Chapter 8

Website
concepts

Informatics Practices
Class XII ( As per CBSE Board)
 Website
concepts

Website –
One of the most common reasons for us to be using Internet every
day is the information it is loaded with. The information is
generated by multiple sources and is carefully organized in the form
of files and web pages, which, when grouped together to form a
single entity, become a website.

So, a collection of web pages which are grouped together and

usually connected together in various ways. Often called a "web
site" or simply a "site.“
 Website
concepts
WEBSITE IMPORTANCE AND USES –
The websites are utilized for various purposes like Web surfing,
Email and chatting, Social Networking, Videos, Online Business,
Searching Jobs, News and Information, Classified Ads, Blogs,
Downloads, Online payments, Online Banking, File sharing, Online
games etc.
 Open for Business 24 Hours a Day.
 Reach New Markets With a Global Audience.
 Improved Customer Service.
 Save Money on Printing and Distribution Costs.
 Create A Product Or Service Showcase.
 Sell Your Products and Services Online.
 Stability.
 Viral Marketing without a Marketing Cost.
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concepts
Why Do People Visit Websites?
Generally, people look at websites for two primary
reasons:
To find information they are in need. This could be
anything from a tourister searching information of a
city or location ,student looking for pictures for a
school project, to finding the latest stock quotes, to
getting the address of the nearest restaurant.
To complete a task. people may want to buy the latest
best-seller of a product or best product, download a
software program, or participate in an online
discussion about a favorite hobby.
 Website
concepts

Components of a good website

 Easy navigation
 Secured contents
 Proper layout
 Proper links
 Effective color scheme
 Fast load time
 Mobile friendly
 Font that suits website
 Good quality images with less size
 Consistency of design among all pages
 Website
concepts
Things we need in order to build a website
• Domain name (our custom web address,
www.OurWebSiteName.com)
• Website hosting (service that hosts our website)
• Website designing tools / languages –tools(Firefox Developer,
Photoshop, PanicCoda, dreamweaver, Fireworks
etc.),languages(html,asp,php,jsp,.net etc)

Two of the most common methods for designing websites that

work well both on desktop and mobile are responsive and adaptive
design. In responsive design, content moves dynamically depending
on screen size; in adaptive design, the website content is fixed in
layout sizes that match common screen sizes.
 Website
concepts

WEBSITE STRUCTURE
Proper structuring of a website and breaking them into sub
sections on the basis of file type and subject matter is very
important. Website structure refers to the framework in which the
information or content of a website employs for both usability and
presentation.
Home Page(index page)

Main section

Sub section
 Website
concepts

Working of a website
When a user requests the Web
page, the browser employed by
the user requested the server
through DNS server and by
fetching and interpreting the
requested
files, displays it on users screen.
DNS server convert domain
name to ip address(unique
address) –this process is known
as dns resolution
 Website
concepts

Some examples of websites

 wikipedia.org,
 google.com,
 amazon.com,
 cbse.nic.in
 Facebook.com
 Yahoo.com
 Flipkart.com
 Website
concepts

Web page -or webpage is a document or html document

commonly written in HTML, that is viewed in an Internet
browser. A web page can be accessed by entering a URL
address into a browser's address bar. A web page may
contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks to other web pages
and files.
A web page is often used to provide information to its
visitor, including pictures or videos to help illustrate
important topics. A web page may also be used as a
method to sell products or services to visitors.
 Website
concepts

Difference between website and web page

Web page Website
Single document on the internet A collection of related web pages linked
together under same domain
Development requires minimum amount Development takes a long time
of time
Web page has content about a single Has content about several entities
entity
Address of the URL of web page depends URL of website does not depends upon
on website webpage
It is the content that is to be displayed on Website is a place used to display the
a website conent
Webpage URL has an extension No extension used in URL of a website
Like python.mykvs.in/syllabus.html Python.mykvs.in
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concepts

Static web page –

Static Web pages are very simple pages written in languages such
as HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc. When a server receives a request for
a static web page, then the server sends the response to the client
without doing any additional process. And these web pages are
seen through a web browser as these were designed. In static web
pages, Pages will remain the same until someone changes it
manually and deploy these on the webserver.

Web Step1. http request

Web Server
browser
Step2. http response
Static web page
 Website
concepts
Dynamic web page –
Dynamic Web Pages are written in languages such as JSP,ASP,.NET,PHT etc. In
dynamic web pages, the Content of pages varies as per the requirement of its
visitor.for e.g. if we login to any web site then our name is displayed similarly if
other person login on the same site his name will be displayed. It takes more
time to load than the static web page. Dynamic web pages are used where the
information is changed frequently, for example, stock prices, weather
information, etc.
Step1. http request
Web
Web Server
browser
Step3. http response
Step 2 Server
site script
prepare the
web page
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concepts
Difference between static webpage and dynamic web page
SL.NO STATIC WEB PAGE DYNAMIC WEB PAGE
Pages will remain same until Content of pages are different for
1.
someone changes it manually. different visitors.
Static web pages are written in Dynamic web pages are written in
2. languages such as: HTML, languages such as: CGI, AJAX, ASP,
JavaScript, CSS, etc. ASP.NET, etc.
3. less complexity. complicated.

4. Information are change rarely. Information are change frequently.

5. less time for loading more time for loading.

6. database is not used. database is used.

 Website
concepts

Web Server -Web server is a computer where the web content is

stored. Basically web server is used to host the web sites and deliver
the resources requested through web browser.
In more technical term it is a program that uses HTTP for serving files
that create web pages for users in response to their requests that
are sent by the HTTP clients of their computer is called a web server.
 Website
concepts

Features of a Web Server –

 Secure
 Fast in speed means high bandwidth
 Able to mitigate bandwidth congestion
 Maximum uptime-means always response
 Support most of server site scripting
languages
 Easy user interface
 Virtual hosting
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concepts

Functions of a Web Server –

 Stores and secures website data
 Provides web database access
 Serve the end user requests
 Bandwidth controlling to regulate network
traffic
 Virtual hosting
 Server side web scripting
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concepts

Web Server examples –

• Apache web server -1996 ,maintained by apached
foundation,most used web server
• IIS –Internet information services by Microsoft
• NGINX- 2002 by igor sysoev, Used for large web sites
with too much traffic
• Apache Tomcat- initiate by sun microsystem an in 1999
transferred to apache software foundation
• Lighthttpd -2003, Uses a very low memory,cpu and
disk space, for small web hosting projects
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concepts

Web hosting - Web hosting is the place where all the files
of your website live. It is like the home of our website
where it actually lives.
A good way to think about this is if the domain name is
the address of our house, then web hosting is the actual
house that address points to. All websites on the internet,
need web hosting.
Domain names and web hosting are two different
services. However, they work together to make websites
possible.It is possible with the system known as DNS.
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concepts
There are four main types of web hosting:
• Shared hosting – share by multiple domains/web sites.
• VPS (virtual private server) hosting - The main server is split into
multiple virtual servers—hence the name. These virtual servers
can be customized by individual websites.
• Dedicated hosting - Websites being hosted on a dedicated server
have complete technical control over the server settings. We
choose the software, configurations, and anything else we need.
• Cloud hosting - Cloud hosting plans come with multiple remote
servers. Each server has different responsibilities. If one of the
servers is compromised or has a problem, the other servers on the
network will take over those responsibilities and pick up the slack.
• Reseller hosting and WordPress hosting are also specific types of
hosting