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External and Internal Criticism

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22 views20 pages

External and Internal Criticism

Uploaded by

asahisahimada0000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GEC 002B

EXTERNAL
AND
INTERNAL
CRITICISM
WHAT is
external criticism?

Derived from the Greek word heuriskein


External Criticism (lower criticism)
Determines the authenticity of a source.
Examining authorship, date, and production
location.
Purpose & Importance

Crucial for historians to base interpretations on


credible evidence.
Preserves integrity of historical research.
Ensures accuracy and trustworthiness of historical
narratives.
Allows reliable understanding of the past.
Essential for learning from history and informed
decision-making.
Techniques &
methods

Authorship
Period/Date/Time
Location/Place
examples of
external criticism

manuscripts artifacts maps


Challenges of
external criticism

Language Issues
Damage
Forgery Concerns
Relevance to
philippine history

Authenticating the
philippine historical
records
Accurate Education
WHAT is
internal criticism?
Is the examination of the content of a particular
document to determine if it's accurate or reliable.
Internal Criticism (higher criticism)
It looks at the evidence's truthfulness by looking
at the author of the source and their background,
the document's context, the agenda behind its
production, the knowledge which informed it, and
its intended purpose.
Purpose &
importance
its purpose is to establish the
trustworthiness and credibility of the
contents of the document
to detect and determine whether the
document contains error and lies
Ensuring Historical Accuracy
It enables a deeper understanding of the
context in which historical documents were
created.
HOW to perform
external criticism?
Historians carefully reads the text of
the source for context.
Focus on attention on the author or
creator.
Situation surrounding its existence.
Intended audience or reader.
Internal criticism involves
two operations
Positive interpretative criticism
The aim of positive interpretative
criticism is to understand the literal and real
meaning of the document.

Negative interpretative criticism


The aim of the negative interpretative criticism
is to determine the element of truth contained
in the text.
Relevance to philippine
history

Historical Accuracy
National Identity
Policy and Reform
Reforming Education
Impact of internal
criticism
reference:
https://historiographyandmethod.blogspot.com/2020/05/external-criticism.html
https://lib.nmu.edu/voices/lessonplan.php
https://researchbasics.education.uconn.edu/historical_research/
https://egrove.olemiss.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1022&context=aah_notebook#:~:text=External%20criticism%20authenticates%20evi
dence%20and,%2C%20ghost%20writers%2C%20and%20interpolations.
https://ejournals.ph/article.php?
id=5364#:~:text=It%20now%20appears%20that%20the,during%20the%20pre%2DHispanic%
20era
https://youtu.be/RKqgfCtDx0M?si=rt2VV9b1RYE55aAm https://youtu.be/sqfQXL8gxGE?
si=emP7J0V0VBMSC8AK
https://historiographyandmethod.blogspot.com/2020/05/internal-criticism.html?m=1
https://youtu.be/VVGZxu5pLvw?si=_ATPCgIpST0U8lm1
https://youtu.be/QM8-wvRl-1o?si=ttKcH8_JVIsv0vr2
thank you!

Concon, Noreen Emerald


Igon-Igon, Jhoena Rose Vhianca
Ramirez, Ellamie Janelle

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