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DGCA Exam Help Humidity 2024

DGCA 2024 study

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23 views3 pages

DGCA Exam Help Humidity 2024

DGCA 2024 study

Uploaded by

aadilbiju55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DGCA Exam Help

Meteorology

HUMIDITY

Water evaporates into the air from oceans, lakes, rivers, vegetation etc. It ascends and forms
clouds which cause precipitation. The water cycle is thus completed.

Water exists in three phases: the gas (water vapour), liquid (rain, drizzle, shower) and solid
(snow, hail). The capacity of dry air to hold water vapour depends largely on temperature and
to some extent on pressure. Higher the temperature higher is the capacity of air to hold the
water vapour.

Various terms used for describing water content in the atmosphere are:

Dry Air. Air that contains no water vapour is called dry air. Such an air may exist in the upper
troposphere or stratosphere.

Moist Air. The normal air, that we breathe is the moist air. It is also called unsaturated or
dry air at the existingtemperature and pressure.

Saturated Air. Air is like a sponge which can absorb certain amount of water and no more.
When the air holds maximum water vapour, ti is called saturated air.
Vapour Pressure (VP)
The partial pressure exerted by water vapour in the air is called vapour pressure. If p is the total
pressure of air and e is the vapour pressure, then (p-e) is the pressure of dry air.

Saturation Vapour Pressure (SP). It is the pressure exerted by water vapour when
air is saturated

Absolute Humidity
It is defined as the actual amount of water vapour contained in a given volume of air at a given
temperature. It is expressed in g/m'.

Humidity Mixing Ratio (HMR)


It is defined as the mass of water vapour contained in a given mass of air. It is expressed as
g/kg.

HMR for Saturated Air. It is defined as the maximum mass of water vapour that can be
contained in a given mass of air at a particular temperature and pressure. It is also expressed as
g/kg of dry air.

Relative Humidity (RH)


It is defined as the ratio, in percentage, of the actual water vapour present in the air to the
maximum it can contain at the same temperature and pressure.

Wet Bulb Temperature


It is the lowest temperature which air would attain by evaporating water into it to saturate it.
Desert coolers work on this principle. Dryer the air more effective would be the cooling.

Dew Point Temperature


It is the lowest temperature to which air should be cooled at constant pressure to saturate it
with respect to water. Cooling below Dew Point (DP) causes condensation.
DP is only affected by change in water content, whereas RH is affected by change in water
content and temperature both.

Frost Point
It is the temperature to which air must be cooled to reach saturation with respect to ice.
Cooling below the frost point causes formation of hoar frost.

o As the temperature of the air increases, the amount of water vapour required to
saturate it also increases.

o As the temperature of the air increases, the amount of water vapour required to
saturate it also increases.

o At subzero temperatures water molecules have more energy and a greater degree of
freedom than ice, consequently the saturation vapour pressure over water drops is
more than that over the ice particles.

o If water drops and ice particles co-exit, water drops will evaporate and condense on the
ice particles.

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