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Strategy Pattern

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11 views

Strategy Pattern

Uploaded by

asad abbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strategy Pattern Documentation: Image Processing Example

Introduction
The Strategy Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that enables selecting an algorithm's
behavior at runtime. It defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes
them interchangeable. This pattern promotes flexibility and reusability in software design
by allowing algorithms to vary independently from the clients that use them.

In this documentation, we explore the Strategy Pattern through a practical example


involving image processing, specifically focusing on compressing and filtering images of
different types (e.g., JPEG, PNG) using respective algorithms.

Problem Statement
In modern applications, users frequently upload images in various formats such as JPEG
(.jpg) and PNG (.png). To manage these images efficiently, the system must perform two
primary operations on each uploaded image:

1. Compression: Reducing the file size of the image using format-specific compression
algorithms.

2. Filtering: Applying visual effects or transformations using format-specific filtering


techniques.

Challenge: Each image type requires distinct algorithms for both compression and filtering.
For instance, JPEG images typically use lossy compression, which reduces file size by
approximating data, whereas PNG images utilize lossless compression, preserving all
original data.

Objective: Develop a robust, maintainable, and scalable system that can handle the
compression and filtering of various image types without entangling the logic for different
formats within a single class.

Bad Solution
A straightforward but flawed approach might involve creating a single class, such as
StoreImage, responsible for handling all aspects of image storage, including compression
and filtering.

Cons of the Bad Solution:

1. Violation of the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): The StoreImage class handles
multiple responsibilities.

2. Poor Scalability and Maintainability: Supporting more image formats increases


complexity.
3. Tight Coupling: Compression and filtering methods are tightly coupled with the
StoreImage class.

4. Lack of Flexibility: Switching or updating algorithms requires changes within the


StoreImage class.

5. Difficulty in Testing: Testing individual components is challenging due to entanglement.

Strategy Pattern Solution


To overcome the limitations of the bad solution, the Strategy Pattern can be employed. This
pattern involves defining a family of algorithms, encapsulating each one, and making them
interchangeable.

Implementation Steps:

1. Define Interfaces for Strategies.

2. Implement Concrete Strategy Classes.

3. Create the Context Class.

4. Client Interaction.

How the Program is Defined and the Solution it Provides


The program is designed with modularity and extensibility in mind, using the Strategy
Pattern to solve the problem of managing multiple image formats.

1. Interfaces for Algorithms: Abstractions such as `ICompressor` and `IFilter` allow


defining a contract for compression and filtering logic, enabling flexibility and reusability.

2. Concrete Implementations: Each image type (e.g., JPEG, PNG) has its specific classes
implementing the interfaces to provide tailored compression and filtering algorithms.

3. Context Class: The `StoreImage` class serves as the context that utilizes the strategies
(i.e., compressors and filters) to process and store images dynamically based on the
provided algorithms.

4. Dynamic Behavior: The client determines the appropriate strategy (e.g., JPEG
compressor, PNG filter) at runtime, ensuring the program is adaptable to new requirements
without altering the core logic.

This solution ensures adherence to design principles like SRP and OCP, making the system
scalable, maintainable, and easy to extend with minimal risk of bugs.
UML Diagram

Benefits of Using the Strategy Pattern


1. Adherence to SOLID Principles.

2. Enhanced Flexibility.

3. Improved Reusability.

4. Simplified Testing and Maintenance.

5. Reduced Code Duplication.

6. Ease of Adding New Strategies.

7. Polymorphism Utilization.

8. Clear Separation of Concerns.

Conclusion
The Strategy Pattern provides a powerful mechanism to manage algorithmic variations in
software applications.

By adopting the Strategy Pattern, developers can ensure that the system remains robust and
adaptable to evolving requirements, such as supporting new image formats or introducing
advanced processing techniques, without necessitating significant changes to the existing
codebase.

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