Coding
Coding
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Taj Mahal
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Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work
continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal
complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost
estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees, which in 2015 would be
approximately 52.8 billion rupees (U.S. $827 million). The construction project
employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by
the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
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The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being
"the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces
of the world's heritage". It is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal
architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts 7–8
million visitors a year. In 2007, it was declared a winner of the New7Wonders of
the World (2000–2007) initiative.</big>
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Christ the Redeemer is an Art Decostatue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
created by French sculptor Paul Landowski and built by the Brazilian engineer
Heitor da Silva Costa, in collaboration with the French engineer Albert Caquot.
Romanian sculptorGheorghe Leonida fashioned the face. Constructed between
1922 and 1931, the statue is 30 metres (98 ft) tall, excluding its 8-metre (26 ft)
pedestal. The arms stretch 28 metres (92 ft) wide.
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The statue weighs 635 metric tons (625 long, 700 short tons), and is located at the
peak of the 700-metre (2,300 ft) Corcovado mountain in the Tijuca ForestNational
Park overlooking the city of Rio de Janeiro. A symbol of Christianity across the
world, the statue has also become a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and
Brazil, and is listed as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. It is made of
reinforced concrete and soapstone. </big>
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Machu Picchu
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Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was constructed as an estate for
the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often mistakenly referred to as the
"Lost City of the Incas" (a title more accurately applied to Vilcabamba), it is the
most familiar icon of Inca civilization. The Incas built the estate around 1450 but
abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Although
known locally, it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and
remained unknown to the outside world until American historian Hiram Bingham
brought it to international attention in 1911.
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Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls.
Its three primary structures are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the
Room of the Three Windows. Most of the outlying buildings have been
reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of how they originally
appeared. By 1976, thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and
restoration continues.
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Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historic Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO
World Heritage Site in 1983. In 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New
Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll.
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Chichen Itza
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Chichen Itza was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the
Terminal Classic period. Thearchaeological site is located in Tinúm Municipality,
Yucatán State, Mexico.
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Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the Northern Maya Lowlands from the
Late Classic (c. AD 600–900) through theTerminal Classic (c. AD 800–900) and into
the early portion of the Postclassic period (c. AD 900–1200). The site exhibits a
multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and
of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the Northern Maya lowlands. The presence of
central Mexican styles was once thought to have been representative of direct
migration or even conquest from central Mexico, but most contemporary
interpretations view the presence of these non-Maya styles more as the result of
cultural diffusion.
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Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities and it was likely to have been one
of the mythical great cities, or Tollans, referred to in later Mesoamerican
literature. The city may have had the most diverse population in the Maya world,
a factor that could have contributed to the variety of architectural styles at the
site.
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The ruins of Chichen Itza are federal property, and the site's stewardship is
maintained by Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National
Institute of Anthropology and History). The land under the monuments had been
privately owned until 29 March 2010, when it was purchased by the state of
Yucatán.
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Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico with over 2.6
million tourists in 2017.
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Petra
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The trading business gained the Nabataeans considerable revenue, and Petra
became the focus of their wealth. The earliest recorded historical reference to the
city was when an envious Greek dynasty attempted toransack the city in 312 BC.
The Nabataeans were, unlike their enemies, accustomed to living in the barren
deserts, and were able to repel attacks by utilizing the area's mountainous terrain.
They were particularly skillful inharvesting rainwater, agriculture and stone
carving. Petra flourished in the 1st century AD when the famous Khazneh
structure–believed to be themausoleum of the Nabataean King Aretas IV–was
constructed, and its population peaked at an estimated 20,000 inhabitants.
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Petra fell to the Roman Empire's troops who annexed and renamed the kingdom
to Arabia Petraea in 106 AD. Petra's importance declined as sea trade routes
emerged, and after a 363 earthquake destroyed many structures. The Byzantine
Era witnessed the construction of several Christian churches, but the city
continued to decline, and by the early Islamic era became an abandoned place
where only a handful of nomads grazed goats. It remained unknown to the world
until it was rediscovered in 1812 by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt.
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The city is famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system. Another
name for Petra is the Rose City due to the color of the stone out of which it is
carved. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. UNESCO has
described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural
heritage". Petra is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited tourist
attraction. Tourist numbers peaked at 1 million in 2010, the following period
witnessed a slump due to regional instability. However, tourist numbers have
picked up recently, and around 600,000 tourists visited the site in 2017.
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The Colosseum
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The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators,
having an average audience of some 65,000; it was used for gladiatorial contests
and public spectacles such as mock sea battles (for only a short time as the
hypogeum was soon filled in with mechanisms to support the other activities),
animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on
Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early
medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops,
quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.
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The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.
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The name Colosseum has long been believed to be derived from a colossal statue
of Nero nearby (the statue of Nero was named after the Colossus of Rhodes). This
statue was later remodeled by Nero's successors into the likeness of Helios (Sol)
or Apollo, the sun god, by adding the appropriate solar crown. Nero's head was
also replaced several times with the heads of succeeding emperors. Despite its
pagan links, the statue remained standing well into the medieval era and was
credited with magical powers. It came to be seen as an iconic symbol of the
permanence of Rome.
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In the 8th century, a famous epigram attributed to the Venerable Bede celebrated
the symbolic significance of the statue in a prophecy that is variously quoted:
Quamdiu stat Colisæus, stat et Roma; quando cadet colisæus, cadet et Roma;
quando cadet Roma, cadet et mundus ("as long as the Colossus stands, so shall
Rome; when the Colossus falls, Rome shall fall; when Rome falls, so falls the
world"). This is often mistranslated to refer to the Colosseum rather than the
Colossus (as in, for instance, Byron's poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage). However,
at the time that the Pseudo-Bede wrote, the masculine noun coliseus was applied
to the statue rather than to what was still known as the Flavian amphitheatre.
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The Colossus did eventually fall, possibly being pulled down to reuse its bronze.
By the year 1000 the name "Colosseum" had been coined to refer to the
amphitheatre. The statue itself was largely forgotten and only its base survives,
situated between the Colosseum and the nearby Temple of Venus and Roma.
The name further evolved to Coliseum during the Middle Ages. In Italy, the
amphitheatre is still known as il Colosseo, and other Romance languages have
come to use similar forms such as Coloseumul (Romanian), le Colisée (French), el
Coliseo(Spanish) and o Coliseu (Portuguese).
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Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border
controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk
Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and
emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were
enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations,
signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the
path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.
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The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, along
an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A
comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has
concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of
6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and
2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. Another
archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measures
out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi). Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as
one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.
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<marquee bgcolor="white"><font size="5" color="#cc0099"><b><u>THE SEVEN
WONDERS OF THE WORLD</u></b></font></marquee>
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<b>
The seven wonders of the world are impressive monuments regarded with awe
and wonder. In the past, there were the seven wonders of the ancient world that
amazed people who had the fortune to see them. Today, there are some
spectacular monuments that are just as impressive as the ancient ones. The New
7 Wonders Foundation in Switzerland received around two hundred entries from
across the world, and it finally short-listed twenty one finalists. In 2007, the final
list of the seven modern wonders were announced in Lisbon, Portugal.<br>
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The new seven modern wonders of the world are comprised of: the Taj Mahal of
India, The Great Wall of China, Christ the Redeemer statue of Brazil, Machu
Picchu of Peru, Petra of Jordan, Colosseum of Italy, and Chichen Itza of
Mexico.<br>
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The Great Wall of China is a 2,400-km wall that stretches along the southern side
of China’s Mongolian plain. It was built in the 3rd century by the Ch’in Emperor,
and it was appended by successive dynasties. The wall was built to stop the entry
of northern nomads into China. This remarkable monument is so long, that it can
be seen from space stations.<br>
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The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum made of white marble, and it is situated on the
banks of river Yamuna in Agra. The mausoleum is the epitome of Indian Islamic
architecture, and it was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in honor of his
wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal was completed in 1643, and it remains one of
the most impressive buildings ever created by Man.<br>
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Peru ’s Machu Picchu is the ancient Inca site excavated by US explorer Hiram
Bingham in 1911. The site is located in an elevated area, with the Urabamba River
flowing below. The Machu Picchu was a pre-Columbian city, and even after
hundreds of years, the site remains intact. The city served as a mountain retreat
for Pachacuti Yupanqui, the ruler of the Incas, during the 15th century. The ruins
feature some spectacular architectural designs, such as terracing systems and
religious monuments.<br>
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The Chichen Itza is an ancient city that was established during the time of the
Mayan civilization. It is located in the northern part of the Yucatan Peninsula, and
it was once a major Mayan city. The structures in Chichen Itza feature a mix of
architectural styles, which include Mexican and Puuc designs.<br>
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The sixth wonder of the modern world is an old ruin in Jordan known as Petra.
Petra was the capital of the Nabateans during the 4th century, and it also served
as a religious center for the Arab world for a long time. Hundreds of old structures
still stand in the Jordanian site of Petra, including the Khazneh el-Farun and the El
Deir.<br>
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The seventh wonder of the world is Rio de Janeiro’s iconic Christ the Redeemer
statue. This awesome statue stands 130 feet high, and it is perched on the top of
the Corcovado Mountain. It is a symbol of Roman Catholicism in Brazil.
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<br><br><br><br><br><br>
&n
bsp; &nbs
p; CORPARATION BANK BUILDING </br>
&n
bsp; &nbs
p; GOPALGANJ SAGAR (M.P.)</br></p>
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Furthur Reference
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For Furthur Reference and Furthur Research you can go on the following links:-
<br>
1) www.wikipedia.org<br>
2) www.travelchannel.com<br>
3) www.worldatlas.com<br>
4) www.telegraph.co.uk<br>
5) www.world.new7wonders.com
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