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Analytic Lab Manual

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8 views3 pages

Analytic Lab Manual

Uploaded by

abra ham
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions

There are a number of different definitions of acids and bases present. However, for most
purposes, the Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases are the most useful:

 Acid: a proton (H+) donor. Common examples include hydrochloric (muriatic) acid, citric acid,
and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).
 Base: a proton acceptor. Among the best known of these substances are hydroxides, such as
sodium hydroxide; however, other bases exist. Examples of these include sodium bicarbonate
(baking soda) and sodium hypochlorite (bleach).

The most commonly observed type of acid-base reaction – and the type of acid-base reaction that
we will study in this experiment – is an acid-base neutralization reaction:

acid + base → water + salt

where the identity of the salt can be determined by taking the cation from the base and taking the
anion from the acid.
Example

If I react sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid, then the balanced chemical equation is

HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→H2O(l)+NaCl(aq)

and the salt produced is sodium chloride (NaCl) – the Na+ comes from the sodium hydroxide,
while Cl– comes from the hydrochloric acid.

In this experiment, you will study this reaction in a titration experiment.

Titrations

A titration experiment is one where one attempts to determine the concentration of a sample
solution by reacting two samples in such a way that the exact volume of the two reactants are
known. If the concentration of one of the two reactant solutions is known exactly, then one can
determine the concentration of the second solution accurately.

As illustrated below, a measured volume of the analyte – typically the acid – is placed in the
Erlenmeyer flask at the bottom along with an indicator. The indicator is a compound that will
change color when the reaction has completed to the end point.[1] A volumetric pipet is typically
used to measure out the exact amount of analyte needed.

The buret is filled with base solution. While the base is slowly added to the Erlenmeyer flask,
reaction occurs as long as acid is present in the flask. When the last molecules of acid have
reacted, the next drop of base will react with the indicator as shown by reaction, and the
solution will turn pink. Reaction is a neutralization reaction where base reacts with the acid

Acid-base titrations Chemistry Questions with Solutions

Q1: If 83 mL of 0.45 M NaOH solution neutralizes a 235 mL HCl solution. Calculate the
molarity of the HCl solution.

Q2. What is the self-ionization of water?


Q3. What is the common-ion effect?

Q4. Give the reason for the following statement: The addition of CH3COONa to CH3COOH
increases the pH whereas the addition of NH4Cl to aqueous ammonia solution (NH4OH)
decreases the pH of the system.

Q5. How do the buffer solutions resist the change in pH?

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