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Sampling & Reconstruction

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22l101
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23 views4 pages

Sampling & Reconstruction

Uploaded by

22l101
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exp.

No:
Date: Signal Sampling and Reconstruction

Aim:

To sample 1 KHz input signal and reconstruct the input signal from the samples.

Equipment Required:

• Trainer Kit with power cords


• Patch chords
• DSO

Theory:
Sampling:

Sampling is the process of converting a continuous time signal into a discrete time signal by measuring the
signal at periodic instants of time. However, if the sampled signal is reconstructed, it should uniquely defines
the original signal. This condition can be satisfied by properly choosing the sampling rate during the sampling
process. Thus, the sampling rate required for the proper analog to digital conversion is explained using
sampling theorem.
The Sampling Theorem:

The Sampling theorem states that a bandlimited signal can be exactly reproduced if it is sampled at a
frequency fs, where fs is greater than twice the maximum frequency
fmax in the signal.
fs > 2· fmax
The frequency 2· fmax is called the Nyquist sampling rate.
If the sampling is done at a rate less than Nyquist sampling rate it will lead to distortion in the recovered
signal and it is called as “Aliasing”.
Aliasing is a phenomenon where the high frequency in the spectrum of the original signal seemingly
taking on the identity of a lower frequency in the spectrum of the sampled signal. In practice, signals are
oversampled, where fs is significantly higher than Nyquist rate to avoid aliasing.
Connection Diagram:

Procedure:

1. Connect the power cord to the trainer kit. Keep the power switch in off position.
2. Connect the 1 KHz sine wave to signal input.
3. Switch on the trainer kit’s power supply and DSO and observe the input signal by connecting the BNC
connector to the DSO.
4. Select sampling frequency of 20/60/80/100/200/400 kHz by pressing the sampling frequency selector
switch till the desired frequency signal LED glows.
5. Connect sample output to input of the second order low pass filter and to the fourth order low pass
filter.
6. Observe the output of the second and fourth order filters.

Tabulation:
Second order low pass filter:

Frequency
Signal Amplitude(volts) Time(ms)
(Hz)

Input signal

Sampled output

Reconstructed output
Fourth order low pass filter:

Signal Amplitude(volts) Time(ms) Frequency (Hz)

Input signal

Sampled output

Reconstructed output

Model Graph:
Input Signal

Sampled Output
Reconstructed Output

Result:

Viva Questions:
1. State sampling theorem.
2. What is the need of sampling?
3. What are the different types of sampling? Draw the related waveforms.
4. Define Nyquist rate.
5. Why high order low pass filters are preferred for reconstruction of signals?
6. Explain the process of sample and hold.
7. What is the significance of sampling period?
8. How to avoid aliasing?

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