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LAB TASK 1
COURSE NAME: OPERATING SYSTEM
DEPARTMENT: BSCS
ROLL NO: 012215006
SUBMITTED TO: MAM FIZZA
SUMBITTED BY: AIZA ANSAR
Comparison of Major Operating Systems: Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac, Android, Ios

Windows

Type: Proprietary OS developed by Microsoft

Architecture: Hybrid Kernel

User Interface: Graphical (taskbar, start menu, etc) GUI based

License: proprietary

System Requirements: Typically requires more resources

Use Cases: Desktop, Laptops, gaming, business applications

Customization: Limited system-level customization; many third-party apps available.

Linux

Type: Open-source OS based on unix principles

Architecture: Monolithic Kernel

User Interface: Command-line and graphical

License: Open-source

System Requirements: Varies can run on low power devices

Use Cases: Servers, desktops, mobile

Customization: Limited system-level customization; many third-party apps available.

Unix

Type: Original operating system

Architecture: Monolithic kernel

User Interface: Primarily command line based

License: Typically proprietary or open-source

System Requirements: Varies widely depending on the implementation

Use Cases: Serves, scientific, research

Customization: Limited; mostly predefined by the vendor.

macOS

Type: Apple

Architecture: Hybrid Kernel

User Interface: GUI

License: Apple’s ecosystem

System Requirements: Apple hardware (MacBooks, iMacs)

Use Cases: Software Development

Customization: Some customization options; focused on a cohesive design

Android

Type: Linux kernel

Architecture: Monolithic kernel

User Interface: touch-based UI with apps, widgets

License: Google services

System Requirements: designed to run on a variety of mobile devices

Customization: Highly customizable, especially with third-party launchers.

IOS

Type: Apple

Architecture: Hybrid kernel

User Interface: Touch-based UI, similar to macOS but simplified for mobile

License: Apple

System Requirements: Apple devices (Iphones, Ipads)

Use Cases: Smartphones, tablets, wearables

Customization: Limited customization; emphasizes uniformity.

Here is a comparison of major operating systems (Windows, Linux, Unix, macOS, Android, iOS) in a
table format, covering aspects like primary usage, user interface, software support, security,
customization, and more.

Feature Windows Linux Unix macOS Android iOS

Developer Microsoft Various Various Apple Google Apple

(e.g., (AT&T, BSD
Canonical, derivatives)
Red Hat)

Primary Personal Servers, Enterprise Personal Mobile Mobile

Usage computers, programmi servers, computers devices devices
gaming, ng, academic, , creative (smartphon (smartphon
business, embedded scientific industry es, tablets) es, tablets)
servers systems

Kernel Type Hybrid Monolithic Monolithic Hybrid Monolithic Hybrid

Kernel (with some Kernel Kernel Kernel
microkernel
 elements)

User GUI CLI, GUI CLI (limited GUI (Dock, GUI (Touch- GUI (Touch-
Interface (Desktop, (GNOME, GUI Finder, based, based,
Taskbar, KDE, etc.) options) Mission customizabl limited
Start Control) e home customizati
Menu) screens) on)

File System NTFS, ext4, Btrfs, UFS, ZFS (in APFS, HFS+ ext4, F2FS APFS
FAT32, XFS, ZFS, BSD) (varies by
exFAT etc. manufactur
er)

Software Wide range Limited Limited Proprietar Wide range Apple-

Support (Office, proprietary, proprietary, y (Apple- (Google exclusive
Adobe, strong FOSS strong in exclusive Play, FOSS) (App Store)
games) support academia software)

Security Moderate High High (stable High Moderate High

(prone to (frequent and secure) (integrated (Android (sandboxed
malware, patches, with Apple security apps, Apple
regular customizabl ecosystem varies by ecosystem)
updates) e) ) OEM)

Customizati Moderate Extensive Limited Limited High (open- Very

on (themes, (open- source Limited
settings) source, elements
highly allow
customizabl changes)
e)

Market ~75% ~2% <1% ~15% ~70% ~28%

Share (desktop (desktop (specific use (desktop (mobile OS, (mobile OS,
OS) OS) cases) OS) varies by varies by
region) region)

Open No Yes Partially No Partially No

Source (varies by (core open-
Unix flavor) source)

Typical Laptops, Servers, Enterprise Mac Smartphon iPhones,

Devices desktops desktops, servers computers es, tablets, iPads, Apple
IoT devices smart TVs Watch

Hardware Broad Very broad Limited Limited Broad Limited

Support (wide (runs on (Apple (varies by (Apple
hardware various hardware manufactur hardware
compatibili architectur only) er) only)
ty) es)

License Proprietary Mostly Proprietary Proprietar Primarily Proprietary

Type (commerci open- (Unix y open- (commercial
 al) source trademark) (commerci source )
(GPL, MIT, al) (some
etc.) proprietary)

Community Large, Very large Niche Strong but Very large Strong but
Support extensive (varied (profession specific to (Google and specific to
forums communiti als, Apple OEM Apple
es) academic) products communitie products
s)

Target General Developers, IT General General General

Users users, system professional users, users, users,
businesses, admins, s, creative developers creative
gamers power researchers profession professional
users als s

Picture of Windows user Interface:

The user interface (UI) is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device.
This can include display screens, keyboards, a mouse and the appearance of a desktop.

Picture of Linux user Interface:

The user interface, also known as the shell, is either a command-line interface (CLI), a graphical user
interface (GUI), or controls attached to the associated hardware, which is common for embedded
systems.

Picture of Unix user Interface:

UNIX systems also have a graphical user interface (GUI) similar to Microsoft Windows which provides
an easy to use environment.

Picture of Mac user Interface:

The user interface (UI) refers to the style and feel of how an operating system or software product
feels and acts.
Picture of Android user Interface:

On Android, UIs or input controls are interactive or display components used to design the user
interface of an application.

Picture of Ios user Interface:

The iOS user interface is based upon direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures such as swipe,
tap, pinch, and reverse pinch. Interface control elements include sliders, switches, and buttons.