SUBJECT: PE & Health 11 QUARTER: 2

REFERENCE: HOPE, Stella Marie M, Urbiztondo. WEEK NO.: 7 & 8

I. TOPIC/S: Muscular and Skeletal System (Grand Performance)

I. OBJECTIVES: The learner should be able:
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
a) define the muscular and skeletal system of body;
b) understand the function, components, uses of the body system; and
c) perform the a dance/random post and level the part of the muscle or bone that you used to
perform/execute the dance/position .
I. LESSON PROPER
A. Introduction
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called
muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility.
Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are
responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the
result of muscle contraction.

B. Interaction
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
• It is composed of many muscles and bones. • It lets you move your body parts and go
from one place to another.
BONES MUSCLES
THE HUMAN SKELETON
• Humans have got an internal skeleton. It is made of 206 different bones. • Bones are rigid and
hard.
Functions of the skeleton:
• 1---It supports the body and helps to keep its shape.
• 2---It protects the body’s soft organs, like the brain, the lungs and the heart.
` •3--- Bones can move because they are connected to muscles. • 3---So movement is
another function of the skeleton.

8. BONES • Bones can be different shapes and sizes.

• There are long bones, short bones, flat bones and cylindrical bones.
The FEMUR is the longest bone in the body.
The PELVIS is the biggest bone in the body.
The EAR BONES are the smallest bones in the body.
We can put the human bones into three groups:
1--- bones in the head
2--- bones in the extremities ( arms and legs)

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 3--- bones of the torso HEAD EXTREMITIES TRUNK
SKULL / CRANIUM
The bones in the torso are: The spine The sternum The ribs
THE SPINE IS FORMED BY 33 VERTEBRAE
Muscles are soft and elastic
There are more than 600 muscles all over the human body. Muscles are made of muscle cells.
These cells can contract and relax. Muscles contract and relax to make your body parts move.
When a muscle contracts it becomes shorter. When a muscle relaxes it becomes longer.

CONTRACT ----------------- SHORTER RELAX--------------------------- LONGER

QUADRICEPS

TYPES OF MUSCLE • SMOOTH • CARDIAC • SKELETAL

SKELETAL
• Muscles that are attached to bones iare skeletal muscles.
• Skeletal muscles are also called voluntary muscles.
• Voluntary muscles are muscles that you can consciously control.

SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE ATTACHED TO BONES BY TENDONS

CARDIAC MUSCLE • Your heart is made of cardiac muscles, which • are found only in
the heart. • A cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary muscle, which is muscle you cannot
consciously control. • As cardiac muscles contract and relax, they pump blood through your heart
and throughvessels throughout your body.
Smooth muscles
• They are muscles found in the stomach, intestines and bladder. • They contract and
relax to digest the food we eat.
Muscles have got different shapes:
• Long muscles: like the ones in your legs
• Flat muscles: like the ones in your face
• Circular: like the ones around your arms
Joints • There are 3 types:
1. Fixed: they cannot move
2. Semi-moveable: they can move a little (vertebrae)
3. Moveable: they can move a lot (elbows, knees, shoulders)

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The muscular system
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their
predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and
blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the
result of muscle contraction.
The muscular system contains more than 600muscles that work together to enable the full
functioning of the body.

There are 3 types of muscles in the body:

1. Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that can be consciously controlled. They are attached to
bones, and contracting the muscles causes movement of those bones.
Any action that a person consciously undertakes involves the use of skeletal muscles. Examples of
such activities include running, chewing, and writing.

2. Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle lines the inside of blood vessels and organs, such as the stomach, and is also
known as visceral muscle.
It is the weakest type of muscle but has an essential role in moving food along the digestive tract
and maintaining blood circulation through the blood vessels.
Smooth muscle acts involuntarily and cannot be consciously controlled.

3. Cardiac muscle
Located only in the heart, cardiac muscle pumps blood around the body. Cardiac muscle
stimulates its own contractions that form our heartbeat. Signals from the nervous system control
the rate of contraction. This type of muscle is strong and acts involuntarily.

Eleven main functions of the muscular system

The main functions of the muscular system are as follows:

1. Mobility
The muscular system’s main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract, they
contribute to gross and fine movement.
Gross movement refers to large, coordinated motions and includes:
Example: walking, running, and swimming

Fine movement involves smaller movements, such as:

Example: writing, speaking, facial expressions

The smaller skeletal muscles are usually responsible for this type of action.
Most muscle movement of the body is under conscious control. However, some movements are
reflexive, such as withdrawing a hand from a source of heat.

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2. Stability
Muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint stability. Muscle tendons in the knee
joint and the shoulder joint are crucial in stabilization.

The core muscles are those in the abdomen, back, and pelvis, and they also stabilize the body and
assist in tasks, such as lifting weights.

3. Posture
Skeletal muscles help keep the body in the correct position when someone is sitting or standing.
This is known as posture.

Good posture relies on strong, flexible muscles. Stiff, weak, or tight muscles contribute to poor
posture and misalignment of the body.

Long-term, bad posture leads to joint and muscle pain in the shoulders, back, neck, and elsewhere.

4. Circulation
The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. The movement of the heart is outside
of conscious control, and it contracts automatically when stimulated by electrical signals.

Smooth muscle in the arteries and veins plays a further role in the circulation of blood around the
body. These muscles maintain blood pressure and circulation in the event of blood loss or
dehydration.

They expand to increase blood flow during times of intense exercise when the body requires more
oxygen.

5. Respiration
Breathing involves the use of the diaphragm muscle.

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. When the diaphragm contracts,
it pushes downward, causing the chest cavity to get bigger. The lungs then fill with air. When the
diaphragm muscle relaxes, it pushes air out of the lungs.

When someone wants to breath more deeply, it requires help from other muscles, including those
in the abdomen, back, and neck.

6. Digestion
The muscular system allows for movement within the body, for example, during digestion or
urination.
Smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal or GI tract control digestion. The GI tract stretches from
the mouth to the anus.

Food moves through the digestive system with a wave-like motion called peristalsis. Muscles in
the walls of the hollow organs contract and relax to cause this movement, which pushes food
through the esophagus into the stomach.

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The upper muscle in the stomach relaxes to allow food to enter, while the lower muscles mix food
particles with stomach acid and enzymes.

7. Urination
The urinary system comprises both smooth and skeletal muscles, including those in the:

Example: bladder, kidneys, penis or vagina, prostate, ureters, andurethra

The muscles and nerves must work together to hold and release urine from the bladder.

Urinary problems, such as poor bladder control or retention of urine, are caused by damage to the
nerves that carry signals to the muscles.

8. Childbirth
Smooth muscles in the uterus expand and contract during childbirth. These movements push the
baby through the vagina. Also, the pelvic floor muscles help to guide the baby’s head down the
birth canal.

9. Vision
Six skeletal muscles around the eye control its movements. These muscles work quickly and
precisely, and allow the eye to:

maintain a stable image

scan the surrounding area
track moving objects
If someone experiences damage to their eye muscles, it can impair their vision.

10. Organ protection

Muscles in the torso protect the internal organs at the front, sides, and back of the body. The bones
of the spine and the ribs provide further protection.

Muscles also protect the bones and organs by absorbing shock and reducing friction in the joints.

11. Temperature regulation

Maintaining normal body temperature is an important function of the muscular system. Almost 85
percent of the heat a person generates in their body comes from contracting muscles.

When body heat falls below optimal levels, the skeletal muscles increase their activity to make
heat. Shivering is one example of this mechanism. Muscles in the blood vessels also contract to
maintain body heat.

Body temperature can be brought back within normal range through the relaxation of smooth
muscle in the blood vessels. This action increases blood flow and releases excess heat through the
skin.

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Integration
In this lesson presented you learnt about our bodies consist that consist of a number of biological
systems that carry out specific functions necessary for everyday living. The job of the circulatory
system is to move blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones, around the body. It
consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries and veins.

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times

II. ACTIVITY SHEET

SUBJECT: PE & Health 11 MODULE NO.: 7 & 8 (2nd Quarter)

Name: _____________________________________________ Score: ______________________

Grade/Section: ______________________________________ Date: _______________________

Now for this phase, I provided learning activities that caters your understanding
about the lesson.
ACTIVTY 1 – Performance Task
Direction:
1) In the “Skeletal and Muscle System” perform a dance that shows uses of skeletal and
muscular movement. Minimum 2 minutes.
2) Please be guided by the criterion given below (Please send your video through Facebook
messenger or save it in a flashdrive/USB); Music (your choice).
3) This will serve us your grand performance in your PE and Health 11.
4) Submit your output upon collecting the modules.
5) Congratulation in Advance!

Criteria for Judging

Criteria Mark
Technique 15
Projection 15
Transition 20
Poise 25
Mastery 25
Total 100

Activity 2 - Essay
Direction: Answer the question below briefly but substantially.
1. How can you keep your skeletal and muscular system healthy??

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