Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology

CSE Allied Branches

Database Management System
BCS 501
AKTU External Exam Important Questions
Unit-1:
1. Explain data independence and it’s types.[2019-20, 2020-21, 2021-22,
2022-23]
2. Differentiate Weak Entity and strong Entity. [2019-20, 2023-24]
3. What data abstraction? Explain the three-schema architecture. Why do
we need mappings between schema levels? Database Languages like
DDL and DML? [2020-21, 2022-23, 2023-24]
4. Define key. Explain various types of keys such as super key, primary
key, candidate key and foreign key with examples. [2023-24, 2019-20]
5. What is ER Diagram? Explain different components of an ER Diagram
with employee project Management system. Explain Generalization,
Specialization and Aggregation with help of example. [2020-21, 2022-
23,2023-24]
6. What are the different types of Data Models in DBMS? Explain them.
[2021-22, 2022-23]
7. Discuss the role of database administrator & explain the database
architecture. [2021-22,2023-24]
Unit-2:
1. Define join and different types of join with suitable example.
[2019-20, 2023-24]
2. Diffrentiate Tuple Relational Calculus and Domain Relational Calculus.
[2019-20]
3. Consider the following schema for institute library:
[2019-20, 2021-22, 2022-23]
Student (RollNo, Name, Father_ Name, Branch)
Book (ISBN, Title, Author, Publisher)
Issue (RollNo, ISBN, Date-of–Issue)
Write the following queries in SQL and relational algebra:
(i) List roll number and name of all students of the branch ‘CSE’.
(ii) Find the name of student who has issued a book published by ‘ABC’
publisher.
(iii) List title of all books and their authors issued to a student ‘RAM’.
(iv) List title of all books issued on or before December 1, 2020.
(v) List all books published by publisher ‘ABC’.
4. What is Relational Algebra? Explain Different Operations of Relational Algebra with
Example. [2021-22]
5. Explain Procedure, Trigger and cursor with suitable example in PLSQL. [2019-20,
2021,2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-24]
6. What is Aggregate function in SQL? Write SQL query for aggregate function. [2020-
21,2023-24]
Unit 3:
1. Given the following set of FDs on schema R (V,W,X,Y,Z) {Z→V, W→Y,
XY→Z, V→WX}. State whether the following decomposition are loss-less-
join decompositions or not. (i) R1=(V,W,X) , R2=(V,Y,Z) (ii) R1=(V,W,X),
R2=(X,Y,Z) [2020-21, 2022-23]
2. Consider the universal relation R = {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J} and the set of
functional dependencies F = {{A, B}→{C}, {A}→{D, E}, {B}→{F},
{F}→{G,H}, {D}→{I, J} }. What is the key for R? What is highest normal
form of the Relation R?Decompose R into 2NF and then3NF relations. [2020-
21, 2022-23]
3. Describe the term MVD in the context of DBMS by giving an example. Discuss
4NF and 5NF also. [2019-20, 2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-24]
4. What is highest normal form of the Relation R(W,X,Y,Z) with the set
F= {WY → XZ, X →Y} [2022-23]
5. Consider a relation R(A,B,C,D,E) with set F= { A→CD, C→B,B→AE} What
are the prime attributes of this Relation and Decompose the given relation in
3NF. [2022-23]
6. What is functional dependency? Explain the procedure of calculating the
canonical cover (minimal cover)of a given functional dependency. A set of FDs
for the relation R{A, B, C, D, E, F} is
{AB →C, C → A, BC → D,ACD → B, BE → C, EC → FA, CF → BD, D→
E}.
Find a minimum cover forth is set of FDs. [2022-23,2023-24]
7. Explain 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF with suitable example.
Unit 4:
1. Discuss 2 phase commit (2PC) protocol and time stamp-based protocol with
suitable example. How the validation-based protocols differ from 2PC? [2021-
22, 2023-24]
2. What do you mean by Transaction? Explain transaction property with detail and
suitable example. [2019-20, 2020-21, 2021-22]
3. What do you mean by serializability? Discuss the conflict and view
serializability with example. Discuss the testing of serializability also.[2020-21,
2021-22, 2022-23, 2023-24]
4. Consider the three transactions T1, T2, and T3, and the schedules S1 and
S2given below. State whether each schedule is serializable or not. If a schedule
is serializable, write down the equivalent serial schedule(s). [2022-23]
T1: r1 (X); r1 (Z); w1 (X);
 T2: r2 (Z); r2 (Y); w2 (Z); w2 (Y);
T3: r3 (X); r3 (Y); w3 (Y);
S1: r1 (X); r2 (Z); r1 (Z); r3 (X); r3 (Y); w1 (X); w3 (Y); r2 (Y); w2 (Z); w2
(Y);
S2: r1 (X); r2 (Z); r3 (X); r1 (Z); r2 (Y); r3 (Y); w1 (X); w2 (Z); w3 (Y); w2
(Y);
5. Discuss about the deadlock prevention, detection and recovery schemes.[2019-
20, 2020-21, 2021-22, 2023-24]
6. What is Log? How is it maintained? Discuss the features of deferred database
modification and immediate database modification in brief. [2023-24]

Unit5:
1. Discuss the timestamp ordering protocol for concurrency control. How does
strict timestamp ordering differ from basic timestamp ordering? [2019-20,
2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23,2023-24]
2. How do optimistic concurrency control techniques differ from other
concurrency control techniques? Why they are also called validation or
certification techniques? Discuss the typical phases of an optimistic
concurrency control method.(Hint: Validation based protocol) [ 2020-21,2022-
23]
3. What are multi version schemes of concurrency control? Describe with the help
of an example.[2021-22, 2023-24]
4. Define concurrency. Describe major problems associated with concurrent
processing with examples. What is the role of locks in avoiding these Problem.
Write about two phase locking protocol (2PL).[2019-20, 2020-21, 2022-23]