Internship report on T&T Elevators

2011

CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION TO T&T ELECTROMECHANICAL ENGINEERING WORKS

T&T electromechanical engineering work was formed in year 1998, mainly to establish a strong base in the areas of industrial Elevators and supplement the companys pioneering efforts in manufacturing, industry, transportation and erection sectors. Making a modest beginning in 1998, the unit has registered continuous and impressive growth, which is amply reflected in the fact that a large number of lift/elevators in Bangalore today, are equipped with products and systems made by T&T. T&T is holding over 45% percent of the Market share of elevator Supplies to clients. On September 5, 1998, T&T opened their own workstation in address location 348/5, 1st cross, 1st main sharadamba nagar, MES Road, Jallahalli Village, Bangalore-13 In order to promote their new venture T&T decided to stage a dramatic demonstration of their new safety elevators. T&T Elevator is a one stop for elevators and elevators parts, where the customer will get the product as per his requirements and with excellent quality at affordable price. They have high speed as well as low speed elevators of type hydraulic elevators, dumb waiter, hospital and goods lifts, MRL lift with latest technology. They are the one of the independent elevator supplier, service and installation firm in Bangalore. Key objective of T&T Elevators is total satisfaction. The maintenance and backup systems ensure high reputability and accuracy. Their mission is to provide safe lift operation and customer friendly services by continuously improving the operational systems effectively. T&T Elevators repute for uncompromising quality and service in the field which is built on standard specification. Their registered firm has highly talented, well qualified, well trained and well experienced engineers and technically skilled work force having vast knowledge in Electronics, Electrical and Mechanical engineering of elevators. Overall they offer new elevator installation, upgrade modernization and repair services. T&T Elevators is recognized and appreciated for effective fast installation. T&T electro mechanical engineering works has developed into a renowned manufacturing company, besides being a leading supplier. They are extensively engaged in the
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Internship report on T&T Elevators

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manufacture, supply of technologically advanced elevators. As they are totally focused on quality compliance, they have earned ISO certification. The gamut of products offered by them is a blend of latest technology and industrial expertise, which gives their products a competitive advantage. The products offered by them include industrial elevators, passenger lifts, commercial elevators, goods elevators, elevators maintenance and repair, and multi level car parking. Manufactured using best grade raw material, our range is characterized by features like durability, reliability, material strength, smooth functioning, energy efficient, sturdy construction, user friendly, and easy in operation. Their products have enabled them to earn a huge clientele in the surrounding of Bangalore, and nearby places. In making possible the fabrication of flawless range of elevators and escalators they have state of the art infrastructure at their backing. The infrastructure facility with them comprises of fabrication unit, design unit, quality control unit, warehousing and distribution unit, each unit is provided with the most advanced machinery making the fabrication of innovative range possible. The warehousing and distribution unit has been successfully making the bulk and quick, storage and delivery of consignments a reality. 1.1 About the Firm Organization T&T has modular organization structure to undertake the projects from concept to commissioning. Marketing & sales function Identifies New business areas, new projects and keep continuous touch with the users in meeting their needs (with the changed technology), which generates customer enquiries and subsequently tendering, and order booking. Project management & commercial function Looks after the planning, progress monitoring and coordination for the contracts, and Commercial policies

Erection & commissioning function Looks after the Site Management, Erection and commissioning including civil engineering and total integrated system trials, tuning, optimization, trouble shooting and After Sales Service
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Internship report on T&T Elevators Project engineering function

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Undertakes Project Engineering work, System integration, specification framing, Inspection and Testing, Engineering Coordination and tuning of system at site Materials management function Looks after the Purchasing of equipment as per the customer requirement Human resource management function Responsible for human resources planning, recruitment, training & development, employees welfare, industrial relation, overall human resources management and over all administrative function to meet the day to day requirements. Finance & accounts function Looks after the entire financial management system of the unit Planning & development Planning activity for the operation and keeping management informed periodically by organizing review for on line corrective action. Quality Control Looks after the implementation of Quality Systems and co-ordinates project related Quality Plans, inspection & Testing and maintenance of Quality Records. Number of employs The growth of T&T Elevator led to a further increase in employee numbers in 2006/2007. At the end of the fiscal year the segment employed 20 people around Bangalore. The Groups expansion played a major role in this increase. At the end of September 2010, the employees of company subsidiaries accounted for more than 88% that is around 65 employs of the total workforce. T&T Elevators success depends on highly motivated employees who continue to develop their skills and are prepared to take on demanding activities. To support these employees, they offer a wide range of training and development programs which open up new perspectives not only for those starting out on their career but also for experienced specialist and management staff. The safety of employees

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Internship report on T&T Elevators

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In fiscal year 2005/2006 T&T Elevators further strengthened its health and safety efforts. Each Business Unit has its own Health & Safety Manager who, among other things, is responsible for ensuring that all employees receive safety training and comply with the safety regulations. These efforts to maximize safety apply to all workplaces in the production plants, on site and also in the offices. For the employees in the field organization, experts from all Business Units have developed an international Health and Safety Manual. It is currently being adjusted to take account of national laws and will be introduced in the near future. The Business Units also work closely together in the analysis of accidents at work. To allow them to identify the consequences necessary on basis, the basic principles and definitions used in accident statistics have been standardized internationally. In this way the increased exchange of information can make an efficient contribution to further reducing risks. 1.2 About departments T&T elevators has four main departments namely 1. Design and Manufacturing sector 2. Transportation sector 3. Erection sector and 4. Maintenance Design and Manufacturing sector This sector takes the clients specification and requirement. Attend meetings to consult with the Architect, and Design Team members to discuss the project program and establish design requirements. Unique requirements of the building or anticipated occupancy and their influence on the vertical transportation systems are identified and provide a final analysis report from the schematic design studies and final solutions. Provide detailed CADD generated design information and arrangements for the development plan selected. Information shall include: a. Scaled general arrangement drawings in the format requested by Owner
b. Information for interface with other engineering disciplines; i.e., structural, electrical, and

mechanical requirements.
c. Information for interface with related work to be accomplished by other Trades. d. Drawings for special or unique applications. And then establish the analysis design

criteria for manufacturing of parts required for construction of elevator. And the final fabrication of lift cabin or car.

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Internship report on T&T Elevators Transportation sector

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Company has their own transportation vehicles to load and unload the materials requested by the company to be transported to the particular location of sight and factory. Company has 3 small trucks and 2 utility vehicles which delver the material on time to sight. Erection sector The erection sector undergo following things: Site Survey of Lift Shaft Installation of Rails Installation of Door Frames Installation of Outside Doors, Indicators and push buttons Assembly of Cabin Installation of Motor Main Cable Installation, Connection to BMS if applicable. Testing Complete Installation of Interior Finishes Balancing and Commissioning

These are the basic steps, other requirements will apply per specifications. Maintenance sector
1. Provide preventive maintenance and 24-hour emergency call-back service for of one year

commencing on date of final acceptance. Systematically examine, adjust, clean and lubricate all equipment. Repair or replace defective parts using parts produced by the Manufacturer of installed equipment. Maintain elevator machine room, hoistway, and pit in clean condition.
2. Use competent personnel, acceptable to the owner, supervised and employed by the

Provider.
3. Owner retains the option to delete cost of warranty maintenance from new equipment

contract and remit 12 equal installments directly to Provider during period in which work is being accomplished. 1.3 Factory layouts

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Internship report on T&T Elevators

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Internship report on T&T Elevators

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Fig: Layout of factory first floor

1.4 Process flow chart

Ordered raw material and finished products Finished products includes both electrical and fabrication sheet metal Yard Raw material Inspection Dumb weight lift First floor

Fabrication materials to Fabrication store room

Electrical goods to electrical store room

Finished goods Required by erection Factory store room & commission dept. Working table Yard Erection and commission department

Dumb weight lift

Welding

Gas cutting

Lathe M/c

Drill M/c

Painting room

Inspection

Yard

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Internship report on T&T Elevators 1.5 Their production and supply goods

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Side Opening Manual Sliding Door (SOMD)

Collapsible gate

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Internship report on T&T Elevators Centre opening automatic Power doors (COPD)

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Imperforated gate (IFG) (COPD)

Swing door (SD)

Capsule

Control Board

Control boards
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Internship report on T&T Elevators

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Machine room less traction elevator

Machine less traction elevator

Hydraulic elevator

Capsule elevator
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Internship report on T&T Elevators

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Gearless motors

Geared motors

Elevator ropes

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Internship report on T&T Elevators

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CHAPTER 2 ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGIES

2.1 History of Elevators Imagine the skyline of a modern city if the elevator did not exist. Buildings would be limited to five or six stories. Most of the architecture of the 20th and 21st century would be impossible. Office towers, hotels and high-rise apartments would hardly stand in their present form. But in 1852, one man helped change the face of the worlds cities. That was the year Elisha Graves Otis invented the safety elevator, giving rise to the modern skyline. To gain some idea of the effect of this one advancement, consider that today, elevators move the equivalent of the worlds population every 72 hours. Elisha Graves Otis was born in 1811 on a farm in Halifax, Vermont. As a young man, he tried his hand at several careers, all with limited success. But, in 1852, his luck changed when his employer, the Bedstead Manufacturing Company, asked him to design a freight elevator. Determined to overcome a fatal hazard in lift design, unsolved since its earliest days, Otis invented a safety brake that would suspend the car safely in the shaft if an elevator cable snapped. And the worlds first safety lift was born.

2.2Types of Elevators This section intends to provide an overview of typical lift or elevator technologies. Lift systems have generally been individually engineered for each application. Each of its components contributes differently to the overall efficiency of the lift. All lifts have common elements, independently of their working principle, including: cars (also called a "cage" or "cab), doors, lights, ventilation, a motor and a control device. The car travels within an enclosed space called the shaft or hoistway. There are two main classes of lifts: hydraulic and traction lifts. Traction lifts can be further subdivided into two categories: geared and gearless. Figure 21 shows the typical range of rises for different lift technologies used today. Note: MRL Machine Room less; MR with Machine Room
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Figure 21 Typical rises for currently used lift technologies 2.3 Traction Lifts Electric traction lifts can nowadays be used in almost all applications without any considerable limitations regarding travel height, speed or load. A wide range of speeds is available from 0.25 m/s to 17 m/s and also of loads some goods lifts can have rated loads in excess of 10.000 kg although normally at very low speeds. In traction lifts, the car is suspended by ropes wrapped around a sheave that is driven by an electric motor. The weight of the car is usually balanced by a counterweight that equals the mass of the car plus 45% to 50% of the rated load. The purpose of the counterweight is to make sure a sufficient tension is maintained in the suspension system so as to ensure adequate traction is developed between ropes/belts and drive sheave. In addition, it maintains a near constant potential energy level in the system as a whole, heavily reducing energy consumption. Traditionally, electric traction lifts were equipped with DC motors due to their easy controllability, but the development of variable frequency drives led to the introduction of the now prevalent AC induction motors or permanent magnet DC motors. These drives provide excellent ride conditions, with smooth acceleration and deceleration and high leveling accuracy.

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Figure 22 Simplified representation of a typical conventional traction lift installation There are two main types of traction lifts: geared and gearless. Geared lifts use a reduction gear to reduce the speed of the car while in gearless lifts the sheave is directly coupled to the motor.

2.3.1 Geared Lifts

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Geared lifts are typically used in midrise applications (7 to 20 floors) where high speed is not a major concern (typical speeds range from 0,1 m/s to 2,5 m/s). The reduction gear allows the use of smaller, less expensive motors that can thus work at higher speeds, producing the desired torque. The machine typically consists of the motor, brake, gearbox and traction sheave. The most commonly used reduction gear is still of the worm type, comprising a worm and a worm wheel. 2.3.2 Gearless Lifts In Gearless lifts, the sheave is driven directly by the motor, thus eliminating losses in the gear train. This type of lift has normally been used in high rise applications with nominal speeds between 2.5 m/s and 10 m/s. However, recent developments have made it available for use in low rise buildings and for speeds lower than 2.5 m/s. The machine in gearless lifts consists of a motor, traction sheave and brake. Since the motor is directly coupled to the traction sheave, there are no transmission losses and they both rotate at the same speed. The motor must, therefore, rotate at a very low speed the rope speed is equal to the circumference of the sheave multiplied by the rotational speed of the motor. For example, for a rated speed of 5 m/s and a sheave diameter of 750 mm the required motor speed is of only 128 rpm. 2.3.3 Machine Roomless Lifts Saving highly valued construction space has always been a concern for lift designers and it has been the driver of highly innovative technological solutions. Conventionally, all lifts, either traction or hydraulic, required a machine room where the motor and pump, in the case of hydraulic lifts and a control cabinet were stored (see figures 23 and 24) due to the size of the equipment. This machine room was typically located above the lift shaft for traction lifts (or below for hydraulic lifts). Evolution in permanent magnet motor technology (see p. 23) and motor drives (see p. 17) allowed a significant reduction in the size and shape of these components which, in turn, made it possible to fit all the equipment directly into the lift shaft (these lifts are normally equipped with high efficiency gearless permanent magnet motors). Also, the size of the motor is reduced by the roping system used (see pp. 33). The ends of the cables are fixed to the supporting structure, and suspension sheaves are provided above (or below) the car and counterweight creating a forcemultiplying, compound pulley system. With 2:1 or 4:1 roping, car speed is reduced to 1/2 or 1/4, respectively, of the rope speed, and the load on the rope is reduced to 1/2 or 1/4 as well, hence the diameter and number of ropes can be reduced and a smaller motor can be used. Figure 25 shows the typical configuration of a Machine Roomless lift with 2:1 roping arrangement.
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Some manufacturers have gone even further, presenting solutions with 10:1 roping systems, avoiding the need for a counterweight and, therefore, freeing up space for a larger car. This product is directed at renovations since it is able to substitute older and more confined cars with bigger ones that can better accommodate wheelchairs or baby carriers, for example. Machine roomless (MRL) lifts were initially limited by factors such as travel height, speed and capacity, but nowadays they can be provided with travel distances of up to 80 m, capacities of eight (630 kg) to 21 people (1.600 kg), and contract speeds of up to 2,5 m/s. Another advantage of MRL lifts is that the high efficiencies of modern traction gearless machines used rarely require additional ventilation. MRL lifts offer alternative solutions without the limitations on speed and rise that may apply to a hydraulic installation and at competitive prices.

Figure 25 Machine Roomless Lift typical configuration 2.3.4 Construction and working of traction elevators The elevator car itself is constructed with a steel framework for durability and strength. A set of steel beams above the car, called the crosshead, span the elevator shaft from side to side and hold the pulley for the hoist cable. A steel structure, called the sling, extends down the sides of the car from the crosshead and cradles the floor, or platform. The sides of a passenger elevator car are usually made from steel sheet and are trimmed on the inside with decorative paneling. The floor of the car may be tiled or carpeted. Handrails and other interior trim may be made from
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stainless steel for appearance and wear ability. A suspended ceiling is usually hung below the actual top of the car and may contain fluorescent lighting above plastic diffuser panels. The elevator controls, alarm buttons, and emergency telephone are contained behind panels in the front of the car, next to the doors. In a simple installation, the lift shaft of concrete or masonry forms the part of service core. Guide rails run the length of the shaft to keep the car and counterweight from swaying or twisting during their travel. Steel guide rollers or guide shoes are attached to the top and bottom of the sling structure to provide smooth travel along the guide rails. The emergency brake mechanism consists of two clamping faces which can be driven together by a wedge to squeeze on the guide rail. The wedge is activated by a screw turned by a drum attached to the emergency cable. 2.4 Hydraulic Lifts Hydraulic lifts are by far the most common type of lift installed in low rise applications (up to 6 or 7 floors). One of the main reasons for its wide acceptance in some European countries is its relatively low initial cost. This type of lift uses a hydraulic cylinder to move the car. An electric motor drives a pump which forces a fluid into the cylinder. Valves control the fluid flow for a gentle descent, allowing the hydraulic fluid (usually oil) to flow back to the tank. In some cases, the cylinder is placed in a hole in the ground. Some types of holeless hydraulic lifts can be found in the market for lowrise applications, which substantially reduce the risk of groundwater contamination. Due to restrictive laws in European countries, hydraulic lifts are usually of the telescopic cylinder or roped types. Since hydraulic lifts typically do not have a counterweight, conventional hydraulic lifts are the most inefficient, sometimes consuming three times more electricity than traction lifts. Energy is dissipated as heat as the car travels down. Hydraulic lifts travel at low speeds, typically below 1 m/s. The maximum travel distance for this type of lifts is around 20 m. This is due to the fact that as travel height increases, larger diameter pistons have to be used to resist the larger buckling forces. This increases the costs of equipment which makes the use hydraulic lifts less attractive when there are better alternatives.

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Figure 26 Simplified representation of a typical conventional hydraulic lift installation 2.4.1Working of hydraulic elevators Hydraulic elevator systems lift a car using a hydraulic ram, a fluid-driven piston mounted inside a cylinder. All the weight of the elevator cab is supported on the piston. The cylinder is connected to a fluid-pumping system (typically, hydraulic systems like this use oil, but other incompressible fluids would also work). The hydraulic system has three parts: A tank (the fluid reservoir) A pump, powered by an electric motor A valve between the cylinder and the reservoir The pump forces fluid from the tank into a pipe leading to the cylinder. When the valve is opened, the pressurized fluid will take the path of least resistance and return to the fluid reservoir. But when the valve is closed, the pressurized fluid has nowhere to go except into the cylinder. As the fluid collects in the cylinder, it pushes the piston up, lifting the elevator car. When the car approaches the correct floor, the control system sends a signal to the electric motor to gradually shut off the pump. With the pump off, there is no more fluid flowing

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into the cylinder, but the fluid that is already in the cylinder cannot escape (it can't flow backward through the pump, and the valve is still closed). The piston rests on the fluid, and the car stays where it is. To lower the car, the elevator control system sends a signal to the valve. The valve is operated electrically by a basic solenoid switch. When the solenoid opens the valve, the fluid that has collected in the cylinder can flow out into the fluid reservoir. The weight of the car and the cargo pushes down on the piston, which drives the fluid into the reservoir. The car gradually descends. To stop the car at a lower floor, the control system closes the valve again. The electric motor is redundant during descend.

Besides low initial cost, hydraulic lifts present some advantages over traction lifts, namely:

Installation is very simple and fast. Space occupied by equipment, such as controls, motor, and pump is little and, therefore, the overhead machine room becomes unnecessary. These parts are normally located in lowcost areas of the building such as basements or below stairs.

Conventional hydraulic units do not have counterweights which allows for narrower shafts. The absence of counterweights also diminishes the load on the buildings structure.

The load is transferred to the ground and not to the buildings structure which translates into lower construction requirements and costs. Emergency procedures in hydraulic lifts are relatively simple. The car can be lowered by means of a manually operated emergency valve. Likewise, a hand pump can be used to lift the car in the event of power failure or control equipment failure. Some of the disadvantages of conventional hydraulic lifts are:
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High energy consumption since the entire weight of the car must be lifted. High demand on the power supply when moving up Limited rise, speed of operation and number of starts per hour. Because oil viscosity changes with temperature, oil cooling or heating is sometimes required to maintain ride quality and performance.

2.4.2 Basic Types of Hydraulic Elevators The hydraulic lifts are of two types. They are: 1. Direct-acting hydraulic lift, and 2. Suspended hydraulic lift 2.4.3Direct acting hydraulic lifts: The system consists of a ram which slides inside a fixed cylinder. The cylinder has suitable openings at the bottom for the hydraulic fluid to enter and also suitably designed to allow the ram to slide up and down. The ram is attached to the top of the car, which acts as a capsule carrying people or goods. The ram is pushed up by the pressure of hydraulic fluid acting beneath. Thus the cage moves up to various floors as per the need. The cage is moved in downward direction by allowing oil to get drained from the cylinder back to the oil reservoir. Guide rails are required to guide the ram in a vertical plane. Car speed up to 125 feet per minute (38.1 meters per minute) is attained and maximum travel length is 12 feet (3.6m). Working: When the pump delivers oil to the bottom of the cylinder, as the valve meant for the recirculation remains closed, the oil beneath the bottom of the ram gets pressurized and this pressurized oil lifts the ram (cage). When the cage has to be lowered, the oil is drained back to the oil reservoir by keeping the valve open. The time for which the valve is kept open is decided by the electro-magnetic switch, which gets its signal from the people who use the lift. 2.4.4 Suspended Hydraulic Lifts: It has a cage (on which people can stand or goods can be placed), which is suspended from a wire cable, and a jigger consisting of a fixed cylinder, a sliding ram, and a set of two pulley blocks, which is provided at the foot of the hole of the cage. One pulley block is movable while the other one is fixed. The sliding ram end is connected to the movable pulley block. The cage is suspended from the other end of the rope. The raising or lowering of the cage of the lift is done by the jigger. This arrangement is used to increase the speed of the lift by a 2:1 roping ratio. Car speed up to 150 feet per minute is attained and maximum travel length is 48 feet (14m).
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Internship report on T&T Elevators Working:

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Water or any hydraulic fluid at a high pressure is admitted into the fixed cylinder of the jigger. This high pressure hydraulic fluid pushes the sliding ram to move towards left side as shown in the figure. When the sliding ram moves towards the left side, the distance between the fixed and movable pulleys increases and thus the cage is lifted up. When the water or the hydraulic fluid under high pressure inside the cylinder is released, then the distance between the two pulleys decreases and thus the cage comes down. Thus the suspended-type hydraulic lifts are more popular than direct type lifts. Besides the above basic arrangements, hydraulic elevators can also be installed with more than one cylinder. On some, the hydraulic piston (plunger) consists of telescoping concentric tubes, allowing a shallow tube to contain the mechanism below the lowest floor. On others, the piston requires a deeper hole below the bottom landing, usually with a PVC casing (also known as a caisson) for protection. 2.5 Hoist drives The motor component of the elevator machine can be either a direct current (DC) motor or an alternating current (AC) motor. A DC motor had a good starting torque and ease of speed control. An AC motor is more regularly used because of its ruggedness and simplicity. A motor is chosen depending on design intent for the elevator. Power required to start the car in motion is equal to the power to overcome static, or stationary friction, and to accelerate the mass from rest to full speed. Considerations that must be included in the choice of an acceptable motor are good speed regulation and good starting torque. In addition, heating of various electrical components in continuous service should not be excessive. Various alternatives of hoist motor drives include: DC motor drive with motor generator set (DCMG) DC motor drive with solid state controller (DCSS) AC - 2 speed motor drive AC motor drive with variable voltage controller (ACVV) AC motor drive with variable voltage and variable frequency controller (ACVVVF) DCMG has large energy losses in the motor and generator arrangement, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and finally back to electrical energy again. DCMG

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drive is NOT recommended, due to its low inherent efficiency and also because its application requires it to be kept running when the elevator is idle. The two speed AC motors are also considered energy inefficient. These two speed motors are usually started up with resistance in the high-speed winding, whilst smooth deceleration is obtained by inserting a buffer resistance, either in the low- or high-speed winding during transition to low speed. The insertion of buffer resistance and choke wastes much energy during the start up and deceleration. ACVV and ACVVVF systems are the most energy efficient option. ACVV requires approximately 70% of the input energy for the same output whereas ACVVVF will only require 50%. If the energy to be fed back into the mains supply is taken into account, a further reduction of 5% (i.e. 45%) of energy can be achieved for the ACVVVF. In principle: Geared traction machines virtually use variable-voltage; variable frequency (VVVF) AC drives systems. Gearless traction machines use DC or AC motors. DC motors driven by motor generator (MG) are best suited when there is a possibility of fluctuating line voltage or the facility contains very sensitive electronic equipment. DC motors driven by silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR) use less power and require less maintenance, however, they are currently more expensive than MG. Now days, virtually all new gearless traction machines use AC motors driven by the VV or VVVF drive. Hydraulic elevator applications typically use AC motors. Direct across-the-line starting is utilized for motors less than 40 hp and the larger ones use wye-delta starting.

2.6 Choice between hydraulic and traction elevators Hydraulic elevator: Hydraulic elevators operate at slower speeds and serve up to 14 meter of travel. These are recommended for light usage low height installations.
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Internship report on T&T Elevators Benefits Lower ownership costs Quick installation Doesnt need a penthouse or overhead support to house the machinery Flexibility in the location of the motor room Upon power failure the lift lowers to the ground floor and releases the door. Drawbacks Noisy, slow and poor ride quality High on energy consumption May cause potential environmental damage from leaking hydraulic fluid. Traction Elevator:

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Roped traction elevators are much more efficient and safer. Geared traction elevators typically serve mid-rise buildings with speeds ranging 0.5 to 2.0 m/s and gearless traction elevators can serve buildings of any height with speeds of 2.5 m/s and higher. Benefits Faster and smoother ride More energy efficient Cost little more to buy. Speed Comparison The speed of the elevator shall be within the following ranges and chosen to suit the specific building requirements as part of the elevator traffic analysis: Hydraulic passenger elevators - 0.25 to 0.75 m/s. Geared traction passenger elevators - 0.5 to 2.0 m/s. Gearless traction passenger elevators - 2.5 m/s and greater. Lift Comparison The lift of the elevator shall be within the following ranges and chosen to suit the specific building requirements as part of the elevator traffic analysis:
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Geared traction passenger elevators 30 meter rise up to 10 storeys.

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Gearless traction passenger elevators above 10 storeys.

CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

3.1 Introduction At this stage of design, the number and arrangement of vertical transportation equipment should be virtually set. Work should continue to refine machine room layout and location and develop the information necessary to prepare performance based technical specifications. It is
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especially important that coordination between different engineering disciplines occur early in the Design Development Stage. The majority of the coordination issues should be addressed within the Elevator Consultants Design Data (layouts). This includes the sizing of equipment areas, power data, equipment heat emission data, and structural forces. All structural data for UT projects shall account for seismic forces, where applicable. 3.2 Permission to erect a lift Materials and workmanship shall conform to and comply with the latest edition of Indian Standards and in the absence of Indian Standards, to internationally accepted standards such as ASTM, ISO, British Standards etc., subject to acceptance by the owner. The Tendered shall indicate in the tender the list of the standards to which the materials, components, and workmanship would conform. To get permission from Karnataka government the following things to be done:
1. Every owner of a place intending to install a lift in such place after the commencement of
Karnataka Lifts Act, 1974, shall make an application to such officer. As the Government

may authorize in this behalf for permission to erect such lift. Such application shall be in writing and in such form as may be prescribed. Such application shall specify :
1.

The type of the lift The rated maximum speed of the lift The makers or designers rated capacity in weight The maximum number of passengers in addition to the lift operator which the lift can carry The total weight of the lift car carrying the maximum load The weight of the counterweight The number, description, weight and size of the supporting cables The depth of the pit from the lowest part of the car when at the lowest floor Such details of the construction of the overhead arrangement with the weight and sizes of the beams as may be prescribed and such other particulars may be prescribed. On receipt of such application the officer authorized under this section shall, after

making such enquiry and requiring the applicant to furnish such information as may be necessary, forward the application with his remarks to the Government. The Government may thereupon either grant or refuse the permission. Such permission shall be valid only for a period of six months from the date on which it is granted. 2. Example of application produced by owner for permission as shown below.
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Internship report on T&T Elevators 3.3 Technical data for passenger elevators

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3.4 Engineering activities:

Engineering activities to be performed by the contractor shall include the phases but not be limited to the following as relevant to the scope of work included in the specification: A. Schematic Design Phase B. Design Development Phase C. Construction Documents Phase D. Bidding and Negotiation Phase E. Construction Services Phase F. Any other work / activity, which is not listed above, however is necessary for the completion or certification of lift. 3.4.1 Schematic Design Phase:
1. Attend meetings to consult with the Architect and Design Team members to discuss the

project program and establish design requirements. Unique requirements of the building or anticipated occupancy and their influence on the vertical transportation systems are identified at this time. 2. Establish the analysis design criteria.
3. Utilize the selected design criteria and projected populations to conduct a vertical

transportation equipment analysis. Select and recommend the most-viable alternatives.

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4. Submit a written report based upon the analysis and preliminary planning indicated on

the schematic architectural drawings. Report shall include: a. A definition of the selected design criteria and terms.
b. Establish criteria to obtain proper levels of vertical transportation service.

c. Results of computer and/or manual study and analysis calculations. d. Recommended solutions.
e. Deviations from Facilities Standards covering vertical transportation equipment,

if any.
5. Attend meetings to discuss the report and alternative solutions. Update the analysis and

recommendations based upon the revised designs. Studies shall continue until a final design is selected by the Owner and designer. Upon resolution and selection of final design, the following preliminary information shall be provided:
a. Basic elevator core dimensions and arrangements in a CADD format.

b. Outline specifications. c. Equipment budget estimates. 6. The example of designee phase and some of standard technical specifications to be followed while schematic design phase considering above points is as shown below:

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Fig: Basic elevator core dimensions and arrangements in a CADD format

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Internship report on T&T Elevators 3.4.2 Some of Standard technical Specifications:

Automatic Center Opening Door Lift

2011

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Internship report on T&T Elevators 3.4.3 Design Development Phase

2011

7. Provide a final analysis report from the schematic design studies and final solutions.

8. Provide final outlines of equipment for budget pricing.

9. Provide detailed CADD generated design information and arrangements for the

development plan selected. Information shall include:

a. Scaled general arrangement drawings in the format requested by owner b. Information for interface with other engineering disciplines; i.e., structural,

electrical, and mechanical requirements.

c. Information for interface with related work to be accomplished by other Trades.

d. Drawings for special or unique applications. 10. Verify conformance with related codes. 11. Provide a final budget estimate of the equipment costs. 3.4.4 Construction Documents Phase
12. Provide architectural layout drawings for the vertical transportation equipment. Provide

written comments along with advice, assistance or information on any items related to the drawings, as requested by the Architect.
13. Prepare a detailed and complete performance-based specification in the standard format.

The specification shall include specific performance criteria, compliance with current codes, and establish the equipment quality level. Bid documents shall be configured to encourage competitive bidding. 14. Update equipment budget estimates to reflect the final designs. 3.4.5 Bidding and Negotiation Phase 15. Provide assistance on any bidding matter. Such assistance shall include: a. Consultations on bidding procedure.
b. Evaluate the bids, clarify exceptions and ambiguities with the Bidders, and submit

written recommendations. c. Assist with contract negotiations. d. Attend or conduct bid review meetings. e. Establish and review the material/delivery construction schedule.

3.4.6 Construction Services Phase

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16. Review shop drawings submitted by Elevator Contractor Facilities Standards, and contract document compliance. Review comments shall be incorporated on two blue line drawings.
17. Conduct periodic installation reviews to determine that work is proceeding in accordance

with the Contract Documents, Standards, and in general conformity with the intent of the design concept. Submit written reports which shall include the following: a. List items of nonconformity. b. Percentage of equipment and components on the site and installed.
c. Percentage of overall completion of individual or groups of elevators. d. Identify equipment or components not on the job site which could affect the

installation schedule.
e.

Review applicability of Temporary Acceptance forms. Attend job site meetings to assist in resolution of installation problems.

f. Review and comment on progress billing and verify Change Orders.

18. Conduct a final installation review to document equipment compliance and performance

with the contract requirements. Provide the Architect and Owner with a written report covering the measured performance data and itemized deficiencies. Make one additional review per elevator group to verify compliance with the deficiency report. (The job should then be substantially complete and operating in accordance with specified performance guarantees.) If additional reviews are required, they shall be billed as Additional Services. 19. Establish substantial completion and final completion dates. 20. Review contract close-out documents and warranties. 3.5 Modernization, Survey and Report
A. Conduct a detailed survey of the present elevator equipment to determine its condition

and potential for reuse in the modernization program. B. Perform a computerized elevator group data logger survey on elevator groups of three cars or more to determine the "before" modernization average system response times.
C. Investigate the building requirements for elevator service and analyze the needs of the

present and projected tenants.

D. Provide the Owner with a written report documenting the survey and analysis results. The

report shall contain: a. Recommendations on the types of equipment needed for modernization. b. A summary of the present equipment that can be retained.
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Internship report on T&T Elevators c. Modernization options.

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d. Identify current Code requirements, non-code complying building conditions, and

disabled accessibility requirements. e. Identify related work required by other Trades.

f. Provide a cost estimate for the recommended elevator modernization program.

g. Provide a schedule for the modernization activities. E. Meet with the Client to discuss the report and the recommended modernization program.
F. Preparation of bid documents, bid procedures and construction services shall then be

performed as detailed for new installations. 3.6 Equipment selection Selection of geared traction, gearless traction, or hydraulic elevators shall be determined by elevatoring analysis as well as estimated equipment costs. The elevator capacity shall be determined via the elevatoring analysis studies. At a minimum, platform sizes shall meet disabled access requirements and provide the capability of carrying a medical stretcher 24 inches wide and 78 inches long. Hydraulic Elevators Direct plunger hydraulic elevators may be employed for travel distances up to 45 feet with the following considerations:
1. Contract speed shall not exceed 150 feet per minute (fpm.) 2. Elevatoring analysis must demonstrate that a hydraulic application will meet the Owners

criteria for good elevator service.

3. Calculations to determine anticipated up-starts per hour shall accompany the elevatoring

analysis reports. Up-starts per hour shall not exceed 120.

4. Machine rooms, where possible, shall be located at the bottom terminal floor, adjacent to

the hoistway. Holeless hydraulic equipment meeting the above criteria may be considered with the following clarifications:
1. Cantilevered units will not be considered. Dual jacks will be provided on all installations.

2. Telescoping jacks will not be considered. 3. Travel distances shall not exceed 45 feet. 4. The following hydraulic elevators can be installed according to the requirements

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Traction Elevators Most Campus structures in excess of four stories will require the application of geared traction equipment. Overhead machine rooms are preferred. The following criteria shall be met when selecting geared equipment. 1. Travel distance shall not exceed 160 feet
2. Speed shall be limited to 450 fpm 3. AC motor control shall have at least a five year track record of proven, successful

service.

CHAPTER 4 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE

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Internship report on T&T Elevators 4.1 Introduction

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Specifications shall include an outline of the required equipment followed by a detailed narrative addressing each major component area, required performance levels, and quality level. The outline or summary section shall identify the type and number of elevators and their specific physical characteristics. At a minimum the following shall be covered: 4.2 Summary The type or intended usage of elevators shall be clearly defined. For example, Low-Rise, geared Passenger Elevators. A separate summary shall be provided for each type of elevator on the project.

NUMBER: CAPACITY: SPEED: ROPING: installations. SUPERVISORY CONTROL:

Indicate the quantity of elevators of this type. Indicate the elevator capacity in pounds. Indicate the elevator speed in feet per minute. 1:1 roping is preferred on all geared

Approved supervisory control systems shall be clearly defined.

OPERATIONAL CONTROL:

Approved operational control systems shall be clearly defined.

MOTOR CONTROL:

Approved motor control systems shall be clearly defined.

POWER CHARACTERISTICS:

Typically

480V,

3-Phase,

60

Hertz.

Power

characteristics should be carefully confirmed on all modernization projects. STOPS: OPENINGS: FLOORS SERVED: TRAVEL: Indicate the number of floors served. Indicate the number of openings served. Provide the names of the floors served. Indicate the overall travel distance.

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Internship report on T&T Elevators PLATFORM SIZE:

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Preferably a standard configuration based upon a standard capacity.

MINIMUM INSIDE CLEAR SIZE: ENTRANCE SIZE: ENTRANCE TYPE:

Ensure compliance with Code. Minimum of 3'-6" wide x 7'-0" high. Single-speed, elevators. center opening for passenger

elevators; two-speed, side opening for service

DOOR OPERATION: DOOR PROTECTION:

Reference Approved Products List. Infrared curtain units only. Reference Approved Products List.

MACHINE: MACHINE LOCATION: SAFETY:

Geared or Gearless. Overhead. Type B only. Provide counterweight safety if occupied space exists beneath pit.

GUIDE RAILS:

Planed steel tees. Guide rails shall be sized to meet bracket spans indicated on drawings.

BUFFERS: COMPENSATION:

Oil at speeds over 200 fpm. Encapsulated chain at speeds up to 500 fpm. Wire rope at speeds above 500 fpm. Pit guide sheaves shall be provided in all cases.

CAR ENCLOSURE:

Car finishes shall be of durable material. Decorative drop ceilings shall not be used. Lighting shall be flush with canopy and vandal resistant. Service elevators shall be finished in textured stainless steel. Minimum car height shall be 8'-0 for passenger cars and 10'-0" for service cars. Base car construction shall be of a 14 gauge steel shell and 12 gauge steel canopy. Front returns shall be of 14 gauge stainless steel.

4.3 Signals:

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Internship report on T&T Elevators REGISTRATION LIGHTS:

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A single hall button riser shall be provided for groups up to three elevators. Single car stations shall be provided. All car and corridor fixtures shall be vandal-resistant, and illuminated L.E.D.s.

POSITION INDICATOR:

Digital with direction arrows. Locate as directed by Architect.

HALL LANTERNS:

On all elevators serving three or more landings. Provide with stainless steel faceplate and adjustable electronic chime or tone.

IN-CAR LANTERNS:

Can be provided on two-stop units only.

HALL CAR POSITION INDICATOR: Digital with direction arrows. Provide at ground floor entrance of service elevators only. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: Self-dialing, vandal-resistant, push to talk, two-way communication system with recall, tracking and voiceless communication. FIXTURE SUBMITTAL: Submit brochures depicting Manufacturers

proposed design with bid. 4.4 Materials The following material standards shall be met on all projects:
a.

Steel: 1. Sheet Steel (Furniture Steel for Exposed Work): Stretcher-leveled, cold-rolled, commercial-quality carbon steel, complying with ASTM A366, matte finish. 2. Sheet Steel (for Unexposed Work): Hot-rolled, commercial-quality carbon steel, pickled and oiled, complying with ASTM A568 and A569. 3. Structural Steel Shapes and Plates: ASTM A7, ASTM and A36.

a. Stainless Steel: Type 302 or 304 complying with ASTM A167, with standard tempers

and hardness required for fabrication, strength and durability. Apply mechanical finish on fabricated work in the locations shown or specified, (Federal Standard and NAAMM nomenclature), with texture and reflectivity required to match Architect's sample. Protect with adhesive-paper covering.
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1. No. 4: Bright directional polish (satin finish). Graining directions as shown or, if not shown, in longest dimension. 2. No. 8: Reflective polish (mirror finish). Division 14 Facilities Standards for UT Vertical Conveying Systems 32 3. Textured: 5WL pattern with .050 inches mean pattern depth with bright directional polish (satin finish). 4. Non-directional, random swirl pattern.
a.

Aluminum: Extrusions per ASTM B221, sheet and plate per ASTM B209 Type 7, 0.050" .005" thick; color and texture as follows: a) Exposed Surfaces: Color and texture selected by Architect. b) Concealed Surfaces: Manufacturer's standard color and finish.

b. Plastic Laminate: ASTM E84 Class A and NEMA LD3.1, Fire-Rated Grade (GP-50),

a.

Paint: Clean exposed metal of oil, grease, scale and other foreign matter and factory paint one shop coat of Manufacturer's standard rust-resistant primer. After erection, provide one finish coat of Industrial enamel paint. Galvanized metal need not be painted.

b.

Prime Finish: Clean all surfaces receiving a baked enamel finish of oil, grease and scale. Apply one coat of rust-resistant mineral paint followed by a filler coat over uneven surfaces. Sand smooth and apply final coat of mineral paint.

c. e.

Marble: Refer to appropriate Specification Section. Glass: Laminated safety glass, minimum 9/16" thick, conforming to ANSI Z97.1.

d. Carpet: Refer to appropriate Specification Section.

4.5 Car performance a. Speed:

1. Traction Elevators: 3% of contract speed under any loading condition. 2. Hydraulic Elevators: 10% of contract speed under a full load up condition. a. Capacity: Safely lower, stop and hold up to 125% of rated load.

b. Stopping Accuracy:
1. Traction Elevators: 1/4" under any loading condition. 2. Hydraulic Elevators: 3/8" under any loading condition. a. Door Opening Time*: Seconds from start of opening to fully open:

1. 3'-6" wide, single-speed, center opening doors: a. Traction: 1.6 seconds. b. Hydraulic: 2.1 seconds. 2. 4'-0" wide, single-speed, center opening doors:
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Internship report on T&T Elevators a. Traction: 1.7 seconds. b. Hydraulic: 2.2 seconds. 3. 3'-6" wide, side opening doors: a. Traction: 2.3 seconds. b. Hydraulic: 3.1 seconds. 4. 4'-0" wide, side opening doors: a. Traction: 2.5 seconds. b. Hydraulic: 3.5 seconds. 5. 4'-6" wide, side opening doors (all elevators): 2.7 seconds.

2011

*Values based on 7'-0" to 7'-6" high doors. For 7'-6" to 8'-6" high doors, add the following factor to door open and door close time: .5 seconds for widths up to 42" and 1 second for widths over 42".
a. Door Closing Time: Seconds from start of closing to fully closed: Door closing time

shall be adjusted within Code limits. Shop drawings provided by installer shall indicate pertinent weight data and door close time calculations.
b. Start-to-Stop Motion Time*: Seconds from start of hoist machine motion until machine

motion comes to a complete stop with car level and stopped at next successive floor under any loading condition or travel direction (12'-0" typical floor height; adjust .2 seconds per foot of travel on traction equipment and .5 seconds on hydraulic equipment): 1. Traction at 200 fpm.: 6.5 seconds. 2. Traction at 350 fpm.: 5.6 seconds. 3. Traction at 450 fpm.: 5.2 seconds. *Values are based upon 3'-6" wide, center opening doors. If necessary, adjust per D above.
a. Floor-to-Floor Performance Time*: Seconds from start of doors closing until doors are

3/4 open (2 open for side opening doors) and car level and stopped at next successive floor under any loading condition or travel direction (12'-0" typical floor height; adjust .2 seconds per foot of travel on traction equipment and .5 seconds on hydraulic equipment):
1. Hydraulic at 100 fpm. 14.0 seconds. 2. Hydraulic at 125 fpm. 13.0 seconds. 3. Hydraulic at 150 fpm. 12.5 seconds. 4. Traction at 200 fpm. 10.0 seconds. 5. Traction at 350 fpm. 9.1 seconds. 6. Traction at 450 fpm. 8.7 seconds.

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*Values are based upon 3'-6" wide, center opening doors. If necessary, adjust per D above. a. Ride Quality (Geared Traction):
1. Horizontal acceleration within car during all riding and door operating conditions:

Not more than 15 mg peak to peak in the 1-10 Hz range.

2. Acceleration

and

Deceleration:

Smooth

constant

and

not

more

than

feet/second/second with an initial ramp between 0.5 and 0.75 second. 3. Sustained Jerk: Not more than 6 feet/second/second squared.
a. Airborne Noise: Measured noise level of elevator equipment and its operation shall not

exceed 50 dBa in elevator lobbies and 60 dBa inside elevator car under any condition including door operation and car ventilation exhaust blower on its highest speed. 4.6 System performance System-Response Time: Meet the following criteria during any 60-minute peak period as measured by duration of all hall call registration times: 1. System-Response Time: Not more than 20 seconds.
2. Hall Calls Answered within 30 Seconds: Not less than 75%. 3. Hall Calls Answered within 60 Seconds: Not less than 98%. Base above performance

on not more than 250 hall calls being registered within 60 minute period, all cars in group operation during test period, and floors not served by all elevators not included in test. 4.7 Hoistway equipment
a. Guide Rails: Planed steel T-sections suitable for the application, car weight,

counterweight, and seismic reactions, with brackets for attachment to building structure. Provide car rail backing and intermediate counterweight tie brackets to meet Code requirements. Provide double bracketing, i.e. top and bottom of floor beam.
b. Sheaves: Machined grooves with sealed bearings. Provide mounting means to machine

beams, machine bedplate, car and counterweight structural members, etc.

c. Frames: Hollow metal, bolted flush head to jamb connection assembly fabricated from

not less than 14-gauge material.

d. Door Panels: Car and Hoistway. Panels: 16-gauge steel, sandwich construction without

binder angles. Provide leading edges of center-opening doors with rubber astragals. Provide a minimum of two gibs per panel, one at leading and one at trailing edge with gibs in the sill groove their entire length of travel. Construct doors higher than 7'-0" with interlocking, stiffening ribs.
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e. Sills: Extruded aluminum. Sill support angles shall be provided and installed by the

Elevator Contractor. Fascia. Fascia, toe guards, and hanger covers shall be hoistway width and fabricated of 14 gauge material. Paint with flat black enamel. 4.8 Car equipment
a. Car Frame: Welded or bolted steel channel construction. b. Platforms: Construct of steel or wood which is fireproofed on the underside. c. Guide Shoes: Roller guides must be spring dampened. d. Door Operators: Reference approved products listing. e. Door Reversal Devices: Reference approved products listing. f. Fixtures: Reference approved products listing. All Code required and specified

engraving shall be provided. Photo etching and/or stick-on signage will not be accepted. Service Cabinet. Provide a lockable service cabinet. Cabinet shall contain: 1. Inspection switch. 2. Light switch. 3. 3-speed exhaust blower switch. 4. Independent service switch. 5. Constant pressure test button for battery pack emergency lighting. 6. 120-volt, AC, GFCI protected electrical convenience outlet. 7. Card reader override switch.

CHAPTER 5 WORK TO BE DONE BY THE SUPPLIER ERECTION COMMISSIONING DEPARTMENT

The Project Architect shall ensure that all work related to the installation of elevators (that which is not going to be installed by the Elevator Contractor) is included in the proper specification section. Related work can include the following:
5.1 Hoistway

Clear, plumb, substantially flush hoistway with variations not to exceed 1"at any point.

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Bevel cants not less than 75M with the horizontal on any rear or side wall ledges and beams that project or recess 2" or more into the hoistway. Notrequired on hoistway divider beams.

Divider beams between adjacent elevators at each floor, pit and overhead. Additional car and counterweight rail supports where floor heights exceed 14'-0". Building supports not to exceed deflection of 1/8".

Installation of guide rail bracket supports in concrete. Inserts or embeds, if used, will be furnished by the Elevator Contractor. Cutting and patching walls and floors. Drilling of holes on wall around entrance on each floor (For opening, call buttons, position indicator and finish work after equipment installation-motar filling etc.). Installation of steel bars to fix jambs around entrance opening on each floor. Hoistway rework, if hoistway wall is out of plumb by more than 30mm. Installation of hoistway partition or divider beams (if necessary). concrete structure

5
6 7 8 9

10 installation of guide rail bracket support and space filling if hoistway is of steel or 11 Elimination of any projections inside hoistway and removal of union joint beams. 12 Waterproof pit and finish work after buffer installation.

13 Installation of ladder, electrical outlet and pit light.

14 Filling work if pit depth exceeds limit prescribed in local code. 15 Guarding and protecting hoistway during construction. 16 Wiring and piping work between monitoring system and elevator machine room if

monitoring system is used

17 There should be drainage facility in pit.

5.2 Machine room

1. Installation of cutout for wirings, ropes etc., in machine room floor and inside hoistway

(including patching concrete work after equipment is installed).

2. Supply and installation of reinforcement beam on machine room floor (if necessary) 3. Installation of equipment lifting hook on machine room ceiling. 4. Installation of lead-in wire and ground wire up to machine-room incoming terminal of

control panel. However, machine-room lighting power supply shall be separately installed.
5. Installation of lighting facilities and electrical inspection outlets.

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6. If interphones are installed in areas other than machine room, installation-site linking

piping and wiring work shall be done.

7. Temporary power supply facilities during elevator installation work. 8. Free provision of office and material-storage space for use during elevator construction. 9. Machine room entrance shall be of size 900mm (width) x 2000mm (height) and cannot be

used as a passageway. Its locking system shall be of the forced (automatic -closing) type system.
10. Electric system shall be installed in such a way that power supply voltage does not

exceed +_ 5%.
11. Ventilation system and penthouse shall be installed to maintain optimal temperature.

5.3 Electrical Service

1. Lighting and GFCI convenience outlet in pit, machine room and overhead machinery

space.
2. Conduit from the closest hoistway of each elevator group or single elevator to the

firefighters' control room and/or main control console. Coordinate size, number and location of conduits.
3. Three-phase mainline copper power feeder to terminals of each elevator controller in the

machine room with protected, lockable "off," disconnect. Auxiliary disconnects in multilevel machine room.
4. Single phase copper power feeder to each elevator controller for lighting and exhaust

blower with individual protected, lockable "off," disconnect switch located in machine room.
5. Single phase power feeders to machine room elevator group control panel and VGA with

single-phase, protected, lockable "off," disconnect switch.

6. Firefighters' telephone jack and announcement speaker in car with connection to

individual elevator control panels in elevator machine room and elevator control panel in firefighters' control room.
7. Emergency public telephone service with dedicated line to individual elevator control

panel in elevator machine room.

8. Products-of-combustion sensor in each elevator lobby, for each group of elevators or

single elevator and machine room to initiate firefighters' return feature. Detector at top of hoistway if sprinkle red. Provide means for service access from outside the hoistway. Provide sensor signal wiring from hoistway or machine room connection point to controller terminals.
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9. Temporary power and illumination to install, test and adjust elevator equipment. 10. Means to automatically disconnect power to affected elevator drive unit and controller

prior to activation of machine room overhead fire sprinkler system, and/or hoistway overhead fire sprinkler system.
11. Power feeders to main control console and firefighters' control panel VGA. 12. Power feeder to elevator intercom amplifier located in the elevator machine room. 13. Three phase power feeder to each freight elevator power door controller in machine room

with protected, lockable "off," disconnect switch.

14. Copper power feeder to each elevator controller in machine room for elevator car heating

and air conditioning unit. 5.4 Standby Power Provision

1. Standby power of the same voltage characteristics via normal electrical feeder to run one

elevator at a time in each elevator group, and/or single elevator unit, at full-rated car speed and capacity.
2. Conductor from auxiliary form "C" dry contacts, located in the standby power transfer

switch to a single designated elevator control panel in each elevator bank and/or single elevator unit. (Provide a time delay of approximately 30-45 seconds for pre-transfer signal in either direction.)
3. Standby single-phase power to group controller, and each elevator controller for lighting,

exhaust blower, emergency call bell, intercom amplifier, hoist machine cooling fan, car heating and air conditioning unit.
4. Means for absorbing regenerated power during an overhauling load condition, per NEC

620-101. Elevator will employ SCR drive, presenting a non-linear active load. 5.5 Miscellaneous
1. Ventilation facilities or air-conditioning systems are to be installed so that machine-room

and hoistway temperature can be maintained between 0. 5 C and 40 C, with humidity not exceeding 90% on average, and 95% on daily average.
2. Particular attention is to be paid to prevent harmful gases, dust or smoke from entering

machine room and /or hoistway.

3. There should not be piping on wiring within the hoistway not directly related to elevator

operation.
4. There should be no unnecessary projecting parts such as bolts, wires, and obstacles.

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5. If elevators are connected to remote monitoring system supplied by our company, piping

and wiring is to be installed between machine room and nearest telephone operator. If there should be more than one machine room, these items are to be installed separately.
6. For elevators with fire emergency operation and firemens operation, fire sensors are to

be located in both the machine room and building and are to be connected to elevators control panels per governing code.
7. For elevators with firemens operation, emergency power supply for this operation shall

be provided. 5.6 Permits, Tests, and Inspections The Elevator Contractor shall be required to:
1. Obtain and pay for permit, license and inspection fee necessary to complete the

installation.
2. Perform test required by Governing Authority in accordance with procedure

described in Karnataka rules or ASME A17.2 Inspectors' Manual for Elevators and Escalators in the presence of Authorized Representative.
3. Supply personnel and equipment for test and final review required by consultant.

Inspection of lifts and lift installation

1. An officer authorised in this behalf by the Government may at any time after giving

reasonable notice to the occupant enter upon any building in which a lift is installed or is being installed or in connection with which an application for a has been received, for the purpose of inspecting the lift or the lift installation or the site thereof.
2.

If on such inspection the officer is of the opinion that any lift in any building is in an unsafe condition, he may issue an order on the owner of the building or his agent appointed such repairs or alterations to be made to such lift as he may deem necessary within the time specified therein and may also, if necessary, order the use of such lift to be discontinued until such repairs or alterations are made or such unsafe conditions are removed. The owner or his agent, as the case may be, shall thereupon comply with the order within the period specified therein and shall forthwith report in writing to the officer of having so complied.

3. Any person aggrieved by an order of the officer may, within thirty days from the date of

such order appeal to the Appellate Authority appointed in this behalf by the Government.
4. Notwithstanding any appeal made any order to discontinue the use of a lift made by the

officer shall be complied with unless the Appellate Authority has reversed such order.
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5. The order made by the officer subject to an appeal to the Appellate Authority, and the

decision of the Appellate Authority on the appeal, shall be final. Owner to give facilities for inspection The owner of a building in which a lift is installed or his agent appointed shall afford all reasonable facilities to the officer for inspecting a lift under section 8 and whenever ordered to do so by the officer shall, at his own cost, procure at such inspection, the attendance of the person, if any, with whom he has entered into a contract for the erection or maintenance of the lift or a representative of such person who is competent to guide the officer in inspecting the lift. After all the inspection did by government officer lift owner will be provided with elevator certification to run the lift.

CONCLUSION
The training at T&T electromechanical engineering works provided the opportunity to know the problem of design part, operation and maintenance of the various parts concern to the Traction Elevators and other department of the company. It gave an insight of an organization structure and the activities of different departments for processing of an order. This gave life time experience in observing and studying about the Elevator system and its mechanism. Thus, Industrial training is the great opportunity to get familiar with the industrial activities which was studied in many subjects theoretically but now witnessed them practically. Training experience

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The industrial training was very informative and it given me good knowledge about traction Elevator work and its related equipments from T&T electromechanical engineering works. Before attending the program had a little knowledge about Types of Elevators and its operation, but I came to know about the importance of installation of Elevators in vertical transportation to enhance the overall efficiency of the Elevator system. And also came to know about the areas to be considering while installing the Elevator and also came to know how it differs when considered theoretically and practically.

REFERENCES Web documents by www.scribd.com www.google.com www.wekipedia.com

Installation, Elevator Manual of T&T Installation Elevator Manual of OTIS Elevators

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