7]
[5 , 2]
[97 , 12]
[-87 , -24, 27, 25, 1]

9.5 Generate random string

import string as s import random as r print

("String --> ",s.ascii_letters)

passwd=r.sample(s.ascii_letters, 6)
print ("Selected Char --> ",passwd)

passwd1="".join(passwd) print
("passwd1 --> ",passwd1)

passwd2="+".join(passwd) print
("passwd2 --> ",passwd2)

passwd3="*".join(passwd) print
("passwd3 --> ",passwd3)

String --> abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Selected Char --> ['B', 'u', 'x', 'p', 'U',
'C'] passwd1 --> BuxpUC passwd2 -->
B+u+x+p+U+C passwd3 --> B*u*x*p*U*C

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1DEI24YMyWk0TdNh34fkFuMYUR0Ltfytl#scrollTo=V1oualoWhJWu&printMode=true 2/23
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9.6 Generate random digits

import string as s import

random as r print ("Digits -->
",s.digits)

otp=r.sample(s.digits, 5) print
("Selected num1 --> ",otp)
otp="".join(otp) print ("otp1
--> ",otp)

otp=r.sample(s.digits, 5) print
("Selected num2 --> ",otp)
otp="".join(otp) print ("otp2
--> ",otp)

otp=r.sample(s.digits, 5) print
("Selected num2 --> ",otp)
otp="".join(otp)
print ("otp3 --> ",otp)

Digits --> 0123456789

Selected num1 --> ['3', '5', '8', '7', '4']
otp1 --> 35874
Selected num2 --> ['6', '4', '8', '9', '3']
otp2 --> 64893
Selected num2 --> ['2', '8', '1', '0', '9']
otp3 --> 28109

9.7 Generate random string + digits

1
import string as s import random as r print ("String +
Digits --> ",s.ascii_letters + s.digits)

mixPasswd=r.sample(s.ascii_letters + s.digits, 5)
print ("\nSelected Str1 --> ",mixPasswd)
mixPasswd="".join(mixPasswd) print ("mixPasswd1
--> ",mixPasswd)

mixPasswd=r.sample(s.ascii_letters + s.digits, 6)
print ("\nSelected Str2 --> ",mixPasswd)
mixPasswd="".join(mixPasswd) print ("mixPasswd2
--> ",mixPasswd)

splChar="#@!~%^&*()_+=-[]{}|" mixPasswd=r.sample(splChar +
s.ascii_letters + s.digits, 8) print ("\nSelected Str3 -->
",mixPasswd) mixPasswd="".join(mixPasswd) print
("mixPasswd3 --> ",mixPasswd)

String + Digits --> abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789

Selected Str1 --> ['B', 'K', 'J', 'k', '4']

mixPasswd1 --> BKJk4

Selected Str2 --> ['5', 'N', '2', 'a', '1', 't']

mixPasswd2 --> 5N2a1t

Selected Str3 --> ['c', '8', 'C', '+', '4', '~', '-', 'A']
mixPasswd3 --> c8C+4~-A

10 Exception Handaling

Learning: How to handle exceptions

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1DEI24YMyWk0TdNh34fkFuMYUR0Ltfytl#scrollTo=V1oualoWhJWu&printMode=true 3/23
8/13/24, 10:11 PM Learn_Python.ipynb - Colab

10.1 Error Generation

for i in range(-5,6):
print ("100/",i," --> ", 100/i)

100 / -5 --> -20.0

100 / -4 --> -25.0
100/ -3 --> -33.333333333333336
100 / -2 --> -50.0
100 / -1 --> -100.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------ZeroDivisionError
Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-39-5eb017879ab5> in <cell line: 1>()
1 for i in range(-5,6):
----> 2 print ("100/",i," --> ", 100/i)

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

10.2 Exception handaling for division by zero

for i in range(-5,6):
try:
print ("100/",i," --> ", 100/i)
except: print ("error")

100 / -5 --> -20.0

100 / -4 --> -25.0 100/ -3 -
-> -33.333333333333336
100 / -2 --> -50.0
100 / -1 --> -100.0
error
100 / 1 --> 100.0
100 / 2 --> 50.0 100/ 3 --
> 33.333333333333336
100 / 4 --> 25.0
100 / 5 --> 20.0

1
10.3 Exception handaling for array out of index

L=[1,2,3,4,5]

for i in range(8):
try:
print (i," --> ",L[i])
except:
print ("error")

0 --> 1
1 --> 2
2 --> 3
3 --> 4 4 --> 5 error error error

10.4 Exception handaling for le not found

fileName=input("Enter File Name: ")

fp=open(fileName) # Open the file in reading mode
fp.close() print ("Done")
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1DEI24YMyWk0TdNh34fkFuMYUR0Ltfytl#scrollTo=V1oualoWhJWu&printMode=true 4/23
8/13/24, 10:11 PM Learn_Python.ipynb - Colab

Enter File Name: test.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------FileNotFoundError Traceback
(most recent call last)
<ipython-input-43-df3155df6860> in <cell line: 2>()
1 fileName=input("Enter File Name: ")
----> 2 fp=open(fileName) # Open the file in reading mode
3 fp.close()
4 print ("Done")

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'test.txt'

10.5 Exception handaling for le not found

fileName=input("Enter File Name: ")

try:
fp=open(fileName) # Open the file in reading mode
fp.close() except: print ("Error !! \"%s\" File Not
Found"%(fileName)) print ("Done")

Enter File Name: test.txt

Error !! "test.txt" File Not Found
Done

11 Data Structure 1 - List

Learning: How to use list, add, delete and search in the list.
Note: Read more about list and try yourself

11.1 List Declaration

L = ["Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3 ]

print ("Original List: ", L)
print ("Number of elements in list: ", len( L ))

Original List: ['Pratham', 'Sharma', 3.14, 3]

Number of elements in list: 4

1
11.2 List Iteration

L = ["Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3 ]

print ("Original List: ", L) i=0
while i < len( L ): print ( L[i
]) i+=1

Original List: ['Pratham', 'Sharma', 3.14, 3]

Pratham
Sharma
3.14
3

11.3 List Iteration using for loop

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1DEI24YMyWk0TdNh34fkFuMYUR0Ltfytl#scrollTo=V1oualoWhJWu&printMode=true 5/23
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L = ["Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3 ]
print ("Original List: ", L) for i in
range(0, len(L)): print ( L[i ])

Original List: ['Pratham', 'Sharma', 3.14, 3]

Pratham
Sharma
3.14
3

11.4 List Iteration using for loop

L = ["Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3 ]

print ("Original List --> ", L) for s
in L: print ( s )

Original List --> ['Pratham', 'Sharma', 3.14, 3]

Pratham
Sharma
3.14
3

11.5 Adding and deleting from list

L = ["Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3 ]

print ("Original List --> ", L)

L.append("Rahul") print ("List After

Adding --> ", L)

del L[1]
print ("List After Deleting --> ", L)

Original List --> ['Pratham', 'Sharma', 3.14, 3]

List After Adding --> ['Pratham', 'Sharma', 3.14, 3, 'Rahul']
List After Deleting --> ['Pratham', 3.14, 3, 'Rahul']

11.6 Sum/Average of List

1
L=[3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2] print
("Original List --> ", L)

print ("Sum --> ", sum( L )) print

("Average --> ", sum(L)/len( L ))
print ("Average --> ", sum(L)//len( L
))

print ("L * 3 --> ", L * 3) # Every element get tripled

print ("L + L --> ", L + L) # Every element get doubled

Original List --> [3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2]

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Sum --> 40
Average --> 5.714285714285714
Average --> 5
L * 3 --> [3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2]
L + L --> [3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2]

11.7 Min/Max/Sort the list

L=[3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2] print

("Original List --> ", L)

print ("max --> ", max( L ))

print ("min --> ", min( L ))

print ("\nBefore Sort --> ", L)

L.sort() print ("After Sort (Asending) --
> ", L)

L.sort(reverse=True)
print ("After Sort (Desending) --> ", L)

Original List --> [3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2]

max --> 12 min --> 2

Before Sort --> [3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2]

After Sort (Asending) --> [2, 3, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12]
After Sort (Desending) --> [12, 9, 6, 5, 3, 3, 2]

11.8 Merge lists and select elements

L1 = [3, 6, 9]
L2 = [12, 5, 3, 2]
L3 = L1 + L2 print
("L1 --> ",L1) print
("L2 --> ",L2) print
("L3 --> ",L3)

print ("\nL3[2:] --> ",L3[2:])

print ("L3[2:5] --> ",L3[2:5])
print ("L3[:-1] --> ",L3[:-1])
print ("L3[::2] --> ",L3[::2])

L1 --> [3, 6, 9]
L2 --> [12, 5, 3, 2]
L3 --> [3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2]

L3[2:] --> [9, 12, 5, 3, 2]

L3[2:5] --> [9, 12, 5]
L3[:-1] --> [3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3]
L3[::2] --> [3, 9, 5, 2]

11.9 Multiply all elements of the list by a constant

L = [12, 5, 3, 2, 7] print
("Original List --> ", L)

newL = [ i * 5 for i in L ]
print ("After Multiply with constant --> ", newL)

1
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Original List --> [12, 5, 3, 2, 7]
After Multiply with constant --> [60, 25, 15, 10, 35]

11.10 Searching in the list

L=[3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2] print

("Original List --> ", 6 in L) print
("Original List --> ", 10 in L) print
("Original List --> ", 12 in L)

if (6 in L) == True:
print ("Present") else:
print ("Not Present")

if 10 in L == False:
print ("Not Present")
else: print
("Present")

Original List --> True

Original List --> False
Original List --> True
Present
Present

12 Data Structure 2 - Dictionary

Learning: How to use Dictionary, add, delete, search in Dictionary

Note: Read more about Dictionary and try yourself

12.1 Declare Dictionary

CGPA={1:8.9, 2:5.6, 4:6.7, 7:9.1, 8:5.3}

print ("Dictionary --> ", CGPA)
print ("Num of elements --> ", len( CGPA
))

print ("CGPA of 1 --> ", CGPA[1])

print ("CGPA of 4 --> ", CGPA[4])
print ("CGPA of 7 --> ", CGPA[7])
print ("CGPA of 3 --> ", CGPA[3])

Dictionary --> {1: 8.9, 2: 5.6, 4: 6.7, 7: 9.1, 8: 5.3}

Num of elements --> 5
CGPA of 1 --> 8.9
CGPA of 4 --> 6.7
CGPA of 7 --> 9.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-55-598d6ecb7ab2> in <cell line: 8>()
6 print ("CGPA of 4 --> ", CGPA[4])
7 print ("CGPA of 7 --> ", CGPA[7])
----> 8 print ("CGPA of 3 --> ", CGPA[3])

KeyError: 3

12.2 Triverse dictionary

CGPA={1:8.9, 2:5.6, 4:6.7, 7:9.1, 8:5.3}

for k in CGPA: print ("CGPA of ", k, "
--> ", CGPA[k])

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12.3 Getting Keys and Values

1
CGPA={1:8.9, 2:5.6, 4:6.7, 7:9.1, 8:5.3} print
("Dictionary --> ", CGPA) print ("Keys -
-> ", list( CGPA.keys ())) print ("Values
--> ", list( CGPA.values ()))

12.4 Updating, Adding and Deleting from Dictionary

CGPA={1:8.9,2:5.6,4:6.7,7:9.1,8:5.3}
print ("Original Dictionary --> ", CGPA)

CGPA[4] = 9.2
print ("After Updating (4) --> ", CGPA)

CGPA[3] = 8.6 print ("After Adding (3)

--> ", CGPA)

del CGPA[1]
print ("After Deleting (1) --> ", CGPA)

CGPA.clear() print ("After Clear

--> ", CGPA)

del CGPA
print ("After Delete --> ", CGPA)

12.5 Checking for Key in Dictionary

CGPA={1:8.9, 2:5.6, 4:6.7, 7:9.1, 8:5.3}

print ("Original Dictionary --> ", CGPA)
print ("Is Key 2 Present --> ", 2 in CGPA)
print ("Is Key 9 Present --> ", 9 in CGPA)

12.6 More example1

HomeTown={"Robin":"Delhi", "Govind":"Gwalior", "Anil":"Morena", "Pankaj":"Agra"}

print ("Original Dictionary --> ", HomeTown) print ("Home Town of Robin is -->
", HomeTown["Robin"]) print ("Home Town of Govind is --> ",
HomeTown["Govind"]) print ("Home Town of Anil is --> ", HomeTown["Anil"])
print ("Home Town of Pankaj is --> ", HomeTown["Pankaj"])

12.7 More example2

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HomeTown={"Robin":"Delhi", "Govind":"Gwalior", "Anil":"Morena", "Pankaj":"Agra"}
print ("Original Dictionary --> ", HomeTown)

for d in HomeTown: print ("Home Town of ", d, " is

--> ", HomeTown[d])

1
Data Structure 3 - Tuple

Learning: How to use Tuple, add, delete, search in Tuple

Note: Read more about Tuple and try yourself

1
# Method 1
T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T) print

("Num of elements -->", len( T ))
print ("Type of Object -->", type( T
))

# Method 2
T = tuple(["Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3]) # Convert list to tuple
#T = tuple(("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)) # Also Works

print ("T -->", T) print

("Num of elements -->", len( T ))
print ("Type of Object -->", type( T
))

13.2 Tuple Iteration

T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T)

i = 0 while i <
len( T ):
print ( T[i ])
i += 1

13.3 Tuple iteration using for loop

T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T)

for i in range(0, len(T)):

print ( T[i ])

1
.1 Declare Tuple
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13.4 Tuple iteration using for loop

T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T)

for s in T:
print ( s )

13.5 Accessing/Selecting in Tuple

# Example 1:
T = (3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2)
print ("T -->", T)

print ("T[1] -->", T[1])

print ("T[2] -->", T[2])
print ("T[-1] -->", T[-1])
print ("T[-2] -->", T[-2])

# Example 2:
T = (3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2)
print ("T -->", T)

print ("T[1:3] -->", T[1:3])

print ("T[2:] -->", T[2:])
print ("T[2:5] -->", T[2:5])
print ("T[:2] -->", T[:2])
print ("T[:-1] -->", T[:-1])
print ("T[-4:-1] -->", T[-4:-1])

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13.6 Sum/Average of Tuple

= (3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2)
print ("T -- T)
>",
print ("Sum -- sum( T ))
>",
print -- sum(T)/len( T ))
("Average >",
print -- sum(T)//len( T ))
("Average >",

13.7 Min/Max in Tuple

Example 1
= (3, 6, 9, 12, 5, 3, 2) # Integer Tuple
print ("T -- T)
>",
print -- max( T ))
("Max >",
print -- min( T ))
("Min >",

Example 2
= ("Ram", "Shyam", "Ant") # String Tuple
"Human",
print ("T -- T)
>",
print -- max( T ))
("Max >",
print -- min( T ))
("Min >",

13.8 Merging Tuples

T1
= (3, 6, 9)
T2 = (12, 5, )
3, 2 print ("T1
-->", T1)
print ("T2 -- T2)
>",

T3 = T1 + T2
print ("T3 -- T3)
>",
T4 = T1 + T2 + T1 + T2
print ("T4 -->", T4)

#
T

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13.11 Adding element to Tuple (Error)

T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T)

T[2] = 900 # Error; 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
print ("T -->", T)

#Tuples are unchangeable. We cannot add items to it.

13.12 Adding element to Tuple - (Jugaad)

T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T)

T1 = list( T )
T1.append(9.8) T = tuple(
T 1) print ("After Add --
>", T)

13.13 Inserting element in Tuple - (Jugaad)

T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T)

T1 = list( T )
T1.insert(2, "Rahul") T =
tuple( T 1) print ("After
Insert -->", T)

13.14 Deleting from Tuple (Error)

T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T) del
T[1] print ("After Delete -->", T)

13.15 Deleting from Tuple - (Jugaad)

T = ("Pratham", 'Sharma', 3.14, 3)

print ("T -->", T)

T1 = list( T ) del T1[1] T =

tuple( T 1) print ("After
Delete -->", T)

2
Data Structure 4 - Set

Learning: How to use Set, add, delete, search in Set

Note: Read more about Set and try yourself
s = set(['A', 'B', 'E', 'F','E', 'F' ]) print
("Original set --> ", s) print
("Num of elements in set --> ", len( s ))

14.2 Opertions on Sets

a = set(['A', 'B', 'E', 'F' ]) b = set(["A", "C", "D", "E"])

print ("Original set a --> ", a) print ("Original set b
--> ", b) print ("Union of a and b --> ", a.union(b))
print ("Intersection of a,b --> ", a.intersection(b)) print
("Difference a - b --> ", a - b) print ("Difference a - b
--> ", a.difference(b)) print ("Difference b - a --> ", b
- a) print ("Difference b - a --> ", b.difference(a))

2
.1 Declare Set

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print ("Symetric Diff a - b --> ", a.symmetric_difference(b))
print ("Symetric Diff b - a --> ", b.symmetric_difference(a))

14.3 Add, delete, pop element from set

a = set(['A', 'B', 'E', 'F' ]) print

("Original set a --> ", a)
a.add("D") print ("Set After Adding
(D) --> ", a)
a.add("D") print ("Set After Adding
(D) --> ", a)

a.remove("D") print ("Set After

Deleting(D)--> ", a)
a.pop() print ("Set After pop -
-> ", a)
a.pop()
print ("Set After pop --> ", a)

15 Command Line Argument

Learning: How to Take input from command line and process it

Note: Run the program at cmd line

15.1 Add two numbers given at cmd line

Note: To run the program at cmd line python

Program.py 10 20

import sys print ( sys.argv ) a =

int(sys.argv[1]) # First Number b =
int(sys.argv[2]) # Second Number c =
a + b print (a, " + ", b, " --> ", c)

15.2 Concatinate two strings given at cmd line

python Pr ogr am.p y

python Pr ogr am.p y 10
FirstString SecondString
python Pr ogr am.p y 10 20 30 40
import sys
print (sys.argv)
sum=0
for s in sys.argv[1:]:
sum += int(s)

print ("Sum is --> ", sum)

Note: To run the program at cmd line

import sys print ( sys.argv ) s = sys.argv[1] + " "

+ sys.argv[2] print (sys.argv[1], " + ",
sys.argv[2], " --> ", s)

15.3 Add all the numbers given at cmd line

Note: To run the program at cmd line

3
File Handling

Learning: How to open the le, read the le and write in the le

3
.1 Writing 1 to 10 in le

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Using Accelerated Hardware

TensorFlow with GPUs
TensorFlow with TPUs

keyboard_arrow_down Featured examples

Retraining an Image Classifier: Build a Keras model on top of a pre-trained image classifier to distinguish flowers.
Text Classification: Classify IMDB movie reviews as either positive or negative.
Style Transfer: Use deep learning to transfer style between images.
Multilingual Universal Sentence Encoder Q&A: Use a machine learning model to answer questions from the SQuAD dataset.
Video Interpolation: Predict what happened in a video between the first and the last frame.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Define the function

def f(x):
return 3 * x**2 - 3 * x + 4

# Define the gradient of the function

def gradient_f(x):
return 6 * x - 3

# Gradient Descent Algorithm

def gradient_descent(starting_point, learning_rate, num_iterations):
x = starting_point
history = [x]

for _ in range(num_iterations):
grad = gradient_f(x)
x = x - learning_rate * grad
history.append(x)

return x, history

# Parameters for Gradient Descent

starting_point = 0.0
learning_rate = 0.1
num_iterations = 100

# Perform Gradient Descent

min_x, history = gradient_descent(starting_point, learning_rate, num_iterations)

# Theoretical minimum value

theoretical_min_x = 0.5
theoretical_min_value = f(theoretical_min_x)

# Result from Gradient Descent

min_value = f(min_x)

# Plotting the function and gradient descent path

x_vals = np.linspace(-1, 2, 400)
y_vals = f(x_vals)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))

# Plot the function

plt.plot(x_vals, y_vals, label='f(x) = 3x^2 - 3x + 4', color='blue')

# Plot the gradient descent path

history_vals = [f(x) for x in history]
plt.plot(history, history_vals, 'ro-', label='Gradient Descent Path')

# Highlight the theoretical minimum

plt.plot(theoretical_min_x, theoretical_min_value, 'go', label='Theoretical Minimum')

plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('f(x)')
plt.title('Gradient Descent on the Function f(x) = 3x^2 - 3x + 4')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

# Print results
print(f"Result from Gradient Descent: x = {min_x}, f(x) = {min_value}")
print(f"Theoretical Minimum: x = {theoretical_min_x}, f(x) = {theoretical_min_value}")
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Result from Gradient Descent: x = 0.5, f(x) = 3.25

Theoretical Minimum: x = 0.5, f(x) = 3.25

import numpy as np

class Neuron:
def __init__(self, n_inputs, bias = 0., weights = None):
self.b = bias
if weights: self.ws = np.array(weights)
else: self.ws = np.random.rand(n_inputs)

def __call__(self, xs): #calculate the neuron's output: multiply the inputs with the weights and sum the values together, add the bi
return self._f(xs @ self.ws + self.b)

def _f(self, x): #activation function (default: leaky_relu)

return max(x*.1, x)
perceptron = Neuron(n_inputs = 3, bias = -0.1, weights = [0.7, 0.6, 1.4]) #using the same weights and bias value in the example above
perceptron([1.0, 0.5, -1.0]) #using the same inputs (and a leaky relu activation function), lets calculate the output value

-0.04999999999999999

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import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(0)
X = np.random.rand(1000, 2)
y = np.where(X[:, 0] + X[:, 1] > 1, 1, 0)

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)

scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)

model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(1, input_dim=2, activation='sigmoid')) # Single layer with 1 neuron

model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])

history = model.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=50, batch_size=10, validation_split=0.2, verbose=1)

loss, accuracy = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test)

print(f"Test Accuracy: {accuracy:.2f}")

plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'], label='Training Accuracy')

plt.plot(history.history['val_accuracy'], label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend()
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plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.show()

y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
y_pred_classes = np.where(y_pred > 0.5, 1, 0)

plt.scatter(X_test[:, 0], X_test[:, 1], c=y_pred_classes.flatten(), cmap='coolwarm', edgecolors='k')

plt.title('Classification Results')
plt.xlabel('Feature 1')
plt.ylabel('Feature 2')
plt.show()

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/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/keras/src/layers/core/dense.py:87: UserWarning: Do not pass an `input_shape`/`input_dim` a

super().__init__(activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer, **kwargs)
Epoch 1/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2s 8ms/step - accuracy: 0.8111 - loss: 0.5817 - val_accuracy: 0.8438 - val_loss: 0.5554
Epoch 2/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8859 - loss: 0.5427 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.5319
Epoch 3/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8996 - loss: 0.5190 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.5107
Epoch 4/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8923 - loss: 0.5101 - val_accuracy: 0.9000 - val_loss: 0.4910
Epoch 5/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9108 - loss: 0.4870 - val_accuracy: 0.9062 - val_loss: 0.4729
Epoch 6/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9130 - loss: 0.4718 - val_accuracy: 0.9187 - val_loss: 0.4563
Epoch 7/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9180 - loss: 0.4429 - val_accuracy: 0.9187 - val_loss: 0.4407
Epoch 8/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9374 - loss: 0.4332 - val_accuracy: 0.9187 - val_loss: 0.4264
Epoch 9/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9258 - loss: 0.4221 - val_accuracy: 0.9312 - val_loss: 0.4133
Epoch 10/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9402 - loss: 0.4026 - val_accuracy: 0.9375 - val_loss: 0.4010
Epoch 11/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9369 - loss: 0.3925 - val_accuracy: 0.9438 - val_loss: 0.3896
Epoch 12/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9509 - loss: 0.3723 - val_accuracy: 0.9563 - val_loss: 0.3790
Epoch 13/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9453 - loss: 0.3710 - val_accuracy: 0.9625 - val_loss: 0.3690
Epoch 14/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9527 - loss: 0.3646 - val_accuracy: 0.9688 - val_loss: 0.3597
Epoch 15/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9454 - loss: 0.3567 - val_accuracy: 0.9688 - val_loss: 0.3510
Epoch 16/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9589 - loss: 0.3365 - val_accuracy: 0.9688 - val_loss: 0.3427
Epoch 17/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9609 - loss: 0.3400 - val_accuracy: 0.9688 - val_loss: 0.3351
Epoch 18/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9667 - loss: 0.3298 - val_accuracy: 0.9688 - val_loss: 0.3277
Epoch 19/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9608 - loss: 0.3193 - val_accuracy: 0.9750 - val_loss: 0.3209
Epoch 20/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9697 - loss: 0.3106 - val_accuracy: 0.9750 - val_loss: 0.3144
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p y _ y _
Epoch 21/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9743 - loss: 0.2993 - val_accuracy: 0.9750 - val_loss: 0.3082
Epoch 22/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9620 - loss: 0.3085 - val_accuracy: 0.9875 - val_loss: 0.3023
Epoch 23/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9756 - loss: 0.2989 - val_accuracy: 0.9875 - val_loss: 0.2967
Epoch 24/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9714 - loss: 0.2828 - val_accuracy: 0.9875 - val_loss: 0.2914
Epoch 25/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9567 - loss: 0.2696 - val_accuracy: 0.9937 - val_loss: 0.2864
Epoch 26/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9670 - loss: 0.2779 - val_accuracy: 0.9937 - val_loss: 0.2815
Epoch 27/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9730 - loss: 0.2655 - val_accuracy: 0.9937 - val_loss: 0.2769
Epoch 28/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9730 - loss: 0.2629 - val_accuracy: 0.9937 - val_loss: 0.2725
Epoch 29/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9757 - loss: 0.2603 - val_accuracy: 0.9937 - val_loss: 0.2682
Epoch 30/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9752 - loss: 0.2664 - val_accuracy: 0.9937 - val_loss: 0.2642
Epoch 31/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9835 - loss: 0.2384 - val_accuracy: 0.9937 - val_loss: 0.2602
Epoch 32/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9775 - loss: 0.2598 - val_accuracy: 0.9937 - val_loss: 0.2565
Epoch 33/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9828 - loss: 0.2281 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2529
Epoch 34/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9776 - loss: 0.2318 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2494
Epoch 35/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9706 - loss: 0.2500 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2460
Epoch 36/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9940 - loss: 0.2466 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2428
Epoch 37/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9953 - loss: 0.2291 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2397
Epoch 38/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9959 - loss: 0.2429 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2366
Epoch 39/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9880 - loss: 0.2163 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2337
Epoch 40/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9910 - loss: 0.2468 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2309
Epoch 41/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9949 - loss: 0.2110 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2281
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Epoch 42/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9936 - loss: 0.2078 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2255
Epoch 43/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9933 - loss: 0.2156 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2230
Epoch 44/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9981 - loss: 0.2100 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2204
Epoch 45/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9950 - loss: 0.2041 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2180
Epoch 46/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.9985 - loss: 0.1903 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2157
Epoch 47/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9986 - loss: 0.1988 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2133
Epoch 48/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9997 - loss: 0.1937 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2111
Epoch 49/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9972 - loss: 0.2006 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2090
Epoch 50/50
64/64 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9990 - loss: 0.2046 - val_accuracy: 1.0000 - val_loss: 0.2068
7/7 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 1.0000 - loss: 0.1711
Test Accuracy: 1.00

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7/7 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step

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11/11/24, 9:46 AM Untitled6.ipynb - Colab

# Import libraries
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import mnist
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Load and preprocess MNIST data

(train_images, _), (test_images, _) = mnist.load_data()
train_images, test_images = train_images / 255.0, test_images / 255.0 # Normalize
train_images = train_images.reshape(-1, 784) # Flatten images to 784 (28x28) vector
test_images = test_images.reshape(-1, 784)

# Define the autoencoder model

autoencoder = models.Sequential([
layers.Dense(64, activation='relu', input_shape=(784,)), # Encoder
layers.Dense(784, activation='sigmoid') # Decoder
])

# Compile and train the model

autoencoder.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy')
autoencoder.fit(train_images, train_images, epochs=5, batch_size=256, validation_data=(test_images, test_images))

# Generate and display some reconstructed images

reconstructed_images = autoencoder.predict(test_images[:10])

# Plot original and reconstructed images

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 4))
for i in range(10):
# Original images
plt.subplot(2, 10, i + 1)
plt.imshow(test_images[i].reshape(28, 28), cmap='gray')
plt.axis('off')

# Reconstructed images
plt.subplot(2, 10, i + 11)
plt.imshow(reconstructed_images[i].reshape(28, 28), cmap='gray')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/keras/src/layers/core/dense.py:87: UserWarning: Do not pass an `input_shape`/`input_dim` arg

super().__init__(activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer, **kwargs)
Epoch 1/5
235/235 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4s 12ms/step - loss: 0.3467 - val_loss: 0.1640
Epoch 2/5
235/235 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 6s 17ms/step - loss: 0.1543 - val_loss: 0.1284
Epoch 3/5
235/235 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4s 12ms/step - loss: 0.1243 - val_loss: 0.1098
Epoch 4/5
235/235 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3s 11ms/step - loss: 0.1075 - val_loss: 0.0979
Epoch 5/5
235/235 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3s 12ms/step - loss: 0.0968 - val_loss: 0.0901
1/1 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 50ms/step

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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models
from tensorflow.keras.datasets import mnist

# Load the MNIST dataset

(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()

# Normalize the pixel values (0 to 255) to range 0 to 1

x_train, x_test = x_train / 255.0, x_test / 255.0

# Reshape the data to add a channel dimension (needed for Conv2D

layers)
x_train = x_train.reshape(-1, 28, 28, 1)
x_test = x_test.reshape(-1, 28, 28, 1)

# Build the neural network model

model = models.Sequential([
layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(28, 28,
1)),
layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
layers.Flatten(),
layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),
layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax') # 10 classes for the 10
digits
])

# Compile the model

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])

# Train the model

history = model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=5,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test))

# Evaluate the model on test data

test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=2)
print(f'Test accuracy: {test_acc}')

# Visualize the accuracy and loss

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 4))

# Plot training & validation accuracy values

plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'])
plt.plot(history.history['val_accuracy'])
plt.title('Model accuracy')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend(['Train', 'Test'], loc='upper left')

# Plot training & validation loss values

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(history.history['loss'])
plt.plot(history.history['val_loss'])
plt.title('Model loss')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.legend(['Train', 'Test'], loc='upper left')

plt.show()

# Visualize some predictions

predictions = model.predict(x_test)

# Function to plot some test images with predicted labels

def plot_images(images, labels, predictions, index, num=5):
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
for i in range(num):
plt.subplot(1, num, i+1)
plt.imshow(images[index + i].reshape(28, 28), cmap='gray')
plt.title(f"True: {labels[index + i]}\nPred:
{np.argmax(predictions[index + i])}")
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

# Plot 5 test images with predictions

plot_images(x_test, y_test, predictions, index=0)

/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/keras/src/layers/
convolutional/base_conv.py:107: UserWarning: Do not pass an
`input_shape`/`input_dim` argument to a layer. When using Sequential
models, prefer using an `Input(shape)` object as the first layer in
the model instead.
super().__init__(activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
**kwargs)

Epoch 1/5
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 65s 33ms/step - accuracy: 0.8968 -
loss: 0.3309 - val_accuracy: 0.9856 - val_loss: 0.0448
Epoch 2/5
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 82s 33ms/step - accuracy: 0.9864 -
loss: 0.0458 - val_accuracy: 0.9882 - val_loss: 0.0350
Epoch 3/5
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 62s 33ms/step - accuracy: 0.9912 -
loss: 0.0286 - val_accuracy: 0.9898 - val_loss: 0.0310
Epoch 4/5
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 78s 31ms/step - accuracy: 0.9923 -
loss: 0.0245 - val_accuracy: 0.9906 - val_loss: 0.0341
Epoch 5/5
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 85s 33ms/step - accuracy: 0.9942 -
loss: 0.0197 - val_accuracy: 0.9907 - val_loss: 0.0287
313/313 - 3s - 8ms/step - accuracy: 0.9907 - loss: 0.0287
Test accuracy: 0.9907000064849854

313/313 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3s 9ms/step

!pip install tensorflow
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from tensorflow import keras
from tensorflow.keras import layers
# Generate synthetic dataset
X, y = make_classification(n_samples=1000, n_features=20, n_classes=2,
random_state=42)

# Split the dataset

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y,
test_size=0.2, random_state=42)

# Standardize the features

scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)
def create_model(dropout_rate=0.0):
model = keras.Sequential([
layers.Dense(64, activation='relu',
input_shape=(X_train.shape[1],)),
layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),
layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid') # Output layer for
binary classification
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
return model

# Train the model without dropout

model_no_dropout = create_model()
history_no_dropout = model_no_dropout.fit(X_train, y_train, epochs=50,
batch_size=32, validation_split=0.2)
def create_model_with_dropout(dropout_rate=0.5):
model = keras.Sequential([
layers.Dense(64, activation='relu',
input_shape=(X_train.shape[1],)),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate), # Dropout layer
layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),
layers.Dropout(dropout_rate), # Dropout layer
layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid') # Output layer for
binary classification
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='binary_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
return model
# Train the model with dropout
model_with_dropout = create_model_with_dropout()
history_with_dropout = model_with_dropout.fit(X_train, y_train,
epochs=50, batch_size=32, validation_split=0.2)
# Plot the results
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))

# Without Dropout
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(history_no_dropout.history['accuracy'], label='Train
Accuracy')
plt.plot(history_no_dropout.history['val_accuracy'], label='Validation
Accuracy')
plt.title('Model Without Dropout')
plt.xlabel('Epochs')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend()

# With Dropout
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(history_with_dropout.history['accuracy'], label='Train
Accuracy')
plt.plot(history_with_dropout.history['val_accuracy'],
label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.title('Model With Dropout')
plt.xlabel('Epochs')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.legend()

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
loss_no_dropout, accuracy_no_dropout =
model_no_dropout.evaluate(X_test, y_test)
loss_with_dropout, accuracy_with_dropout =
model_with_dropout.evaluate(X_test, y_test)

print(f"Test Accuracy (No Dropout): {accuracy_no_dropout:.4f}")

print(f"Test Accuracy (With Dropout): {accuracy_with_dropout:.4f}")

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/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/keras/src/layers/core/
dense.py:87: UserWarning: Do not pass an `input_shape`/`input_dim`
argument to a layer. When using Sequential models, prefer using an
`Input(shape)` object as the first layer in the model instead.
super().__init__(activity_regularizer=activity_regularizer,
**kwargs)

Epoch 1/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 10s 84ms/step - accuracy: 0.6430 - loss:
0.6481 - val_accuracy: 0.7750 - val_loss: 0.5422
Epoch 2/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 22ms/step - accuracy: 0.8231 - loss:
0.4992 - val_accuracy: 0.8250 - val_loss: 0.4421
Epoch 3/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 22ms/step - accuracy: 0.8607 - loss:
0.4148 - val_accuracy: 0.8562 - val_loss: 0.3733
Epoch 4/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 20ms/step - accuracy: 0.8604 - loss:
0.3505 - val_accuracy: 0.8562 - val_loss: 0.3330
Epoch 5/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 26ms/step - accuracy: 0.8815 - loss:
0.3260 - val_accuracy: 0.8500 - val_loss: 0.3102
Epoch 6/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 22ms/step - accuracy: 0.8861 - loss:
0.3155 - val_accuracy: 0.8562 - val_loss: 0.2971
Epoch 7/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 36ms/step - accuracy: 0.8925 - loss:
0.2850 - val_accuracy: 0.8562 - val_loss: 0.2886
Epoch 8/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 31ms/step - accuracy: 0.9048 - loss:
0.2825 - val_accuracy: 0.8562 - val_loss: 0.2850
Epoch 9/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 18ms/step - accuracy: 0.9051 - loss:
0.2756 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2818
Epoch 10/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 20ms/step - accuracy: 0.9014 - loss:
0.2510 - val_accuracy: 0.8562 - val_loss: 0.2766
Epoch 11/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 21ms/step - accuracy: 0.9138 - loss:
0.2324 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2791
Epoch 12/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 23ms/step - accuracy: 0.9210 - loss:
0.2429 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2725
Epoch 13/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 21ms/step - accuracy: 0.9153 - loss:
0.2370 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2705
Epoch 14/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 16ms/step - accuracy: 0.9192 - loss:
0.2314 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2721
Epoch 15/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 29ms/step - accuracy: 0.9319 - loss:
0.2082 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2666
Epoch 16/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 22ms/step - accuracy: 0.9216 - loss:
0.2049 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2726
Epoch 17/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 23ms/step - accuracy: 0.9237 - loss:
0.2079 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.2709
Epoch 18/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 23ms/step - accuracy: 0.9231 - loss:
0.2077 - val_accuracy: 0.8500 - val_loss: 0.2738
Epoch 19/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 20ms/step - accuracy: 0.9461 - loss:
0.1544 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2673
Epoch 20/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 23ms/step - accuracy: 0.9568 - loss:
0.1641 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2717
Epoch 21/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 27ms/step - accuracy: 0.9415 - loss:
0.1690 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2752
Epoch 22/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 16ms/step - accuracy: 0.9543 - loss:
0.1475 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2680
Epoch 23/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 7ms/step - accuracy: 0.9591 - loss:
0.1356 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2750
Epoch 24/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9718 - loss:
0.1278 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2748
Epoch 25/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9663 - loss:
0.1365 - val_accuracy: 0.8875 - val_loss: 0.2821
Epoch 26/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9652 - loss:
0.1278 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2796
Epoch 27/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9838 - loss:
0.1022 - val_accuracy: 0.8875 - val_loss: 0.2832
Epoch 28/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9722 - loss:
0.1124 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2850
Epoch 29/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9733 - loss:
0.1173 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2845
Epoch 30/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9821 - loss:
0.0952 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2843
Epoch 31/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9787 - loss:
0.0995 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2976
Epoch 32/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9845 - loss:
0.0956 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2914
Epoch 33/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9847 - loss:
0.0814 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2946
Epoch 34/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9823 - loss:
0.0829 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2979
Epoch 35/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9848 - loss:
0.0744 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3102
Epoch 36/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9888 - loss:
0.0736 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.2900
Epoch 37/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9893 - loss:
0.0609 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3087
Epoch 38/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9873 - loss:
0.0616 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3063
Epoch 39/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9878 - loss:
0.0640 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3166
Epoch 40/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.9933 - loss:
0.0552 - val_accuracy: 0.8875 - val_loss: 0.3114
Epoch 41/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9884 - loss:
0.0527 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3219
Epoch 42/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9889 - loss:
0.0513 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.3199
Epoch 43/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9965 - loss:
0.0425 - val_accuracy: 0.8875 - val_loss: 0.3195
Epoch 44/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9946 - loss:
0.0464 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.3318
Epoch 45/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9953 - loss:
0.0387 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3297
Epoch 46/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9958 - loss:
0.0327 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.3469
Epoch 47/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9978 - loss:
0.0314 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3387
Epoch 48/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.9994 - loss:
0.0327 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.3388
Epoch 49/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 1.0000 - loss:
0.0321 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.3462
Epoch 50/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 1.0000 - loss:
0.0229 - val_accuracy: 0.8875 - val_loss: 0.3498
Epoch 1/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2s 16ms/step - accuracy: 0.5152 - loss:
0.7853 - val_accuracy: 0.7188 - val_loss: 0.5864
Epoch 2/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.6228 - loss:
0.6686 - val_accuracy: 0.7937 - val_loss: 0.5273
Epoch 3/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.6706 - loss:
0.6189 - val_accuracy: 0.8313 - val_loss: 0.4856
Epoch 4/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.6945 - loss:
0.5651 - val_accuracy: 0.8438 - val_loss: 0.4484
Epoch 5/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.7278 - loss:
0.5187 - val_accuracy: 0.8562 - val_loss: 0.4172
Epoch 6/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.7402 - loss:
0.5468 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.3909
Epoch 7/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.7315 - loss:
0.5248 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.3676
Epoch 8/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.7987 - loss:
0.4617 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.3507
Epoch 9/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.7858 - loss:
0.4741 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.3344
Epoch 10/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8021 - loss:
0.4215 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3219
Epoch 11/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8331 - loss:
0.3714 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.3135
Epoch 12/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8179 - loss:
0.4187 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.3047
Epoch 13/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8565 - loss:
0.3632 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2969
Epoch 14/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8331 - loss:
0.3782 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2915
Epoch 15/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8367 - loss:
0.4313 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2847
Epoch 16/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8407 - loss:
0.3637 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2769
Epoch 17/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8581 - loss:
0.3331 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2717
Epoch 18/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8755 - loss:
0.3441 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2714
Epoch 19/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8439 - loss:
0.3797 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2688
Epoch 20/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8549 - loss:
0.3881 - val_accuracy: 0.8875 - val_loss: 0.2685
Epoch 21/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.8679 - loss:
0.3121 - val_accuracy: 0.8813 - val_loss: 0.2637
Epoch 22/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8549 - loss:
0.3219 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2599
Epoch 23/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 6ms/step - accuracy: 0.8244 - loss:
0.3870 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2599
Epoch 24/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 7ms/step - accuracy: 0.8538 - loss:
0.3253 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2603
Epoch 25/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 8ms/step - accuracy: 0.8482 - loss:
0.3312 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2591
Epoch 26/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 7ms/step - accuracy: 0.8662 - loss:
0.3036 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2552
Epoch 27/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 8ms/step - accuracy: 0.8561 - loss:
0.3585 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2550
Epoch 28/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 9ms/step - accuracy: 0.8735 - loss:
0.3187 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2524
Epoch 29/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 7ms/step - accuracy: 0.8841 - loss:
0.3073 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2500
Epoch 30/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 7ms/step - accuracy: 0.8419 - loss:
0.3552 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2533
Epoch 31/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 8ms/step - accuracy: 0.8861 - loss:
0.3104 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2538
Epoch 32/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 7ms/step - accuracy: 0.8707 - loss:
0.3173 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2510
Epoch 33/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 9ms/step - accuracy: 0.8880 - loss:
0.3089 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2485
Epoch 34/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 7ms/step - accuracy: 0.8619 - loss:
0.3288 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2529
Epoch 35/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8815 - loss:
0.3180 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2525
Epoch 36/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8688 - loss:
0.3215 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2504
Epoch 37/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8829 - loss:
0.2907 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2489
Epoch 38/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8665 - loss:
0.3169 - val_accuracy: 0.8625 - val_loss: 0.2502
Epoch 39/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8518 - loss:
0.3335 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2480
Epoch 40/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8722 - loss:
0.3199 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2475
Epoch 41/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8779 - loss:
0.2914 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2485
Epoch 42/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8829 - loss:
0.2764 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2472
Epoch 43/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.8906 - loss:
0.3278 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2463
Epoch 44/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8838 - loss:
0.2934 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2460
Epoch 45/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8769 - loss:
0.2908 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2435
Epoch 46/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8931 - loss:
0.2945 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2458
Epoch 47/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 5ms/step - accuracy: 0.9131 - loss:
0.2687 - val_accuracy: 0.8687 - val_loss: 0.2485
Epoch 48/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8891 - loss:
0.2726 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2484
Epoch 49/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8665 - loss:
0.3065 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2484
Epoch 50/50
20/20 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 4ms/step - accuracy: 0.8853 - loss:
0.2774 - val_accuracy: 0.8750 - val_loss: 0.2430
7/7 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 2ms/step - accuracy: 0.8196 - loss: 0.6601

7/7 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8461 - loss: 0.4109

Test Accuracy (No Dropout): 0.8350

Test Accuracy (With Dropout): 0.8600