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05-Computer Science Introduction To Data Structures NOTES FOR IIT FINAL SEMESTER

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21 views1 page

05-Computer Science Introduction To Data Structures NOTES FOR IIT FINAL SEMESTER

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vishalsadhariya
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Computer Science Introduction to Data Structures NOTES FOR IIT FINAL SEMESTER

Data structures are essential concepts in computer science and are critical for solving complex
computational problems. They are used to organize, store, and manipulate data efficiently. The two
primary types of data structures are linear and non-linear. Linear structures, like arrays and linked lists,
arrange data in a sequential manner, while non-linear structures, such as trees and graphs, allow for
more complex relationships between elements.

Arrays are the simplest and most commonly used data structure, providing fast access to elements using
indices. Linked lists, on the other hand, are more flexible than arrays and allow dynamic memory
allocation. However, they require more time for accessing elements, as one has to traverse the list.

Trees, especially binary trees and binary search trees, are hierarchical data structures useful in searching,
sorting, and maintaining ordered data. Graphs, composed of vertices and edges, represent relationships
in various fields like social networks, transportation systems, and routing algorithms.

Choosing the right data structure is crucial for optimizing algorithms and achieving desired time and
space complexity. For example, sorting algorithms like QuickSort or MergeSort benefit greatly from
efficient data structures, which can reduce the time complexity from O(n²) to O(n log n).

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