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Lesson 10 Political and Leadership Structures

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25 views11 pages

Lesson 10 Political and Leadership Structures

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Mynolithics
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POLITICAL AND LEADERSHIP STRUCTURES

Lesson 10
❑ Political structure or institution – organized way in which power is
distributed and decisions are made within a society.
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
1. BANDS AND TRIBES
❖ Considered as the simplest political systems
❖ Band- formed by several families living together based on
marriage ties, common descendants, friendship affiliations
❖ Informal leadership is accorded to members who possess certain
skills and knowledge such as the gift of memory, hunting or healing
skills, or those special ability.
❖ Decision making are made by consensus
❖ Ruled by a village headman
1. BANDS AND TRIBES
❖ Tribes practice agriculture, allowing them to support large
populations. (Example: Igorots)
CHIEFDOMS
❑ A chiefdom a political organization, composed of a number
of communities that is ruled by a permanent paramount chief
coming from an elite family. (Examples: Raja Soliman, Sultan
Kudarat)
❑ Power is inherited in chiefdoms
❑ Chiefdoms can either be simple or complex:
Simple chiefdom- characterized by a central village or
community ruled by a single family.
Complex chiefdom- composed of several chiefdoms
ruled by a single paramount chief.
NATIONS AND STATES
❑ Nations – group of people that shared a common history, language, traditions, customs,
habits, and ethnicity.
❑ State- political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding a well-
defined territory. When the citizens of a state belong to only one nation, such state is
called a nation-state.
POLITICAL LEGITIMACY AND AUTHORITY

Leaders, in order to be effective, need to possess authority that is considered legitimate


by the members of the community.
❑ Authority- is the power to make binding decisions and issue commands. What makes
authority binding and worthy of obedience is legitimacy.
❑ Legitimacy- is a moral and ethical concept that bestows one who possesses power the
right to authority.
❑ For authority to be binding and stable, it must be legitimate.
THREE TYPES OF AUTHORITY

1. Traditional authority- legitimacy is derived from well-established customs, habits, and


social structures. (Examples: Monarchial rule or the rule of the elites in a chiefdom)
2. Charismatic authority- legitimacy emanates from the charisma of the individual, power
legitimated through extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience.
(Examples: Jesus of Nazareth and Mohammed of Mecca, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther
King, Jr.)
Charisma- extraordinary personal qualities that turn an audience into followers.
3. Rational-legal or bureaucratic authority- this kind of authority draws its legitimacy from
formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws. This
is the most dominant way of legitimizing authority in modern states.
GOVERNMENT
Government is one of the major components of social institution where its
activities are entrusted with making and enforcing the rules of a society as
well as with regulating relations with other societies. Its legitimacy lies in
being recognized to govern and to enact and enforce laws.
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

Monarchy is a political system in which a


representative from one family controls the
government and power is passed on through that
family from generation to generation.
Two Types:
1. Absolute Monarchy
2. Constitutional Monarchy
Democracy is a system in which the citizens
choose officials to run their government through
popular or majority votes.
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

Authoritarianism is a form of government


characterized by the rejection of political
plurality, the use of a strong central power to
preserve the political status quo, and
reductions in the rule of law, separation of
powers, and democratic voting.
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

Totalitarianism is a political system under


which the government maintains control all
aspects of its citizens’ lives.

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