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It Last HW

ICT homework

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28 views3 pages

It Last HW

ICT homework

Uploaded by

bliverofgod21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

Refers to the process of identifying and resolving issues with the physical components of a
computer or other electronic device. This includes diagnosing and fixing problems with
hardware such as:
 Motherboard: Issues with the main circuit board that connects all the other components.
 Processor (CPU): Problems with the central processing unit that executes instructions.
 Memory (RAM): Malfunctions with the volatile memory that stores data and programs
currently in use.
 Storage Devices: Faults with hard drives, solid-state drives, or other storage media.
 Input/Output Devices: Troubleshooting issues with keyboards, mice, displays, printers,
etc.
 Power Supply: Problems with the component that provides power to the entire system.
 Cooling Systems: Resolving issues with fans, heatsinks, and thermal management.
The hardware troubleshooting process typically involves:
• Visual inspection for physical damage or loose connections.
• Running diagnostics tools to identify the specific problem.
• Isolating the faulty component through systematic testing.
• Replacing the defective hardware with a working part.
• Verifying the issue is resolved after the repair.

5. Dust Prevention:
 Use air filters or filters on vents/fans to prevent dust from entering the computer case.
 Regularly clean the computer's exterior, including vents and fan openings, using
compressed air or a soft brush.
 Place the computer in a clean, dry environment away from sources of dust, such as
construction areas or high-traffic rooms.
 Avoid placing the computer on carpeted floors, which can increase dust accumulation.
 Regularly clean the inside of the computer case, using compressed air to blow out dust
from components like the CPU heatsink, fans, and expansion cards.
Malware Prevention:

 Install and maintain up-to-date antivirus/anti-malware software on the computer.


 Keep the operating system and all software applications updated with the latest security
patches.
 Be cautious when downloading and installing programs from the internet, only using
reputable sources.
 Avoid opening suspicious email attachments or clicking on unknown links, which can
harbor malware.
 Use a firewall to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic.
 Regularly back up important data to an external storage device or cloud-based service, in
case of malware infection or data loss.
 Educate users on best practices for identifying and avoiding potential malware threats.
6. Beep codes are audible signals generated by the computer's BIOS (Basic Input/Output system)
to indicate specific hardware issues or errors during the boot process. These codes can help
identify the source of a problem and guide troubleshooting efforts.
Some common beep code examples
 Single short beep:
Meaning: This is the normal POST (Power-On Self-Test) beep, indicating that the computer
has successfully completed the initial hardware check and is proceeding with the boot
process.
 Continuous beeping:
Meaning: This usually indicates a problem with the power supply or a short circuit on the
motherboard.
 Two short beeps:
Meaning: This beep code often signifies a problem with the memory (RAM). It could
indicate a memory module failure, incorrect memory configuration, or compatibility
issues.
 Three short beeps:
Meaning: This code can indicate a problem with the video card or display adapter. It
could be a sign of a faulty GPU, improper video card installation, or a conflict with the
display settings.
 Four short beeps:
Meaning: This beep code is associated with a problem with the system timer. It could be
a sign of a motherboard or chipset issue.
 Five short beeps:
Meaning: This code typically indicates a problem with the BIOS or CPU. It could be a
result of a BIOS corruption, an incompatible or faulty processor, or a CPU overheating
issue.
 One long and one short beep:
Meaning: This code is often associated with a problem with the video memory. It could
indicate a faulty or incompatible video card or a problem with the video BIOS.
 One long and two short beeps:
Meaning: This code can signify a problem with the system CMOS (Complementary Metal-
Oxide Semiconductor) settings or a CMOS battery failure.
7. CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) is a type of memory chip that stores
BIOS settings and configuration information.
Its main functions are:
 Storing BIOS settings (system clock, boot order, hardware configs)
 Maintaining the system clock using a small battery
CMOS errors can occur due to:
 CMOS battery failure
 CMOS chip failure
 Incorrect BIOS/CMOS setting changes
To prevent CMOS errors:
 Replace CMOS battery every 2-3 years
 Avoid unauthorized BIOS/CMOS changes
 Backup CMOS settings regularly
 Keep BIOS updated
8. The two main diagnostic tools for troubleshooting hardware issues are:

POST (Power-On Self-Test):


 Runs automatically on boot, checks basic hardware functionality
 Generates error messages or beep codes to identify problems
BIOS/UEFI Diagnostic Tools:
 Accessed during boot by pressing a key
 Offers options to test components like memory, CPU, storage, peripherals
 Helps identify malfunctioning hardware
9. The main uses of scanning and hard disk diagnostics are:
Scanning:
 Checks for malware, viruses, and other security threats
 Helps identify and remove any infected or suspicious files
Hard Disk Diagnostics:
 Checks the health and performance of the hard disk
 Identifies potential issues like bad sectors, read/write errors, etc.
Hard Disk Fragmentation:
 Occurs when files are stored in non-contiguous sectors on the disk
 Causes slower file access and read/write performance
 Happens as files are created, modified, and deleted over time
The benefits of addressing hard disk fragmentation include:
 Improved system performance
 Faster file access and loading times
 More efficient use of disk space

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